新教材2025版高中英語Unit5RevealingnatureSectionⅡUsinglanguage學(xué)案外研版選擇性必修第一冊

SectionⅡUsinglanguage1.blamev．指責(zé)，指責(zé)；把……歸咎于n．責(zé)任(教材原句)TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.平塔島龜?shù)臏缤鰬?yīng)歸咎于人類。?Don'tblameme—it'snotmyfault.別怪我——又不是我的錯。?Theotherdriverblamedmefortheaccident.＝Theotherdriverblamedtheaccidentonme.另一個司機(jī)把事故歸咎于我。?Johnistoblamefortheaccident.約翰應(yīng)對這次事故負(fù)責(zé)。?Thecompanywasreadytotaketheblameforwhathadhappened.公司準(zhǔn)備對已發(fā)生的事情擔(dān)當(dāng)責(zé)任。[歸納探究]blamesb./sth.forsth.＝blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事歸咎于某人/某物blamesb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事而責(zé)怪某人take/accepttheblame(forsth.)擔(dān)當(dāng)(某事的)責(zé)任put/lay/placetheblameonsb.把責(zé)任歸咎于某人theblamelieswithsb.責(zé)任在于某人[巧學(xué)助記]Hewasblamedfortheseriousmistake,butheblameditonothers.Infact,itishe,notothers,thatistoblameforit．他因這個嚴(yán)峻錯誤受到了責(zé)怪，但他把它歸咎于別人。事實上，是他，而不是別人，對此負(fù)有責(zé)任。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空①Somepeopleblamethesmartphone________thetragedy,yetinfactpeople'sweakeningself-controlandself-disciplineare________(blame)．②________(blame)forthebreakdownoftheschoolcomputernetwork,Alicewasinlowspirits.③Oneofthecomputersisbrokenandshe'sblamingit________me.④Noonewaspreparedtotaketheblame________thedisaster.2.declinev．削減，降低；拒絕；謝絕n．削減，下降，衰落(教材原句)Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland,thePintaIslandtortoisepopulationdeclined.特殊是山羊被帶到島上之后，平塔島龜?shù)臄?shù)量下降了。?Accordingtothestatistics,thesalesofhousesdeclinedby20%.據(jù)統(tǒng)計，房屋銷售量下降了20%。?Thissectionofthemarkethasslowlydeclinedinimportance.這部分市場的重要性已漸漸下降。?Hedeclinedtotakeonthetaskassignedtohim.他拒絕接受安排給他的任務(wù)。?Therewasadeclineintrafficaccidentsinthecitylastyear.去年這個城市的交通事故有所削減。?Thenumberofpeacocksinthisregionisonthedecline.這個地區(qū)的孔雀數(shù)量在削減。[歸納探究]declineby...削減了……(比較：declineto...削減到……)declinein...在……方面降低declinetodosth.拒絕做某事adeclinein...在……方面的下降indecline/onthedecline在下降fall/gointodecline起先衰落[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Therehasbeenadecline________thesizeoffamilies.②Carsaleshavedeclined________aquarter.③There'sawidely-heldbeliefthateducationalstandardsare________thedecline.④Afterthewar,thecitydeclined________importance.⑤Whydoyoualwaysdecline________(tell)mewhereyoulive?⑥Iinvitedhimtothemeetingbuthe________(decline)．⑦M(jìn)ary________________(謝絕了我的邀請)todinner.⑧Heisstilloneoftheworld'smostpopulargolfers,buthisgameis________________(在走下坡路)．3.beharmfulto對……有害(教材原句)Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.細(xì)菌總是對人類有害。?Suchchemicalabsorbedbyplantscanbeharmfultohumansandanimals.這種被植物汲取的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能對人和動物有害。?Ifyoudon'twarmupproperly,exercisemaydomoreharmthangood.你假如不做適當(dāng)?shù)臒嵘磉\(yùn)動，熬煉有可能弊大于利。?Hemaysaynot,butthere'snoharminasking.他可能拒絕，但問一問也無妨。?Hemeantnoharmwhenhesaidthat.他那樣說并沒有惡意。[歸納探究]doharmtosb./sth.＝dosb./sth.harm對某人/某物有害causesb./sth.harm對某人/某物造成損害sufferharm受到損害domoreharmthangood弊大于利thereisnoharmindoingsth.不妨做某事，做某事沒有壞處meannoharm/notmeananyharm無意損害，沒有惡意[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Trytoreducetheuseofchemicalsthatare________(harm)totheenvironment.②Modernfarmingmethodshavedoneconsiderableharm________thecountryside.③Itisaparent'sresponsibilitytoensurethattheirchildren____________(不受任何損害)．④Itwouldn't______________(對你有任何損害)togetsomeexperiencefirst.4.(教材原句)However,diversityonourplanetissuch,thattherearestillmillionsofspeciesonEarthremainingtobediscovered.然而，我們星球上的多樣性是如此之大，地球上還有數(shù)百萬物種有待發(fā)覺。[句式解構(gòu)]如此……以至于……這是一個常見的句型。besuchthat和such...that都意為“如此……以至于……”，兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中的that從句都是結(jié)果狀語從句。本句中such＝somuch。?Herexcitementwassuchthatshecouldhardlycontainherself.她激烈得幾乎限制不住自己。?Heissuchahelpfulpersonthatweareallappreciativeofhim.他是如此樂于助人，我們都很感謝他。[巧學(xué)助記]當(dāng)such位于句首時，該句型的意義并未發(fā)生改變。Suchwashisstrengththathecouldliftthebigstone.他的力氣大得能把這塊大石頭舉起來。[即學(xué)即練]單句語法填空/完成句子①Theperformancewas________thattheaudienceweredeeplymoved.②It's________aninterestingfolktalethateverybodylikesit.③________________________(他反應(yīng)如此靈敏)thatnoonecanmatchhim.④________________________(災(zāi)難如此嚴(yán)峻)thelocalauthoritieswerequiteunabletocopewithit.熟登記列重要學(xué)問點①ofalltime有史以來②answerthecall響應(yīng)號召③beregardedas被認(rèn)為是④besimilarto與……相像⑤behometo是……的家園/棲息地/產(chǎn)地⑥benativeto源于……的，原產(chǎn)于……⑦consistof＝bemadeupof由……組成⑧carryout執(zhí)行，實行⑨sofar到目前為止⑩bycontrast相比之下過去完成時一、語法現(xiàn)象感知①TheyhadgoteverythingreadybeforeIcame.②Shehadhardlygonetobedwhenthebellrang.③Ihadintendedtocallonyouyesterday,butsomeonecametoseemejustwhenIwasabouttoleave.④Itwasthefirsttimethathehadlostthegame.⑤IfIhadfollowedyouradvice,Iwouldbebetternow.二、語法規(guī)則理解1．由句①可知，過去完成時表示在過去某個動作或某個詳細(xì)時間________已經(jīng)發(fā)生、完成的動作或狀況。2．由句②可知，過去完成時常與________，scarcely,barely,nosooner...than等副詞連用。3．由句③可知，intend,mean,hope,want,plan,think等動詞的過去完成時可以用來表示一個________。4．由句④可知，在句型________________________中，常用過去完成時。5．由句⑤可知，過去完成時還可用在與________相反的虛擬從句中。微點撥過去完成時的基本用法表示“過去的過去”，所以句中必需有一個過去的時間點或從上下文中能找出一個過去的時間，以它為參照，發(fā)生在它之前的動作用過去完成時；假如句中或上下文中找不出這樣的時間點，就不要用過去完成時。過去完成時一、構(gòu)成：had＋過去分詞二、功能1．表示在過去某一時刻或動作以前完成了的動作，也可以說過去的時間關(guān)于過去的動作。即“過去的過去”。可以用by,before等介詞短語或一個時間狀語從句來表示，也可以用一個表示過去的動作來表示，還可以通過上下文來表示。Bynineo'clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9點鐘，我們已經(jīng)收到200張飛船發(fā)來的圖片。2．表示從過去的某一時刻起先，始終持續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for,since構(gòu)成的時間狀語連用。?Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.當(dāng)公共汽車來的時候，我在車站已等了20分鐘。?Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他說自從1949年以來他就在那家工廠工作。3．過去完成時經(jīng)常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句(或間接引語)中，這時從句中的動作發(fā)生在主句表示的過去的動作之前。?Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他說他很熟識她。?IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我認(rèn)為我一星期前就把信寄出去了。4．狀語從句：在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在前，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。如：when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引導(dǎo)的復(fù)合句。?WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒來時雨已停了。?Shedidn'tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡覺。微點撥假如兩個動作緊接著發(fā)生，則經(jīng)常不用過去完成時，特殊是在包含before和after的復(fù)合句中，因為從句的動作和主句的動作發(fā)生的先后依次已經(jīng)特別明確，可以用一般過去時代替過去完成時。AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.馬克思到達(dá)英國之后，努力提高他的英語水平。5．動詞think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用過去完成時來表示過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法、希望、準(zhǔn)備或意圖等。?Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他們原來準(zhǔn)備去幫忙，但沒有剛好趕到那里。?Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我們原來希望能來看看你。6．過去完成時還可用在hardly...when...,nosooner...than...,Itwasthefirst(second,etc.)time(that)．..等固定句型中。?Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他剛到就又走了。?Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear.這是他那一年第三次失業(yè)了。7．表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣if從句中，常用過去完成時。Ifwehadn'tmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn'thavebeensosuccessful.假如我們沒有做充分準(zhǔn)備的話，會議是不會開得這么勝利的。Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshe________(decline),sayingthatshefeltlikewalking.2．Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.3．Somesocialappcompanieswere________(blame)becausetheydidn'tadequatelychecktheirusers'registration.4．It'stheseasidebirdsthatdeserveatleastpartoftheblame________gettingNickBurchillblacklistedattheFairmontEmpressHotelinVictoria,Canada.5．Hiseffortshaveresultedin1，360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehome________manyplantsandanimals.6．Astheeconomywas________decline,somepeopleinthetownhadlosttheirjobs.Ⅱ.用括號內(nèi)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1．SheaskedmewhetherI________(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.2．Researcherswerepuzzledovertheresults,whichwerecompletelyoppositetowhatthey________(expect)．3．JustasIgottotheschoolgate,IrealizedI________(leave)mybookinthecafe.4．—Didyouenjoytheparty?—Yes.We________(treat)wellbyourhosts.5．IwishI________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.6．Emmawasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachinewhichshe________(repair)wentwrongagain.7．BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay__