2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語（一 ）試題

2017年全國碩士研究生招生考試

英語（一）試題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorD

ontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

?Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?②Theanswermaybearesounding"yes!”③

j_helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa

3_ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.?Believeitornot,awarmembracemighteven

helpyou4gettingsickthiswinter.

?Inarecentstudy5over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellon

UniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptof

hugs6theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7to

thevirus.②Peoplewhoperceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8witha

cold,andtheresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32

percentofthatbeneficialeffect.?11amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreater

socialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere12.

①“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskforcoldsthat's

usually14withstress,“notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie.②

Hugging“isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16

difficulty.”

?Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtotherelease

ofoxytocin,oftencalled“thebondinghormone"18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,

includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies.?Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthe

centrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.③Butsomeofit

19_inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

1.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite

2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior

3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[ClguidingfDlinvolving

6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of

7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]along[B]across[C]down[D]out

9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated

10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required

11.[A]ThusIB]Still[C]Rather[DJEven

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests

13.[A]highlighted[B]minimizedIC]controlled(DJincreased

14.[A]associated[B]equipped[ClpresentedfDlcompared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[DJrecord

16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthenameof[DIinthewayof

17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return

18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until

19.[A]vanishes[B]emerges[C]remains[D]decreases

20.[A]experiences|B]combines[C]justifies[DJinfluences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.

MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

?Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarcrecommending

peopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasingly

massivesecuritylines.

?Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityproceduresinreturnfor

increasedsafety.@ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedoverthe

MediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.③Butdemandingtoomuchofair

travelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.(4)

Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans*economicandprivatelives,nottomention

infuriating.

?Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundinasecretcheckthat

undercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecurity

nearlyeverytimetheytried.?Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwitharisein

airlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsat

majorairportssuchasChicago'sO'HareInternational.③Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmore

effectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome-butthelinesarcobvious.

①Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,

sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.②Partoftheissueisthatairports

haveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.?Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetrying

tooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstrongly

disputethis.

?ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushing

tohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.②PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfor

travelersandtheTSA.?Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpedited

screeninglanes.④ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarchigherrisk,savingtimefor

everyoneinvolved.?TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

?Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:Passengers

mustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks.?Sincethebeginning,this

pricetaghasbeenPrcChcck'sfatalflaw.?Upcomingreformsmightbringthepriceamore

reasonablelevel.?ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinance

PreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

①TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostof

thetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.②Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]explainAmericans,toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsalmajorairports?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.Theword“expedited"(Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]quieter.[B]faster.

[C]wider.[D]cheaper.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]thegovernment'sreluctancetobackit.

[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck—aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

①“TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers,**wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slast

reigningmonarch,in1897.②Starwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersof

Hawaiiansociety.③Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday.?Protestshave

eruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromises

torevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.

@AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedby

someHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.②ButMaunaKea

isalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes.?RestedinthePacificOcean,

MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallow

telescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

?OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.②Asmallbutvocalgroupof

Hawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpresenceasdisrespectforsacredland

andapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

①Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.?Intheireagernessto

buildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.

?Theydidnotalwaysprioritize(heproicciionofMaunaKca'sfragileecosystemsoritsholiness

totheislands'inhabitants.?Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingculture

undergoingarenaissancetoday.

?Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.②

ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbrouglitearlyPolynesiansto

Hawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.③Callstodisassembleall

telescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyand

Hawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromand

wherewearegoing.?Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimal

callingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestralhomes.

@TheastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseofMaunaKea.②

TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibilityaroundtheislandandtoavoid

archaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.③TblimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,

oldoneswillberemovedattheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.(4)

ThereisnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKcatoembracetheircultural

heritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani'sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[B]herconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsreligiousimplications.

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsgeographicalfeatures.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartlybecause

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[BJtheyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKca.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday'sastronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians,hostility.

30.Theauthor'sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteisoneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]fullapproval.

[C]passiveacceptance.

[D]slighthesitancy.

Text3

?RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry'sGDPmeasures"everythingexceptthatwhich

makeslifeworthwhile.”②WiihBritainvotingtoleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalready

predictedtoslowasaresult,itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

?ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersforoverhalfacentury.

②Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.③Ilmeasuresthingsthatdonotmatterandmisses

thingsthatdo.@Bymostrecentmeasures,theUK'sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,

withrecordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.⑤Ifeverythingwasgoingsowell,then

whydidover17millionpeoplevotefbrBrexit,despitethewarningsaboutwhatitcoulddoto

theircountry'seconomicprospects?

?Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowthintowell-beingsheds

somelightonthatquestion.?Acrossthe163countriesmeasured,theUKisoneofthepoorest

performersinensuringthateconomicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsfbrits

citizens.③RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,

educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentof

howcountriesareperforming.

①Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,therearcanumberofconsistent

themes.②Rs,therehasbeenabuddingeconomicrecoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butin

keyindicatorsinareassuchashealthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.

@Yetthisisn'tthecasewithallcountries.④SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountrieshaveseen

hugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

?Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolongerregardedasthesole

measureofacountry'ssuccess,theworldlooksverydifferent.

①So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommon

methodfbrmeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.②Il

docsnotincludeimportantfactorssuchasenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes—all

thingsthatcontributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

①ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcouldleadtoadecline

intheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-beingandfbrgrowth.②Butpolicymakers

whorefocuseffortsonimprovingwell-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigures

couldavoidtheforecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

lAjGDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[B]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[D]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[B]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.In(helas(twoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

IB]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[C]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

[B]RobertF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[C]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[D]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

Text4

?Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthecorruption

convictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.②Butitdidsowhileholdingits

noseal(heelhicsofhisconduci,whichincludedacceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchanda

Ferrariautomobilefromacompanyseekingaccesstogovernment.

?Thehighcourt'sdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnelPstrialfailedtotellajurythatit

mustlookonlyathis“officialacts,“ortheformergovernor'sdecisionson“specific”and

4tunscttlcd^^issuesrelatedtohisduties.

①M(fèi)erelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdonewithclearintentto

pressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejusticesfound.

?Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnfbropeningdoorsis“distasteful”and

“nasty.”②Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbemadeofconcretebenefits,suchasapproval

ofacontractorregulation.③Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostingan

eventisnotan"officialact.”

?Thecourt'srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatisnotcriminal.②

Electedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwithbureaucraticproblemswithoutfear

ofprosecutionofbribery.③“Thebasiccompactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment/'wrote

ChiefJusticeJohnRobertsfbrthecourt,“assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheir

constituentsandactontheirconcems.^^

?Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelectedrepresentatives,notthe

courts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.?Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplay

favoritesinprovidinginformationorinarrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroup

providesacampaigndonationorapersonalgift.③Thistypeofintegrityrequireswell-enforced

lawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficialmeetings,rulesonlobbying,and

informationabouteachelectedleader'ssourceofwealth.

?Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.@Butitisnot

alwayscorruption.③Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,ordifferenttypesofaccessfbr

averagepeopleandthewealthy.@Ifconnectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocratic

society-thatallareequalintreatmentbygovernment-isundermined.⑤Goodgovernancerests

onanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

?Thecourt'srulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstbothcorruptionandofficial

favoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.1)mostprobablyshowsthatthecourt

[A]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[B]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnell'sduties.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnelPsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnclPsethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyifitinvolves

[A]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourt'srulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficialsare

[A]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[C]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt,srulingis

[A]sarcastic.[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.[D|supportive.

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.Forquestions41-45,youarcrequiredto

reorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherenttextbychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthem

intothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

theANSWERSHEET.(10points)

A.Thefirstpublishedsketch,UADinneratPoplarWalk”broughttearstoDickens'seyeswhenhe

discovereditinthepagesofTheMonthlyMagazine.Fromthenonhissketches,which

appearedunderthepenname“Boz”inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodest

reputation.

B.TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknowntoday,secured

Dickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwickcigars,andtheplump,spectacled

hero,SamuelPickwick,becameanationalfigure.

C.SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproachedDickenstowriteastoryin

monthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseriesofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobert

Seymour,whohadoriginatedtheideafbrthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,Dickens

successfullyinsistedthatSeymour*spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthefirst

installment,DickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrectadrawingDickensfeltwas

notfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmadethechange,wentintohisbackyard,and

expressedhisdispleasurebycommittingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedon

withanewartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,appeared

seriallyin1836and1837andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin1837.

D.CharlesDickensisprobably(hebest-knownand,tomanypeople,thegreatestEnglishnovelist

ofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,andsocialreformer,Dickenscraftedcomplexplotsand

strikingcharactersthatcapturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.

E.Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjobaserrandboyinlawoffices.

Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetanevenbetterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasa

reporterinParliament.Atthesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter'seyefbrtranscribing

thelifearoundhim,especiallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchestoobscure

magazines.

F.DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland'ssoutherncoast.Hisfatherwasaclerkinthe

BritishNavypayoffice—arespectableposition,butwithlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternal

grandparents,astewardandahousekeeper,possessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,

andDickenslaterconcealedtheirbackground.Dicken'smothersupposedlycamefromamore

respectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDicken'sbirth,hismother'sfatherwascaught

stealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'sincreasingpovertyforcedDickens

outofschoolatage12toworkinWarren'sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,where

theotherworkingboysmockedhimas“Iheyounggentleman.''Hisfatherwasthen

imprisonedfbrdebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather'simprisonmentandhislaborinthe

blackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecamehisdeepestsecret.Hecould

notconfidethemeventohiswife,althoughtheyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationof

hisfiction.

G.AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTiv/jr,hetracesanorphan's

progressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsofLondon.NicholasNickleby,hisnext

novel,combinesthedarknessofOliverTwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.Thepopularityof

thesenovelsconsolidatedDickens,asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanof

letters.

D—41.142.一43.一44.—B—45.

PartC

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.Your

translationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld'sprimarylanguagefbrinternational

communicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveraldecades.(46)Butevenasthenumberof

Englishspeakersexpandsfurther〔herearesignsihaiiheglobalDredominanceof(helanguagemay

fadewithintheforeseeablefuture.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturalchangescouldstarttodiminish

theleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageoftheworldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoy

advantagefromthebreadthofEnglishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.Those

realisticpossibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddol.(47)Hisanalysis

should山ereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthosewhomaybelievethattheglobalposition

ofEnglishissostable【hat(heyounggenerationsoft