2021-2022新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit4HistoryandTraditionsDiscoveringUsefulStructures學(xué)案新人教版

DiscoveringUsefulStructures

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)觀察并完成下列課文原句1.Theyusethesameflag,known(know)astheUnionJack,aswellassharethesamecurrencyandmilitarydefence.2.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortened(shorten)name:“theUnitedKingdom”or“theUK”.3.Theyhadcastlesbuilt(build)allaroundEngland,andmadechangestothelegalsystem.【歸納填空】答案:4.句1,句25.句3一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的位置。(1)一般情況下,單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞作前置定語(yǔ),即放在被修飾詞之前。有時(shí)為了表示強(qiáng)調(diào),也可放在被修飾詞之后。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Ilikeeatingfriedtomatoeswitheggs,andIthoughtitmustbeeasytocook.我喜歡吃番茄炒蛋,我認(rèn)為這道菜一定很容易做。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Thisisoftenappreciatedsinceatahousewarmingthereisn’talotoffoodserved.這一點(diǎn)是值得贊賞的,因?yàn)樵趩踢w派對(duì)上不會(huì)提供很多食物。(2)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)要放在被修飾的名詞后面,作后置定語(yǔ),其作用相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles(whichwasmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles).在新奧爾良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時(shí)裝展展示了用海貍鼠的皮毛做成的不同風(fēng)格的服裝。*(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Anactorhiredbytheresearchers(whowashiredbytheresearchers)grabbedherfoodfirst.一名由研究人員雇用的演員先吃了她的食物。(3)如果被修飾的詞是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所構(gòu)成的復(fù)合代詞或指示代詞those等時(shí),即使一個(gè)單一的分詞作形容詞用,也要放在被修飾詞的后面。*Isthereanythingunsolved?還有沒(méi)解決的事情嗎?*ThereisnothingchangedheresinceIleftthistown.自從我離開(kāi)這個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)以來(lái),沒(méi)有什么變化。2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)意義。(1)及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示被動(dòng)和完成,即被修飾詞通常是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,且該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)OnThursdayinanarticlepublishedinCell,ateamofresearchersreportedanewkindofadaptation.在周四《細(xì)胞》雜志上出版的一篇文章中,一組研究人員報(bào)道了一種新型的適應(yīng)方式。*(2020·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.漢斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8萬(wàn)件物品成了開(kāi)放于1759年的大英博物館的核心館藏。(2)不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)僅表示完成,不表示被動(dòng)。*Ontheotherhand,Ihopetobroadenmyhorizonsinthisdevelopedcountry.另一方面,我希望在這個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家拓寬我的視野。3.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作非限制性定語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于非限制性的定語(yǔ)從句,用來(lái)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明被修飾詞的情況,通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。*I’mwritingtoinviteyoutojoinusinseeingafilm,calledMypeople,Mycountry.我寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)你和我們一起看一部電影,叫作《我和我的祖國(guó)》。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)(1)單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞前加一名詞或副詞,常用連字符將它們連接起來(lái)構(gòu)成一個(gè)復(fù)合形容詞,放在其修飾的名詞前,作前置定語(yǔ)。分詞前加的名詞表示分詞的動(dòng)作或行為主體,所加的副詞表示方式、時(shí)間、程度、性質(zhì)等意義。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)WewillvisitsomeofthebestpreservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.我們將會(huì)參觀一些世界上保護(hù)最好的羅馬建筑。*Havingtravelledforaweek,wearrivedatthesnowcoveredmountain.旅行了一周之后,我們到達(dá)了那座大雪覆蓋的山。(2)有些過(guò)去分詞表示特定含義時(shí),單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ)也放在所修飾的名詞之后,如left(剩余的),given(所給的),concerned(有關(guān)的)等。*Thereislittletimeleft.Let’shurryup.剩余的時(shí)間不多了,我們趕快吧。*Weareinterestedintheproblemsconcernedandwanttofindoutmoreinformation.我們對(duì)有關(guān)的問(wèn)題很感興趣,想了解更多信息?！厩蓪W(xué)助記】過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)速記口訣過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ),意義用法容易記。及物動(dòng)詞用過(guò)分,表示被動(dòng)與完成;不及物用過(guò)分時(shí),不表被動(dòng)表完成;單個(gè)過(guò)分名詞前,過(guò)分短語(yǔ)名詞后,若是修飾不定代,只能放在代詞后;given,left和concerned,作定語(yǔ)時(shí)要后置?！局R(shí)延伸】現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)上不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義,過(guò)去分詞多表示被動(dòng)意義。*Therunningwater(=Thewaterwhichruns)intheriverisveryclear.河里的流水很清澈。*Nineoutoftenwomeninterviewed(=whowereinterviewed)abouttheproductsaidtheylikedit.就這個(gè)產(chǎn)品被采訪的十位婦女中有九位說(shuō)她們喜歡它。(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系上不同:現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,而過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。*Wearealllivinginachangingworld(=aworldwhich/thatischanging).我們都生活在正在發(fā)生變化的世界里。*Thechangedworld(=Theworldwhichhadchanged)surprisedhim.已經(jīng)變化了的世界令他吃驚。1.(2020·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷)Thebeautifullongbranchescovered(cover)withpinkcoloredbudsmakefantasticdecorations.2.Gladtolearnthatyou’regoingtohaveaphotoexhibitioncalled(call)MovingMoments.3.Therewillbeaspeechgiven(give)byMoYan,aNobelPrizewinner.4.I’mwritingtomakesomeplaintsabouttheputerbought(buy)inyourstore.5.Anyoneinterested(interest)inmodelairplaneandtheknowledgeofspaceiswarmlyweled.二、過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)1.用于feel,find,hear,notice,see,smell,observe,watch,think等表示感覺(jué)或心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。*(2020·全國(guó)II卷)Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimesdecoratedwithredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.它們是很好的禮物,你會(huì)經(jīng)?？吹剿鼈冄b飾著紅包和吉祥話。*Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselfsurroundedbyagroupofchildren.醒來(lái)的時(shí)候,他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被一群孩子圍繞著。2.用于get,have,make,keep,leave等使役動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。*(2020·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷)Onedaytheemperorwantedtogethisportraitdonesohecalledallgreatartiststoeandpresenttheirfinestwork.一天,國(guó)王想找人給自己畫(huà)個(gè)像,因此,他召來(lái)了所有偉大的藝術(shù)家,展示他們最精美的作品。*JennyhopesthatMrSmithwillsuggestagoodwaytohaveherwrittenEnglishimprovedinashortperiod.珍妮希望史密斯先生能提出一個(gè)在短時(shí)間內(nèi)提高她的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作水平的好方法。3.用于with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。*Withknowledgeandskillsgainedinthisuniversity,Iwillplayamoreactiveroleincontributingtomycountry.有了在這所大學(xué)里獲得的知識(shí)和技能,我將積極投入到為祖國(guó)的貢獻(xiàn)中去。*Withmostofhistimewastedinplayingbasketball,hefailedintheexam.由于大部分時(shí)間都浪費(fèi)在打籃球上,他考試沒(méi)及格?！局R(shí)延伸】除過(guò)去分詞形式以外,with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中動(dòng)詞還有以下兩種賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式:with+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞該動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,也可表示該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行with+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作*Withalotofworktodo,hewasn’tallowedtogoout.因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做,他沒(méi)有被允許外出。*Withpricesgoingupsofast,wecan’taffordluxuries.由于物價(jià)上漲很快,我們買不起高檔商品。4.用于wish,want,wouldlike,expect,order等表示“意欲”“命令”的動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。*Iwouldliketheproblemsettledatthemeeting.我想要在會(huì)議上把這個(gè)問(wèn)題解決。*Weallwishthispandemiccontrolledallovertheworldasquicklyaspossible.我們都希望在全世界范圍內(nèi)這場(chǎng)疫情能得到控制?！局R(shí)延伸】過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的意義過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)(賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者)和動(dòng)作已完成現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)(賓語(yǔ)為現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者)和動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行不定式表示動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生*Withwhathewantedtosaysaid,hehungoffbeforetheothersidegaveanyresponse.說(shuō)完了他想說(shuō)的話,未等到的另一端給出任何回應(yīng)他就掛了。(此處強(qiáng)調(diào)話是被說(shuō)的且話已說(shuō)完)*WhenIcamehere,IsawLiLeireadinganEnglishbook.當(dāng)我來(lái)到這兒時(shí),我看到李蕾正在讀一本英文書(shū)。(“讀書(shū)”這一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)*Withalotofdifficultproblemstodealwith,thenewlyelectedpresidentwasinadilemma.有很多棘手的問(wèn)題要解決,這位新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)處于進(jìn)退兩難的境地。(不定式表示動(dòng)作將要發(fā)生)1.(2020·天津高考)That’sgood,becauseit’salwaysthepeoplewithnotimewhogetthingsdone(do).2.Whenhecametohimself,hefoundhimselflying(lie)inhospitalandsurrounded(surround)byalotofpeople.3.Thewritermadeeffortstohavehisnewlywrittennovelpublished(publish)sooner.4.Withtheproblemsolved(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.5.Hewalkedintotheroomquietlyinordernottomakehimselfnoticed(notice).Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Sheunderstoodthateverythingtold(tell)byhergrandmotherwastrueinthecity.2.Whatmademeimpressed(impress)isthattheyhavehadprofessionaltraining.3.Theteacherdoesn’texpectsuchquestionsdiscussed(discuss)inclass.4.AShaoxingOperanamed(name)ButterflyLoverswillbeonshowinTianjinGrandTheater.5.(2019·北京高考)EarthDay,marked(mark)on22April,isanannualeventaimingtoraisepublicawarenessaboutenvironmentalprotection.6.Withallhisenergyconcentrated(concentrate)onhispainting,hedidn’tnoticeitwasrainingheavilyoutside.7.Tosolvestudents’mentalproblems,wewillholdalecturedelivered(deliver)byaprofessorfromtheUK.8.Tomorrowtheshortsightedstudentswillgotohospitaltohavetheireyesexamined(examine).9.I’mwritingtoinviteyoutobethejudgefortherobotdesigningpetitionorganized(organize)byus.10.Tomfoundaplaceinthetreestokeephimselfhidden(hide)fromtheenemy.Ⅱ.完成句子1.Nextday,peopledressedinnewclotheswillgotovisitfriends,wishingthemgoodluck.

第二天,穿著新衣服的人們將去拜訪朋友,送去美好祝愿。2.Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.

一切安排妥當(dāng)后,他離開(kāi)了辦公室。3.Backfromhistwoyearmedicalserviceinremoteareas,DrLeewasveryhappytoseehisparentstakengoodcareofathome.

在偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)做了兩年的醫(yī)療服務(wù),回來(lái)后李醫(yī)生很高興地看到他的父母在家被照顧得很好。4.Withtimeandenergysaved,childrencanhavetimetopursuetheirinterests.

通過(guò)節(jié)省時(shí)間和精力,孩子們可以有時(shí)間去追求自己的興趣。5.Theysendnotonlythethingsneededbutalsotheirlovetothosewhoneedcaremost.

他們不僅送去所需要的東西,還為最需要關(guān)懷的人們送去了他們的關(guān)愛(ài)。6.Doyouwanttogetthisbookdeliveredtoyourhouseorwouldyouprefertoetotheshopforityourself?

你是想把這本書(shū)送到家里,還是自己到