（高考英語作文煉句）第21篇老師譯文筆記

PAGEPAGE11.人類天生就對周圍發(fā)生的事情感到好奇,對于犯罪尤其如此.對很多人來說,犯罪雖然可怕,但同樣能引起他們的興趣.正因為如此,報紙和電視新聞簡報上充滿了對于犯罪的報道.Itis

humannature

(1.人類天性)tobecuriousabouttheeventsthathappenaroundus.

Whenitcomesto

(2.對于……)crime,thisisespeciallyso.Formany,althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared,itisalsosomethingthat

drawstheirinterest(3.吸引他們的興趣),andthereforenewspapersand

televisionnewsbulletins

(4.電視新聞簡報)arefullofreportsofcrime.

1-humannaturehumannature前面不加冠詞the或a,也沒有復數(shù)形式.

詞典釋義：human

naturenoun

uncountable

■thenaturalwaysofbehavingthatmostpeopleshare

人性?Youcan'tchangehumannature.你無法改變?nèi)诵??It's

only

humannature(=Itisnatural)towant

thebestforyourchildren.希望自己的孩子得到最好的乃是人之常情.

外刊例句：ButthesuccessofschemesliketheoneinKirkleesowesas

muchtoanunderstandingofhumannature.

()但像科克里斯那種計劃之所以能成功,很大程度上歸功于對人性的深刻認識.

替換表達：Humansarebynature…

2-Whenitcomesto注意這里to是介詞.

詞典釋義：32.PHRASE

短語

談到;涉及

Youcanusetheexpression

when

itcomesto

or

whenitcomesdownto

in

ordertointroduceanewtopicoranewaspectofatopicthatyouare

talkingabout.

【搭配模式】：PHRn/-ing?Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat.Butknowing

suchthingsisn'tmuchhelpwhenit

comesto

shoppingandeating...

我們大多數(shù)人都知道應該減少脂肪的攝入量.但是在購物和吃東西的時候,這些常識就丟到一邊去了.

?However,whenit

comes

downtosomebodythattheyknow,theyhaveadifferentfeeling.然而,涉及他們認識的人,他們的感覺就不同了.

外刊例句：Bylettinglower-courtdecisionsstandbutnotrequiring

othercourtstoabidebytheruling,thestageissetforoddstate-by-state

ordistrict-by-districtdistinctions

when

itcomesto

themeaningoflawsortheconstitution.

()(政府)讓低級法院能維持原判,但又不要求其他法院遵從其判決,而這就造成了各州及個地區(qū)對于法律和憲法的解釋各不相同.

替換表達：forcrime

學生錯誤表達：(1)

whenit

refersto點評：沒有whenitrefers

to的說法,應該改為whenitcomesto

3-drawone’sinterest

詞典釋義：drawUK

[dr?：]

US

[drɑ：]

verb

(drew,

drawn)

ATTRACT

吸引

IMPROVER

transitive

■toattract

attentionorinterest

吸引,引起(興趣、注意)?He'sanexcellentspeakerwhoalways

draws

a

crowd.他很擅長演講,總能吸引大批的聽眾.?Doeshewearthoseridiculousclothesto

draw

attention?

他穿那些滑稽的衣服就是想吸引人們的注意嗎??CouldI

draw

your

attentionto

item

numberthreeontheagenda?

我可以請你看一看議程的第三項內(nèi)容嗎?

外刊例句：Theyoftenregardthesecompaniesasavisible,public

stagethattheycanuseto

draw

interest,”hesays."Theywillchangeorevolvetheirtacticstokeepthe

spotlightontheircauseaslongaspossible.”

()他說："他們經(jīng)常認為這些公司是能讓其吸引公眾注意力的高曝光度的公眾平臺,他們會改變其策略來讓他們的事業(yè)盡可能久地處于聚光燈下.”

替換表達：drawone’seyes

4-televisionnewsbulletins

詞典釋義：bulletinUK

['b?l.?.t?n]

US

[-t??n]

noun

countable

■ashortnewsprogrammeontelevisionorradiooftenabout

somethingthathasjusthappened,orashortnewspaperprintedbyan

organization

(電視或電臺的)新聞快報;(機構的)簡報?anhourlynews

bulletin整點新聞快報?Thecompanypublishesafortnightly

bulletin

for

itsstaff.這家公司每兩周為員工出一期簡報.

例句：When

stockmarketsfallprecipitately,thestorymakesthenightly

televisionnewsbulletins.()隨著股票市場迅速崩塌,這個故事就變成了每晚播出的新聞快報.

Q：對翻譯來講,在保證正確的基礎上,是否用越多的句式,越高級的詞語就越好呢?應該是不一定的吧?A：不一定的,是否用高級的單詞要看這個詞是否能在語境中精確表達出意思,如果不夠精確,就不能用.關于這方面的知識,推薦你去看OnWritingWell這本書.

Formany,althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared,itis

alsosomethingthatdrawstheirinterest,andthereforenewspaperand

televisionnewsbulletinsarefullofreportsofcrime.

[分析]本句是一個由and連接的并列句,其前一分句的主干為itisalsosomethingthatdrawstheirinterest,這是一個主系表結構,其中主語it指代crime,表語為something

thatdrawstheirinterest,其中包含了一個定語從句thatdrawstheir

interest,修飾something.句首For

many和althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared為兩個狀語.該句的后一分句為thereforenewspaperandtelevisionnewsbulletinsarefullof

reportsofcrime,這是一個主系表結構,其中,therefore為狀語,newspaperandtelevisionnewsbulletins為主語,fullofreportsofcrime為表語.

2.在媒體自由的國家,媒體被允許報道幾乎任何他們認為有新聞價值或者僅僅有利可圖的新聞.這產(chǎn)生的結果就是很多記者花費大量時間跟蹤名人,無論這些名人去了哪里.他們希望可以抓拍到(名人)羞辱性的照片,或者得到聳人聽聞的故事.Incountriesthathavefreemedia,thepressisallowedtocovervirtuallyanystorythattheybelieveis

newsworthy

(1.有新聞價值的)orsimplyprofitable.Theresultisthatmanyreportersspendmuchoftheirtime

stalking

(2.跟蹤)celebritieswherevertheygo,inthehopeof

snapping

(3.抓拍)ahumiliatingphotoorobtaininga

sensationalist

(4.聳人聽聞的)story.

1-newsworthy

詞典釋義：newsworthy

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

有報道價值的;有新聞價值的;值得報道的

Anevent,fact,orpersonthatis

newsworthy

isconsideredtobe

interestingenoughtobereportedinnewspapersorontheradioor

television.?Thenumberofdeathsmakesthestory

newsworthy...死亡人數(shù)使這篇報道具有了新聞價值.

?Thissituationmightdevelopintoanevenmore

newsworthy

itemifthepolicewereinvolved.如果警方涉入的話,這個局面就會變得更有新聞價值了.

外刊例句：BhumibolAdulyadej,the88-year-oldkingofThailand,has

beeninpoorhealthforsolongthateachfreshboutofillnessseemsscarcely

newsworthy.()普密蓬·阿杜德這位88歲的泰國國王長期以來身體都不好,以至于其病況更新都難稱得上具有新聞價值.

學生錯誤表達：(1)

valuable點評：表達不夠準確,valuable是泛指某事物有價值,沒有表達出"新聞”這一層含義.

2-stalking

詞典釋義：stalkUK

[st?：k]

US

[stɑ：k]

verb

FOLLOW

跟隨

transitive

■tofollowan

animalorpersonascloselyaspossiblewithoutbeingseenorheard,usually

inordertocatchorkillthem

跟蹤,悄悄地靠近(獵物或人)

?Thepolicehadbeen

stalking

thewomanfora

weekbeforetheyarrestedher.警方逮捕那個女人之前已經(jīng)跟蹤了她一個星期.intransitive

or

transitive

■toillegally

followandwatchsomeone,usuallyawoman,overaperiodoftime

(在一段時期內(nèi))非法跟蹤騷擾(通常指女性)?Hewasarrestedfor

stalking.他因跟蹤騷擾女性而被捕.

外刊例句：Meanwhile,GrahamArnoldandKevinMuscatspentmuchof

theirtime

stalking

thetouchline

andberatingthefourthofficial.

()與此同時,格萊漢姆·阿諾德和凱文·慕斯卡特耗費大量時間來騷擾邊裁和辱罵第四裁判員.

替換表達：follow

學生錯誤表達：(1)

track點評：track一般是指"找尋,追蹤(犯人或獵物)”,例如：PolicehavebeentrackingthefourcriminalsalloverCentral

America.警方一直在中美洲到處追捕這四名犯人.這里用來指娛樂記者對明星的跟蹤不太恰當.(2)

trace點評：trace是指"找到,查出”,例如：Policearetryingtotraceayoungwomanwhowasseennearthe

accident.警方在設法尋找目擊者稱在事故現(xiàn)場附近出現(xiàn)過的一名年輕女子.(3)

tail點評：拼寫錯誤,tail不可與trail混淆.

3-snap

詞典釋義：snap[sn?p]

verb

(-pp-)

PHOTOGRAPH

攝影

intransitive

or

transitive

■totakealotof

photographsquickly

拍快照?Hewasarrestedfor

snapping

photosofa

militaryparade.他因拍攝了閱兵的快照而被逮捕.?She'sverypleasedwithhernewcameraandwas

snapping

away

thewholetimewewereabroad.她對自己的新相機十分滿意,我們在國外時,她一直不停地拍照.

例句：Theinventionofthehandheldcameraappalled19th-century

society,asdidthe"Kodakfiends”whopatrolledbeaches

snapping

sunbathers.()手持式相機在十九世紀引起了轟動,與此同時,那些在沙灘游蕩偷拍日光浴者的"柯達粉絲”也不妨多讓.

替換表達：getasnapshotof

學生錯誤表達：(1)

take/get點評：take/get不能體現(xiàn)出"抓拍”這一層含義.

4-sensationalist

詞典釋義：sensationalist

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

(新聞報道、電視廣播節(jié)目)聳人聽聞的,追求轟動效應的

Sensationalist

newsreportsandtelevisionandradioprogrammespresentthe

factsinawaythatmakesthemseemworseormoreshockingthantheyreally

are.

【語用信息】：disapproval?...sensationalist

headlines...聳人聽聞的新聞標題

?Thepictureswere

sensationalist

andcouldseriouslydisturbyoungerreaders.這些圖片大肆渲染,會讓一些比較年輕的讀者們惶恐不安.

外刊例句：Lastmonthitbroadcastanot-uncharacteristically

sensationalist

reportaboutgrenade

attacksinNairobi,withalargeon-screenbannerscreaming

"VIOLENCE",implyingawaveofviolentdisturbanceswheninfact

theattackwasaone-offincident.

()它于上個月播報了一則關于內(nèi)羅畢炸彈襲擊的聳人聽聞的新聞,在屏幕上輔以極大標題"暴力”二字,暗指將發(fā)生一系列暴力襲擊,但實際上這次襲擊只是一次與他人無關的意外.

替換表達：sensational

學生錯誤表達：(1)

appalling點評：appalling含義是Causingconsternationordismay;frightful,比如appallingworkingconditions可怕的工作條件/

appallingviolence駭人的暴行一般不能用來指新聞報道聳人聽聞.

Q：有些時候是形容詞修飾名詞,有些時候是名詞修飾名詞,這兩者之間有什么區(qū)別嗎?還是說名詞修飾名詞一般是固定表達,而通常是用形容詞修飾名詞呢?望老師解答,謝謝老師.A：名詞修飾名詞的情況一般是固定表達,比如attentionspan,panicattack等,遇到這種情況可以當成特例記憶下來.

Incountriesthathavefreemedia,thepressisallowedto

covervirtuallyanystorythattheybelieveisnewsworthyorsimply

profitable.

[分析]本句的主干是thepressisallowed

tocovervirtuallyanystory,這是一個被動結構,thepress是主語,isallowed是謂語,tocovervirtuallyanystory是不定式作主語補足語,在這個不定式中還包含了一個that引導的定語從句thattheybelieveisnewsworthy

orsimplyprofitable,修飾story.句首是一個地點狀語從句,其中,thathavefreemedia是定語從句,修飾countries.

Theresultisthatmanyreportsspendmuchoftheirtime

stalkingcelebritieswherevertheygo,inthehopeofsnappingahumiliating

photoorobtainingasensationaliststory.

[分析]本句的主干是Theresultisthat…,這是一個主系表結構,其中表語由長長的由that引導的名詞性從句承擔,該表語從句的結構為sbspendtime

doingsth,主語為manyreports,謂語是spend,賓語是muchoftheirtime,狀語是stalkingcelebrities

wherevertheygo,這個狀語里面又包含了一個地點狀語wherevertheygo,句子最后是由inthehopeof引導的介詞短語,作目的狀語.

3.盡管犯罪報道有時候會導致一些問題,但這并不意味著媒體應該受到嚴格管控.在多數(shù)情況下,人們有權知道他們身邊正在發(fā)生著什么.如果在某一特定的區(qū)域存在大量的謀殺,而罪犯又在逃的話,告知該區(qū)域居民的必要性應該大于其他任何顧慮.Althoughthereportingofcrimecansometimesleadtocertainproblems,thisdoesnotmeanthatthemediashould

besubjecttostrictcontrols(1.受到嚴格控制).Inmostcases,peoplehavetherighttoknowwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Iftherewas

aspateof

(2.大量的)murdersinoneparticularareaandtheperpetratorremained

atlarge(3.在逃的),theneedtoinformthoselivinginthatareashould

beplacedaboveanyotherconcerns(4.置于其他顧慮之上).

1-besubjecttostrictcontrolsbesubjectto含義較多,這里是指按照法律、規(guī)定等,必須服從的.

詞典釋義：subject8.ADJ

形容詞

受…支配的;服從于…的

Ifsomeoneis

subject

to

aparticularsetofrulesorlaws,theyhave

toobeythoserulesorlaws.

【搭配模式】：v-linkADJton?ThetribunalisuniquebecauseMrJonesisnot

subject

tothenormalpolicedisciplinecode.因為瓊斯先生不受一般的治安條例法規(guī)約束,所以專門設立了特別法庭.?...arguingthatasasovereignstateitcouldnotbe

subject

toanothercountry'slaws.爭論說作為一個主權國家其不受其他國家法律的約束

外刊例句：Preciselybecauseofitscachet(orcapacityfor

exploitation),businessuseoftheword'university'

issubjecttostrictcontrols.

()"大學”一詞的商業(yè)使用受到嚴格管制,這絕對因為其威望或者說其可供開發(fā)利用的價值.

替換表達：somethingshouldbeunderstrict/tightcontrol

2-aspateof

詞典釋義：spate[spe?t]

noun

countableusuallysingular

■alargernumberofeventsthanusual,especially

unpleasantones,happeningataboutthesametime

(尤指不愉快的)大量突發(fā)事件?Policeareinvestigatinga

spate

of

burglariesintheKingslandRoadarea.警方正在調(diào)查最近在金斯蘭德路周邊地區(qū)接連發(fā)生的多宗破門竊盜案.

外刊例句：Aspateof

retirementsat

Wimbledonshowsthathobbledentrantsarereluctanttogiveuprankings

pointsandprizemoney.

()不少溫布利網(wǎng)球比賽的選手突然退賽,這表明了,不少有傷在身的選手不愿放棄排名分數(shù)和獎金.

替換表達：alargenumberof/ahostof

學生錯誤表達：(1)

alargeamountof點評：amountof后面只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,這里murder是可數(shù)名詞,不能用alargeamountof來修飾.

3-atlarge

詞典釋義：atlarge

phrase

2.

ifacriminalora

dangerousanimalisatlarge,theyhavenotbeencaught

Athird,unidentifiedpersonremainsat

large.

Thesaurus：

freeandindependentsynonym

Main

entry：

large

外刊例句：Althoughheisfrustratedthatsomanysuspectsremain

atlarge,thechiefinternational

envoytoBosnia,Austria'sWolfgangPetritsch,believesthetribunalhashad

ahelpfuleffectonthepoliticalatmosphereintheregion.

()出使波黑的奧地利國際首席大使沃夫岡·佩斯利奇雖然對許多嫌疑犯仍逍遙法外感到失望,但他認為該特別法庭對當?shù)卣制鸱e極影響.

替換表達：ontherun

4-sthbeplacedaboveanyotherconcerns詞典釋義：place[ple?s]

verb

POSITION

位置

ESSENTIAL

intransitive

or

transitive

■toputsomething

inaparticularposition

放置,安放,擺放?She

placed

theletterinfrontofme.她把信放在我面前.?She

placed

hernameonthelistof

volunteers.她把自己的名字寫在志工名單上.?I'd

place

himamongthetenmostbrilliant

scientistsofhisage.我會把他列入他那個時期最杰出的十位科學家之列.?[+obj+adj]Thehorsewas

placed

first/second/thirdinitsfirstrace(=finishedtheracein

first/second/thirdposition).那匹馬在首場比賽中獲得第一／二／三名.

concernUK

[k?n's?：n]

US

[-'s?：n]

noun

WORRY

擔心

IMPROVER

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyoufeelworriedornervousaboutsomething,orsomethingthatmakesyoufeelworried

擔心;憂慮;掛念;憂慮的事情?Concern

for

thesafetyofthetwomissingteenagersis

growing.兩名失蹤少年的安危越來越令人擔憂.?There'salotofpublic

concern

about/over

dangeroustoxinsrecentlyfoundinfood.公眾對近來在食物中發(fā)現(xiàn)危險毒素一事非常不安.?[+

that]My

concern

is

that

you'renotgettingenoughworkdone.我擔心的是你將不能完成足夠的工作.

外刊例句：ThisstrengthensthecaseforkeepingUKinterestrateson

hold,overand

aboveanyconcerns

aboutthestateoftheglobaleconomy.

()這讓維持英國利率穩(wěn)定變得更為迫切,比其他國際經(jīng)濟大事都重要.

替換表達：somethingbegivenpriorityover

學生錯誤表達：(1)

priorto點評：priorto含義是"在……之前”,例如：Allthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.所有安排都應在你離開之前完成.Priorto是指時間上的優(yōu)先級,不能用來指重要性上面的優(yōu)先級.(2)

beworthmore

than點評：beworthmore

than一般指"比……更有價值”,例如："Ipaid￡2000forthis

car.""You'vebeenhad,mate.It'snotworthmorethan￡1000."

短語用在該語境中不合適.

Q：請問besubjectto與besubjected

to在作為遭受···的時候有什么區(qū)別?A：正確的說法應該是besubjecttosomething,沒有besubjectedtosomething的說法.

besubjecttosth

■tohaveorexperienceaparticularthing,

especiallysomethingunpleasant

有;遭受,承受?Carsare

subject

toahigh

domestictax.買汽車要繳很高的國內(nèi)稅.?Inrecentyears,shehasbeen

subject

toattacksofdepression.近年來,她一直飽受憂郁癥的折磨.

Q：寫作的時候,單句用的多比較好,還是復句用的多比較好呢,比如在這里：criminalreports和thereportingofcrime哪個比較好?我個人更傾向于criminal

reports.A：一般可以采用單句和復句長短結合的方式,單句穿插在復句當中.Criminalreports和thereportingofcrime兩個都可以,在寫作時可以替換使用,避免用詞單調(diào).

Q：Iftherewasaspateofmurdersinoneparticular

areaandtheperpetratorremainedatlarge,這句話如果是虛擬語氣,was為什么不是"were”呢?另外如果只是單純的過去時,也應該用were才對,因為后面的murders屬于復數(shù)形式呀,謝謝!A：句子使用了虛擬語氣,表示一種假設意味,在這里寫成iftherewere/was都可以,但iftherewere會顯得更加老派正式,關于這一點可以參考《經(jīng)濟學人》之前提到的一個虛擬語氣用法：http：///RCCHqdR

4.新聞媒體之所以重要只是因為我們離不開它.在信息時代,保持消息靈通是很重要的,而新聞媒體在這點上扮演著無可替代的角色.Thenewsmediaisimportantsimplybecausewe

cannotdowithout

(1.離不開)it.Intheinformationage,being

wellinformed

(2.消息靈通的)iscrucialandthenewsmediaplaysan

indispensable(3.無可替代)roleinthis.

1-cannotdowithoutsomething

詞典釋義：dowithout

1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

沒有…也行,沒有…而設法對付過去

Ifyou

dowithout

something

youneed,want,orusuallyhave,youareabletosurvive,continue,or

succeedalthoughyoudonothaveit.

【語法信息】：VPn

【語法信息】：VP?Wecan't

do

without

thehelpofyour

organisation...我們不能沒有你們機構的幫助.?We'vehadabitmoremoneyandthat,andthebabydoesn't

dowithout.我們還有一點錢什么的,嬰兒沒有這些不行.

外刊例句：Likeotherairlinechiefs,QatarAirways’boss,AkbarAl

Baker,complainsofGDSs’slownessinupdatingtheirsystemstocopewithall

theseoptions,butheadmitsthatthey

cannot

dowithout

theGDSsbecausetheyprovidesuchabigshareoftheir

reservations.

()卡塔爾航空總裁貝克爾和其他航空公司老板一樣,抱怨全球分銷系統(tǒng)(GDS)更新其用于處理這些買賣優(yōu)先權的系統(tǒng)太緩慢了,不過他也承認他們無法不依靠該系統(tǒng),因為他提供了大量訂單.

替換表達：cannotgo/managewithoutsomething

學生錯誤表達：(1)

cannotlive

without點評：表達不準確,cannotlive

withoutsomething是指"離開了某事物就無法生存”.

2-wellinformed

詞典釋義：well-informed

UK

[?wel.?n'f?：md]

US

[-'f?：rmd]

adjective

■havingalotofknowledgeorinformationabouta

particularsubjectorthingsingeneral

(對某一話題或總體情況)非常熟悉的;消息靈通的

?Hewas

well-informed

andshrewd,withgood,calm

judgment.他見多識廣,精明能干且有著出色、冷靜的判斷力.?How

well-informed

isthecustomer

about

the

range,qualityandcostoftheproductsono