2024屆湖南省益陽市高三下學期三?？荚囉⒄Z試題（含答案解析）

益陽市2024屆高三4月教學質(zhì)量檢測英語(全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘)第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whatarethespeakersdoingnow?A.Discussingapainting.B.Admiringaview.C.Doingabreathexercise.2.Wherearethespeakersmostprobably?A.Inarestaurant.B.Ontheplane.C.Intheclassroom.3.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthewoman?A.Shelookssopretty.B.Sheisalittlelazy.C.Sheistoonervous.4.Whatdoesthemanintendtodo?A.Startanewjob.B.Builduphisvocabulary.C.Finishapracticebook.5.InwhichcountryisitOKtoshowuplate?A.Italy.B.Switzerland.C.Germany.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.WhatisthefictionAnotherRealityabout?A.Kids’discovery.B.Arespectfulscientist.C.Spacetravel.7.Whatistheauthorfamousfor?A.Humorouslanguage.B.Complexideas.C.Movingstories.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthematterwiththecar?A.Itismakinganoise.B.Itisrunningoutofgas.C.Itsradiodoesn’twork.9.Whydidthemansuggeststoppingatthegasstation?A.Torefuelthecar.B.Toaskfordirections.C.Tocheckhiscar.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatintereststhemanmost?A.Chinesehistory.B.Chineseopera.C.Chinesemusic.11.WhydoesthemanlearnChinesepoetryandnovels?A.Todevelopanewinterest.B.Totakepartinacompetition.C.Togetabetterunderstanding.12.WhatimpressesthemanaboutChineseliterature?A.Imagination.B.Language.C.Development.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutplayingagame?A.Stressed.B.Curious.C.Relaxed.14.Whatsportdoesthewomanmostliketowatch?A.Football.B.Basketball.C.Icehockey.15.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?A.Dosomesports.B.Watchmorematches.C.Makenewfriends.16.Whydoesthemansuggestjoiningagym?A.Itiseasiertostart.B.Itneedsmoreskills.C.Itiscompetitive.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakermostprobably?A.Adoctor.B.Anengineer.C.Aguide.18.Whatfeelspainifonehasaheadache?A.Themuscle.B.Theblood.C.Thebrain.19.Howmuchoftheenergydoesthebrainoftenneedtosupportakid’sgrowth?A.About3%.B.Lessthan30%.C.Nearly50%.20.Whycansomeblindpeople“see”throughtheirears?A.Theirbraincanchangeeyesintoears.B.Theirbraincanrewireitselfforsounds.C.Theirbraincanhelpearstogetsimpleimages.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ASpainisacountrythatcontinuestosurpriseandletustellyouit’snotallsunbathingandshopping!We’reoutliningourtop3reasonstodiscoverSpainalongwithourholidaysuggestionstohelpyoumakeupyourmind.StunningsceneryFromthedramatic,imposingmountainstothecountlessglisteningbeachesthatdotitscoastlines,Spainisacountryfullofnaturalbeautyandinspiringlandscapes.Ifbreath-takingviewsanduniquescenerycapturesyourattentionthenourtopsuggestionistoexperienceaholidaytoTenerifewhereyoucanenjoytheinspiringitsvolcanicviewsandpanoramicscenery.ThelargestoftheCanaryIslands,justsouthofSpain,Tenerifehasarugged,volcaniclandscapeaswellasover200milesofcoastlineboastingahugevarietyoffloraandfauna.BeautifulbeachesDidyouknowthatSpainhasover5,000milesofcoastlineandthousandsofbeaches?Whereveryougo,youareneverfarfromabeach.Fromundiscovered,hiddenalcovestopopulartouristresorts,there’sabeachforeveryoneandwithover300daysofsunshineeachyearyou’reguaranteedtheweathertoenjoythem!Thisbeautifulcountryalsohasthemostblueflagbeachesintheworldsonowyou’venoexcuse!Withthousandsofbeachestochoosefrom,wherewillyougo?FabulousfoodFormanypeople,oneofthehighlightsofSpainis,ofcourse,theamazingfoodonoffer.Thecountry’svibrantcitiesofferupMichelin-starredrestaurantsandlivelytapasbars,whilesmall-towncafésandrestaurantsofferuptraditionaldishessuchaspaella,seafoodstew,andchorizo,madewithlovefromfamilyrecipes.Spanishcuisineisknownforbeingdelicious,healthy,andfullofflavour,sotherearemanyuniquedishesavailablethatwilltemptyourtastebuds.Ifwe’vemadeyouhungry,thenyoushouldtakeaholidaytoCostaBrava,aSpanishfoodiedestinationthatshouldnotbemissed!1.WhatisthetopsuggestionforexperiencingstunningsceneryinSpain?A.ThebeachesofCostaBrava.B.Themountainsinthenorthernregion.C.AholidaytoTenerife.D.Thehiddenalcovesalongthecoastline.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTthespecialtyinSpain?A.Conventionalcuisinesandtrendybars.B.Volcanicviewsandcountlesscoastlines.C.Sufficientsunshineandstrikingbeaches.D.Marinecreaturesandmouthwateringseafood.3.Whatpurposedoestheauthorwritethepassagefor?A.Toinform. B.Toreport. C.Toreview. D.Toentertain.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。介紹了去西班牙旅行的三個理由?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Ifbreath-takingviewsanduniquescenerycapturesyourattentionthenourtopsuggestionistoexperienceaholidaytoTenerifewhereyoucanenjoytheinspiringitsvolcanicviewsandpanoramicscenery.(如果令人屏息的美景和獨特的風景能吸引您的注意，那么我們的頂級推薦是去體驗一次特內(nèi)里費島的假期，在那里您可以欣賞到令人振奮的火山景觀和全景風光。)”可知，在西班牙欣賞壯麗風景的最佳建議是前往特內(nèi)里費度假，故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Formanypeople,oneofthehighlightsofSpainis,ofcourse,theamazingfoodonoffer.Thecountry’svibrantcitiesofferupMichelin-starredrestaurantsandlivelytapasbars,whilesmall-towncafésandrestaurantsofferuptraditionaldishessuchaspaella,seafoodstew,andchorizo,madewithlovefromfamilyrecipes.(對許多人來說，西班牙的亮點之一當然是提供的令人驚嘆的食物。這個國家充滿活力的城市提供米其林星級餐廳和熱鬧的小吃吧，而小城鎮(zhèn)的咖啡館和餐館提供傳統(tǒng)的菜肴，如海鮮飯，海鮮燉菜和西班牙辣香腸，用家庭食譜的愛制作)”及上文內(nèi)容可知，文章提到了海鮮，但是沒有提到海洋生物是西班牙的特產(chǎn)。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Spainisacountrythatcontinuestosurpriseandletustellyouit’snotallsunbathingandshopping!We’reoutliningourtop3reasonstodiscoverSpainalongwithourholidaysuggestionstohelpyoumakeupyourmind(西班牙是一個不斷帶來驚喜的國家，讓我們告訴你，這里不僅僅是曬太陽和購物！我們將列出發(fā)現(xiàn)西班牙的前三個理由，并提供我們的假期建議，幫助你做出決定)”可知本文介紹了去西班牙旅行的三個理由，可推理出本文的寫作目的是要告知讀者關于西班牙旅行的信息，故選A。BCollegeprofessorsthesedaysfaceanever-higherbartograbtheattentionoftheirstudents,forcedtocompetewiththestimuliofsmartphonesandlaptopsinlargelecturehalls.Butwhenyourprofessorisasocialmediastar,it’salittlebiteasier.TatianaErukhimova,whoteachesphysicsatTexasA&MUniversity,hasmanagedtogetherstudents,aswellasfuturegenerations,excitedaboutthescience.Knownas“Dr.Tatiana”toherstudentsandonlinefanbase,theprofessorperformsphysicstrickswithboundlessenergyandenthusiasm.VideosofhertheatricaldemonstrationshaverackeduphundredsofmillionsofviewsacrossTikTokandothersocialmediaplatforms.Inthekid-friendlyvideos,Erukhimovausesarangeofeverydayobjectsinherexperiments,frompingpongballsandtoiletpapertomarshmallows,bicyclewheelsandhairdryers.Shecreditstheuniversitymarketingteam’svideosofherlessonsforhersocialmediasuccess.“Thisisjustoneofourwaystoconnectwithpeopletomakephysicsaccessibletopeople,”shetellsNPR.Aspartofthephysicsdepartment’sextensiveoutreachprogram,shealsoputsonshowsalmosteveryweekteachingphysicstoK-12students.“Thesoonerkidsaretaughtphysicsandtaughtitwell,thebetter,”shesays.It’sclearsheknowswhatittakestogetyoungpeopleexcitedaboutahardscience.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassesalmosttwodecadesago,shesaysshestruggledtograbtheattentionofheryoungerstudents.Shewasusedtoteachingjuniors,asshehadforafewyearspriortothat.Butwhenitcomestoteachingalargelecturehallof100-plusfirst-yearstudents,firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.“Ididnotgrabtheirattentiononthefirstday—thatwasmymistake,”shesays.“Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginning,andthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.”Bythesecondsemester,shefoundherfooting,tweakingherapproachtomakeherlecturehallsfeelsmaller,andgetherstudentsengaged.Thekey,shesays,hasbeentomakeherselfapproachableandherinstructionpersonal.4.Whatisthemainchallengefacedbycollegeprofessorsinlargelecturehalls?A.Competitionwithsmartphonesandlaptops.B.Limitedresourcesfor·teachingmaterials.C.Inadequatesupportfromtheuniversity.D.Lackofinterestfromstudents.5.WhatroledoestheuniversitymarketingteamplayinTatianaErukhimova’ssocialmediasuccess?A.Encouragingstudentstousesocialmedia.BCreatingTikTokaccountsforprofessors.C.Producingvideosofherphysicslessons.D.Promotingweeklyteachingprogram.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningErukhimova’sjuniorstudentsinParagraph4?A.Toreviewherteachingplans.B.Toshowanapplicationofheridea.C.Tohighlightthedifferencesofteaching.DToerasedoubtsaboutherapproaches.7.WhatlessondidTatianaErukhimovalearnwhensheinitiallystartedteachingcollegefreshman?A.Theimportanceofestablishingapersonalconnectionwithstudents.B.Thesignificanceoffocusingonjunior-levelstudents.C.Theeffectivenessoftraditionalteachingmethods.D.Theneedforadvancedteachingmaterials.【答案】4.A5.C6.C7.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了大學物理教授TatianaEnukhimova通過社交媒體激發(fā)學生對科學的熱情，強調(diào)教學的親和力與個性化?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Collegeprofessorsthesedaysfaceanever-higherbartograbtheattentionoftheirstudents,forcedtocompetewiththestimuliofsmartphonesandlaptopsinlargelecturehalls.(如今，大學教授在吸引學生注意力方面面臨著越來越高的門檻，他們被迫在大型演講廳與智能手機和筆記本電腦的刺激競爭。)”可知，大學教授在大型演講廳面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)是與智能手機和筆記本電腦的競爭。故選A?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Shecreditstheuniversitymarketingteam’svideosofherlessonsforhersocialmediasuccess.(她將自己在社交媒體上的成功歸功于大學營銷團隊的課程視頻。)”可知，她把她社交媒體的成功歸功于大學營銷團隊對于她課程視頻的錄制。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“It’sclearsheknowswhatittakestogetyoungpeopleexcitedaboutahardscience.Butitwasn’talwaysthatway.Whenshefirststartedteachingcollegefreshmanclassesalmosttwodecadesago,shesaysshestruggledtograbtheattentionofheryoungerstudents.Shewasusedtoteachingjuniors,asshehadforafewyearspriortothat.Butwhenitcomestoteachingalargelecturehallof100-plusfirst-yearstudents,firstimpressionsaremakeorbreak.(很明顯，她知道如何讓年輕人對一門困難的科學感到興奮。但事實并非總是如此。她說，大約20年前，當她第一次開始教授大學新生時，她很難吸引年輕學生的注意力。在那之前的幾年里，她一直習慣于教大三學生。但當談到在一個由100多名一年級學生組成的大型演講廳教學時，第一印象是成敗攸關的。)”可推知，作者在第四段中提到Erukhimova的低年級學生的目的是突出教學的差異。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Imissedthisopportunitytobondwiththemfromtheverybeginningandthenittookmeawhiletofindmyvoice.(我從一開始就錯過了與他們建立聯(lián)系的機會，后來我花了一段時間才找到自己的聲音。)”可推知，TatianaErukhimova剛開始教大學新生時，她學到了與學生建立個人聯(lián)系的重要性。故選A。CTheoilandgasindustrymaybeemittingaboutthree-timestheamountofclimate-warmingmethanethangovernmentestimatesshow,accordingtoanewstudyfromStanfordUniversity,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandotherorganizationsinNature.Methane(甲烷)isthemaincomponentofnaturalgasandamongthegreenhousegasesheatingtheplanet,whichisproducedwhenextractingcrudeoil.Specificmeasurementsvariedfromalowoflessthan1%,oraboutwhattheEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyestimates,atasiteinPennsylvaniatoahighofnearly10%inNewMexico.Researchersfoundthehigherpercentagesofmethanereleasedgenerallyhadsomethingincommon.“Theseareplaceswhereproductionismostlyfocusingonoil,”saysEvanSherwin,aresearchscientistatLawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratorywhoconductedtheresearchasapostdoctoralresearcheratStanfordUniversity.Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.InPennsylvania,bycontrast,drillersarefocusedonproducingnaturalgas,andthere,verylittleofthemethanewaswasted.Thatcomplicatesanargumentmanyintheindustryhavemade,generallyinoppositiontotightergovernmentregulationsonmethane.Theysaydrillershavetheincentivetocapturegasleakssotheycansellthefossilfuel.Butthat’snotalwayspossible,ifindustryhasn’tbuiltthepipelinesandotherinfrastructuretogetthegastoconsumers.Inthisstudy,researchersestimatetheindustryreleasesabout6.2milliontonsofmethaneayear,valuedat$1.08billion.“Emissionsofmethanefromfossilfueloperationsremainunacceptablyhigh,”saidTimGould,chiefeconomistattheInternationalEnergyAgency,duringaTuesdaycallwithreporters.Theorganization’sGlobalMethaneTrackershowsmethanefromtheenergysectorwasneartherecordhighlevelin2023.Despitethat,theIEAconcludesthatifcountriesfullyimplementexistingpledgesonmethanereductions,thatwouldmakesignificantprogresstowardachievingglobalclimategoals.“2024couldmarkaturningpointandpoliciesarestartingtobeputintoplace.Greatertransparencyiscoming.Awarenessisspreadingandwehaveenhancedabilitytotracklargeleaksandactquicklytoshutthemdown,”Gouldsaid.Gouldsaidhehopestohavegoodnewstoshare,aboutareductioninmethaneemissions,nextyear.8.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph2?A.Variousmeasuresaretakentorestrictthereleaseofmethane.B.Thelowvalueofthegasinpartleadstothehighleakofthemethane.C.Themorefocusedontheproductionofthegas,thehigherthemethanereleaseD.Thepercentageofmethaneindevelopingcountriesishigherthanindevelopedcountries9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“incentive”inparagraph3mean?A.Equipment. B.Productivity. C.Drive. D.Assessment.10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Caution:Methaneemissiongivesrisetoseriousglobalwarming.B.Methaneemissions:Oilandgasindustry’shiddenimpact.C.Measurestakentocutbackonmethaneemissions.D.Methaneistoblamefortheclimatechange.11.WhatisTimGould’sattitudetowardemissionsofmethaneatpresent?A.Critical. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Optimistic.【答案】8.B9.C10.B11.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要介紹了甲烷氣體的泄露及采取應對措施的迫切性?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.(但石油和天然氣往往是一起開采出來的，如果沒有辦法將價值較低的天然氣運輸?shù)娇梢猿鍪鄣牡胤?，泄漏就會更?”可知，天然氣的低價值導致甲烷的高泄漏。故選B?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Thatcomplicatesanargumentmanyintheindustryhavemade,generallyinoppositiontotightergovernmentregulationsonmethane.Theysaydrillershavetheincentivetocapturegasleakssotheycansellthefossilfuel.Butthat’snotalwayspossible,ifindustryhasn’tbuiltthepipelinesandotherinfrastructuretogetthegastoconsumers.(這使許多業(yè)內(nèi)人士提出的論點變得復雜，他們普遍反對政府對甲烷的更嚴格監(jiān)管。他們說，鉆井商有incentive捕獲天然氣泄漏，以便出售化石燃料。但如果工業(yè)界沒有建造管道和其他基礎設施將天然氣輸送給消費者，這并不總是可能的)”可知，如果政府監(jiān)管不那么嚴格的話，鉆井商可以出售化石燃料來賣錢，所以他們是有動機來捕獲天然氣泄漏的。所以，incentive的意思應該是“動機”，和選項C意思一致。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Theoilandgasindustrymaybeemittingaboutthree-timestheamountofclimate-warmingmethanethangovernmentestimatesshow,accordingtoanewstudyfromStanfordUniversity,LawrenceBerkeleyNationalLaboratoryandotherorganizationsinNature.(根據(jù)斯坦福大學、勞倫斯伯克利國家實驗室和《自然》雜志其他組織的一項新研究，石油和天然氣行業(yè)排放的甲烷量可能是政府估計的氣候變暖甲烷量的三倍)”和第二段“Butoilandgasoftencomeoutofthegroundtogether,andiftherewasn’tawaytotransporttheless-valuablegastowhereitcouldbesold,leakswerehigher.(但石油和天然氣往往是一起開采出來的，如果沒有辦法將價值較低的天然氣運輸?shù)娇梢猿鍪鄣牡胤?，泄漏就會更?”可知，文章主要講述的是石油和天然氣的開采帶來的甲烷泄露問題，所以“甲烷排放：石油和天然氣行業(yè)的隱性影響?！边m合作為文章標題。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““2024couldmarkaturningpointandpoliciesarestartingtobeputintoplace.Greatertransparencyiscoming.Awarenessisspreadingandwehaveenhancedabilitytotracklargeleaksandactquicklytoshutthemdown,”Gouldsaid.Gouldsaidhehopestohavegoodnewstoshare,aboutareductioninmethaneemissions,nextyear.(古爾德說：“2024年可能標志著一個轉(zhuǎn)折點，政策開始實施。更大的透明度即將到來。人們的意識正在傳播，我們已經(jīng)增強了追蹤大規(guī)模泄漏并迅速采取行動關閉泄漏的能力。”。古爾德說，他希望明年能分享減少甲烷排放的好消息)”可知，TimGould對甲烷排放問題是持樂觀態(tài)度的。故選D。DCrossingpathswithawildboar(野豬)canposefearandjoyinequalmeasure.Despite700yearsofextinctioninBritain,thespecies’owntenacityandillegalreleasesfromthe1980shavenowledtoseveralpopulationsemerging.However,withimpactsonbothpeopleandthecountryside,theirrighttoexistinBritainisheavilydebated.However,theboar’shabitat-regeneratingactionsthatbenefitotherwildlife,eveniftheyareunlovedbymany.ThefewboarinEnglandarethreatenedagainbypoachingandculling.Whyismorenotbeingdonetopreventtheirre-extinction?Naturalist,writerandsciencecommunicatorChantalLyonsaddressesallthesecomplexissuesandexplainswhatitmighttakeforustocoexistwithwildboarinhernewbook,Groundbreakers:TheReturnofBritain’sWildBoar.Inthisextract,sheexplainsthehistoryofthewildboarinBritain.MostofthelastmillenniumwasnotkindtothewildboarofEurope.Buttheyenduredwhensomanyotherlargeanimalsdidnot,andtheirstarisascendantoncemore.Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.Ifnotintentional.There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.Morefarmssprungup,buyinginanimalsfromtheContinent,wheretheyhadneverbeenextinctandthefarmingofthemwasalreadylongestablished.Bytheearly1990stherewere40registeredbreedersintheUK.Despitethousandsofyearsoftrying,oneofthequalitiesthathasprovenmostchallengingtobreedoutofthefarmedpigisescapology.Life,asacertainfictionalmathematicianoncesaid,findsaway.Ourwoodlandshadbeenwaitingfornearly700years.Answeringwhatevercallwassoundingintheirbrains,wildboarbegantoescapefromthefarms.Or,insomecases,seemtohavebeenvariouslyhelpedoutbystormdamage,animalrightsactivists,hard-upownersandshooters.Eachfreedindividualwasaspark.Somethingnew,somethinghotandbrightwithpotential.Notallthosesparkstook.Butenoughdid.12.WhatwerethecircumstancesthatledtothereturnofwildboarstoBritain?A.Theroleofthefarmedpigsintheecosystem.B.Introductionalreintroductioneffortsbyenvironmentalists.C.Capitalisticinfluenceandthemarketdemandforboarmeat.D.StrictenforcementoftheDangerousWildAnimalsActof1976.13.Howdidvariousfactorscontributetothereleaseofboarsintothewoodlands?A.Escapologychallengeinfarmedpigsandtheimpactonthemarket.B.Animalrightsactivists’effortsinfacilitatingboarrelease.C.Theinfluenceofthefarmedpigsonthebehaviorofwildboars.D.Stormdamageanditsroleinreleasingboars.14.HowdidChantalLyonsexplainthehistoricalcontextofwildboarsinBritain?A.Thenegativeimpactofcapitalismonwildboarhabitats.B.Theroleofthefarmedpigsintheresurgenceofwildboars.C.Theneedforstricterenforcementofwildlifeprotectionlaws.D.Theinevitabilityofwildboarreintroductionthroughhumaninfluence.15.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutthefreedindividualsamongthewildboars?A.Theywereallsuccessfulinestablishingnewhabitats.B.Eachofthemcontributedtothedeclineofthewildboarpopulation.C.Thesparkssymbolizethechallengesfacedbythewildboarsinthewoodlands.D.Someofthemadaptedtotheirnewenvironment,causingtheresurgenceoftheboars.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要探討了野豬在英國的現(xiàn)狀和歷史。雖然在英國已經(jīng)滅絕了700年，但由于非法釋放和棲息地重建行動，野豬種群再次出現(xiàn)，引發(fā)了人民和農(nóng)村的爭議。博物學家ChantalLyons在她的新書中解釋了與野豬共存的復雜問題。【12題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.(它們的種群狀況被國際自然保護聯(lián)盟（IUCN）評為“最不受關注”，該聯(lián)盟報告稱，該物種現(xiàn)在是所有陸地動物中地理分布最廣泛的物種之一，這在一定程度上要歸功于人類。)”和第五段“Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.Ifnotintentional.There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.(因此，事后看來，野豬回歸英國是不可避免的。如果不是故意的。幾十年來，環(huán)保主義者一直在嘀咕著應該重新引入該物種。市場已經(jīng)嘗到了它們的味道。)”可知，資本主義的影響和市場對野豬肉的需求導致野豬返回英國。故選C?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Despitethousandsofyearsoftrying,oneofthequalitiesthathasprovenmostchallengingtobreedoutofthefarmedpigisescapology.Life,asacertainfictionalmathematicianoncesaid,findsaway.Ourwoodlandshadbeenwaitingfornearly700years.Answeringwhatevercallwassoundingintheirbrains,wildboarbegantoescapefromthefarms.Or,insomecases,seemtohavebeenvariouslyhelpedoutbystormdamage,animalrightsactivists,hard-upownersandshooters.(盡管經(jīng)過數(shù)千年的嘗試，養(yǎng)殖豬最具挑戰(zhàn)性的品質(zhì)之一是逃脫術(shù)。正如某位虛構(gòu)的數(shù)學家曾經(jīng)說過的那樣，生活會找到一條路。我們的林地已經(jīng)等了將近700年。無論它們腦子里響起什么樣的叫聲，野豬都開始逃離農(nóng)場。)”和第五段中“There’dbeenmutteringsamongenvironmentalistsfordecadesthatthespeciesshouldbereintroduced.Themarketgotatasteforthem.(幾十年來，環(huán)保主義者一直在嘀咕著應該重新引入該物種。市場已經(jīng)嘗到了它們的味道。)”可知，養(yǎng)殖豬的逃脫術(shù)導致的挑戰(zhàn)，及其對市場的影響導致野豬被釋放到林地。故選A?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Theirpopulationstatusisratedas“LeastConcern”bytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN),whichreportsthatthespeciesnowhasoneofthevastestgeographicaldistributionsofalllandanimals,partlythankstohumans.(它們的種群狀況被國際自然保護聯(lián)盟（IUCN）評為“最不受關注”，該聯(lián)盟報告稱，該物種現(xiàn)在是所有陸地動物中地理分布最廣泛的物種之一，這在一定程度上要歸功于人類。)”和第五段“Andso,withhindsight,thereturnofwildboartoBritainwasinevitable.(因此，事后看來，野豬回歸英國是不可避免的。)”可知，由于人類的影響，野豬的重新引入是必然的。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Eachfreedindividualwasaspark.Somethingnew,somethinghotandbrightwithpotential.Notallthosesparkstook.Butenoughdid.(每一個自由的個體都是一個火花，一種新的東西，一種有潛力的熾熱和光明的東西。并不是所有的火花都擦出來了。但已經(jīng)夠了。)”可知，作者通過把渴望被釋放的野豬比作自由的火花，說明這些野豬中的一些被釋放出來，適應了新環(huán)境，導致了這一種群的復興。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtomanagesleepanxietyAsidefromthemainsymptomofnotbeingabletofallasleep,orconstantlywakingupthroughoutthenight,sleepanxietyhasverysimilarsymptomstogeneralanxietydisorders.___16___Sleepdeprivationcanhaveahugeimpactonyourhealthandwellbeing,andsleepanxietycanmakeitdifficult,evenimpossible,tohavegetagoodnight’ssleep.Studieshaveshownthatsingularstressfulevents,liketakinganexam,havelittleimpactonyourcortisollevelsandtheysoonreturntonormal.___17___Thissuggeststhatanightoftossingandturningthedaybeforeajobinterviewmightbeaoneoff,butfacingstresseveryday—likebeingstressedaboutlackofsleep—hasasignificantimpactonyoursleepcycle.Thefirststepistoidentifywhat’scausingyourlackofsleep.Isitstressatwork,orinyourrelationship?Isitpastinjury?Isitbaddreamsmakingyouwanttoputoffsleepingsotheydon’tkeeprecurring?Trytounderstandwhyyoufinditastruggletosleep.___18___Ifnightmaresandsleepparalysisarestoppingyoufromsleeping,youmightthinkthere’snothingyoucandotocalmyoursubconscious—buttherearethingsyoucantrythatcanmakeyourdreamsmorepositive.___19___Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewithabetter“peaceofmind”havemorepositivedreams,whereassymptomsofanxietyrelatedtonegativedreams.Cognitivebehaviouraltherapy,CBT,teachesyoutochangethewayyouthinkinordertochangeyourbehaviour.Itcouldhelpyouunderstandhowsleepanxietyisaffectingyourbodyandbrain,avoidthingsthattriggeryouranxietyandmakesleepimpossible,andhelpchangethenegativewayyouviewsleep.Sometimes,lessismore,andperhapstryingtoohardtoforceyourselftosleepwitha20-stepbedtimeroutinecouldbeaddingtothepressureandanxietyyou’refeeling,andhavetheoppositeaffectthatyouwant.___20___Ifyouusuallytrytosleepinawarmroomwithahotwaterbottle,tryloweringthetemperature.Sleepinginacolderroompreventscortisollevelsrising,andhelpsyourbodyreleasemelatonininstead,whichhelpsyousleep—thisiswhyit’softensodifficulttosleepduringaheatwave.A.Thesecanbelistedasfollows.B.IfIt’snotworking,it’stimetotrysomethingnew.C.Takeacomfortablesleepingposition,ideallyonyourback.D.Thiscanhelpyoudealwiththeanxietysurroundingitandthenendthehatredcycle.E.However,chronicstressandanxietycanmaketheincreaseinthehormonelastalongtime.F.Trysomemindfultechniquesaspartofyourbedtimeroutineaswellasthroughouttheday.G.Theseincludeacontinualfeelingofunease,increasedheartrate,sweating,andtensedmuscles.【答案】16.G17.E18.D19.F20.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了緩解睡眠焦慮的四種方法?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Asidefromthemainsymptomofnotbeingabletofallasleep,orconstantlywakingupthroughoutthenight,sleepanxietyhasverysimilarsymptomstogeneralanxietydisorders.(除了無法入睡或整晚不斷醒來的主要癥狀外，睡眠焦慮與一般焦慮癥的癥狀非常相似)”可知，接下來需要介紹這些癥狀是什么樣的。選項G“這些癥狀包括持續(xù)的不安感、心率加快、出汗和肌肉緊張?！焙蜕衔囊馑家恢拢项}意。故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Thissuggeststhatanightoftossingandturningthedaybeforeajobinterviewmightbeaoneoff,butfacingstresseveryday—likebeingstressedaboutlackofsleep—hasasignificantimpactonyoursleepcycle.(這表明，在面試前一天晚上輾轉(zhuǎn)反側(cè)可能是一種解脫，但每天面對壓力——比如睡眠不足帶來的壓力——會對你的睡眠周期產(chǎn)生重大影響)”可知，這里介紹長期處于高壓之下會對你的睡眠周期產(chǎn)生重大影響。選項E“然而，長期的壓力和焦慮會使荷爾蒙的增加持續(xù)很長時間?！币鱿挛?，符合題意。故選E?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thefirststepistoidentifywhat’scausingyourlackofsleep.Isitstressatwork,orinyourrelationship?Isitpastinjury?Isitbaddreamsmakingyouwanttoputoffsleepingsotheydon’tkeeprecurring?Trytounderstandwhyyoufinditastruggletosleep.(第一步是找出導致你睡眠不足的原因。這是工作中的壓力，還是你們關系中的壓力？是過去的傷病嗎？是噩夢讓你想推遲睡覺，這樣它們就不會不斷出現(xiàn)嗎？試著去理解為什么你覺得難以入睡)”可知，這里建議要弄明白你覺得難以入睡的原因。選項D“這可以幫助你處理圍繞它的焦慮，然后結(jié)束仇恨循環(huán)?！背薪由衔?，說明這樣做的作用，符合題意。故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Ifnightmaresandsleepparalysisarestoppingyoufromsleeping,youmightthinkthere’snothingyoucandotocalmyoursubconscious—buttherearethingsyoucantrythatcanmakeyourdreamsmorepositive.(如果噩夢和睡眠癱瘓讓你無法入睡，你可能會認為你無法平靜你的潛意識——但你可以嘗試一些事情，讓你的夢想變得更加積極)”可知，這里建議嘗試一些事情，讓你的夢想變得更加積極。選項F“試著把一些有意識的技巧作為你就寢時間的一部分，也可以貫穿一天?！边M一步介紹這種方法的益處