2022高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)Module1自然環(huán)境自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)訓(xùn)練（含解析）選修8

自然環(huán)境、自然遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AInspireyourstudentswithaschooltriptoAntarctica,thedriest“desert”onearth!Sinceitisnolongerthefieldofjustscientistsandexplorers,weareofferingauniqueopportunityforyouandyourstudentstoexplorethegreatAntarcticregion.Undercarefullycontrolledconditions,youcandiscoverAntarcticextraordinarywildlifeandsceneryonavoyageintheworld’slasttruewilderness.Antarcticaoffersyourstudentsdifferentkindsofstudytopicsfromgeologyandplatetectonics(構(gòu)造學(xué))atDeceptionIslandtocoldenvironments.Asthefifthlargestcontinentintheworld,Antarcticacoversanareaofroughly14millionsquarekilometers,mostofwhichisblanketedbyavasticesheet,averaging2,000metersinthickness.Forhalfoftheyear,itliesindarkness.However,withthearrivalofitsshortsummer,thiscoldlandplayshosttosomeofthegreatestwildlifeonearth.Millionsofpairsofpenguins,andotherseabirdsliveintheregion.Fivespeciesofsealsareregularlyobservedhuntingforfoodonice.Orcas,humpback,whalesandsomeotherseaanimalsareoftenseenfeedingontheocean’srichpicking,addingtotheimpressivelistofmarinemammals.Thesummerclimateisoftensurprisinglymildwithtemperaturesabovefreezingandthelonghoursofdaylightmeanthatwildlifeviewingispossiblealmostanytime.Wewouldarguethatit’simpossibletodescribethesceneryofthiscontinentinasingleword,but“breathtaking”esclose!Thishugecontinentliesunderthesnowandicewhiledramaticmountainrangesarecutthroughbygreatglaciers,forminglotsofcoastalislands,inletsandwaterways.Thesearefilledwithice,bigofsmallglacierssoitisdifficulttogettoAntarcticabyship.Thesculpturedshapesandbeautifulcoloroftheblueoceansinspiretheimaginationandprovideperfectphotographicmoments.AnexpeditionvoyagetoAntarcticaisatripofalifetimeforstudentsandteachersalike.Pricesareavailableonrequest—startingfromapproximately4,500poundsperpersonincludingreturnflightsandvoyage.PleasecontactustofindoutmoreaboutthetraveltoAntarctica.Call01737218807.語篇解讀：本文是一則廣告，鼓勵學(xué)生參加南極洲旅行。1．NowAntarcticaisnotonlyalandofscientists,butalso.A．a(chǎn)placewherenolivingthingscanbeseenB．a(chǎn)fantasticcontinentallthestudentsareinterestedinC．a(chǎn)goodtopicforresearchinggeologyandplatetectonicsD．a(chǎn)nexcellentplaceforstudentstomakediscoveriesandexplorations解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Sinceitis...greatAntarcticregion.”可知，南極洲不再僅僅是科學(xué)家和探險(xiǎn)家去的地方，我們正在為你和你的學(xué)生們提供探索南極大陸的機(jī)會。故選D。2．Itispossibletoviewthewildlifeinsummeralmostanytimebecause.A．thewildanimalseoutonlyinsummerB．visitorscanviewtheanimalsmoreclearlyinsummerC．summerofferswarmweatherandlonghoursofdaylightD．wildanimalsneversleepduringthesummertime解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thesummerclimate...almostanytime.”可知，夏季氣候溫和，氣溫在零度以上，白天日照時(shí)間長意味著觀看野生動物在任何時(shí)候都是可能的。故選C。3．Whatdoestheauthorexpectthereaderstodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?A．TosavemoneyforthetriptoAntarctica.B．Tomakeabetterunderstandingofthepany.C．Togetintouchwitheachothertoorganizetheirtrip.D．TofindfurtherinformationaboutthetriptoAntarctica.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“PleasecontactustofindoutmoreaboutthetraveltoAntarctica.Call01737218807.”可知，作者期望讀者聯(lián)系他們得到更多的關(guān)于去南極洲旅行的信息，打01737218807咨詢。由此可知，選D。BAntarcticaisknownforbeingavastlandoficeandsnow,aplacetoocoldformostlife.Despitethis,thecontinentisslowlystartingtoturnwarm.AccordingtotheGuardian,theAntarctichasregisteredanewhightemperatureforthefirsttimeonrecord,causingfearsofclimateinstabilityintheworld’siciestplace.OnFebruary9,BrazilianresearchersatSeymourIslandreportedatemperatureof20.75℃ontheicycontinentofAntarctica.Itwasalmostafulldegreehigherthanthepreviousrecordof19.8Thisrecord-breakingreadingwastakenatamonitoringstationinthenorthernpartofAntarctica.AccordingtoBraziliansoilscientistCarlosSchaefer,thetemperaturewasdocumentedduringa20-year-longresearchproject.Thefocusofthisprojectistostudytheeffectthatclimatechangehasonthepermafrostwithintheregion.Permafrostissoilthatstaysfrozenforatleasttwoyears.AlthoughthisisafirstrecordhighforAntarctica,Schaeferstressedthat“Wecan’tusethistopredictclimaticchangesinthefuture.It’ssimplyasignalthatsomethingdifferentishappeninginthearea.”Butinfact,thelasthightemperaturereadingwasinthe19℃range.ThesehighertemperaturescancauseiceandglaciersinAntarcticregionstomelt.TheAntarcticpeninsula—thelongfingeroflandthatstretchestowardsArgentina—ismostdramaticallyaffected.Scientistssawglaciersthathaveretreatedbymorethan100metersinDiscoveryBayLikeAmericanwriterErnestHemingwayoncesaid，“TheEarthisafineplaceandworthfightingfor.”Weshoulddoeverythingwecantohelpsaveourplanet.Otherwise,itmaybeetoohotforustofix.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。南極測得有氣象記錄以來的最高溫，引發(fā)人們對于全球極寒之地氣候不穩(wěn)定的擔(dān)憂。4．WhatdidBrazilianresearchersreportonFebruary9?A．SignyB．Antarcticahitarecordhightemperatureof20.75℃C．TheaveragetemperatureofAntarcticarangesfrom19.8℃to20.75D．Antarctica’snewrecordtemperatureisafulldegreehigherthanthepreviousdecade.解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容可知，2月9日，巴西研究人員在處于嚴(yán)寒地帶的南極洲西摩島記錄下了20.75攝氏度的高溫。這比先前西格尼島1982年1月記錄的19.8攝氏度高了將近1攝氏度。故選C。5．What’sthemainpurposeofthe20-year-longresearchproject?A．Topredictpossibleclimaticchangeinthefuture.B．TomonitorAntarctica’scontributionstoworldclimatechange.C．Toexplainwhythepermafrostmaycauseglacierstomelt.D．Toexaminehowthepermafrostisinfluencedbyclimatechange.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thefocusofthisprojectistostudytheeffectthatclimatechangehasonthepermafrostwithintheregion.”可知，該項(xiàng)目的關(guān)注點(diǎn)在于研究氣候變化對于該地區(qū)永久凍土的影響。故選D。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retreated”inParagraph5probablymean?A．Movedforward. B．Increasedinsize.C．Coveredacertainarea. D．Gotsmaller.解析：選D詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，高溫天氣會導(dǎo)致南極洲地區(qū)的冰雪與冰川融化，所以此處指科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，探索灣的冰川已經(jīng)后退了100多米，地面的積雪用一周多的時(shí)間就化得裸露出深色的巖石。由此可知，此處指冰川減少了100多米。故選D。7．Accordingtothetext,themeltedglaciermayleadto.A．thepollutionofoceanwaterB．thereleaseofvariousvirusesC．threatstopenguinhabitatsD．disappearanceofcoastalcities解析：選C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Thismeltedice...onseaice.”可知，這些融化的冰雪會導(dǎo)致海平面上升，威脅沿海地區(qū)的安全。人們認(rèn)為，這也是依賴海冰的帽帶企鵝數(shù)量急劇下降超過50%的背后原因。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五Protectingtheenvironmentisreallychallenging,buttherearemeasuresthatyoucantaketohelppreservethenaturalworld.Participateinabeachorriverclean-up.Whenpeoplelitter,theirtrashoftenmakesitswaytoourlocalwaterways,destroyingthenaturalhomesofbirds,fishandothercreaturesinwater.1Plantnativetreesandshrubs.2Onceestablished,littleornoirrigationshouldbeneededformostwell-placednativeplants.Byplantingtreesandshrubsthatarenativetoyourarea,you’llbeworkingwiththelocalecosystemratherthanagainstit.Checkwithyourlocalnursery,orwithyourstate’scooperativeextensionagency,tolearnmoreabouttheparticularvarietiesofnativeplantsthatmightgrowwellinyourarea.3Conserveenergyinyourhomebyprovidingweatherstrippingandcaulkingallwindows,insulatingyourceilingsandfloors.Purchaseappliancesthatareenergy-efficient;lookforthe“EnergyStar”designation.Raiseawarenessofthreatstonature.Makesureyousharenewsaboutthethreatstotheenvironment,bothinsideandoutsideyourmunity.Followsocialmediacampaigns,andsharetheirposts.Considerjoininginralliesandprotestmarchesifyou’reable.4Eatloweronthefoodchain.Thismeanseatlessbeef(highonthefoodchain)andmorerootvegetables,andfruits.Smallerfish,beingloweronthefoodchain,areusuallybetterthanlargerfish.5Shiftingtoamoreplant-basedstyleofeatingwillslowthedeforestationthatmeatproductionrequires.A．Reducethecarbonfootprintofyourhome.B．Trytobuyfromlocalgrowerswheneverpossible.C．