英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證

英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力筆記(英語)一、語音考點(diǎn)(一)元音Vowels考點(diǎn)1：元音的舌位圖我們先來看看英語單元音的舌位圖(P70)。圖的左方為口腔的前部，右方為其后部。豎線把舌頭分成前中后三個(gè)部分；橫線表示牙床的開合程度，圖中的圓點(diǎn)表示元音音素發(fā)音時(shí)舌頭抬得最高的那一部分在口腔中的位置。單元音可按發(fā)音時(shí)舌頭前、中、后哪一部分抬得最高而分成三類：前元音，中元音，后元音(backvowels)。元音一般從四個(gè)方面進(jìn)行描述：舌位(high,mid,low)，舌頭最高部位的位置(front,central,back)，xx(long,short)或緊張度(tense,lax)，唇的開口度(rounded,unrounded)音標(biāo)描述匯總：[i:]highfronttenseunroundedvowel[I]highfrontlaxunroundedvowel[u:]highbacktenseroundedvowel[o]即[u]highbacklaxroundedvowel[3：]或[e:]centraltenseunroundedvowel[e]centrallaxunroundedvowel[e]mid-highfrontlaxunroundedvowel[左]lowfrontlaxunroundedvowel[A]mid-lowbacklaxunroundedvowel[□:]mid-lowbacktenseroundedvowel[d]lowbacklaxroundedvowel[a:]lowbacktenseunroundedvowel考點(diǎn)2：專有名詞基本元音CardinalVowels純?cè)鬚ureVowels/單元音MonophthongVowels滑元音Vowelsglides：Thereisanaudiblechangeofquality.——Ifasinglemovementofthetongueisinvolved,theglidesarecalled雙元音Diphthongs如：[eI]frommid-lowfronttohighfront[aI] [oI][加[ao] [Ie][ee] [oe]略Adoublemovementproduces三元音Triphthong例如：towerxx[aoe]（二）輔音ConsonantsConsonantsaresoundsproducedbyconstrictingorobstructingthevocaltractatsomeplacetodivert,impedeorcompletelyshutofftheflowofairintheoralcavity.Vowels元音：producedwithoutsuchobstructionsonoturbulenceoratotalstoppingoftheaircanbeperceived.區(qū)別：thedistinctionbetweenvowelsandconsonantsliesintheobstructionofairstream.阻塞氣流。英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證[[s]voicedpostalveolarfricative英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證[b]voicedbilabialstop[b]voicedbilabialstop考點(diǎn)1：Mannersofarticulation發(fā)音方式stops爆破音[p,b,t,d,k,g]nasal鼻音[m,n,g]fricative摩擦音[f,v,。，6,s,z,7,且h]、approximant近似音[w,r,j]、lateral邊音[l]、affricate塞擦音[ts,dz,tr,dr]考點(diǎn)2：Placesofarticulation發(fā)音部位bilabial雙唇音、labiodental唇齒、dental齒間、alveolar齒齦、postalveolar齒齦后、retroflex卷舌音、palatal硬腭、velar軟腭、glottal聲門[h].總結(jié)：[p]voicelessbilabialstop[t]voicelessalveolarstop[d]voicedalveolarstopvoicelessvelarstop[g]voicedvelarstop[m]bilabialnasalalveolarnasal[g]velarnasal[f] voicelesslabiodentalfricative[v]voicedlabiodentalfricative[B]voicelessdentalfricativevoiceddentalfricativevoicelessalveolarfricative[z] voicedalveolarfricativevoicelesspostalveolarfricative英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證英語學(xué)科知識(shí)與教學(xué)能力考點(diǎn)必背教師資格證[h]glottalfricative[t/]voicelesspostalveolaraffricate[ds]voicedpostalveolaraffricate[l]alveolarlateral[r]alveolarapproximant[w]bilabialapproximant[j]palatalapproximant（三）Assimilation同化現(xiàn)象：aprocessbywhichonesoundtakesonsomeorallcharacteristicsofaneighboringsound.Nasalization鼻音化、capcanDentalization齒音、tenttenthVelarization軟腭sincesinkVoicedfrication有聲擦音fvoiceless無聲擦音/—voiceless清音fivepast/hasto/haveto[h田ftu]areallinstancesAssimilation.isoftenusedsynonymouslywithcoarticulation協(xié)同發(fā)音Ifthesoundbecomesmorelikethefollowingsound,asinthecaseoflamb,itisknownasanticipatorycoarticulation（先期協(xié)同發(fā)音）.Ifthesoundshowstheinfluenceoftheprecedingsound,itisperseverativecoarticulation（后滯協(xié)同發(fā)音）,asisthecaseofmap.（四）SuprasegmentalFeatures超音段特征theaspectsofspeechthatinvolvemorethansinglesoundsegments.Theprincipalsuprasegmentalfeat