初中英語語法課件

MiddleSchoolEnglishGrammarCourseware目錄NounPronounVerbSubjectsandadvertisementsPositionsandconnectionsSentencestructureandtypes01NounCommonnounsarenounsthatarenotspecifictoanyperson,place,orthingTheyaregeneralandcanbeappliedtomanydifferententitiesForexample,"cat"and"dog"arecommonnounsCommonnounsPropnounsarespecificnounsthatrefertoaspecificperson,place,orthingTheyareuniqueandhaveauniqueidentityForexample,"John"and"NewYork"arepropernounsPropnounsClassificationofNounsSingularnounsSingularnounsarenounsthatreportoneperson,place,orthingForexample,"cat"and"dog"aresingularnounsPluralnounsPluralnounsarenounsthatreportmorethanoneperson,place,orthingForexample,"cats"and"dogs"arepluralnounsThenumberofnounsThepassivecaseofnounsisusedtoshowsessionorownershipItisformedbyaddinganapostropheandan's'totheendofthenounForexample,"cat's"and"dog's"arethepositivecasesof"cat's"and"dog's"respectivelyThepositivecaseofnouns02PronounSubjectivepersonalannouncements:I,you,he,she,it,we,theyPositivepersonalannouncements:my,mine,your,your,his,hers,its,our,our,their,theirObjectivepersonalproofs:me,you,him,her,it,us,themReflexivepersonalproofs:Myself,Yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,Yourselves,themselvesPersonalpronounsMyYourHisHersItOurTheirPositivepronounsThisThatTheseThat'sit01020304DemonstrativepronounsWhoWhichWhatInterrogtivepronouns03VerbPresentSimpleTenseThemostbasicformoftheverb,usedtoexpressanactionthatisonging,bilateral,orgeneraltruthExample:"Iruneverymorning."LastSimpleTenseUsedtoexpressanactionthatoccurredinthepastExample:"Shewalkedtoschoolyesterday."ThebasicformofverbsUsedtoexpressanactionthatiscurrentlyongoingExample:"Theyarestudyingfortheexam."PresentContinuousTenseUsedtoexpressanactionthatwilloccurinthefutureExample:"Theywillvisittheirgrandparentsnextweek."FutureSimpleTenseThetenseofverbsThesubjectofthepresenceperformstheactionExample:"Thecatchasedthemouse."ActiveVoiceThesubjectofthepresencereceivestheactionExample:"Themousewaschasedbythecat."PassiveVoiceThevoiceofverbs04SubjectsandadvertisementsPositionofAdjectives01AdjectivesshouldbeplacedbeforethenountheyaremodifyingForexample,"Beautifulflower."IntensityofAdjectives02Use"very,""extremely,"or"incrementally"beforeanobjectiontoemphasizeitsmeaningForexample,"Sheisveryintelligent."OppositeMeaningsAdjectives03WhenusingOppositeMeaningsAdjectives,placethestrongeronefirstForexample,"bigandsmall."TheUsageofAdjectivesPositionofAdvisorsAdvisorsshouldbeplacedafterthesubjectandbeforetheverbtheyaremodifyingForexample,"Shequicklyran."IntensificationofAdvantageousUse"very,""extremely,"or"gradually"beforeanadvocatetoemphasizeitsmeaningForexample,"Shewalkedveryslowly."OppositeMeaningAdvantageousWhenusingOppositeMeaningAdvantageous,placethestrongeronefirstForexample,"Hesingsbeautifullybutdancesterritory."TheUsageofAdvantageousThecomparativedegreeofobjectivesandadvertisementsThesuperdegreeisformedbyadding"the"andthenthecomparativedegreeForexample,"thefastest,""thebiggest."SuperDegreeFormostobjectivesandadvertisements,thecomparativedegreeisformedbyadding"-er"totheendofthewordForexample,"faster,""bigger."FormoftheComparativeDegreeSomeobjectivesandadvertisementshaveIrregularComparativeFormsForexample,"better,""word."IrregularComparativeForms05Positionsandconnectionspositionslike"in","on","at"areusedtoindicatetime,e.g.,"inthemorning","onSunday","at3o'clock"Timepositionslike"in","on","under"areusedtoindicateplace,e.g.,"intheroom","onthetable","underthechair"PlacePositionslike"on","off","over"areusedtoindicatedirectionorposition,e.g.,"onthewayhome","offthebus","overthebridge"DirectionorPositionTheusageofpositionsCoordinatingConnectionsConnectionslike"and","but","or"areusedtocoordinatetwoormoreindependentclauses,e.g.,"Ilikeapples,butmybrotherdoesn't"SubordinatingConnectionsConnectionslike"because","if","when"areusedtointroducesubborderclauses,e.g.,"Iwillgototheparkbecauseit'ssunnytoday"RelatedConnectionsConnectionslike"either...or...","neither...nor..."areusedtolinktwosimilarelements,e.g.,"eitheryouorIwillgoshopping"Theuseofconnectionscommonlyusedproposalsinclude"in","on","at","for","with","by",etc.Theseproposalscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategoriesaccordingtotheirusage,suchastime,place,direction,session,etcProposalscommonlyusedconnectionsinclude"and","but","or","if","when",etc.Theseconnectionscanbeclassifiedintodifferentcategoriesaccordingtotheirfunctions,suchascoordinatingconnections,coordinatingconnections,correlatedconnections,etcConnectionsAnalysisofcommonlyusedpositionsandconnections06SentencestructureandtypesAsimplesentenceisasentencecomposedofasubjectandapredicate.DefinitionExampleFeaturesIloveEnglish(IloveEnglish.)Simpleandclear,expressingacompletemeaning.030201SimplesensesExampleIloveEnglish,butIfindgrammardifference(IloveEngl