遼寧中考英語(yǔ)2022-2024真題匯編-教師版-專題04 閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文

遼寧中考英語(yǔ)2022-2024真題匯編-教師版-專題04閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（一）（2024·遼寧統(tǒng)考·中考真題）We’replants.Giveusyourcareandwewillbringjoytoyou.Pleasetakeushome,willyou?PLANTSGettoknowusFlowersWebringbrightcolors!HouseplantsWearegreenandlightuprooms!Succulents(多肉植物)Wedon’tneedmuchcare!VegetablesHowabouthome-grownfood?GiveusahomeWecanliveinapot.Itcanbeputnearawindow,byasofaorunderatree.Placingusonawallwillbringyoumuchfun.Weloveit,too.CareforusSpringWemayneedfertilizers(化肥).SummerWehateharmfulinsects.AutumnWeneedlesswater.WinterGiveusalargerhomeifnecessary.1．Accordingtothetext,________don’tneedmuchcare.A．flowers B．houseplants C．succulents D．vegetables2．It’sfuntoputapotofplants________.A．onawall B．byasofa C．nearawindow D．underatree3．Plantsneedtobeprotectedfromharmfulinsects,especiallyin________.A．spring B．summer C．a(chǎn)utumn D．winter4．Whichpartofamagazineisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A．Art. B．Life. C．Sports. D．History.【答案】1．C2．A3．B4．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了一些植物。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Succulents(多肉植物)Wedon’tneedmuchcare!”可知，多肉植物不太需要照顧，故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Placingusonawallwillbringyoumuchfun.”可知，把植物掛在墻上會(huì)給你帶來(lái)很多樂(lè)趣。故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SummerWehateharmfulinsects.”可知，尤其是在夏天需要保護(hù)植物不受有害昆蟲(chóng)的侵害，故選B。4．推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了一些植物，所以可能在雜志的生活版塊看到這篇文章，故選B。（二）（2023·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·中考真題）HaveyoueverheardofHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark?Itisourown“Amazon”.Ifyoutravelthere,whatcanyouenjoy?AnimalsTheparkishometoHainangibbons(長(zhǎng)臂猿).Theylooklikemonkeys,buthavenotails.Theyeatfruitsandleavesfromover130kindsofplants.Inthe1980s,therewerefewerthan10gibbonsinthepark.In2022,therewere36becausepeopleprotectedtheirhomesandplantedtrees.PlantsTheparkisa“l(fā)ivemuseum”ofplants.Itisalsothehometo133kindsofnationalkeyprotectedplants.Cycashainanensis(海南蘇鐵)isanexample.Ithasbig,feather-likeleaves.Itgrowsslowly,butcanliveaslongas200years.Itprobablywon’tgrowflowersorfruitsinNorthChina.ButinHainan,cycashainanensisover10yearsoldblossom(開(kāi)花)andbearfruitsalmosteveryyear.CultureMiaoandLipeoplehavelivedintheparkforgenerations(世代).Theirhouseslooklikeupside-downboats.Theyarebuiltabovethegroundtokeepawayanimals.Lipeoplemakeclothesfrombark(樹(shù)皮).Theirhistoryoftreebarkclothingdatesbacktoabout10,000yearsago.Somepeoplestillusebarkclothingnowadays.5．WhatwasthepopulationofHainangibbonsinthe1980s?A．Lessthan10. B．Morethan30. C．Nearly130. D．Only133.6．Whatcanweknowaboutcycashainanensisfromthetext?A．Itcangrowveryquickly. B．Itnevergrowsflowers.C．Itcanliveupto200years. D．Ithasverysmallleaves.7．WhatistreebarkusedtodobyLipeople?A．Toavoidanimals. B．Tobuildhouses. C．Toproduceboats. D．Tomakeclothes.8．Inwhichpartofamagazinecanweprobablyfindthetext?A．Art. B．Travel. C．Health. D．Sports.【答案】5．A6．C7．D8．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了海南熱帶雨林國(guó)家公園的長(zhǎng)臂猿、海南蘇鐵以及當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inthe1980s,therewerefewerthan10gibbonsinthepark.”可知，在20世紀(jì)80年代，公園里只有不到10只長(zhǎng)臂猿。故選A。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itgrowsslowly,butcanliveaslongas200years.”可知，海南蘇鐵生長(zhǎng)緩慢，但是可以活200年。故選C。7．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lipeoplemakeclothesfrombark(樹(shù)皮).”可知，黎族人用樹(shù)皮做衣服。故選D。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“HaveyoueverheardofHainanTropicalRainforestNationalPark?”及全文可知，本文主要介紹了海南熱帶雨林國(guó)家公園的動(dòng)植物及風(fēng)土人情，屬于旅游范疇，故可以在雜志中的“旅游”版塊讀到此文章。故選B。（三）（2023·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·中考真題）The20thNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinapointsouttheimportanceofreadingandcallsonpeopletoreadmorebooks,sosharedbookhouseshaveappearedinmanyplaces.Readinghasbecomeatrendinourcountry.Areadingcampaign(行動(dòng))tookplaceinShenyanginApril,2023.Manypeopletookpartinit.LiHong,agirlfromajuniorhighschool,said,“MymotherandItookpartinthecampaignbecausebothofuslikereading.Booksareournecessaryfurnitureinourhouse.IknowalotaboutChineseclassic(經(jīng)典的)works.Readingmakesmylifecolourfulandwillchangemydreamintoreality(現(xiàn)實(shí)).”Readingisonething,butknowinghowtoreadandwhattoreadisanother.Therearemainlythreekindsofreading:recreationalreading,study-typereadingandsurveyreading.Recreationalreadingcanbringyoumuchfun.Youcanreadatarelaxedspeed.Study-typereadingusuallyneedsyoutoreadthetextverycarefullytounderstandtheideasanddetails.Surveyreadingisawayofreadingfasttogetthemainideaorfindtheinformationyouneed.Whatkindofbooksshouldyouread?Emerson,agreatwriterandthinker,hadthreerules:neverreadabookthatisnotayearold;neverreadanybutfamousbooks;neverreadabookyoudon’tlike.Goodbookscanliftyoutoahigherplane(境界).Whateveryouread,readwithinterest,withthewholemind.Trytobeabestreader.Ifyouaregettingthemostoutofabook,youwilldothingsmoreconfidently.Readingisrewarding(有益的)!9．Whatcanweinfer(推斷)aboutLiHongfromthesecondparagraph?A．Thereisnootherfurnitureinherhousebutbooks.B．HermotherteachesChineseinajuniorhighschool.C．ShehasprobablyreadthebookJourneytotheWest.D．Shehaschangedherdreambecauseofthecampaign.10．Whichofthefollowingprobablybelongstosurveyreading?A．Learningalongpoematarelaxedspeed.B．Readinganovelcarefullytowriteareport.C．Enjoyinginterestingcomicstripsasyoulike.D．Searchingnewspapersquicklyforsomething.11．WhatkindofbooksshouldwereadaccordingtoEmerson?A．Booksthatarewellknown. B．Booksthatcostalotofmoney.C．Booksthatareaboutrules. D．Booksthatcomeoutwithinayear.12．Whatisthepurposeofwritingthistext?A．Tointroduceareadingcampaign. B．Toadviseustobuildbookhouses.C．Toencouragepeopletoreadbooks. D．Totellusaboutsomeclassicworks.【答案】9．C10．D11．A12．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了讀書(shū)在全國(guó)成為一種趨勢(shì)，并談?wù)摿巳绾巫x書(shū)和讀什么書(shū)，鼓勵(lì)人們讀書(shū)。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“IknowalotaboutChineseclassicworks.”可知李紅對(duì)中國(guó)古典名著了解很多，由此推出她可能讀過(guò)經(jīng)典名著《西游記》。故選C。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Surveyreadingisawayofreadingfasttogetthemainideaorfindtheinformationyouneed.”可知概括性閱讀是一種快速閱讀的方式，以獲得主要思想或找到你需要的信息，由此推出在報(bào)紙上快速搜索屬于概括性閱讀。故選D。11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Emerson,agreatwriterandthinker,hadthreerules:neverreadabookthatisnotayearold;neverreadanybutfamousbooks;neverreadabookyoudon’tlike.”可知愛(ài)默生認(rèn)為永遠(yuǎn)不要讀一本未滿一年的書(shū)、只讀名著、永遠(yuǎn)不要讀你不喜歡的書(shū)。故選A。12．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了讀書(shū)在全國(guó)成為一種趨勢(shì)，并談?wù)摿巳绾巫x書(shū)和讀什么書(shū)，鼓勵(lì)人們讀書(shū)。結(jié)合“Trytobeabestreader.Ifyouaregettingthemostoutofabook,youwilldothingsmoreconfidently.Readingisrewarding!”可知寫(xiě)這篇文章是為了鼓勵(lì)人們讀書(shū)。故選C。（四）（2023·遼寧大連·中考真題）InPontevedra,Spain,peopledon’tshout.Sincecarsarenotallowedinthecity,therearenohorns（喇叭）ornoisesfromcarengines.Peopledon’thavetotryhardtomakethemselvesheard.Whatyouhearinthestreet,instead,isthesingingofbirds.“Listen,”saysMiguelLores,themayor（市長(zhǎng)）,openingthewindowsofhisoffice.Fromthestreetbelowrisesthesoundofhumanvoices.“Morethan14,000carsusedtopassalongthisstreeteveryday.Thereweremorecarspassingthroughthecityinadaythanpeoplelivinghere.Loresbecamemayorin1999.Hespentmonthswalkingaroundthecity.“Thehistoricalcityisdead,”hesaidoneday.“Itisfullofcars.Itisheavilypolluted.Therearealotoftrafficaccidents.Theelderlyandchildrenaren’tabletousethestreetsbecauseofcars.Peoplewhohadachancetoleavehavedoneso.”Atfirst,Loresthoughtofimprovingtrafficconditions.However,hecouldn’tcomeupwithagoodplan.Afterlotsofdiscussions,thegovernmentfinallydecidedtogetridof（清除）cars.ThechangehasbroughtPontevedramanybenefits.Trafficaccidentsarenowrare（罕見(jiàn)的）.CO2emissions（排放物）aredownby70%.Manypeoplearemovingtothecity,makingitlivelyagain.Mostlocalpeoplelikethechange.RamiroArmesto,amotheroftwoyoungchildren,said,“Inthepast,thefirstthingtoseeinthemorningwastrafficjams.Now,thecityiscleaner,quieterandsafer.”RaquelGarcia,anotherparent,saidshehadstayedinmanycitiesaroundtheworld.However,shehadneverlivedinacityas“easytolivein”asPontevedra.“Evenifit’sraining,Iwalkeverywhere.Thefeelingiswonderful,”sheadded.13．FromParagraph1,weknowPontevedraisa(n)________cityinSpain.A．a(chǎn)ncient B．quiet C．busy D．crowded14．ForLores,whatwasthecityPontevedra’smainproblem?A．Thehistoricalcitywasdead. B．Therewerelotsoftrafficaccidents.C．Manypeoplewereleavingthecity. D．Thereweretoomanycarsinthecity.15．Theunderlinedword“benefits”probablymeans“________”inEnglish.A．choices B．a(chǎn)dvantages C．problems D．symbols16．Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph?A．Toshowhowpeoplelikethechange. B．Toletmorecitiesfollowthechange.C．Toexplainwhatpeoplethinkofthecity. D．TotellwhypeoplelikelivinginPontevedra.17．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．Acitywithoutcars. B．Thepathtoacity’sprogress.C．Agoodplanforacity. D．ThechangesofPontevedra.【答案】13．B14．D15．B16．A17．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了西班牙的城市——蓬特韋德拉發(fā)生的巨大變化。13．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“InPontevedra,Spain,peopledon’tshout...Whatyouhearinthestreet,instead,isthesingingofbirds.”可知，蓬特韋德拉是西班牙的一個(gè)安靜的城市，沒(méi)有汽車的喧囂，故選B。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itisfullofcars.Itisheavilypolluted....Peoplewhohadachancetoleavehavedoneso.”可知，對(duì)Lores來(lái)說(shuō)，蓬特韋德拉的主要問(wèn)題是汽車太多了，故選D。15．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Trafficaccidentsarenowrare（罕見(jiàn)的）.CO2emissions（排放物）aredownby70%.Manypeoplearemovingtothecity,makingitlivelyagain.”可知，交通事故現(xiàn)在很少見(jiàn)了。二氧化碳排放量下降了70%。許多人搬到這個(gè)城市，使它又活躍起來(lái)了。這是這個(gè)城市禁止汽車之后的好處，所以單詞“benefits”指的是“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”，故選B。16．段落大意題。根據(jù)“Mostlocalpeoplelikethechange.”以及整段的理解可知，本段主要是為了顯示人們對(duì)這種變化的喜愛(ài)，故選A。17．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“InPontevedra,Spain,peopledon’tshout.Sincecarsarenotallowedinthecity,therearenohorns（喇叭）ornoisesfromcarengines.”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要講述了蓬特德韋德拉從一個(gè)街上擠滿汽車到變成街上沒(méi)有汽車行駛的城市，并講述了街上沒(méi)有汽車的好處，以及這一變化獲得了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦闹С?。所以本文的最佳?biāo)題是“沒(méi)有汽車的城市”。故選A。（五）（2023·遼寧鞍山·中考真題）Chinahasmadeasystemoflawstoprotecttheenvironment.IthashelpedbuildbeautifulChina,accordingtoaworkreport.ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon.TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.Ithasmadegreateffortstopreventandcontrolpollution.Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(質(zhì)量)hasstayedatthegoodlevelon86.5percentofthedaysincities.Thecountryhasalsomadeprogressinpreventingandcontrollingsoilpollutionandcontinuedtoprotectforests,rivers,lakesandsoon.What’smore,Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem.Animalsarefriendsofhumans,andprotectinganimalsisalsotoprotectthehomeofhumans.Agoodenvironmentisimportanttohumans.Withoutthefreshairorcleanwater,wecan’tliveontheearth.TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboththeenvironmentandourselves.18．Thereareatleast________lawsinParagraph2.A．5 B．6 C．7 D．819．Theunderlinedword“assist”inParagraph2issimilarto________.A．part B．a(chǎn)gree C．help D．deal20．AccordingtoParagraph3,wehavedonesomethingtoprotecttheanimals,including________.①providinghomesformanyanimals②givinganimalsmorefood③teachingthepublictohelpanimals④makinglawstoprotectwildanimalsandplantsA．①②③ B．①③④ C．①②④ D．②③④21．Overthepastfiveyears,theairqualityincitieshasgenerallystayedatthe________level.A．bad B．terrible C．poor D．good22．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．AsystemoflawshasbeenmadetoprotectsoilaroundChina.B．Thecountryhasmadeprogressinpreventingriverpollution.C．Chinaprotectsandimprovestheenvironmentinwhichpeoplelive.D．Chinahastakenactiontoprotecttheenvironmentandhumans.【答案】18．A19．C20．B21．D22．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了中國(guó)已采取了很多行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThesystemincludestheEnvironmentalProtectionLawandalotoflawsinsomeotherareas,suchastheYangtzeRiverProtectionLaw,theYellowRiverProtectionLaw,theBlackSoil(土壤)ProtectionLaw,thelawontheQinghai-TibetPlateauandsoon”可知該體系包括《環(huán)境保護(hù)法》和其他一些領(lǐng)域的許多法律，如《長(zhǎng)江保護(hù)法》、《黃河保護(hù)法》、《黑土保護(hù)法》、《青藏高原法》等。故選A。19．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“TheseenvironmentalprotectionlawsassistwithbeautifulChina.”可知這些環(huán)境保護(hù)法有助于建設(shè)美麗的中國(guó)，故此處劃線部分和help意義相近。故選C。20．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Chinahasmanagedtomakelawstoprotectwildanimalsandplants,providehomesformanyanimalsandteachthepublictohelpthem”可知中國(guó)還制定了保護(hù)野生動(dòng)植物的法律，為許多動(dòng)物提供了家園，并教導(dǎo)公眾幫助它們。故選B。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Overthepastfiveyears,theairquality(質(zhì)量)hasstayedatthegoodlevel”可知在過(guò)去的五年里，空氣質(zhì)量一直保持在良好水平。故選D。22．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“TheChinesegovernmenthastakenactiontoprotectboththeenvironmentandourselves.”以及本文內(nèi)容可知本文主要介紹了中國(guó)已采取了很多行動(dòng)保護(hù)環(huán)境和人類。故選D。（六）（2023·遼寧丹東·中考真題）Lotsofscientistsarestudyingrobotstoday.Manyrobotsdon’talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines,andsomearenothingbutlongarms.However,modernrobotsaresmart.Somecansolveproblemsontheirown.Robotsaremoreandmoreusefulandimportantinourlife.Theyhelpusalot.Infactories,robotscanhelppeopledoalotofwork.Theyworkfasteranddonotneedarest.Peoplewillfeelborediftheydothesamejobagainandagain,butrobotswillnot.Theycanworkinsomedangerousplaceswherepeoplecannot.Robotsareusefulinourhomes,too.Theycanhelpusdosomecooking.Theycanhelptheblindpeoplereadnewspapers,helptheoldpeoplemovesomeheavythingsandsoon.Ifwehavesomeotherproblems,wecanalsoaskthemforhelp.However,robotsarenotsocleveraspeople.Theycannotthinklikeus.Ifwedonot“teach”themhowtodothingsfirst,theycandonothing.It’spossiblethatwewillhaveourownrobots,andtheywillhelpustodomorethingsinthefuture.23．Whatcanweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A．Norobotsarelikebigmachines. B．Robotsallhavelongarms.C．Robotsareindifferentshapes. D．Robotscan’tworkoutproblemsbythemselves.24．Wherearerobotshelpfultousaccordingtothethirdparagraph?A．Infactories. B．Inbanks. C．Inourhouses. D．Inlibraries.25．Whatistheadvantageofrobotsaccordingtothetext?A．Theyareascleveraspeople. B．Theywillbecometired.C．Theycanthinklikepeople. D．Theycanworkindangerousplaces.26．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．It’saboutwhatrobotswillbelikeinthefuture.B．It’saboutwhatrobotscandoinmanyyears.C．It’sabouthowrobotsareusedinourlife.D．It’sabouthowscientistsinventedrobots.27．Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A．Asciencemagazine. B．Aguidebook. C．Sportsnews. D．Amusictextbook.【答案】23．C24．C25．D26．C27．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了機(jī)器人在我們的生活中的作用和重要性。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Manyrobotsdon’talwayslooklikepeople.Somearelikebigmachines,andsomearenothingbutlongarms”可知機(jī)器人有不同的形狀。故選C。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Robotsareusefulinourhomes,too”可知機(jī)器人在我們家里很有用，故選C。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theycanworkinsomedangerousplaceswherepeoplecannot.”可知機(jī)器人可以在一些人們無(wú)法工作的危險(xiǎn)的地方工作。故選D。26．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Robotsaremoreandmoreusefulandimportantinourlife.”和全文可知，本文主要講述了機(jī)器人在我們的生活中的作用和重要性，故選C。27．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文是關(guān)于機(jī)器人，所以可能在科學(xué)雜志上看到，故選A。（七）（2023·遼寧錦州·中考真題）Intheyear2070,mostofyouwillbemorethan60yearsold.Thegoodnewsisthattravelmightbecomesmarterbythattime.Europeanairline(航空公司)easyJethasmadesomepredictionsandreleased(發(fā)布)easyJet2070—TheFutureTravelReport.Let’stakealookatsomecoolideas.Heartbeat(心跳)passportPaperpassportswillbeathingofthepast.Youwilluse“heartbeatpassports”instead.Accordingtoexperts,everyone’sheartbeatisdifferent.Sothedata(數(shù)據(jù))willbeusedtotellwhoyouare.Morecomfortableflight(飛行)Theseatsontheplanewillnolongerbe“onesizefitsall”.You’llactuallybeabletobook(預(yù)定)aseataccordingtoyourbodytype(型).Theseatmightevenbeabletocoolorwarmyoutoyourpreferredtemperature.Therewillalsobenomorescreensonthebackofyourseats.Afuturedevice(設(shè)備)couldshowmoviesstraightinfrontofyoureyes.PrintedclothesandfoodIfyouhatepackingclothes,youmaynotneedtodoitinthefuture.Beforeyoufly,youwillhaveabodyscan(掃描).Whenyouarrive,you’llfindawardrobe(衣櫥)filledwith3D-printedclothesinyoursize.Whenyouleave,theclothescanberecycledandreprintedforthenextperson.Youcanalso3Dprintwhateveryouwanttoeat.BringhistorybacktolifeIfyouliketovisitplacesofinterest,augmentedreality(增強(qiáng)現(xiàn)實(shí))willchangethegame.Wearingaheadset(頭戴式耳機(jī)),youcanseewhathappenedthere,suchasafamouswar.28．In2070,heartbeatpassportswillbeusedbecause_________.A．paperpassportsareawasteofpaper B．thedataofeveryone’sheartbeatwilltellwhotheyareC．theycanbemadeatalowerprice D．expertsdon’tallowpeopletousepaperpassports29．_________willmakeyoucomfortableinyourflightin2070.①Aseataccordingtoyourbodytype

②Moviesshownstraightinfrontofyoureyes③Bigscreensonthebackofyourseats

④AseatwithyourpreferredtemperatureA．①③④ B．①②③ C．①②④ D．②③④30．In2070,ifyoudon’tlikepackingclothes,youcan_________accordingtoParagraph4.A．haveyourclothesposted B．buyyourclothesinthestoreC．recycleclothesforyourself D．scanyourbodyandyourclotheswillbeready31．WhatmightyouseewithaheadsetifyouvisitthePalaceMuseumin2070?A．PeoplearewatchingtheOlympicGames. B．Theemperoristalkingwiththeministers.C．SomepeoplearebuildingtheGreatWall. D．Somestudentsarehavingasportsmeeting.32．Whatwillbethebesttitleofthepassage?A．Goodideasforfuturetravel B．BetterlifestylesinthefutureC．Futuredevicesontheplane D．Hightechnologyin2070【答案】28．B29．C30．D31．B32．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹幾個(gè)關(guān)于未來(lái)的很酷的想法。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Accordingtoexperts,everyone’sheartbeatisdifferent.Sothedata(數(shù)據(jù))willbeusedtotellwhoyouare.”可知，專家表示，每個(gè)人的心跳都不一樣，所以這些數(shù)據(jù)將被用來(lái)告訴你是誰(shuí)。故選B。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“You’llactuallybeabletobook(預(yù)定)aseataccordingtoyourbodytype(型).Theseatmightevenbeabletocoolorwarmyoutoyourpreferredtemperature.Therewillalsobenomorescreensonthebackofyourseats.Afuturedevice(設(shè)備)couldshowmoviesstraightinfrontofyoureyes.”可知，你可以根據(jù)自己的體型預(yù)訂座位，這個(gè)座位甚至可以把你降溫或升溫到你喜歡的溫度，座位后面也不會(huì)有屏幕，未來(lái)的設(shè)備可以直接在你眼前播放電影。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，故選C。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Beforeyoufly,youwillhaveabodyscan(掃描).Whenyouarrive,you’llfindawardrobe(衣櫥)filledwith3D-printedclothesinyoursize.”可知，在你登機(jī)前，你要進(jìn)行全身掃描，當(dāng)你到達(dá)時(shí)，你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)衣柜里堆滿了3D打印的衣服。故選D。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wearingaheadset(頭戴式耳機(jī)),youcanseewhathappenedthere,suchasafamouswar.”可知，戴上頭戴式耳機(jī)，你可以看到那里發(fā)生了什么，比如一場(chǎng)著名的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。結(jié)合地點(diǎn)故宮可知，可能會(huì)看到皇帝正在和大臣們談話。故選B。32．最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Europeanairline(航空公司)easyJethasmadesomepredictionsandreleased(發(fā)布)easyJet2070—TheFutureTravelReport.Let’stakealookatsomecoolideas.”可知，歐洲易捷航空公司做出了一些預(yù)測(cè)，并發(fā)布了易捷2070——未來(lái)旅行報(bào)告，介紹其中一些很酷的想法。故選A。（八）（2023·遼寧營(yíng)口·中考真題）Recently,researchersinIsraelhavedoneanexperimentandfoundthatgoldfishareabletonavigate(導(dǎo)航)onlandafterreceivingaround10drivinglessons.TheexperimentwasperformedbyaresearchteamattheBen-GurionUniversity.Itwasmadetoseewhethergoldfishcouldfindtheirwayinaverydifferentenvironment.Researchersdevelopedaroboticcarthatcoulddriveforward,backwardandfromsidetoside.TheycalledthecarFOV—“FishOperatedVehicle”(魚(yú)驅(qū)動(dòng)車).AgoldfishwasplacedinsideawaterboxontheFOV.Usingasetofwheelswithacamerasystem,theFOVrecordedthefish’smovementsandswimmingdirections,andthenmovedinthesamedirection.Thescientistsworkedwithsixdifferentgoldfish.Theyplacedthecarinasmallroomwithapinktarget(目標(biāo))ononeside.Thefishwouldgetfoodwhenthecartouchedthetarget.Afterafewdaysoftraining,thefishnavigatedtothetarget.Atfirst,ittookthemabouthalfanhourtodrivetothetarget.Butbytheendoftheexperiment,theywereabletocompletethesametaskinlessthanaminute.ShacharGivon,oneoftheresearchers,said,“Asanyonewhohastriedtolearnhowtorideabikeortodriveacarknows,itischallengingatfirst.”Notonlydidthegoldfishshowthattheycoulddrivetothetarget,buttheyalsoweren’tfooledbyfalsetargetsofothercolors.Theywerealsoabletogetfreewhenthecarhitawall.Althoughthefishmaynothaverealizedtheyweremovingonland,theseresultsshowthatafishhastheabilitytonavigateoutsideitsnatureenvironmentofwater.Itcanenrichscientificknowledgeofanimals’navigationskills.33．Whatisthepurposeofthegoldfishexperiment?A．Toseeifgoldfishcouldtelldifferentcolors.B．Toseeifgoldfishcouldfindfoodandlivingplaces.C．Toseeifgoldfishcouldnavigateinadifferentenvironment.D．Toseeifgoldfishcouldrideabikeordriveacarlikehumans.34．WhatcanbelearnedabouttheFOV?A．Itwasplacedinsideawaterbox.B．Itcouldfollowthefish’smovements.C．Itwasdrivenbyacamerasystem.D．Itcouldcontrolthefish’sdirections.35．Thegoldfishwouldgetfoodaslongasthecar________.A．touchedthepinktargetB．movedinthesmallroomfreelyC．a(chǎn)voidedhittingawallD．touchedthetargetsofothercolors36．WhatcanwelearnfromShacharGivon’swords?A．Itwasimportantforthegoldfishtodriveacar.B．Itwasimpossibleforthegoldfishtonavigate.C．Itwasmeaninglessforthegoldfishtobetrainedatfirst.D．Itwashardforthegoldfishtoreachthetargetatthestart.37．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GoodUseofaRoboticCarB．AnExperimentonAnimalsC．Goldfish’sAbilitytoNavigateonLandD．Goldfish’sSkillstoDriveaCaronLand【答案】33．C34．B35．A36．D37．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹研究人員通過(guò)金魚(yú)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)動(dòng)物導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的可行性。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Recently,researchersinIsraelhavedoneanexperimentandfoundthatgoldfishareabletonavigateonland”可知，金魚(yú)在陸地上也具有導(dǎo)航能力，進(jìn)而可以推出研究人員開(kāi)展金魚(yú)實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是為了檢驗(yàn)金魚(yú)在不同的環(huán)境中是否仍具備導(dǎo)航能力。故選C。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theFOVrecordedthefish’smovementsandswimmingdirections,andthenmovedinthesamedirection”可知，魚(yú)驅(qū)動(dòng)車可以按魚(yú)移動(dòng)軌跡前進(jìn)。故選B。35．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thefishwouldgetfoodwhenthecartouchedthetarget.”可知，當(dāng)車觸碰到粉色目標(biāo)的時(shí)候可以得到食物。故選A。36．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Asanyonewhohastriedtolearnhowtorideabikeortodriveacarknows,itischallengingatfirst.”可知，任何試圖學(xué)習(xí)如何騎自行車或開(kāi)車的人都知道，一開(kāi)始是很有挑戰(zhàn)性的。由此可知，ShacharGivon想表達(dá)的是金魚(yú)很難在一開(kāi)始就到達(dá)目標(biāo)。故選D。37．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文，本文主要講述科研人員通過(guò)金魚(yú)實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)動(dòng)物導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)的可行性，選項(xiàng)C“金魚(yú)在陸地上的導(dǎo)航能力”最符合本文。故選C。（九）（2022·遼寧沈陽(yáng)·中考真題）Wouldyoutryfoodmadeofrubbish?WhenworldleadersgottogetherattheUNforameetingonclimate(氣候)change,theyhadaspeciallunch.Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.Therewasasaladmadeofvegetablescraps(剩菜葉).Theleadersalsohadhamburgersmadeoffruitleftoverfromjuicing.TheUNsaidthisremindedpeopleaboutfoodwasteandthebadinfluenceithasonclimatechange.“Foodwasteisnotoftennoticedinclimatechange,andthatisshamefulwhensomanypeopleareinhunger.”saidagovernmentsecretary.Mostpeopledon’tevenrealizehowmuchfoodtheythrowawayeveryday.Sometimestheycooktoomuchortheydon’tuseitintime.Everyyearmorethanone-thirdofallfoodproducedworldwidegoestowaste,accordingtotheUN.Stopthewaste,andthewholeworldcouldsave$300billionfromwastedfood.Moreimportantly,itcouldalsodolessharmtotheenvironment.Thinkaboutabagofcheese(奶酪).Beforewebuyitatthestore,peoplehavetoraisethecows,dealwiththemilk,anddrivetotheshoptosellthecheese.Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuel(燃料)andwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.TheUNsaidifwestopthrowinggoodfoodaway,wecouldcutdownupto17milliontonsofCO?.Thegoodofthatwouldbethesameastakingoneineveryfourcarsofftheroad.38．Whydidthewriterthinkthelunchwasspecial?A．Becausethevegetablesweremadeintojuice.B．Becausetheleadershadasaladandhamburgers.C．Becausefoodwascookedfromsomethingthrownaway.D．Becausethelunchwaspreparedwithdifferentfreshfruits.39．Whatdoesfoodwasteinfluenceatlast?A．Fuel. B．Cars. C．Cows. D．Climate.40．Whatcanyouinfer(推斷)fromthetext?A．Evensmallactionscanhelpmakeourworldbetter.B．Weshouldbuyabagofcheesefromthesupermarket.C．Mostpeoplehavealreadypaidattentiontofoodwaste.D．Savingfoodismoreimportantthandrivingcarslessoften.41．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?A．Cheese—Healthyforpeople B．Ameeting—TraditionalattheUNC．Foodwaste—Badfortheenvironment D．Greenhousegases—DangeroustotheEarth【答案】38．C39．D40．A41．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹目前的食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，呼吁我們節(jié)約糧食。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thefoodwasmadefromsomethingthatmostofuswouldthrowaway.”可知，這些食物是由我們大多數(shù)人會(huì)扔掉的東西制成的。故選C。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyouthrowthecheeseaway,youhavewastedenergy,fuelandwater,whichgiveoutgreenhousegasesthataddtoglobalwarming.”可知，如果你把奶酪扔掉，你就浪費(fèi)了能源、燃料和水，釋放出加劇全球變暖的溫室氣體。所以食物浪費(fèi)最后會(huì)影響氣候。故選D。40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，生活中我們煮的食物過(guò)多就會(huì)導(dǎo)致浪費(fèi)，如果我們不浪費(fèi)，除了減少食物浪費(fèi)外，還可以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的傷害。由此推知，即使是像不要煮過(guò)多食物這樣小的行為，也能讓我們的世界變得更美好。故選A。41．最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹目前的食物浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，呼吁我們節(jié)約糧食?！笆澄锢速M(fèi)——對(duì)環(huán)境有害”符合主題。故選C。（十）（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）①Otters(水獺)arecutewateranimals.Recently,therehasbeenatrend(趨勢(shì))ofkeepingthemaspets.InJapan,some“ottercafes”areopenforbusiness.Peoplecanpaytoplaywiththeottersthereandtotakephotoswiththem.InIndonesia,peoplegoswimmingwiththeirpetottersandtake“funny”videos.Thesephotosandvideospostedonlinehaveattractedmorepeopletobuyottersaspets.②However,thesephotosandvideosmaskthefactthattheonlinetradeisdoingharmtootters.Inthewild,babyottersusuallystaywiththeirmothersduringtheirfirstyearoflife.Accordingtoareport,70percentofotterssoldonlineareunderayearold.Thesebabyottershavebeenstolenfromtheirmothers.Whenthey’rekeptaspetsbyhumans,theydonotlivefull,naturallives.③Ottersareverysocial(群居的).Theyliveinfamilygroupsofuptofifteeninthewild.Keepinganotterasapetcanmakeitverysadandlonely.Theseanimalsalsoneedenoughspacetoswim.Theirowners’bathtubs(浴缸)orpoolsaremuchsmallerthanthebodiesofwaterinthewild.④Ontheotherhand,itisnotwisetokeepottersaspetsathome.Theyhaveaveryspecialfishysmell.Ifthey’rekeptindoors,theywillleavealotofdroppingsaroundthehouse.Thiswouldmakethesmellevenmoreunpleasant.Besides,whenottersareupset,theywillmakeloudnoisesandevenattack(攻擊)people.Ifapersonisbittenbyanotter,heorsheneedstogotothehospitali