重慶市萬(wàn)州區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)上學(xué)期10月月考試題含解析

Page26注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．Whatwillthemandotonight?A．HelpAnnecookdinner.B．HavedinneratAnne’shouse.C．LookafterAnne’sgrandmother.2．Whyisthemansurprisedbythewoman?A．Shestaysuplateeverynight.B．Shefinishedwatchingtheshowsoquickly.C．Shehasdifficultyunderstandingtheshow.3．Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A．Cutoutwine.B．Gotobedearly.C．Domorningexercise.4．Whatdoesthemanmean?A．Hehashadthesameshoes.B．Hedoesn’tliketheshoes.C．He’llaskforhiswife’sadvice.5．WhenwillFrankflytoNewYorktomorrow?A．At3:30pm.B．At7:00pm.C．At8:00pm.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第6和第7兩個(gè)小題。6．WhatdoesJamesthinkofhisnewjob?A．Ratherchallenging.B．Veryboring.C．Quiteeasy.7．Wherewillthespeakersflyakite?A．Inthepark.B．Intheparkinglot.C．Inthesquare.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第8至10三個(gè)小題。8．Whatisthepurposeofthemeeting?A．Todesignthebulletinboard.B．Todiscussanewadvertisingcampaign.C．Toarrangeadvertisementsonbusesandcars.9．Howmanytypesofoutdooradvertisingarementioned?A．Three.B．Two.C．One.10．Wherearethespeakers?A．Inanexhibitioncenter.B．Inanoffice.C．Inalab.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第11至第13三個(gè)小題。11．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Customerandbookseller.12．WhatdoweknowaboutVivian?A．Shecanreadbooksonherown.B．SheismuchyoungerthanBilly.C．Shedoesn’tloveprincessesatall.13．WhomightreadthebedtimestorytoBillyandVivian?A．ThemanB．Thewoman.C．Theman’sparents.聽下面一段對(duì)話，回答第14至第16三個(gè)小題。14．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Asceneryspot.B．Aholidayplan.C．Aswimmingtraining.15．HowwillthespeakersgototheFirstBathingBeach?A．Bybike.B．Byboat.C．Bybus.16．Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A．Getswimmingsuits.B．Bookahotelonline.C．Findaswimmingtrainer.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第17至第20四個(gè)小題。17．Whydoesthespeakergivethetalk?A．Tointroducehisprojectonspace.B．ToimaginewhatlifeislikeinspaceC．Totellpeopleaboutastronauts’dailylife.18．Whatdotheastronautsdofirsteveryday?A．Eatfood.B．Examinethesystems.C．Haveameeting.19．Whatdidthespeakerdoduringrecreationaltime?A．Helookedoutofthewindow.B．HelistenedtoCDs.C．Hereadbooks.20．Howdotheastronautsreducetheilleffects?A．Handlesomework.B．Talkwithfamilymembers.C．Takesomeexercise.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ASouthAfricaisthewater-lovers'paradise.Whetheryouwanttobebythesea,ontheseaorevenunderit,therearecountlesswaystogetyouroceanexperience.AlmostallofthemarelocatedonSouthAfrica'seastcoast,wheretheIndianOceankeepswaterwarm.Thompson'sBay,BallitoDrive40minutesnorthofDurbantoreachtheuniquecoastaltownofBallito.Popularwithholidaymakers,Ballitohasachoiceofprettybeaches—andthebestforswimmingisThompson'sBay.Thissceniccove（小海灣）isshelteredfromthewindandcharacterizedbyitscalmwaters,interestingrockyoutcropsandafascinatinggeologicalhole-in-the-wall.There'sawalledtidalpoolforthosewhoarenervoustoswimintheopenocean,makingthisspotaparticularlygoodchoiceforfamilies.UmhlangaRocks,DurbanLocateda20-minutedrivefromcentralDurban,theresorttownofUmhlangaisapropergetawayforpeoplewithgoodincomesandvisitorsintheknow(知內(nèi)情的).ThemainUmhlangaRocksbeachboastssafeswimmingwatersandendlessgoldensands,againprotectedbylifeguardsandsharknets.Apavedwalkwayprovidesdirectaccesstothetown'sbeachfrontshops,restaurantsandbars.GonubieBeach,EastLondonThecoastaltownofGonubieisseenbymanyasasuburbofEastLondon,oneofthelargestcitiesoftheEasternCape.Itspicture-perfectbeachoffersgreatswimmingareasintheopensea.TheGonubieRiverreachestheseaatthispoint,too,andoffersanotherbathingspotondayswhenthesurfintheseaisbiggerthanusual.Allalongtheriver'sgreenbanks,you'llfindaseriesofshadedspotsperfectforsummerpicnicsandbarbecues.Kelly’sBeach,PortAlfredFurthersouthontheSunshineCoast,thelaid-backtownofPortAlfredishometoKelly’sBeach,whichwasawardedBlueFlagstatusfor2017-2018.A400-meterstretchofpalebrownsand,thebeachanditswatersareexceptionallyclean.Twoviewingdeckscomeinhandyduringwhale-watchingseason,orforadmiringspectacularsunrisesandsunsets.1.IfyouareplanningafamilytriptoSouthAfrica,whichbeachsuitsyoubest?A.Thompson'sBay,Ballito. B.UmhlangaRocks,Durban.C.GonubieBeach.EastLondon D.Kelly'sBeach,PortAlfred.2.What'sspecialaboutUmhlangaRocksinDurban?A.Itisfreeforchildren. B.Itstargetcrowdistherich.C.Ithasawalledtidalpool. D.Ithaspalebrownsand.3.WhatcouldyoudowhenmeetingviolentwavesonGonubieBeach?A.Goswimmingintheopensea. B.Gobathingatanotherbathingspot.C.Gosurfingintheopensea. D.Gocampingbytheriverside.【答案】1.A2.B3.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了南非東海岸的三個(gè)可以獲得海洋體驗(yàn)的著名旅游景點(diǎn)的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Thompson'sBay,Ballito中的makingthisspotaparticularlygoodchoiceforfamilies.可知，對(duì)于家庭來(lái)說(shuō)，這是一個(gè)特別好的選擇。所以如果你打算和家人一起去南非旅行，湯普森灣，貝利托海灘最適合你。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由UmhlangaRocks,Durban中的theresorttownofUmhlangaisapropergetawayforpeoplewithgoodincome可知，旅游勝地烏姆蘭加是有富人的好去處。UmhlangaRocks,Durban的特別之處在于它的目標(biāo)人群是富人。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由GonubieBeach,EastLondon中的TheGonubieRiverreachestheseaatthispoint,too,andoffersanotherbathingspotondayswhenthesurfintheseaisbiggerthanusual.可知，戈努比河也在這里入海，在海浪比平時(shí)大的日子里，提供了另一個(gè)海水浴的地方。所以當(dāng)你在戈努比海灘遇到?jīng)坝康暮＠藭r(shí)，可以在另一個(gè)浴場(chǎng)進(jìn)行海水浴。故選B項(xiàng)。B“Anyoneknowssingleparentswhocan’taffordtogettheirchild’shairdoneforschool?Iwillbraid(編辮子)itforfree!”BrittanyStarkswroteonaFacebookpost.Shedecidedtoofferherhairbraidingservicesafterafamilyfrienddeliveredbackpacksfullofschoolsupplies,clothingandshoesforCaydenandCeniyahinearlyAugust.“Atthetime,Ididn’thaveanythingformykidstostartschool,”saidStarks,whoisinbetweenhomesandstayingwithhermother.“Itmeantsomuchtome.”TheunexpectedgiftmadeabigdifferencetoStarksandherchildren,anditmotivatedhertopayitforward.Starks,whoworkstworeceptionistjobs,alsobraidshairpart-time.“Thehair-braidingprocessinvolveswashing,blow-drying,andfinallydividingthehairintosmallsectionsandbraidingit.Italsorequiresmultiplesupplies—includingcombs,brushes,hairjamandadditionalpiecesofhairtoweavein.Itcostsanywherefrom$150to$400atasalon(美發(fā)廳),dependingonthestyle,”Stacksexplained.“Butitcanlastformonthsandisahugetimesaverinthemornings.”WhenshewrotetheFacebookpost,sheassumedonlyahandfulofpeoplewouldreachout,butbeforesheknewit,shehad35appointmentsbooked.HerFacebookinboxwassuddenlyfullofmessagesfromsingleparents,whosestoriesofhardshipandfinancialchallengesmirroredherown.“There’sahugeneedforthis.Icouldreallyrelatetoalotofthewomenwhoreachedout,anditmademerealizethatwhatIwasdoingwasreallyimportant,”saidStacks.“Whatgotmethemostwasseeingthekidssmile.”Giventhattherewaslessthantwoweeksbeforethestartofschool,Starksknewsheneededtoenlisthelp.4.WhatgotBrittanyStarkstoofferherhairbraidingservice?A.ApostonFacebook. B.Herfriend’stimelyhelp.C.Hermother’sadvice. D.Atriptoherkids’school.5.WhatdoesStarkssayabouthairbraiding?A.It’sabitdear. B.It’stime-wasting.C.It’saneasyjob. D.It’samother’sduty.6HowdoesStarksfeelabouttheresponsetoherFacebookpost?A.Ratherdisturbing. B.Beyondexpectation.C.Farfromsatisfactory. D.Verydisappointing.7.WhatcanweinferaboutBrittanyStarksfromthetext?A.Sheissinglewithonechild. B.Sheisambitiousandarbitrary.C.Sheisinneedofhelpinghands. D.Sheisfreefromfinancialworries.【答案】4.B5.A6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，講述了單親媽媽BrittanyStarks伸出援手，為那些支付不起孩子編頭發(fā)家庭的孩子免費(fèi)編辮子的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段關(guān)鍵句“Shedecidedtoofferherhairbraidingservicesafterafamilyfrienddeliveredbackpacksfullofschoolsupplies,clothingandshoesforCaydenandCeniyahinearlyAugust.“Atthetime,Ididn’thaveanythingformykidstostartschool,”saidStarks”（8月初，家里的一個(gè)朋友給凱登和塞尼亞送去了裝滿學(xué)習(xí)用品、衣服和鞋子的背包，之后她（斯塔克斯）就決定提供編辮子服務(wù)?！爱?dāng)時(shí)，我沒(méi)有任何東西供孩子上學(xué)，”斯塔克斯說(shuō)）和第三段“TheunexpectedgiftmadeabigdifferencetoStarksandherchildren,anditmotivatedhertopayitforward.”（這個(gè)意想不到的禮物對(duì)斯塔克斯和她的孩子們產(chǎn)生了巨大的影響，也激勵(lì)她把它傳遞下去。）可知，朋友的及時(shí)幫助讓BrittanyStarks開始她的編辮子服務(wù)。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段Starks的話“Thehair-braidingprocessinvolveswashing,blow-drying,andfinallydividingthehairintosmallsectionsandbraidingit.Italsorequiresmultiplesupplies—includingcombs,brushes,hairjamandadditionalpiecesofhairtoweavein.Itcostsanywherefrom$150to$400atasalon(美發(fā)廳),dependingonthestyle,”（編發(fā)過(guò)程包括清洗、吹干，最后將頭發(fā)分成小塊編發(fā)。它還需要多種用品，包括梳子、刷子、發(fā)卡和額外的頭發(fā)來(lái)編織。費(fèi)用從150美元到400美元沙龍(美發(fā)廳)，根據(jù)不同的風(fēng)格）可推知，編辮子并不是簡(jiǎn)單的事情，還有一點(diǎn)小貴。故選A項(xiàng)。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“WhenshewrotetheFacebookpost,sheassumedonlyahandfulofpeoplewouldreachout,butbeforesheknewit,shehad35appointmentsbooked.”（當(dāng)她在Facebook上發(fā)帖時(shí)，她以為只有少數(shù)人會(huì)聯(lián)系她，但在她知道之前，她已經(jīng)被預(yù)約了35次。）及“HerFacebookinboxwassuddenlyfullofmessagesfromsingleparents”（她的Facebook收件箱突然塞滿了來(lái)自單親父母的信息）可知，Starks認(rèn)為Facebook上的回應(yīng)出乎意料。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句“There’sahugeneedforthis.”（這有巨大的需求。）及“Giventhattherewaslessthantwoweeksbeforethestartofschool,Starksknewsheneededtoenlisthelp.”（考慮到離開學(xué)不到兩周的時(shí)間，斯塔克斯知道她需要尋求幫助。）可推知，Starks需要尋求幫助來(lái)進(jìn)行自己的服務(wù)。故選C項(xiàng)。CTimewas,beingcalled“nerd(書呆子)”wasabadthing.Thatishappilydifferentnow,saysSarahJane,directoratthePortAngelesFineArtsCenter,whichishometotheexhibit“Obsessed:TheArtofNerd-dom”throughMarch15.“IthinkthemajorityofmyfriendsarenerdierthanIam,”shesaid,“andImeanthatina‘myfriendsarecoolerthanIam’kindofway.”JanesaidtheriseoftheInternetcertainlyhelpedblossom,connectingpeoplewithcommoninterestsacrossgeographies.Now,it’salmostmainstream—exhibitionsofnerdculturefillconventionhalls,comicbooksuperheroesandsciencefictionstoriesarethefocusofblockbustermovies,andmore.“Ithasmadebeinganerdlessofanisolatingexperience,andmoreofacommunityexperiencebecauseyou’reconnectingwithotherpeoplewhohavethatsharedinterest,”shesaid.Holladay,theco-curator(副館長(zhǎng)),spokeupinameetingaboutwhatthecomingexhibitionseasonwouldlooklike.“IknewofanothernerdyexhibitionthathadhappenedinLArecently...andIjustthought‘youknow,Ibettherearenerdyartistsonthe(Olympic)PeninsulaandinWashingtonwhohavereallyqualitywork,wherethesubjectmattermightnotfitintomostexhibits’,”shesaid.Andshewasn’tsurprisedwhentheyreceivedplentyofrecommendations.“Mytheorywasthatnerdsareeverywhere,”shesaid.“OnceIgotintouchwiththerightpeople,everyonewascomingoutofthewoodwork.”Theexhibitfeaturescomicart,andthingslikePokemoncardsarrangedinacollage(拼貼畫).Oneworkinvitesviewerstoimaginetheuniquetalentsandabilitiestheyhaveassuperpowerstheybringtotheworld.Holladaysaystheevolutionoftheideaofnerdculturehasbeenpositiveoverthepastseveralyears.8.WhatisSarahJane’sattitudetowards“nerds”?A.Neutral. B.Critical. C.Appreciative. D.Uncaring.9.Whichofthefollowingcontributesmosttothepopularityofnerdculture?A.People’svaryingviewsofnerd.B.Movies’greatinfluenceuponpeople.C.Thesufferingspeoplehavegonethrough.D.TheInternetconnectingpeoplewithsharedinterests.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression“comingoutofthewoodwork”mean?A.Springingout. B.Gettingoutofthewoods.C.Rushingoutside. D.Expectinghighqualityofwork.11.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Theexhibitionshowshowbeinga“nerd”becomesgood.B.Thenerdcultureisalwaysevolvingpositively.C.Manyunusualexhibitionsarescheduled.D.Anotherdifferentcultureappearsrecently.【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了“書呆子”文化展覽的內(nèi)容?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thatishappilydifferentnow,saysSarahJane,directoratthePortAngelesFineArtsCenter,whichishometotheexhibit“Obsessed:TheArtofNerd-dom”throughMarch15.“IthinkthemajorityofmyfriendsarenerdierthanIam,”shesaid,“andImeanthatina‘myfriendsarecoolerthanIam’kindofway.”(現(xiàn)在情況有所不同了SarahJane說(shuō)，她是PortAngeles藝術(shù)中心的主任，這里是3月15日的“癡迷:宅男的藝術(shù)”展覽的所在地。“我認(rèn)為我的大多數(shù)朋友都比我書呆子，”她說(shuō)，“我的意思是‘我的朋友比我酷’的那種方式?！?”可知，SarahJane說(shuō)“我的大多數(shù)朋友都比我書呆子”，就像說(shuō)“我的朋友比我酷”的那種方式，這說(shuō)明SarahJane對(duì)于“呆子”的態(tài)度是欣賞的，故選C。【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“JanesaidtheriseoftheInternetcertainlyhelpedblossom,connectingpeoplewithcommoninterestsacrossgeographies.Now,it’salmostmainstream—exhibitionsofnerdculturefillconventionhalls,comicbooksuperheroesandsciencefictionstoriesarethefocusofblockbustermovies,andmore.(Jane表示，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興起肯定有助于開花結(jié)果，將不同地域具有共同利益的人們聯(lián)系在一起?，F(xiàn)在，它幾乎成了主流——書呆子文化的展覽充滿著會(huì)議廳，漫畫書中的超級(jí)英雄和科幻小說(shuō)故事成了轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的電影的焦點(diǎn)，等等。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將有共同興趣愛好的人們聯(lián)系在一起，這對(duì)書呆子文化的流行貢獻(xiàn)最大，故選D?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Andshewasn’tsurprisedwhentheyreceivedplentyofrecommendations.“Mytheorywasthatnerdsareeverywhere,”shesaid.(當(dāng)他們收到大量的推薦信時(shí)，她并不感到驚訝?！拔业睦碚撌?，書呆子無(wú)處不在,”她說(shuō)。)”可知，Jane收到大量的推薦信，書呆子無(wú)處不在，結(jié)合上文提到的，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)將有共同愛好的人們聯(lián)系在一起，所以一旦Jane與合適的人聯(lián)系，所有人就會(huì)出現(xiàn)，將自己的作品推薦給Jane，由此可知，畫線短語(yǔ)“comingoutofthewoodwork”意為“出現(xiàn)”，與A項(xiàng)“Springingout.(突然冒出)”符合，故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Thatishappilydifferentnow,saysSarahJane,directoratthePortAngelesFineArtsCenter,whichishometotheexhibit“Obsessed:TheArtofNerd-dom”throughMarch15.“IthinkthemajorityofmyfriendsarenerdierthanIam,”shesaid,“andImeanthatina‘myfriendsarecoolerthanIam’kindofway.”(現(xiàn)在情況有所不同了SarahJane說(shuō)，她是PortAngeles藝術(shù)中心的主任，這里是3月15日的“癡迷:宅男的藝術(shù)”展覽的所在地?！拔艺J(rèn)為我的大多數(shù)朋友都比我書呆子,”她說(shuō)，“我的意思是‘我的朋友比我酷’的那種方式。”)”和第三段中的“Now,it’salmostmainstream—exhibitionsofnerdculturefillconventionhalls,comicbooksuperheroesandsciencefictionstoriesarethefocusofblockbustermovies,andmore.(現(xiàn)在，它幾乎成了主流——書呆子文化的展覽充斥著會(huì)議廳，漫畫書中的超級(jí)英雄和科幻小說(shuō)故事成了轟動(dòng)一時(shí)的電影的焦點(diǎn)，等等。)”和最后一段“Theexhibitfeaturescomicart,andthingslikePokemoncardsarrangedinacollage(拼貼畫).Oneworkinvitesviewerstoimaginetheuniquetalentsandabilitiestheyhaveassuperpowerstheybringtotheworld.Holladaysaystheevolutionoftheideaofnerdculturehasbeenpositiveoverthepastseveralyears.(這次展覽以漫畫藝術(shù)為特色，還有像口袋妖怪卡片這樣的東西，被拼貼在一起。其中一部作品讓觀眾想象他們作為超級(jí)力量帶給世界的獨(dú)特才能和能力。Holladay說(shuō)書呆子文化的發(fā)展，在過(guò)去的幾年里是積極的。)”可知，文章主要講述了書呆子文化展覽的內(nèi)容，即展示了“書呆子”如何成為人們所欣賞的一種文化，故選A。DNewresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.Thestudyisthefirsttoanalysecircadianbloodpressurerhythms(節(jié)奏)infemalemice.Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod—contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.Inmosthealthyhumans,bloodpressuredips(下降)atnight.Peoplewhodonotexperiencethistemporarydrop,called“non-dippers”,aremorelikelytodevelopheartdisease.Thecircadianclockismadeupoffourmainproteins(encodedby“clockgenes”)thatregulateclosetohalfofallgenesinthebody,includingthoseimportantforbloodpressureregulation.Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.AresearchteamstudiedthecircadianresponseandbloodpressureoffemalemicethatlackPERIandcomparedthemwithahealthyfemalecontrolgroup.Onbothlow-andhigh-saltdiets,bothgroups“keptanapparentcircadianrhythm”ofbloodpressure,theresearchersexplained.Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPERIshowednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.TheseresultssuggestthatthelackofPER1actsdifferentlyinmalesandfemales.Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.“Thisstudyrepresentsanimportantstepinunderstandingsexdifferencesintheregulationofcardiovascular(心血管的)functionbythecircadianclock,”theresearcherswrote.12.Whatdoesthenewresearchfind?A.Biologicalclockmayprotectmalesfromheartdisease.B.Biologicalbloodpressurerhythmsinfemalemiceactnormally.C.Biologicalclockorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod.D.Agenecontrollingbiologicalclockworksdifferentlybetweensexes.13.Whatrolecancircadianclockplayaccordingtothetext?A.Helpingmalescureheartdisease.B.Helpingbloodpressurevarynormally.C.Contributingtoabnormalvariationsinbloodpressure.D.Makingupfourmainproteinsregulatingalmosthalfofallgenes.14.ThelackofPRRI______A.hasthesameimpactonmalesandfemalesB.makesnodifferencetomalesC.doesharmtomale’shealthD.ismorelikelytoaffectfemale’shealth15.Whatwouldbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.OneclockgeneisimportantB.WomenmaybenefitfrombodyclockC.NewstudyanalysesbloodpressurerhythmsD.Bloodpressureofhealthyhumansdipsatnight【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了控制人體生物鐘的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，女性可能受益于生物鐘?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological(circadian)clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害。）”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，控制生物鐘的基因?qū)τ谀行院团缘淖饔檬遣煌?。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thebody’scircadianclock-thebiologicalclockthatorganizesbodilyactivitiesovera24-hourperiod-contributestonormalvariationsinbloodpressureandheartfunctionoverthecourseoftheday.（人體晝夜節(jié)律的在24小時(shí)內(nèi)組織身體活動(dòng)的生物鐘有助于一天中血壓和心臟功能的正常變化。）”可知，生物鐘有助于血壓和心臟功能正常變化。故選B項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Previousresearchhasshownthatmalemicethataremissingoneofthefourclockgenes(PER1)becomenon-dippersandhaveahigherriskforheartandkidneydisease.（先前的研究表明，缺少四種生物鐘基因(PER1)中的一種的雄性老鼠變得不喜歡游泳，患心臟和腎臟疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。）”以及“Unlikethemalemiceinpreviousresearch,thefemaleswithoutPER1showednormaldipsinbloodpressureovernight.（與先前研究中的雄性小鼠不同，沒(méi)有PER1的雌性小鼠在一夜之間血壓正常下降。）可知，可知，缺乏PRRI對(duì)男性健康有害。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Newresearchsuggeststhatagenethatgovernsthebody’sbiological（circadian）clockactsdifferentlyinmalesversusfemalesandmayprotectfemalesfromheartdisease.（新的研究表明，控制人體生物鐘（晝夜節(jié)律）的基因在男性和女性中的作用不同，可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害。）”可知，生物鐘可能保護(hù)女性免受心臟病的侵害，以及最后一段“Thefindingsareconsistentwithresearchshowingthatwomenarelesslikelytobenon-dippersthanmenofthesameage.（研究表明，女性比同齡男性更不可能成為非杓型。）”可知，女性受到生物鐘的影響，心臟和腎臟疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能更低，所以“女性可能受益于生物鐘”可以作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Whetheryoucan’tgetmotivatedtocleanyourhouseoryoujustaren’tfeelingmotivatedtoloseweight,alackofmotivationcanbethebiggestobstacletoreachingyourgoals.Whenyouhavenomotivationtocompleteatask,considerthepossiblereasonswhyyou’restruggling._____16_____Performsomebehavioralexperimentstoseewhichstrategiesbesthelpyoureachyourgoals.ActasIfYouFeelMotivatedActasifyoufeltmotivated,andyouractionsmaychangeyouremotions._____17_____Considerwhatyou’dbewearing,howyou’dbethinking,andwhatactionsyou’dbetaking.Then,dothesethings,andseeifyourmotivationlevelincreases._____18_____Whenyou’restrugglingwithmotivation,you’lllikelycomeupwithalonglistofreasonswhyyoushouldn’ttakeanyaction.Youmightthink,“It’llbetoohard,”or,“I’llnevergetitdoneanyway.”Thesetypesofthoughtswillkeepyoustuck.Whenyouthinkyou’regoingtofail,thinkofallthereasonswhyyoumightsucceed.There’sachancethatthingsmightworkoutbetterthanyouexpect.ManageYourTo-DoListIt’stoughtofeelmotivatedwhenyourto-dolistisoverwhelming.Ifyoufeellikethere’snohopeingettingeverythingdone,youmightnottrytodoanything.Takealookatyourto-dolist,anddetermineifit’stoolong._____19_____Youmightfindaslightchangeinyourto-dolist.Orthewayyouviewyourto-dolistwillhelpyoutoseeyourtasksasmoremanageable.Everyonestruggleswithmotivationissuesatonetimeoranother.Carefullyconsidertheunderlyingthoughtsandfeelingsthatareaffectingyourdrive.Thewayyourespondtoyourlackofmotivationiswhatmatters,however._____20_____A.ArguetheOppositeB.Beproudofwhatyouarecapableof.C.Ifso,getridoftasksthataren’tessential.D.Then,developaplantohelpmotivateyourselftogetgoing.E.Wewilldiscusshowtostaymotivatedthroughoutyourstudies.F.Bekindtoyourself,andexperimentwithstrategiesthatmotivateyou.G.Soaskyourself,“WhatwouldIbedoingrightnowifIfeltmotivated?”【答案】16.D17.G18.A19.C20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。提供了一些應(yīng)對(duì)做事沒(méi)有動(dòng)力的方法。16題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Whenyouhavenomotivationtocompleteatask,considerthepossiblereasonswhyyou’restruggling.（當(dāng)你沒(méi)有動(dòng)力去完成一項(xiàng)任務(wù)時(shí)，考慮一下你為什么掙扎的可能原因。）”可知，這里建議先找到?jīng)]有動(dòng)力完成任務(wù)的原因，下一步再采取措施。故D項(xiàng)“Then,developaplantohelpmotivateyourselftogetgoing.（然后，制定一個(gè)計(jì)劃來(lái)激勵(lì)自己開始行動(dòng)。）”符合語(yǔ)境。then起到順承的作用。故選D?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Actasifyoufeltmotivated,andyouractionsmaychangeyouremotions.（表現(xiàn)得好像你有動(dòng)力一樣，你的行為可能會(huì)改變你的情緒。）”可知，這里建議開始表現(xiàn)自己有動(dòng)力做事，能有積極的效果。以及空后“Considerwhatyou’dbewearing,howyou’dbethinking,andwhatactionsyou’dbetaking.Then,dothesethings,andseeifyourmotivationlevelincreases.（考慮一下你會(huì)穿什么，你會(huì)怎么想，你會(huì)采取什么行動(dòng)。然后，做這些事情，看看你的動(dòng)力水平是否提高了。）”，可知，這里回答了空白處的設(shè)問(wèn)。故G項(xiàng)“Soaskyourself,“WhatwouldIbedoingrightnowifIfeltmotivated?”（所以問(wèn)問(wèn)你自己，“如果我感到有動(dòng)力，我現(xiàn)在會(huì)做什么?”）”符合語(yǔ)境，是對(duì)下文的提問(wèn)。故選G?！?8題詳解】空白處位于小標(biāo)題位置，簡(jiǎn)潔明了，根據(jù)下文“Whenyouthinkyou’regoingtofail,thinkofallthereasonswhyyoumightsucceed.（當(dāng)你覺得自己要失敗的時(shí)候，想想所有你可能成功的原因。）”可知，這里建議我們從相反的角度考慮。故A項(xiàng)“ArguetheOpposite（相反的觀點(diǎn)）”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Takealookatyourto-dolist,anddetermineifit’stoolong.（看看你的任務(wù)清單，確定它是否太長(zhǎng)了。）”可知，這里建議看看自己的任務(wù)清單是否太長(zhǎng)，所以要?jiǎng)h掉不重要的任務(wù)。故C項(xiàng)“Ifso,getridoftasksthataren’tessential.（如果是這樣，就把那些不重要的任務(wù)丟掉。）”符合語(yǔ)境。ifso指代的是清單過(guò)長(zhǎng)。故選C?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Everyonestruggleswithmotivationissuesatonetimeoranother.Carefullyconsidertheunderlyingthoughtsandfeelingsthatareaffectingyourdrive.Thewayyourespondtoyourlackofmotivationiswhatmatters,however.（每個(gè)人都或多或少會(huì)遇到動(dòng)力問(wèn)題。仔細(xì)考慮影響你動(dòng)力的潛在想法和感受。然而，你應(yīng)對(duì)缺乏動(dòng)力的方式才是最重要的。）”可知，這里建議最重要的是應(yīng)對(duì)缺乏動(dòng)力采取什么方式。故F項(xiàng)“Bekindtoyourself,andexperimentwithstrategiesthatmotivateyou.（善待自己，嘗試一些能激勵(lì)自己的策略。）”符合語(yǔ)境。提出了應(yīng)對(duì)缺乏動(dòng)力可以嘗試激勵(lì)策略。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15分，每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳答案。LastMonday,toprepareapicnic,Idecidedtogointoasuperstorewhichwasonmywayhome.Iparkedmycarinthebigparkinglotandwentintothesuperstore.Itwasahugeone,___21___onto2storiesand200,000+squarefeet.After45minutesofshoppingtojustgetsometomatoes,cheeseand3toothpicks,Iarrivedatthecashierline,thoughtfulandabit___22___bythetimeIspenttoget3___23___.IwonderedwhyIdidnotgotoasmalllocalstore.After15minutesofwaitingintheline,thewomaninfrontofmecalledme,“Hey...youhaveonly3articles?Comeandtakemy___24___.Ihavewaymorearticlesthanyou!”Itwasn’tthefirsttimeithappenedtome.Butherintentionwas___25___,aswellaswashersmile(shedidnotwearanymask,soIcouldseeit).Notknowingwhatelsetodo,Iacceptedher___26___.Wechattedabitwaitingforthecustomersaheadofustofinish—shewasincredibly___27___.ThenIthankedher,givingherbackmybrightestsmile(althoughIwaswearingamask...).___28___mycar,Irethoughtaboutthatgoodmoment,andrealizedthatshe___29___myday.Inthemeantime,Iwonderedhowto___30___itbacktoher.No___31___itwasquiteimpossible,soIconsideredhowtopayitforwardtosomeoneelse.Whiledriving,Irealizedthatshesavedme10minutes.And___32___Iwasdrivingat70mph,Ireducedmyspeedto55mph.Myfuel___33___dramaticallydroppeddownby35%.___34___,Irelostpartofthe10minutesthatthewomanofferedme,butitwasawayto___35___heranddoasmallthingfortheenvironment.21.A.spreading B.covering C.turning D.taking22.A.embarrassed B.delighted C.discouraged D.contented23.A.foods B.copies C.passages D.articles24.A.seat B.place C.advice D.chance25.A.awkward B.fancy C.irresistible D.familiar26.A.standing B.offering C.suffering D.talking27.A.pleasant B.reliable C.confident D.powerful28.A.Gettingoff B.Gettingthrough C.Gettingawayfrom D.Gettingbackin29.A.ruined B.satisfied C.made D.filled30.A.answer B.give C.bring D.hold31.A.doubt B.wonder C.need D.sense32.A.after B.once C.since D.while33.A.devotion B.assumption C.consumption D.description34.A.Unexpectedly B.Admittedly C.Surprisedly D.Disappointedly35.A.recall B.help C.appreciate D.repay【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.C26.B27.A28.D29.C30.B31.A32.D33.C34.B35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。作者在超市結(jié)賬時(shí)，一位女士主動(dòng)讓作者先結(jié)賬，這讓作者很開心，所以作者想著怎樣回報(bào)她。最后，作者為環(huán)境做了點(diǎn)小事，作為回報(bào)那位女士的方式。【21題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這是一個(gè)巨大的超市，延伸到2層樓，20萬(wàn)平方英尺。A.spreading延伸；B.covering占（一片面積）；C.turning轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)；D.taking獲取。根據(jù)空格后的“onto2stories”可知，這家超市一定是從一樓延伸到二樓。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我花了45分鐘購(gòu)物，只買了一些西紅柿、奶酪和3根牙簽。當(dāng)我來(lái)到收銀臺(tái)時(shí)，我想了想，又為自己花在買東西上的時(shí)間感到有點(diǎn)氣餒。A.embarrassed尷尬；B.delighted高興的；C.discouraged氣餒的；D.contented知足的。根據(jù)空格后的“bythetimeIspent

”和下一句“IwonderedwhyIdidnotgotoasmalllocalstore.”可知，作者對(duì)在大超市花那么多時(shí)間買這些東西感到氣餒。故選C項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我花了45分鐘購(gòu)物，只買了一些西紅柿、奶酪和3根牙簽。當(dāng)我來(lái)到收銀臺(tái)時(shí)，我想了想，又為自己花在買東西上的時(shí)間感到有點(diǎn)氣餒。A.foods食品；B.copies副本；C.passages通道；D.articles物件。根據(jù)下一段中的“Hey...youhaveonly3articles?

”可知，此處應(yīng)該用articles，指的是作者買的三樣?xùn)|西。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：來(lái)接替我的位置。A.seat座椅；B.place位置；C.advice建議；D.chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)句意和空格前的動(dòng)詞take可知，此處是考查固定短語(yǔ)takeone’splace（代替某人）。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但她的意圖是不可抗拒的，她的微笑也是不可抗拒的(她沒(méi)有戴任何面具，所以我能看到)。A.awkward尷尬的；B.fancy太花哨的；C.irresistible不可抗拒的；D.familiar熟悉的。根據(jù)下一句“Notknowingwhatelsetodo,Iacceptedher6.”可知，作者認(rèn)為他是無(wú)法抵抗這位女士的提議的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道還能做什么，只好接受了她的提議。A.standing站立；B.offering主動(dòng)提出；C.suffering受折磨；D.talking說(shuō)話。根據(jù)上一段的句子“Come