（高考英語作文煉句）第21篇老師譯文筆記

PAGEPAGE11.人類天生就對周圍發(fā)生的事情感到好奇,對于犯罪尤其如此.對很多人來說,犯罪雖然可怕,但同樣能引起他們的興趣.正因為如此,報紙和電視新聞簡報上充滿了對于犯罪的報道.Itis

humannature

(1.人類天性)tobecuriousabouttheeventsthathappenaroundus.

Whenitcomesto

(2.對于……)crime,thisisespeciallyso.Formany,althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared,itisalsosomethingthat

drawstheirinterest(3.吸引他們的興趣),andthereforenewspapersand

televisionnewsbulletins

(4.電視新聞簡報)arefullofreportsofcrime.

1-humannaturehumannature前面不加冠詞the或a,也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式.

詞典釋義：human

naturenoun

uncountable

■thenaturalwaysofbehavingthatmostpeopleshare

人性?Youcan'tchangehumannature.你無法改變?nèi)诵??It's

only

humannature(=Itisnatural)towant

thebestforyourchildren.希望自己的孩子得到最好的乃是人之常情.

外刊例句：ButthesuccessofschemesliketheoneinKirkleesowesas

muchtoanunderstandingofhumannature.

()但像科克里斯那種計劃之所以能成功,很大程度上歸功于對人性的深刻認(rèn)識.

替換表達：Humansarebynature…

2-Whenitcomesto注意這里to是介詞.

詞典釋義：32.PHRASE

短語

談到;涉及

Youcanusetheexpression

when

itcomesto

or

whenitcomesdownto

in

ordertointroduceanewtopicoranewaspectofatopicthatyouare

talkingabout.

【搭配模式】：PHRn/-ing?Mostofusknowweshouldcutdownonfat.Butknowing

suchthingsisn'tmuchhelpwhenit

comesto

shoppingandeating...

我們大多數(shù)人都知道應(yīng)該減少脂肪的攝入量.但是在購物和吃東西的時候,這些常識就丟到一邊去了.

?However,whenit

comes

downtosomebodythattheyknow,theyhaveadifferentfeeling.然而,涉及他們認(rèn)識的人,他們的感覺就不同了.

外刊例句：Bylettinglower-courtdecisionsstandbutnotrequiring

othercourtstoabidebytheruling,thestageissetforoddstate-by-state

ordistrict-by-districtdistinctions

when

itcomesto

themeaningoflawsortheconstitution.

()(政府)讓低級法院能維持原判,但又不要求其他法院遵從其判決,而這就造成了各州及個地區(qū)對于法律和憲法的解釋各不相同.

替換表達：forcrime

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

whenit

refersto點評：沒有whenitrefers

to的說法,應(yīng)該改為whenitcomesto

3-drawone’sinterest

詞典釋義：drawUK

[dr?：]

US

[drɑ：]

verb

(drew,

drawn)

ATTRACT

吸引

IMPROVER

transitive

■toattract

attentionorinterest

吸引,引起(興趣、注意)?He'sanexcellentspeakerwhoalways

draws

a

crowd.他很擅長演講,總能吸引大批的聽眾.?Doeshewearthoseridiculousclothesto

draw

attention?

他穿那些滑稽的衣服就是想吸引人們的注意嗎??CouldI

draw

your

attentionto

item

numberthreeontheagenda?

我可以請你看一看議程的第三項內(nèi)容嗎?

外刊例句：Theyoftenregardthesecompaniesasavisible,public

stagethattheycanuseto

draw

interest,”hesays."Theywillchangeorevolvetheirtacticstokeepthe

spotlightontheircauseaslongaspossible.”

()他說："他們經(jīng)常認(rèn)為這些公司是能讓其吸引公眾注意力的高曝光度的公眾平臺,他們會改變其策略來讓他們的事業(yè)盡可能久地處于聚光燈下.”

替換表達：drawone’seyes

4-televisionnewsbulletins

詞典釋義：bulletinUK

['b?l.?.t?n]

US

[-t??n]

noun

countable

■ashortnewsprogrammeontelevisionorradiooftenabout

somethingthathasjusthappened,orashortnewspaperprintedbyan

organization

(電視或電臺的)新聞快報;(機構(gòu)的)簡報?anhourlynews

bulletin整點新聞快報?Thecompanypublishesafortnightly

bulletin

for

itsstaff.這家公司每兩周為員工出一期簡報.

例句：When

stockmarketsfallprecipitately,thestorymakesthenightly

televisionnewsbulletins.()隨著股票市場迅速崩塌,這個故事就變成了每晚播出的新聞快報.

Q：對翻譯來講,在保證正確的基礎(chǔ)上,是否用越多的句式,越高級的詞語就越好呢?應(yīng)該是不一定的吧?A：不一定的,是否用高級的單詞要看這個詞是否能在語境中精確表達出意思,如果不夠精確,就不能用.關(guān)于這方面的知識,推薦你去看OnWritingWell這本書.

Formany,althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared,itis

alsosomethingthatdrawstheirinterest,andthereforenewspaperand

televisionnewsbulletinsarefullofreportsofcrime.

[分析]本句是一個由and連接的并列句,其前一分句的主干為itisalsosomethingthatdrawstheirinterest,這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其中主語it指代crime,表語為something

thatdrawstheirinterest,其中包含了一個定語從句thatdrawstheir

interest,修飾something.句首For

many和althoughcrimeissomethingtobefeared為兩個狀語.該句的后一分句為thereforenewspaperandtelevisionnewsbulletinsarefullof

reportsofcrime,這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其中,therefore為狀語,newspaperandtelevisionnewsbulletins為主語,fullofreportsofcrime為表語.

2.在媒體自由的國家,媒體被允許報道幾乎任何他們認(rèn)為有新聞價值或者僅僅有利可圖的新聞.這產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果就是很多記者花費大量時間跟蹤名人,無論這些名人去了哪里.他們希望可以抓拍到(名人)羞辱性的照片,或者得到聳人聽聞的故事.Incountriesthathavefreemedia,thepressisallowedtocovervirtuallyanystorythattheybelieveis

newsworthy

(1.有新聞價值的)orsimplyprofitable.Theresultisthatmanyreportersspendmuchoftheirtime

stalking

(2.跟蹤)celebritieswherevertheygo,inthehopeof

snapping

(3.抓拍)ahumiliatingphotoorobtaininga

sensationalist

(4.聳人聽聞的)story.

1-newsworthy

詞典釋義：newsworthy

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

有報道價值的;有新聞價值的;值得報道的

Anevent,fact,orpersonthatis

newsworthy

isconsideredtobe

interestingenoughtobereportedinnewspapersorontheradioor

television.?Thenumberofdeathsmakesthestory

newsworthy...死亡人數(shù)使這篇報道具有了新聞價值.

?Thissituationmightdevelopintoanevenmore

newsworthy

itemifthepolicewereinvolved.如果警方涉入的話,這個局面就會變得更有新聞價值了.

外刊例句：BhumibolAdulyadej,the88-year-oldkingofThailand,has

beeninpoorhealthforsolongthateachfreshboutofillnessseemsscarcely

newsworthy.()普密蓬·阿杜德這位88歲的泰國國王長期以來身體都不好,以至于其病況更新都難稱得上具有新聞價值.

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

valuable點評：表達不夠準(zhǔn)確,valuable是泛指某事物有價值,沒有表達出"新聞”這一層含義.

2-stalking

詞典釋義：stalkUK

[st?：k]

US

[stɑ：k]

verb

FOLLOW

跟隨

transitive

■tofollowan

animalorpersonascloselyaspossiblewithoutbeingseenorheard,usually

inordertocatchorkillthem

跟蹤,悄悄地靠近(獵物或人)

?Thepolicehadbeen

stalking

thewomanfora

weekbeforetheyarrestedher.警方逮捕那個女人之前已經(jīng)跟蹤了她一個星期.intransitive

or

transitive

■toillegally

followandwatchsomeone,usuallyawoman,overaperiodoftime

(在一段時期內(nèi))非法跟蹤騷擾(通常指女性)?Hewasarrestedfor

stalking.他因跟蹤騷擾女性而被捕.

外刊例句：Meanwhile,GrahamArnoldandKevinMuscatspentmuchof

theirtime

stalking

thetouchline

andberatingthefourthofficial.

()與此同時,格萊漢姆·阿諾德和凱文·慕斯卡特耗費大量時間來騷擾邊裁和辱罵第四裁判員.

替換表達：follow

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

track點評：track一般是指"找尋,追蹤(犯人或獵物)”,例如：PolicehavebeentrackingthefourcriminalsalloverCentral

America.警方一直在中美洲到處追捕這四名犯人.這里用來指娛樂記者對明星的跟蹤不太恰當(dāng).(2)

trace點評：trace是指"找到,查出”,例如：Policearetryingtotraceayoungwomanwhowasseennearthe

accident.警方在設(shè)法尋找目擊者稱在事故現(xiàn)場附近出現(xiàn)過的一名年輕女子.(3)

tail點評：拼寫錯誤,tail不可與trail混淆.

3-snap

詞典釋義：snap[sn?p]

verb

(-pp-)

PHOTOGRAPH

攝影

intransitive

or

transitive

■totakealotof

photographsquickly

拍快照?Hewasarrestedfor

snapping

photosofa

militaryparade.他因拍攝了閱兵的快照而被逮捕.?She'sverypleasedwithhernewcameraandwas

snapping

away

thewholetimewewereabroad.她對自己的新相機十分滿意,我們在國外時,她一直不停地拍照.

例句：Theinventionofthehandheldcameraappalled19th-century

society,asdidthe"Kodakfiends”whopatrolledbeaches

snapping

sunbathers.()手持式相機在十九世紀(jì)引起了轟動,與此同時,那些在沙灘游蕩偷拍日光浴者的"柯達粉絲”也不妨多讓.

替換表達：getasnapshotof

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

take/get點評：take/get不能體現(xiàn)出"抓拍”這一層含義.

4-sensationalist

詞典釋義：sensationalist

1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

(新聞報道、電視廣播節(jié)目)聳人聽聞的,追求轟動效應(yīng)的

Sensationalist

newsreportsandtelevisionandradioprogrammespresentthe

factsinawaythatmakesthemseemworseormoreshockingthantheyreally

are.

【語用信息】：disapproval?...sensationalist

headlines...聳人聽聞的新聞標(biāo)題

?Thepictureswere

sensationalist

andcouldseriouslydisturbyoungerreaders.這些圖片大肆渲染,會讓一些比較年輕的讀者們惶恐不安.

外刊例句：Lastmonthitbroadcastanot-uncharacteristically

sensationalist

reportaboutgrenade

attacksinNairobi,withalargeon-screenbannerscreaming

"VIOLENCE",implyingawaveofviolentdisturbanceswheninfact

theattackwasaone-offincident.

()它于上個月播報了一則關(guān)于內(nèi)羅畢炸彈襲擊的聳人聽聞的新聞,在屏幕上輔以極大標(biāo)題"暴力”二字,暗指將發(fā)生一系列暴力襲擊,但實際上這次襲擊只是一次與他人無關(guān)的意外.

替換表達：sensational

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

appalling點評：appalling含義是Causingconsternationordismay;frightful,比如appallingworkingconditions可怕的工作條件/

appallingviolence駭人的暴行一般不能用來指新聞報道聳人聽聞.

Q：有些時候是形容詞修飾名詞,有些時候是名詞修飾名詞,這兩者之間有什么區(qū)別嗎?還是說名詞修飾名詞一般是固定表達,而通常是用形容詞修飾名詞呢?望老師解答,謝謝老師.A：名詞修飾名詞的情況一般是固定表達,比如attentionspan,panicattack等,遇到這種情況可以當(dāng)成特例記憶下來.

Incountriesthathavefreemedia,thepressisallowedto

covervirtuallyanystorythattheybelieveisnewsworthyorsimply

profitable.

[分析]本句的主干是thepressisallowed

tocovervirtuallyanystory,這是一個被動結(jié)構(gòu),thepress是主語,isallowed是謂語,tocovervirtuallyanystory是不定式作主語補足語,在這個不定式中還包含了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句thattheybelieveisnewsworthy

orsimplyprofitable,修飾story.句首是一個地點狀語從句,其中,thathavefreemedia是定語從句,修飾countries.

Theresultisthatmanyreportsspendmuchoftheirtime

stalkingcelebritieswherevertheygo,inthehopeofsnappingahumiliating

photoorobtainingasensationaliststory.

[分析]本句的主干是Theresultisthat…,這是一個主系表結(jié)構(gòu),其中表語由長長的由that引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句承擔(dān),該表語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)為sbspendtime

doingsth,主語為manyreports,謂語是spend,賓語是muchoftheirtime,狀語是stalkingcelebrities

wherevertheygo,這個狀語里面又包含了一個地點狀語wherevertheygo,句子最后是由inthehopeof引導(dǎo)的介詞短語,作目的狀語.

3.盡管犯罪報道有時候會導(dǎo)致一些問題,但這并不意味著媒體應(yīng)該受到嚴(yán)格管控.在多數(shù)情況下,人們有權(quán)知道他們身邊正在發(fā)生著什么.如果在某一特定的區(qū)域存在大量的謀殺,而罪犯又在逃的話,告知該區(qū)域居民的必要性應(yīng)該大于其他任何顧慮.Althoughthereportingofcrimecansometimesleadtocertainproblems,thisdoesnotmeanthatthemediashould

besubjecttostrictcontrols(1.受到嚴(yán)格控制).Inmostcases,peoplehavetherighttoknowwhatisgoingonaroundthem.Iftherewas

aspateof

(2.大量的)murdersinoneparticularareaandtheperpetratorremained

atlarge(3.在逃的),theneedtoinformthoselivinginthatareashould

beplacedaboveanyotherconcerns(4.置于其他顧慮之上).

1-besubjecttostrictcontrolsbesubjectto含義較多,這里是指按照法律、規(guī)定等,必須服從的.

詞典釋義：subject8.ADJ

形容詞

受…支配的;服從于…的

Ifsomeoneis

subject

to

aparticularsetofrulesorlaws,theyhave

toobeythoserulesorlaws.

【搭配模式】：v-linkADJton?ThetribunalisuniquebecauseMrJonesisnot

subject

tothenormalpolicedisciplinecode.因為瓊斯先生不受一般的治安條例法規(guī)約束,所以專門設(shè)立了特別法庭.?...arguingthatasasovereignstateitcouldnotbe

subject

toanothercountry'slaws.爭論說作為一個主權(quán)國家其不受其他國家法律的約束

外刊例句：Preciselybecauseofitscachet(orcapacityfor

exploitation),businessuseoftheword'university'

issubjecttostrictcontrols.

()"大學(xué)”一詞的商業(yè)使用受到嚴(yán)格管制,這絕對因為其威望或者說其可供開發(fā)利用的價值.

替換表達：somethingshouldbeunderstrict/tightcontrol

2-aspateof

詞典釋義：spate[spe?t]

noun

countableusuallysingular

■alargernumberofeventsthanusual,especially

unpleasantones,happeningataboutthesametime

(尤指不愉快的)大量突發(fā)事件?Policeareinvestigatinga

spate

of

burglariesintheKingslandRoadarea.警方正在調(diào)查最近在金斯蘭德路周邊地區(qū)接連發(fā)生的多宗破門竊盜案.

外刊例句：Aspateof

retirementsat

Wimbledonshowsthathobbledentrantsarereluctanttogiveuprankings

pointsandprizemoney.

()不少溫布利網(wǎng)球比賽的選手突然退賽,這表明了,不少有傷在身的選手不愿放棄排名分?jǐn)?shù)和獎金.

替換表達：alargenumberof/ahostof

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

alargeamountof點評：amountof后面只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞,這里murder是可數(shù)名詞,不能用alargeamountof來修飾.

3-atlarge

詞典釋義：atlarge

phrase

2.

ifacriminalora

dangerousanimalisatlarge,theyhavenotbeencaught

Athird,unidentifiedpersonremainsat

large.

Thesaurus：

freeandindependentsynonym

Main

entry：

large

外刊例句：Althoughheisfrustratedthatsomanysuspectsremain

atlarge,thechiefinternational

envoytoBosnia,Austria'sWolfgangPetritsch,believesthetribunalhashad

ahelpfuleffectonthepoliticalatmosphereintheregion.

()出使波黑的奧地利國際首席大使沃夫?qū)づ逅估骐m然對許多嫌疑犯仍逍遙法外感到失望,但他認(rèn)為該特別法庭對當(dāng)?shù)卣制鸱e極影響.

替換表達：ontherun

4-sthbeplacedaboveanyotherconcerns詞典釋義：place[ple?s]

verb

POSITION

位置

ESSENTIAL

intransitive

or

transitive

■toputsomething

inaparticularposition

放置,安放,擺放?She

placed

theletterinfrontofme.她把信放在我面前.?She

placed

hernameonthelistof

volunteers.她把自己的名字寫在志工名單上.?I'd

place

himamongthetenmostbrilliant

scientistsofhisage.我會把他列入他那個時期最杰出的十位科學(xué)家之列.?[+obj+adj]Thehorsewas

placed

first/second/thirdinitsfirstrace(=finishedtheracein

first/second/thirdposition).那匹馬在首場比賽中獲得第一／二／三名.

concernUK

[k?n's?：n]

US

[-'s?：n]

noun

WORRY

擔(dān)心

IMPROVER

countable

or

uncountable

■whenyoufeelworriedornervousaboutsomething,orsomethingthatmakesyoufeelworried

擔(dān)心;憂慮;掛念;憂慮的事情?Concern

for

thesafetyofthetwomissingteenagersis

growing.兩名失蹤少年的安危越來越令人擔(dān)憂.?There'salotofpublic

concern

about/over

dangeroustoxinsrecentlyfoundinfood.公眾對近來在食物中發(fā)現(xiàn)危險毒素一事非常不安.?[+

that]My

concern

is

that

you'renotgettingenoughworkdone.我擔(dān)心的是你將不能完成足夠的工作.

外刊例句：ThisstrengthensthecaseforkeepingUKinterestrateson

hold,overand

aboveanyconcerns

aboutthestateoftheglobaleconomy.

()這讓維持英國利率穩(wěn)定變得更為迫切,比其他國際經(jīng)濟大事都重要.

替換表達：somethingbegivenpriorityover

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

priorto點評：priorto含義是"在……之前”,例如：Allthearrangementsshouldbecompletedpriortoyourdeparture.所有安排都應(yīng)在你離開之前完成.Priorto是指時間上的優(yōu)先級,不能用來指重要性上面的優(yōu)先級.(2)

beworthmore

than點評：beworthmore

than一般指"比……更有價值”,例如："Ipaid￡2000forthis

car.""You'vebeenhad,mate.It'snotworthmorethan￡1000."

短語用在該語境中不合適.

Q：請問besubjectto與besubjected

to在作為遭受···的時候有什么區(qū)別?A：正確的說法應(yīng)該是besubjecttosomething,沒有besubjectedtosomething的說法.

besubjecttosth

■tohaveorexperienceaparticularthing,

especiallysomethingunpleasant

有;遭受,承受?Carsare

subject

toahigh

domestictax.買汽車要繳很高的國內(nèi)稅.?Inrecentyears,shehasbeen

subject

toattacksofdepression.近年來,她一直飽受憂郁癥的折磨.

Q：寫作的時候,單句用的多比較好,還是復(fù)句用的多比較好呢,比如在這里：criminalreports和thereportingofcrime哪個比較好?我個人更傾向于criminal

reports.A：一般可以采用單句和復(fù)句長短結(jié)合的方式,單句穿插在復(fù)句當(dāng)中.Criminalreports和thereportingofcrime兩個都可以,在寫作時可以替換使用,避免用詞單調(diào).

Q：Iftherewasaspateofmurdersinoneparticular

areaandtheperpetratorremainedatlarge,這句話如果是虛擬語氣,was為什么不是"were”呢?另外如果只是單純的過去時,也應(yīng)該用were才對,因為后面的murders屬于復(fù)數(shù)形式呀,謝謝!A：句子使用了虛擬語氣,表示一種假設(shè)意味,在這里寫成iftherewere/was都可以,但iftherewere會顯得更加老派正式,關(guān)于這一點可以參考《經(jīng)濟學(xué)人》之前提到的一個虛擬語氣用法：http：///RCCHqdR

4.新聞媒體之所以重要只是因為我們離不開它.在信息時代,保持消息靈通是很重要的,而新聞媒體在這點上扮演著無可替代的角色.Thenewsmediaisimportantsimplybecausewe

cannotdowithout

(1.離不開)it.Intheinformationage,being

wellinformed

(2.消息靈通的)iscrucialandthenewsmediaplaysan

indispensable(3.無可替代)roleinthis.

1-cannotdowithoutsomething

詞典釋義：dowithout

1.PHRASAL

VERB

短語動詞

沒有…也行,沒有…而設(shè)法對付過去

Ifyou

dowithout

something

youneed,want,orusuallyhave,youareabletosurvive,continue,or

succeedalthoughyoudonothaveit.

【語法信息】：VPn

【語法信息】：VP?Wecan't

do

without

thehelpofyour

organisation...我們不能沒有你們機構(gòu)的幫助.?We'vehadabitmoremoneyandthat,andthebabydoesn't

dowithout.我們還有一點錢什么的,嬰兒沒有這些不行.

外刊例句：Likeotherairlinechiefs,QatarAirways’boss,AkbarAl

Baker,complainsofGDSs’slownessinupdatingtheirsystemstocopewithall

theseoptions,butheadmitsthatthey

cannot

dowithout

theGDSsbecausetheyprovidesuchabigshareoftheir

reservations.

()卡塔爾航空總裁貝克爾和其他航空公司老板一樣,抱怨全球分銷系統(tǒng)(GDS)更新其用于處理這些買賣優(yōu)先權(quán)的系統(tǒng)太緩慢了,不過他也承認(rèn)他們無法不依靠該系統(tǒng),因為他提供了大量訂單.

替換表達：cannotgo/managewithoutsomething

學(xué)生錯誤表達：(1)

cannotlive

without點評：表達不準(zhǔn)確,cannotlive

withoutsomething是指"離開了某事物就無法生存”.

2-wellinformed

詞典釋義：well-informed

UK

[?wel.?n'f?：md]

US

[-'f?：rmd]

adjective

■havingalotofknowledgeorinformationabouta

particularsubjectorthingsingeneral

(對某一話題或總體情況)非常熟悉的;消息靈通的

?Hewas

well-informed

andshrewd,withgood,calm

judgment.他見多識廣,精明能干且有著出色、冷靜的判斷力.?How

well-informed

isthecustomer

about

the

range,qualityandcostoftheproductsono