2025人教版英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：介詞

第3講介詞

情景印

1.表示方位的介詞

Wewalkedacross①thebeach,through②thewoodsandfinallycameto③thehousewhichwas

under?thebigtreemarkedinthemap.Aftersteppinginto,thehouse,wefoundasmallblack

table,over⑦whichwasalamp.Thenwelookedaround⑧，onlytofindnothing.Myfriendfound

somethingspecial-anemptybox.Beneath9itwasanotesaying,“Standbeside?thewindowand

lookoutof?it."From?thewindowwesawanotherhousebeyond?asmallhill.

［規(guī)則感悟］?across指從較為平坦的表面穿過(guò)。②through指從立體的事物中間穿過(guò)。③to

指“至ij某處，去某處“。④under在....下面，無(wú)接觸面。⑤in在....里面。⑥into到....里

面。⑦over在...正上方（無(wú)接觸面）；on在....上面（有接觸面）。⑧around在/向....周?chē)?/p>

?beneath在....下面（有接觸面）。⑩beside在....旁邊。?butof向/在....外面。?from

從....o?beyond在/向....較遠(yuǎn)的一邊，超出。

2.表示時(shí)間的介詞

Ithappenedon①aSaturdaymorningin②November,2021.Myparentslefthomeat6：00am

tomeetmyuncleattheairportandtoldmetheywouldcomebackintwohours.However,it

wasn,tlongbefore?someoneknockedatthedoor,andIlookedthroughthepeepholeandsawa

stranger.!quicklylockedthedoorfromtheinside,anddidn'topenituntilmyparentscame

back.Duringthetwohours,thestrangeralwaystriedtotellmesomethingbutIwouldn'tlisten

tohim.Onseeingmyparents,thestrangersaid,“Ihavebeenwaitingoutofthedoorfor0two

hourssince6：10am."Whyhadmyunclechangedsomuchovertheyears?

［規(guī)則感悟］①on指在具體的某一天。②in用在年/月/季節(jié)/世紀(jì)等大時(shí)間之前，或者指上/下

午或晚上；也可用在表示一^殳時(shí)間的詞之前，表示“多久之后”。③at用在幾點(diǎn)鐘或night/noon

之前。④before在之前。⑤until直至I時(shí)候。⑥during在期間。⑦for表示延續(xù)一

段時(shí)間。⑧over表示“在……期間”，表延續(xù)。

3.表示原因的介詞

Johnwaspunishedforcheatingintheexam.Hisfatherwasangryat/over2itandhetrembled

with3angerbecauseo產(chǎn)John'sbadbehaviour.

［規(guī)則感悟］①for表示原因，后面可以跟名詞（詞組）或動(dòng)名詞。②at/over用在表示情緒的形

容詞之后，后面跟代詞或名詞（詞組）。③with用在表示情緒的名詞之前。④becauseof/owing

to/dueto/thanksto之后不跟陳述句，跟名詞（短語(yǔ)）/名詞性從句。

4.其他重要介詞

Betweenthetwoopinions,Iamforthefirstonebutagainstthesecondone.By@wearing

schooluniforms,studentscanbetreatedequallyby④othersdespitethedifferenteconomic

backgroundsamongthem.Besides?,thepriceiswithin⑧students'reach.Moststudentsexcept"

aminorityofthemsayschooluniformsaregoodexceptfor⑩thefactthattheyarenotfashionable.

［規(guī)則感悟］①between表示“兩者之間”。②for表示"支持"。③against表示“反對(duì)”。

④by表示“借助/通過(guò)...”，也可以表示“被...."。⑤despite表示“盡管“，等于inspite

ofo?among表示在三者或三者以上中。⑦besides表示“除此之外(還)”。⑧within表示

“在..范圍之內(nèi)“。⑨except表示同類(lèi)事物除外。⑩exceptfor表示與整體陳述相對(duì)的細(xì)節(jié)

修補(bǔ)。

一、介詞的省略

1.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this,that,next,last,every,each,some,any,all等時(shí)，介詞常

省略。

Wewatchedanexcitingfootballmatchlastweek.

上周我們觀看了一場(chǎng)激動(dòng)人心的足球賽。

Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天來(lái)就哪天來(lái)。

2.表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作“每一……”講時(shí)，其前不用介詞。

Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.

每天一個(gè)蘋(píng)果，醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)離我。

3.習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略。

一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配使用的介詞?？墒÷?，常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)搭配有spendsometime

(in)doingsth,wastesometime(in)doingsth,havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth,bebusy(in)

doingsth,stop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。

FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepalthoughIhadgreatdifficulty(in)wakinghimup.

弗蘭克堅(jiān)持說(shuō)自己沒(méi)有睡覺(jué)，雖然我叫醒他費(fèi)了好大勁。

二、介詞不可省略的問(wèn)題

1.在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中的介詞不能省略。

Thechildrenhavebeentakengoodcareofinthekindergarten.

這些孩子在幼兒園里得到了很好的照顧。

2.當(dāng)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，相關(guān)介詞也不可省略。

Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.

這個(gè)問(wèn)題很值得關(guān)注。

3.在定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且從句謂語(yǔ)為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必須加

上介詞。

Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.

我們常去的那個(gè)圖書(shū)館距離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。

三、介詞短語(yǔ)

1.介詞與名詞構(gòu)成的搭配：

(l)at+名詞

ataloss不知所措

atthecostof以...的代價(jià)

atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)

attheriskof冒...的危險(xiǎn)

atwar處于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)狀態(tài)

atthemercyof在...支配下；由....擺布

atthesametime同時(shí)

(2)on+名詞

onexhibition/show/display在展出

onaccountof因?yàn)?/p>

onfire著火

onaverage平均；一般地

onsale出售；打折

onbehalfof代表

onnoaccount/condition決不

onthedecrease/increase在減少/在增加

onholiday/vacation在度假

(3)by+名詞

byaccident/chance偶然地

byhand手工

bymistake錯(cuò)誤地

bytheday按天算

bycoincidence碰巧

bynature天生地

(4)in+名詞

incash用現(xiàn)金付款

inchargeof掌管

indepth在深度上

inreturn作為回報(bào)

indetail詳細(xì)地

indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危

inheight在高度上

inspiteof盡管

inlength在長(zhǎng)度上

inexchangefor作為交換

infavorof支持，贊成

innotime立亥！J

incaseof萬(wàn)一；如果；假使

innoway決不

insupportof為支持...

inplaceof代替

inhonourof為向...表示敬意

inpossessionof擁有，占有

inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念...

inadditionto另夕卜

(5)of+名詞

ofbenefit有益處的

ofsignificance有意義的

ofhelp有幫助的

ofuse有用的

ofimportance重要的

ofvalue有價(jià)值的

(6)outof+名詞

outofbalance失去平衡

outoforder發(fā)生故障

outofbreath上氣不接下氣

outofsight看不見(jiàn)

outofcontrol失去控制

outofthequestion不可能

outofdate過(guò)期

outofwork失業(yè)

outoftouch失去聯(lián)系

(7)under+名詞

underattack遭到襲擊

undertreatment在治療中

underpressure在壓力下

undercontrol處于控制之中

underrepair在修理中

underdiscussion在討論中

(8)with+名詞

withdelight/joy高興地

withfear害怕地

withdifficulty困難地

withpleasure樂(lè)意地

withease輕而易舉地

(9)beyond+名詞

beyondcompare無(wú)與倫比

beyonddescription難以描述

beyondreach夠不至!j

beyondexpression/words難以表達(dá)

2.形容詞與介詞構(gòu)成的搭配：

(l)be+adj.+about

beanxiousabout為...憂慮

becuriousabout對(duì)...好奇

beparticularabout對(duì)...講究/挑剔

beworried/concernedabout對(duì)...擔(dān)心

(2)be+?4/.+at

beangryat因/對(duì)...生氣

begoodat擅長(zhǎng)

beastonishedat對(duì)...吃驚

bepresentat出席

(3)be+〃4/.+in

beabsorbedin專(zhuān)注于...

beactivein積極于...

bedressedin穿著...

beengagedin忙于...

berichin富含...

beoccupiedin忙于...

(4)be+o4/.+for

beeagerfor渴望...

befamousfor因...著名

befitfor適合,勝任...

bereadyfor準(zhǔn)備好...

besorryfor對(duì)...感到抱歉

bepreparedfor為...做好準(zhǔn)備

(5)be+adj.+from

beabsentfrom缺席

bedifferentfrom不同于

befarfrom遠(yuǎn)離

befreefrom不受...影響

(6)be+?J/.+to

becloseto接近...

bedevotedto致力于...

beequalto等于...；勝任....

befamiliarto對(duì)...熟悉

befriendlyto對(duì)...友好

beharmfulto對(duì)...有害

bekindto對(duì)...友好

besimilarto與...相似

begratefulto對(duì)...心存感激

⑺be+M/.+of

beawareof意識(shí)至U.......

befondof喜歡...

beproudofH.......而自豪

beshortof缺乏...

becriticalof對(duì)...挑剔

(8)be+arf/.+with

bebusywith忙于...

befamiliarwith對(duì)...熟悉

becombinedwith與...結(jié)合

bepatientwith對(duì)...有耐心

bepopularwith受...歡迎

bepleasedwith對(duì)...感到滿意

beangrywith(sb)對(duì)(某人)生氣

3.介詞與其他詞構(gòu)成的搭配：

butfor要不是

insteadof代替

regardlessof不管，不顧

apartfrom除...之外

upto直到；由...決定

accordingto根據(jù)

alongwith隨著

togetherwith連同

bymeansof用...辦法；借助....

owingto因?yàn)?/p>

四、動(dòng)詞與介詞構(gòu)成的搭配

1.“動(dòng)詞+sb+of+sth”結(jié)構(gòu)

accusesbofsth指責(zé)/控告某人某事

curesbofsth治好某人的某種疾病

ridsbofsth使某人擺脫某物

cheatsbofsth騙走某人某物

remindsbofsth使某人想起某事

informsbofsth通知某人某事

robsbofsth搶劫某人某物

warnsbofsth警告某人某事

convincesbofsth使某人確信某事

suspectsbofsth懷疑某人某事

2.”動(dòng)詞+sb+for+doingsth”結(jié)構(gòu)

blamesbfordoingsth指責(zé)某人做某事

scoldsbfordoingsth1

??-u.7?J批評(píng)某人做某事

criticizesbfordoingsthj

forgivesbfordoingsth'

excusesbfordoingsth，原諒某人做某事

pardonsbfordoingsth.

punishsbfordoingsth因做某事而懲罰某人

thanksbfordoingsth感謝某人做某事

3.”動(dòng)詞+sb/sth+from+(doing)sth”結(jié)構(gòu)

prevent/stop/keepsb/sthfromdoingsth阻止某人/物做某事

protect/preserve/defend/sheltersb/sthfrombeingdone保護(hù)某人/物免于被

ban/prohibitsb/sthfromdoingsth禁止某人/物做某事

4.其他常考的動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配

accountfor占...（比例）；解釋....（原因）

actas充當(dāng)；起作用

breakawayfrom脫離；逃離

bringabout引起；導(dǎo)致；造成

callfor（去）接；需要；（公開(kāi)）要求

carryout履行；實(shí)施；執(zhí)行

carrythrough幫助...渡過(guò)難關(guān)；成功完成；順利實(shí)現(xiàn)

comeacross（偶然）遇見(jiàn)，碰見(jiàn)；發(fā)現(xiàn)

cometoanend終止，結(jié)束

comeupwith提出

doharmto對(duì)...有害

dowithout沒(méi)有...也行；沒(méi)有....而設(shè)法對(duì)付過(guò)去

endupwith以...結(jié)束

getacross被傳達(dá)；被理解；把...講清楚

getaround傳播；流傳；各處走動(dòng)

getdownt。開(kāi)始做某事；開(kāi)始認(rèn)真注意（或?qū)Υ┠呈?/p>

getover解決；克服；控制

getridof除去，去掉；免除，擺脫

getthrough正式通過(guò)；（用電話）接通，聯(lián)系上；順利通過(guò)（考試等）

giveriseto使發(fā)生

givewayto屈服；退讓?zhuān)蛔尣?/p>

goagainst違反；與...不符

goinfor參加考試（或競(jìng)賽）；對(duì)某事物有興趣，愛(ài)好

gothrough經(jīng)歷

keepintouchwith與...保持聯(lián)系

lookdownon/upon輕視；瞧不起

lookinto調(diào)查；審查

makethebestof充分利用；盡力而為

bemadeupof由...組成

putupwith忍受，容忍

seethrough看穿；識(shí)破

seeto照料；處理

setabout著手做

showaround/round領(lǐng)（某人）參觀

showoff炫耀；展示

takein吸入；理解，領(lǐng)會(huì)

takeon承擔(dān)；呈現(xiàn)，具有

workout計(jì)算出；制定出

【對(duì)點(diǎn)練習(xí)】

1.Shepattedhimontheheadandsaid,“Mylittleboy,doyoufeelmorecomfortablenowthan

before?"

2.Ifyoucouldexchangeliveswithsomeoneforashorttime,wouldyouliketodothat?

3.Asaresult,hespendshislifeinawheelchairandcannotwritebymeansofapenorpencil.

4.Butwildlifetodaydisappearsorisindangerjustbecausehumansdoharmtoit.

5.Manytimeswedon'trealizehowroutineourliveshavebecomeandhowmuchwetakethem

forgranteduntilwefindourselvesinanewsituation.

6.Theteacherpausedonpurposetoremindthestudentstostoptalking.

解題技法

如果句子中不缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞

句子

后又不缺少賓語(yǔ)，則在名詞、代詞或動(dòng)

分析

閶名詞前一定是填介詞

短

語(yǔ)注意短語(yǔ)搭配中介詞的正確使用

已牢記

搭配注意有特殊用法的介詞，如接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)

就只能用with或without

1.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreasedby2.1inwomenand

men.（2021?浙江1月）

2.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttake

responsibilityforsavingtheirenvironment.（2023?國(guó)甲）

3.Sometimeafter10000BC,peoplemadethefirstrealattempttocontroltheworldtheylivedin,

throughagriculture.（2020-7月）

考點(diǎn)分層演練

層級(jí)一基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練

單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.一WehadareallydampSeptemberthisyear.

一Ican'trememberanautumnwhenitrainedsomuch.

2.Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasprobablybecauseofthefactthatshesatinthelastrow.

3.Amongthe“fournewgreatinventions,onlineshoppingwasinventedandpioneeredby

MichaelAldrichintheU.K.in1979.

4.“Assoonasheopenshis（he）mouthandsingsinChinese,theChineseareverysurprisedand

theyfeelproudofhim,“saidhismusicteacher.

5.Butit'sdifficultformetodecidewhatactivitiesweshouldorganizeandhowtoplan

them（they）.

6.IsuddenlyrealizedIhadgrownupandthatIhadtolookaftermyselfd）andliveindependently.

7.Whentheygrowolderthanthreeyearsold,itiseasierforgirlstocatchcoldsthanboys.

8.Pregnantwomen,forexample,shouldlimittheir（they）intakeofcoffee.

9.Thisyoungmanlikestravelling-heisalwaysonthemove.

10.Itmeansthatwecannotusesomemodernhouseholditems,likewashingmachinesbecause

theyusetoomuchwater.

層級(jí)二高考真題練

單句語(yǔ)法填空

1.Incontrasttothecourtlifeandupper-classculturerepresentedbytheForbiddenCity,the

SummerPalace,andtheTempleofHeaven,thehutongsreflectthecultureofgrassroots

Beijingers.（2023?浙江1月）

2.ThankstoBeijing'slonghistoryascapitalofChina,almosteveryhutonghasits

stories.（2023?浙江1月）

3.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutongtoroyalpalaces,itishometomorethan

3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout.（2023?全國(guó)乙）

4.There,you'11findthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappers

arepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.（2023?新課標(biāo)I）

5.Themeatshouldbefreshwithatouchofsweetness,andthesurroundingsouphot,clearand

delicious.（2023?新課標(biāo)I）

6.Thetactile（可觸矢口的）paintingsworkasawaytorevealarttotheblindbecausewedon'tsee

withjustoureyes：Weseewithourbrains.（2022?才斤江6月）

7.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficiallybythe

UnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.（2022?全國(guó)乙）

8.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled（揭幕）attheceremony,openingits（it）

firstexhibition：TheAvenueofTruth-ASpecialExhibitionofPu'erTea.（2022-全國(guó)乙）

9.CoveringanareaaboutthreetimesthesizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeone

ofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.（2022?新課標(biāo)I）

10.AlthoughMarylovedflowers,neithershenorherhusbandwasknownasagardener.（2021?浙

江6月）

層級(jí)三語(yǔ)篇提能練

語(yǔ)法填空

（2022?浙江1月改編）

KimCobb,1.aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbut

growingminorityofacademicswhoarecuttingbackon2.their（they）airtravelbecause3.ofclimate

change.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelike-frequentlybyplane-is

viewedasimportant4.forscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.ButCobbandothers

arenowquestioningthatidea-pushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipate

remotelyandchangingtheirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealing5.withtheclimatechange

crisis.On6.awebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics-manyof

7.them（they）climatescientists-havepromisedtoflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstarted

twoyearsago.

Cobb,forherpart,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvited8.her（she）tospeak

whethershecoulddosoremotely；aboutthree-quartersof9.thetime,theyagreed.Whentheanswer

wasno,shedeclinedtheinvitation.ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownIQ.by

75%,andsheplanstocontinue