（高考英語作文煉句）第5篇譯文老師筆記

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天1.和遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)相比,傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法能夠加強(qiáng)師生間的關(guān)系,因為傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法有更多的互動.Incontrastto

distancelearning(1.遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)),

traditionalteachingmethods

(2.傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)方法)cementthelink

(3.加強(qiáng)關(guān)系)betweenteachersandstudentsbecausetherearemore

interactions(4.互動).

1-distance

learningdistance

learning是遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)的固定表達(dá).

外刊例句：Theideathat

distance-learning

programmesarein

somewaythe"poorrelation”oftheMBA,particularlycomparedwithfull-time

programmes,isnolongertenable.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：distance

education/onlinelearning/onlinecourses

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

distant

learning點評：distance

learning是一個固定表達(dá),不能寫成distantlearning(2)

remote

education點評：remote與education不能搭配(3)

online

course點評：應(yīng)該改為online

courses

2-traditional

teachingmethodstraditional是比較廣義的"傳統(tǒng)”,指一代代傳下來的習(xí)俗、行為、模式、思想等;teaching

methods和methodsofteaching的表達(dá)都可以.

外刊例句：Thisreversalof

the

traditionalteachingmethods—with

lecturingdoneoutsideclasstimeandtutoring(or"homework”)duringit—is

whatMrKhancalls"theflip”.(TheEconomist)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

traditional

pedagogy點評：pedagogy是指"教育學(xué)”(thestudyofthemethodsandactivitiesofteaching),與"教學(xué)方法”不同.(2)

traditional

teachingapproach點評：traditional

teachingapproach應(yīng)該改為復(fù)數(shù)形式traditionalteaching

approaches

3-

cementthelinkcement作為名詞的含義是"水泥”,作為動詞"加強(qiáng)、鞏固”的含義也就不難理解了.

詞典釋義：

[s?'ment]

verb

transitive

鞏固

tomakesomethingsuchasanagreementor

friendshipstronger

加強(qiáng),鞏固(協(xié)議或友誼)

?Theuniversity'sexchangeschemehas

cemented

itslinkswithmanyotheracademicinstitutions.這所大學(xué)的交流計劃加強(qiáng)了它與許多其他學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)的聯(lián)系.

外刊例句：

JamesBondhas

donemorethananyonetocementthelinkbetweenmodernarchitectureandevil

masterminds–IanFlemingevennamedoneofhisbaddiesafterhisarchitect

neighbour,ErnoGoldfinger–butHollywoodingeneralhasdonethesame.(The

Guardian)

替換詞：strengthen/improve/foster

relationship/linkbetweenAandB

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

enhance

theties點評：一般說法是strengthen

theties,沒有enhancetheties這個表達(dá).(2)

sharpen

teacher-studentrelation點評：這里存在兩處問題.當(dāng)要談及人與人之間的關(guān)系時,應(yīng)該說arelationship,而不是arelation,Hehasavery

goodrelationwithhiscolleagues.

應(yīng)該改為

Hehasaverygood

relationship

withhiscolleagues.這里teacher-studentrelation應(yīng)該改為teacher-studentrelationship;relationship不能與sharpen搭配,這里可以改為strengthenteacher-student

relationship

4-interactionsinteraction除了指人與人之間的"交流”互動外,還可以指相互聯(lián)系、相互影響、相互作用.

外刊例句：

Networkslike

TwitterandFacebookreducethecostofminor

interactions,whichleadstomoreminor

interactions.MrGladwellseesthisandnotestheriseinminorinteractions

betweenthousandsof

quasi-friends.Whathemissesisthatrepeatedminoractionsarealsothe

meansbywhichstrongerrelationshipsarekeptstrong.(TheEconomist)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

reaction點評：reaction含義是"(對事情的)反應(yīng)”,與"互動”不同.

Q：請問because之前的逗號是不是可用可不用都行?A：是的,但如果because后面的句子太長,前面可以使用逗號隔開.

Q：您好老師,請問compare如果要使用在句子里的話,是comparing還是compared?放在句子的開頭.A：看主語與compare的關(guān)系,屬被動關(guān)系就用compared,舉個例子,Comparedtooursmallflat,

Bill’shouseseemedlikeapalace.這個句子可以還原為When

Bill’shouseiscomparedtooursmallflat,Bill’shouseseemedlikea

palace.此時Bill’s與compare是被動關(guān)系,所以應(yīng)該使用compared

Q：譯文中的becausetherearemore

interactions為什么是用名詞表示作為形容詞來說不應(yīng)該是moreinteractive嗎?A：系動詞be后可以接名詞,不是只能跟形容詞的,比如Iamastudent.

Q：incontrastto與incontrastwith是否可以互換?A：可以互換,可以查看朗文詞典contrast詞條的說明.

Q：because和as有什么區(qū)別?A：as和

because都可以表示"因為”.because最常用,往往用來回答以why開頭的疑問句.as經(jīng)常用于書面語中,可以代替because引導(dǎo)原因從句.如：anoteaboutThe

NationalPortraitGallery,astheword‘Gallery’canbemisleading(對TheNationalPortrait

Gallery的注釋,因為Gallery一詞易產(chǎn)生歧義).

2.老師不僅要向?qū)W生傳授知識和發(fā)展他們的學(xué)術(shù)技能,還要培養(yǎng)他們形成健康的人生觀.

Teachersshouldnotonly

impartknowledgetotheirstudentsand

developtheiracademicskills(1.發(fā)展學(xué)術(shù)技能),butalsohelpthem

shapeahealthyoutlookonlife(2.培養(yǎng)健康的人生觀).

1-

notonly...but

also...notonly...but

also...對應(yīng)"不僅……而且……”,使用時可以連接名詞短語、動詞短語或形容詞短語,也可以連接句子;also也可以省略.

例句：

Theworld’s

elitespeaksEnglish,souniversitiesaroundtheworldare

notonly

teachingEnglish,

but

increasingly,teachingin

English.(TheEconomist)

可供替換的表達(dá)：not

just

2-impart

knowledgeimpartAtoB意為"向A傳授B”

外刊例句：

Clearlylecture

basedlearningwastheonlywayto

impart

knowledge

ongroupsofstudents.Gutenberginventedmovabletypein1439.

Forthefirsttimethecreationofbooksbecamemechanised.Sixhundredyears

onweareintheageoflaptops,e-Books,digitalvideo,videoconferencing,

chatandtheglobalInternet.(TheEconomist)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

instruct

knowledge點評：當(dāng)instruct取"教授,指導(dǎo)”的含義時,常見搭配是instructsomebodyinsomething,比如Greater

effortisneededtoinstructchildreninroadsafety.沒有instructknowledge的說法.(2)

transfer

knowledge點評：transfer是"轉(zhuǎn)移;轉(zhuǎn)賬”的意思,沒有transferknowledge的說法.

3-develop

academicskillsdevelop作為"培養(yǎng)、發(fā)展”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程性,之前我們學(xué)習(xí)到develop

intelligence(開發(fā)智力);academicskills是"學(xué)術(shù)技能”的固定表達(dá).

外刊例句：Peopleshould

developskills

thatcomplement,

ratherthancompetewithcomputers,suchasideagenerationandcomplex

communication.Policymakersshouldimprovebasiceducation,pourmoneyinto

infrastructureandbasicresearch,admitmoreskilledimmigrants,andshift

theburdenoftaxesfromwagestoconsumption.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：develop

scholasticskills/studyskills

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

develop

scienceskills點評：沒有science

skills的說法,這里可以改為academicskills(2)

develop

professionalskills點評：professional

skills是"專業(yè)技能”,與"學(xué)術(shù)技能”不同.(3)

develop

theacademicalskills點評：沒有academical這個單詞,這里應(yīng)該改為academic

4-shapea

healthyoutlookonlifeshape作為動詞"使形成”,既可以是形成某種形狀,也可以形成某種思想、觀念、信仰;outlookon是"對于……的觀念或態(tài)度”.

外刊例句：Havingthis

healthyoutlookonlife

isjustas

well,becauseinthiscareer-wreckingshambles,Stalloneappearstoconflate

hisownlifewiththatofhismostfamouson-screencharactertosuchan

extentyoucan'treallytellifit'sRockyorSlywhoisspoutingabouthow

heusedtobeacontender.(TheGuardian)

可供替換的表達(dá)：have

apositiveattitudetolife

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

develop

ahealthyvalueviewoflife點評：value

view為生造表達(dá),這里可以改為outlook(2)

build/

establishahealthyphilosophyoflife點評：philosophy是指"人生哲理”,與outlook有所區(qū)別(3)

build

arightoutlookonlife點評：outlook一般不與build搭配,outlook的常見搭配為haveanoutlook/givesomebodyanoutlook/changesomebody’soutlook

Q：shall和

should除了時態(tài)有不同外,其他的區(qū)別在哪里?A：shall可以用于下達(dá)命令或者以第一人稱征求意見,比如Youshalldropthatgun./ShallImakeyousomecoffee?should可以表示推測語氣,比如Sheshouldarrivesoon.(她應(yīng)該快要到了.)或者是表示"萬一”,比如Shouldyourequirehelp,justask.(如果你需要幫助,盡管說)

Q：這里用cultivate作為培養(yǎng)的意思會不會比單純的用help使得句子更加多樣化呢.butalsoshouldcultivate

themtoshapeahealthyoutlookonlife.A：沒有cultivatesomebodytodo

something的表達(dá),這里不建議使用中文的思維直接去構(gòu)造句子,應(yīng)該按照英文的常見搭配來.

Q：個人認(rèn)為用theresponsibilitiesofteachers

作主語,比直接用teachers作主語更合適,想聽聽老師的看法.A：英文寫作應(yīng)該遵守簡潔的原則,使用the

responsibilitiesofteachers作主語雖然在語法上沒問題,但還是不夠簡潔,不推薦使用.

3.大學(xué)文憑不再是好工作的敲門磚——終身學(xué)習(xí)技能和人際交往技巧也是必備條件.Universitydegrees

(1.大學(xué)文憑)arenolonger

asteppingstoneto

(2.……的敲門磚)adecentjob–

lifelonglearningskills

(3.終身學(xué)習(xí)技能)and

interpersonalskills

(4.人際交往技巧)arealsorequired.

1-University

degrees由于這里泛指,用university

degrees或者auniversitydegree均可.

外刊例句：Isa

universitydegree

agoodinvestment?

Manypotentialstudentsareaskingthequestion,especiallyincountries

wherethepriceofadegreeisrising,asaresultoffallinggovernment

subsidies.

替換詞：a

collegediploma

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

college

certification點評：certification是指"證書”,比如教師證書,簽署證書等,與"文憑”不同.

2-astepping

stonetoasteppingstone本意是"墊腳石”,后跟to/towards.

詞典釋義：

aneventorexperiencethathelpsyou

achievesomethingelse

進(jìn)身之階;敲門磚,墊腳石;跳板?Iseethisjobjustasasteppingstone

to

betterthings.我只不過把這份工作當(dāng)作找到更好工作的墊腳石.

外刊例句Inrealityitis

adeadendthatthoseinterestedinbuildingastrongandgenuinemonetary

unionshoulduseas

asteppingstone

topromotearealbudgetfortheeuroareaandarevampofitseconomic

governance.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：an

entryticketto/apassportto/opensesame(A

universitydegreeisn’talwaysanopensesametoagoodjob.)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

knocking

brick點評：中式表達(dá)

3-lifelong

learningskillslifelong

learning是"終身學(xué)習(xí)”的固定表達(dá).

外刊例句：Hepointstolow

crimeratesasevidenceoftheirsuperiorvaluesandinsiststhatintensive

Jewishstudiesatanearlyageinstill

lifelong

learningskills

thatallowharedimtoeasilypickupprofessionslaterin

life.(DailyMail)

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

perpetual

learningskills點評：perpetual

learningskills為生造表達(dá),這里應(yīng)該用lifelonglearningskills(2)

lifelong

studyskills點評：learn與study不同,study更加強(qiáng)調(diào)深入的學(xué)習(xí)、研究,這里應(yīng)該使用固定說法lifelonglearningskills

4-interpersonal

skillsinter-意為"互相的、在……之間的”,常和communication、conflict、relationship、skill等名詞搭配使用.

詞典釋義：

interpersonalUK

[??n.t?'p?：.s?n.?l]

US

[-t??'p?：-]

adjective

connectedwithrelationshipsbetweenpeople

人際的?Thesuccessfulapplicantwillhave

excellent

interpersonal

skills.成功的申請人應(yīng)具有出色的人際交往技巧.

外刊例句：

Overthenext

fewdecadesdemandinthetoplayerofthelabourmarketmaywellcentreon

individualswithhighabstractreasoning,creative,and

interpersonalskills

thatarebeyondmostworkers,including

graduates.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：social

skills/theabilitytogetalongwithothers

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

interpersonal

communicationskills點評：interpersonal

skills本身已經(jīng)包含有communication的含義,因此不用重復(fù)用詞.

Q：degree和diploma感覺二者應(yīng)該也可以互換,另外不明白為什么要用復(fù)數(shù),是因為要表示整體?A：這里使用auniversitydegree或者acollegediploma都可以.使用復(fù)數(shù)是因為degree是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),不能單獨使用,必須使用復(fù)數(shù)形式或者加限定詞.

4.各地區(qū)的教學(xué)水準(zhǔn)差異很大,來自落后地區(qū)的學(xué)生可能很難跟上他們在城市的同齡人.Educationalstandards(1.教學(xué)水準(zhǔn))

varywidely

(2.差異很大)fromoneregiontoanother,andstudentsfrom

backwardareas

(3.落后地區(qū))mightstruggleto

catchupwith

(4.跟上)theirpeersinthecity.

1-Educational

standardsstandard除了常見的作為參考的"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”的含義,也有"水平、質(zhì)量”的含義.

外刊例句：

TheCommonCore

educationalstandards

havebecomeso

politicallyfraughtthatitiseasytoforgetwhysomanystatesdecidedto

adopttheminthefirstplace.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：the

quality/calibreofteaching

2-varywidelyvarywidely后邊跟"地點”時,介詞常為across/between/from

AtoA/fromoneAtoanother

外刊例句：

Attitudesto

e-cigarettes,andthedegreeofregulationtheyface,

varywidely

fromonecountrytoanother.AustriaandNewZealand

classifythemasmedicaldevicesandrestricttheirsale;Australia,Brazil,

LebanonandSingaporehavebannedthemoutright.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：varyto

alargedegree/considerably/greatly

3-backward

areasbackward：notadvanced落后的

詞典釋義：

backwardUK

['b?k.w?d]

US

[-w?d]

adjective

遲緩

notadvanced

落后的;遲緩的;愚鈍的

?Whenhewasachild,histeachersthought

hewas

backward

(=unabletolearnasmuchasmostchildren).小時候,老師認(rèn)為他愚笨遲鈍.?Peoplestillthinkofitasa

backward

country/region/area(=onewithoutindustryormodernmachines).人們?nèi)匀徽J(rèn)為這是一個落后的國家／地區(qū).

外刊例句：

Debatehas

startedtoemergeinChinaaboutwhetherthepartyhasbeenusingtheright

methodstobringprosperityto

backward

provinces.(TheEconomist)

替換詞：undeveloped

/poorareas

學(xué)生錯誤表達(dá)：(1)

behindhand

region點評：behindhand是指"拖欠,拖拉”,不能用來形容地區(qū).

4-catchupwithcatchupwith可以表示在質(zhì)量、水平方面趕上、超越.

詞典釋義：

toreachthesamequalityorstandardas

someoneorsomethingelse

達(dá)到同樣品質(zhì)(或水準(zhǔn));趕上?WillWesternindustryever

catch

up

with

Japaneseinnovations?

西方國家的工業(yè)會趕上日本的創(chuàng)新嗎??Hewasoffschoolforawhileandis

find