（高考英語作文煉句）第56篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.一般情況下都是年輕人最早接受新觀念和新思想.很重要的一點(diǎn)是政府與時(shí)代步伐保持一致,并且對(duì)新發(fā)展迅速做出反應(yīng),因此至少應(yīng)該讓年輕人對(duì)于決策有一定程度的影響.Typically,itistheyoungergenerationwhoarethefirstto

embracenewconceptsandideas(1.接受新觀念和新思想).Itisimportantthatgovernments

remaininstepwiththetimes

(2.與時(shí)代步伐保持一致)andreactquicklytonewdevelopments,sogivingyoungpeopleatleastsomeinfluenceon

decision-making

(3.決策)isadvisable.

1-embracenewconceptsandideas

詞典釋義：embrace[?m'bre?s]

verb

ACCEPT

接受

ADVANCED

transitive

formal

■toacceptsomethingenthusiastically

欣然接受;樂意采納?Thiswasanopportunitythathewould

embrace.這樣的機(jī)會(huì)他是求之不得的.

conceptUK

['k?n.sept]

US

['kɑ：n-]

noun

countable

IMPROVER

■aprincipleoridea

原則;概念;觀念;想法

?Thevery

concept

of

freespeechisunknown

tothem.他們沒有言論自由的概念.?Itisverydifficulttodefinethe

concept

of

beauty.很難給美這個(gè)概念下一個(gè)定義.?Ifailedtograspthefilm'scentral

concept.我理解不到這部電影的中心思想.?Kleenbriteisawhole

newconcept

in

toothpaste!

Kleenbrite

是牙膏生產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)全新概念!

外刊例句：Countrieswithaplethoraofsmallproducersandantiquatedregulationsfinditharderto

embracenewideas

andinvestintechnology,tocontrolqualityandtospreadbestpractice.

()國(guó)家若存在過多小生產(chǎn)商,且相應(yīng)法規(guī)陳舊刻板,那么國(guó)家將難以接受新概念、投資新技術(shù)、控制質(zhì)量、傳播優(yōu)秀做法.

替換表達(dá)：openone’smindtonewconceptsandideas/adoptnewconceptsand

ideas

2-remaininstepwiththetimes

詞典釋義：instep

■whenyouliftyour

feetoffthegroundandputthemdownagainatthesametimeasotherpeople

齊步,步伐一致

■1.Thesoldiers

marchedin

step.step1士兵齊步前進(jìn).

■*describesopinions,ideasorwaysoflivingthatarethe

sameasthoseofotherpeople

(意見、觀點(diǎn)或生活方式)合拍,協(xié)調(diào),一致

?Televisioncompaniesneedto

keep

in

step

with

publicopinion.電視公司需要順應(yīng)民意.

外刊例句：Insteadofloadingupthenextglobalclimate

agreementwithforeignaidobligationsthattheUnitedStatescannotaccept,

Europeshouldproposefinancialcommitmentsthatare

instepwiththetimes,market-based,andthatgrowasour

economiesrecover.

()歐盟在下一份應(yīng)對(duì)全球氣候變化協(xié)議中不該加入那些美國(guó)不會(huì)接受的外國(guó)援助義務(wù),而是應(yīng)該提出一些財(cái)政協(xié)定,這些協(xié)定應(yīng)該與時(shí)俱進(jìn),貼合市場(chǎng)動(dòng)態(tài),能隨著我們經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇而漸漸發(fā)展.

替換表達(dá)：movewiththetimes/keepabreastofthetimes

3-decision-making

詞典釋義：decision-making

nounU

1.theprocessofmakingimportantdecisions決策：?attemptsto

involveworkersindecision-making讓工人們參與決策的嘗試

外刊例句：Psychologists,however,havelongstudiedthe

waysthatexternalfactorssuchastheseinfluenceour

decision-making.

()然而,心理學(xué)家一直有研究這種外部因素會(huì)如何影響我們的抉擇.

2.年輕人能有機(jī)會(huì)在真正有權(quán)威的職位上獲得好的實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)也很重要.如果人們不太愿意讓年輕人進(jìn)入政府,那么未來領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者的能力就會(huì)受到影響,因?yàn)樗麄儧]有機(jī)會(huì)在年輕時(shí)磨練他們的技能.Itisalsoofimportancethatyoungpeoplehavethechancetogaingoodpracticalexperiencein

positionsofrealauthority(1.真正有權(quán)威的職位).Ifpeople

arereluctantto

(2.不太愿意)letyoungerpeopleintogovernmentthenitcouldaffecttheabilityoffutureleadersastheyhavenowayofhoningtheirskillsatanearlyage.

1-realauthority

詞典釋義：authorityUK

[?：'θ?r.?.ti]

US

[?'θ?：r.?.t?i]

noun

POWER

權(quán)力

ESSENTIAL

uncountable

■themoralorlegalrightorabilitytocontrol

威信;權(quán)力;管轄權(quán)?TheUnitedNationshas

used/exerted/exercised

its

authority

to

restorepeaceinthearea.聯(lián)合國(guó)行使其權(quán)力以恢復(fù)該地區(qū)的和平.?Weneedtogetthesupportofsomeone

in

authority

(=animportantorhigh-rankingperson).我們需要得到一個(gè)有實(shí)權(quán)的人的支持.?They'vebeenactingillegallyandwithout

authority

(=permission)fromthecouncil.他們的行動(dòng)都是非法的,而且沒有得到市政委員會(huì)的授權(quán).?[+

to

infinitive]I'llgivemylawyers

authority

(=permission)

to

actonmybehalf.我將授權(quán)我的律師代表我處理.?He'sgotno

authority

over

(=abilityto

control)hisstudents.他在學(xué)生面前沒有威信.?Shespoke

with

authority

(=asifshewasin

controlorhadspecialknowledge).她說話時(shí)一副權(quán)威的口吻.

外刊例句：Iftheactingissuperb,it’sgiven

realauthority

bythedancing.

()如說這組動(dòng)作精彩絕倫,那么肯定是其舞蹈賦予了其威嚴(yán)之勢(shì).

2-bereluctanttodo

詞典釋義：reluctant[r?'l?k.t?nt]

adjective

IMPROVER

■notwillingtodosomethingandthereforeslowtodoit

勉強(qiáng)的;不情愿的?[+

to

infinitive]IwashavingsuchagoodtimeI

was

reluctant

to

leave.我玩得很開心,都不愿意離開了.?Manyparentsfeel

reluctant

to

talkopenly

withtheirchildren.很多父母都不愿意和兒女們敞開心扉交談.?Shepersuadedher

reluctant

husbandtotakeatrip

toFloridawithher.她說服了丈夫跟她一起去佛羅里達(dá)旅游,盡管他不太情愿.

外刊例句：Iran,whichhad

beenreluctanttoreduce

outputsosoonafterreturningto

internationalmarkets,agreedtoatokenincrease.

()伊朗曾在重新進(jìn)入全球(石油)市場(chǎng)后,長(zhǎng)期不愿減產(chǎn),現(xiàn)在也同意只象征性地增產(chǎn).

替換表達(dá)：beunwillingtodosomething

3.人口老齡化的國(guó)家通常都會(huì)面臨所謂的養(yǎng)老金危機(jī),即沒有足夠的錢來給更多的養(yǎng)老金領(lǐng)取者.由于老年人往往有更多的健康問題,醫(yī)療保健體系也將承受更多的壓力.Countrieswithanagingpopulation

(1.人口老齡化的國(guó)家)oftenfaceaso-called

pensionscrisis

(2.養(yǎng)老金危機(jī))wherethereisnotenoughmoneyfortheenlargednumberofpensioners.Sinceolderpeopletendtohavemorehealthproblems,thereisalso

extrastrain

(3.更多的壓力)placedonthehealthcaresystem.

1-countrieswithanagingpopulation

詞典釋義：ag·ing/?ed???

;

?e?d???/adjectiveonlybeforenoun

also

ageing

BrE

1.becomingold變老的;變舊的：?agingmoviestars日益年邁的電影明星?Europe'sageingpopulation(=withmoreoldpeoplethanbefore)歐洲漸漸老齡化的人口

外刊例句：ANewWaytoPleaseYoudoesnotbeginwith

politiciansagonisingorstrategisingabouthowtodealwith

anagingpopulation.

()"用新花樣取悅你”并非以一群對(duì)于人口老年化問題而苦不堪言或?qū)に伎嘞氲恼渭襾黹_場(chǎng).

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Theaging

peoplecountries點(diǎn)評(píng)：這里需要調(diào)整語序,改為countries

withanagingpopulation

2-pensionscrisis

詞典釋義：pension['pent.??n]

noun

countable

ESSENTIAL

■asumofmoneypaidregularlybythegovernmentora

privatecompanytoapersonwhodoesnotworkanymorebecausetheyaretoo

oldortheyhavebecomeill

養(yǎng)老金;退休金;撫恤金

?Theyfindithardtoliveontheirstate

pension.他們覺得靠政府的養(yǎng)老金很難生活下去.?Hewon'tbeableto

draw

(=receive)his

pension

untilhe's65.他要等到65歲以后才能領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金.

外刊例句：A

pensionscrisis

hasbeenbrewing

fordecadesanditisnotconfinedtoDallas.()養(yǎng)老金危機(jī)在過去數(shù)十年間,一直在醞釀,這問題可非只限于達(dá)拉斯一地.

3-extrastrain

詞典釋義：extra['ek.str?]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■addedtowhatisnormal

額外的;附加的

?Ifyouneedany

extra

help,justcallme.如果還需要其他的幫助,盡管打電話給我.?Recentlyhe'sbeenworkingan

extra

twohoursa

day.最近他每日都加班兩小時(shí).?Thepriceincludestravelandaccommodationbutmealsare

extra

(=thereisanadditionalchargeformeals).這個(gè)價(jià)格包括旅費(fèi)和住宿費(fèi),但是餐費(fèi)要另計(jì).

strain[stre?n]

noun

PRESSURE

壓力

IMPROVER

[CusuallysingularorU]

■aforceorinfluencethatstretches,pullsorputs

pressureonsomething,sometimescausingdamage

壓力;拉力,張力;作用力?Thehurricane

put

sucha

strain

on

thebridgethatitcollapsed.在颶風(fēng)強(qiáng)大的威力之下,橋塌了.?Asyougetolder,excessweight

puts

alotof

strain

on

theheart.隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),體重過重會(huì)給心臟造成很大負(fù)擔(dān).?Theirconstantargumentswere

putting

a

strain

on

theirmarriage.他們持續(xù)不斷的爭(zhēng)吵使他們的婚姻關(guān)系非常緊張.?Therecentdeclineinthedollarhas

puta

bigger

strain

on

theeconomicsystem.最近美元的貶值為經(jīng)濟(jì)體系帶來更大壓力.?Migrationintothecitiesis

putting

a

strain

on

alreadystretchedresources.城市新移民為原本就已吃緊的資源造成更大壓力.

外刊例句：Leaguetablesput

extrastrain

onbothteachersandpupilsandshouldbeabolished

immediately.

()排名表給老師和學(xué)生都帶來了額外壓力,應(yīng)該盡快廢除.

替換表達(dá)：extrapressure

Q：Countrieswithanaging

population：為什么這里的countries是復(fù)數(shù)但是with后面卻是單數(shù)的population呢?A：population在這里是可數(shù)名詞,anagingpopulation是泛指"老齡化的人口”,相當(dāng)于aging

populations,因此該表達(dá)也可以改為countrieswithaging

populations

Q：養(yǎng)老金危機(jī)pensionscrisis

：不明白這里為什么要用復(fù)數(shù)的pensions,用單數(shù)的pension可以嗎?A：pensionscrisis是一個(gè)固定說法,可以記住.

4.經(jīng)濟(jì)移民往往是處于工作年齡的年輕人,因此實(shí)施相對(duì)開明的移民政策是使就業(yè)市場(chǎng)得到充分供給,并防止人口過分老化的一個(gè)有效方法.Economicmigrants

(1.經(jīng)濟(jì)移民)tendtobe

youngpeopleofworkingage(2.處于工作年齡的年輕人),soimplementingarelatively

liberal

(3.開明的)immigrationpolicyisaneffectivewayof

keepingthejobmarketwellsupplied

(4.使就業(yè)市場(chǎng)得到充分供給)andpreventingthepopulationfrombeingoverlyaged.

1-economicmigrants

詞典釋義：economic

migrant

?economic

'migrant

noun

apersonwhomovesfrom

theirowncountrytoanewcountryinordertofindworkorhaveabetter

standardofliving

經(jīng)濟(jì)移民(以找工作或?qū)で蟾呱钏綖槟康?：

Theyclaimedtheywerepoliticalrefugeesandnoteconomic

migrants.

他們宣稱自己是政治難民,不是經(jīng)濟(jì)移民.

外刊例句：Economic

migrants

arebydefinitionamobilelabourforce.

()經(jīng)濟(jì)移民肯定屬于移動(dòng)勞動(dòng)力.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Theeconomic

migrants點(diǎn)評(píng)："經(jīng)濟(jì)移民”在這里是泛指,應(yīng)該寫成economic

migrants,而不能寫成theeconomicmigrants

2-ofworkingage

詞典釋義：workingUK

['w?：.k??]

US

['w?：-]

adjective

[beforenoun]

JOB

工作

IMPROVER

■relatingtowork

工作的

?a37-hour

working

week一周工作37小時(shí)?Working

conditions/practices

inthemillhavehardlychangedoverthelasttwentyyears.過去20年來,這家磨坊的工作條件／方式幾乎沒有改變.?Shehasadifficult

working

relationship

withmanyofherstaff.她與很多員工的工作關(guān)系都不好.

外刊例句：Wecan’taffordtospend￡100bnonwelfare

paymentsforpeople

ofworkingage

when

wehavesuchdebts.

()我們?nèi)羧员池?fù)如此多債務(wù),將無法支付正處工作年齡段公民高達(dá)1000億英鎊的福利開支.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：intheageof

working點(diǎn)評(píng)：用詞不當(dāng),intheage

ofsomething是指"處于……的年代”,例如intheageofrapid

economicdevelopment是指"處于經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的年代”,不能用intheageof

working來指"處于工作年齡的年輕人”.

3-liberal

詞典釋義：liberalUK

['l?b.?r.?l/

UK

[-r?l]

US

[-?-]

adjective

SOCIETY

社會(huì)

ADVANCED

■respectingandallowingmanydifferenttypesofbeliefs

orbehaviour

自由開放的,開放的,開明的?a

liberal

society/attitude自由開放的社會(huì)／態(tài)度?Herparentswerefarmore

liberal

thanmine.她父母比我父母開明得多.

外刊例句：YoungBritonshaveturnedstrikingly

liberal,inaclassicalsense.

()從傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)看來,英國(guó)年輕人已變得非常開明,甚至開明到讓人詫異.

替換表達(dá)：enlightened/open

4-keepingthejobmarketwellsupplied

詞典釋義：supplied1.ADJ-GRADED