高考英語易錯(cuò)題專練：閱讀理解：詞義猜測(cè)題（4大陷阱）含答案及解析

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)16閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題

目錄

01易錯(cuò)陷阱（3大陷阱）

02舉一反三

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

［易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

03易錯(cuò)題通關(guān)

易錯(cuò)陷阱1：詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】

這類題錯(cuò)誤主要因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)詞匯量積累和詞根詞綴積累不足，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞是閱讀理解必

不可少的能力。平時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)大量積累單詞，同時(shí)利用前后的同位關(guān)系或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜

測(cè)。

易錯(cuò)陷阱2：代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前面的詞語或句子甚至段落都有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。有時(shí)代詞與

指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，認(rèn)真查找，才能得出代詞所指代的事。

易錯(cuò)陷阱3：句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】此類題型應(yīng)當(dāng)定位畫線句子，充分利用語法和邏輯關(guān)系分析原句。同時(shí)分析理解畫線

句前后的語境，合理歸納總結(jié)找出與原句意思相同的選項(xiàng)并代入畫線處驗(yàn)證。切不可因?yàn)榫渲?/p>

出現(xiàn)熟詞，而脫離語境，望文生義。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例1］（湖南省常德市臨澧一中2023-2024學(xué)年高三階段試題）

SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurate

Earthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockfor

whatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock^^inparagraph5mean?

A.Abasicpart.B.Adetailedmap.

C.Abuildingmaterial.D.Amajorobstacle.

【變式11（吉林省長(zhǎng)春市第二實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot“hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfarther

fromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.Thafsbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakers

interacttocancelouteachother?ssound.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"diminishes“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Becomeslower.B.Travelsfaster.

C.Getssweeter.D.Soundsnicer.

【變式2］（湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)試題）

Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillast

year."Iwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.I

wasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Safeandslow.B.Fastanddangerous.

C.Excitingandterrifying.D.Gentleandcomfortable.

【變式3】（廣東省揭陽市普寧市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoin

Illinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeen

productiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatinginto

successinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"hitarut“inparagraph1mean?

A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B.Hadveryslowreactions.

C.Acceptedhardwork'svalue.D.Overcameabigproblem.

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例2】（安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考）

Thecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingthe

Africancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsof

carbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekey

tosuccess.ctTheGreatGreenWall...isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopment

aidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnion

CommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative/'Butthistimetheyidentify.This

istheverythingofus!^

Whatdoes"us"underlinedinParagraph3referto?

A.AfricanUnions.B.Alladvocates.C.Landowners.D.AllAfricans.

【變式2］（湖南省常德市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.For

instance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."'ComparedtoAmerica,Denmark

setsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,saidXeniaTrier,anexpertatthe

EuropeanEnvironmentAgency.4<Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefrom

thepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.In

general,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthe

samewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.9,TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmerican

mass-mediacompanies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinparagraph4?

A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.

【變式3］（2023年全國(guó)高三專項(xiàng)練習(xí)）

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.

Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemical

thatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssaw

picturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareas

becameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwith

friends.

Whatdoestheunderlined“it"inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.D.Ahamburger.

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

［例3］（山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities（能力）toenjoylife.Mostpeopleare

alreadyswamped（淹沒）withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobiga

housewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphprobablyimpliesthat.

A.howevermateriallyrich,theyneverseemtobesatisfied

B.howevermateriallyrich,theyremainspirituallypoor

C.thoughtheirhouseisbig,theypreferasimplelife

D,thoughtheirhouseisbig,itseemstobeacage

【變式1】（浙江省名校協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高三適應(yīng)性試題）

Lastyear,afterawinterofpracticingskiingonthegreentracksforbeginnerseachweek,Alicia

wasfrench-fryingherwaydownbluesandevenattemptedherfirstblack.Thatmonthalsowitnessed

mevisitingthemountainmoretimesthaninthe15yearscombinedandI'vegotmyselfnpartnerfor

life.

Whatdoesthefatherimplybysaying'Tvegotmyselfapartnerforlifb."?

A.Itisrewardingtolearnnewskills.B.Skiinghasbecomehislifelonghobby.

C.Hewillexploremorewithhisdaughter.D.Hisdaughterwillaccompanyhimforever.

【變式2］（2022年全國(guó)高三專練）

Whenyouneedajobverymuch,youmayenduptaking

Ofcourse,youmayseektasksandresponsibilitiesthatforceyoutolearnsomethingneworto

workharder.t4Youmaybeoperatingonautopilot（習(xí),慣T生地）rightnow,butchancesarethatpeople

aboveyouarestressed,“SarahHathornsays."Takethingsoffyourboss'splateandlethimknow

whichprojectsortasksyouwanttolearnmoreabout.^^

Theunderlinedwords"takethingsoffyourboss'splate"mean.

A.drawyourboss'sattentionB.shareyourboss'sburdens

C.giveyourbossusefuladviceD.askyourbossforabetterposition

【變式3］（2022?湖北孝感高三模擬）

AssoonasIstartedpedalingagain,mypantsgotcaughtinthechain,andIfellflatonmyface

andhitmynose.Sincethathappenedtmygranddaddecidedtocallitadayandtryagainthenext

morning.ThenextmorningIwokeupbrightandearly,andwasveryeagertotrytoridemybike.My

nosefeltbetter,soIwasn'tthatafraidoffallinganymore.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinthepassagemean?

A.Rememberwhathappenedthisday.

B.Maketheauthorfeelhappy.

C.Stoppracticingbicycling.

D.Goontorideabike.

1.（2023年全國(guó)甲卷）

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenitcomestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputtingupshelves

andpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand“inparagraph1?

A.Anartist.B.Awinner.C.Aspecialist.D.Apioneer.

2.（2023年全國(guó)乙卷）

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentally

ordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthe

losingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralian

Aboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeakto

usnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytold

throughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateand

non-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfof

adialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconveosation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,but

theobjects.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“conversation“inparagraph3referto?

A.Problem.B.History.C.Voice.D.Society.

3.（2022年新高考I卷）

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,

said:"'Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelooking

forwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.^^

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartinthe

project.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.^^

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon^^meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate

4.（湖北省部分學(xué)校2023.2024學(xué)年高三起點(diǎn)試題）

Usingfirst-of-their-kindobservationsfromtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope,aUniversityof

MinnesotaTwinCities-ledteamlookedmorethan13billionyearsintothepasttodiscoveraunique,

minusculegalaxycluster（星系團(tuán)）thatgeneratednewstarsatanextremelyhighrateforitssize.The

galaxyisoneofthesmallesteverdiscoveredatthisdistance-around500millionyearsaftertheBig

Bang-andcouldhelpastronomerslearnmoreaboutgalaxiesthatwerepresentshortlyafterthe

universecameintoexistence.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"minuscule“inparagraph1mean?

A.Extremelysmall.B.Remarkablydark.

C.Especiallyremote.D.Quitecomplicated.

5.（貴州省六盤水市2023-2024學(xué)年高三診斷性檢測(cè)題）

ButOreosdon'tattractyouwithtastealone;scentshaveahugeimpactontheeatingexperience.

WhenyoubiteintoanOreo,chemicalsinthecookiereleaseodorantsintotheairinsideyourmouth.

Thesescentsflowtoyournasalcavity（鼻月空），wheretheyinteractwithsmellreceptors（感受器）and

enteryourbrain?sdecoding（解碼）process.Yourbrainislikelytofindthosesmellsdelightful,says

CharlesSpence,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUK'sUniversityofOxford.Spence

sayschocolateandvanillaaretwooftheworld'smostlikedsmells.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inthefourthparagraphreferto?

A.Chocolates.B.Chemicals.C.Cookies.D.Scents.

6.（福建省廈門集美中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試卷）

“Let'stakeabreak,“partwaythroughthemeeting,mybossstood,saying."Ineedmorecoffee.I

pickedupmyemptycup."Ido,too,^^Isaid,andhandedittohimacrossthetable."Thanks,“Iadded,

lookingathimexpectantly.Thebosswasstaggeredforamoment,andthentookthecupfromme.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggered“meaninthesixthparagraph?

A.Amused.B.Shocked.

C.Depressed.D.Excited.

7.（安徽省合肥市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三質(zhì)檢試題）

Ifthetestisalreadyset,thebestwaytoprepareforitiswithabatteryofactivitiesthatmost

closelylooklikethetestitself.AndsoastheBigStandardizedTestshavespread,publishershave

crankedoutvarietiesofcoachingworkbooksthatareallcollectionsofshortexcerptsaccompaniedby

asetofmultiplechoicequestions.Insteadofteachingstudentshowtoreadawholebook,weteach

themhowtotakeastandardizedtest.

Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethephrase“crankedouf,inparagraph4?

A.chargedB.canceledC.changedD.Produced

8.（福建省政和縣第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Bennett,57,heldonthrough60tomorrows,farlongerthananypreviouspatientwho'dreceiveda

heartfromanotherspecies.Hisremarkablerunofferednewhopethatsuchprocedures,knownas

xenotransplantation（異種移植），couldhelprelievetheshortageofreplacementorgans,saving

thousandsofliveseachyear.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"run"inparagraph2referto?

A.Donatinghishearttoapatient.

B.Performingtheheartoperation.

C.Livingfor60daysaftertheoperation.

D.Receivinganewheartfromapig.

9.（福建省廈門雙十中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）

Sincetherewasusuallynotenoughtimeforabystanderpigtobecomeinvolvedintheheatof

aconflict,thoughthisdidoccur,DrNorscialookedatwhathappenedinthethreeminutesimmediately

followingafight.Sometimes,hefound,thefightersreconciledwitheachotherontheirown.Themore

distantlyrelatedthefighterswere,themorefrequentlythishappened.DrNorsciaguessedthat

relationsbetweencloserelativesaremoresecuretostartwith,sorebuildingfriendlyrelationsrapidly

islessnecessaryforthem.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reconciled“probablymeaninparagraph4?

A.Caughtup.B.Keptintouch.C.Madeup.D.Changedintune.

10.（福建省龍巖第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Afterrescuingthelonelyanimal,SamandVerafounditextremelyemotionaltohaveto

releaseherbackoutintothewildtofendforherself-eventhoughtheyknewitwastherightthingto

do.Butafterhavingsuchastrongbondwithananimal,itwasreallydifficulttoseehergo.Theyhad

putsomuchtime,effortandenergyintoraisingherbuttoseeherwalkinginaherdofblesboksmade

itallworthwhile.

Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“ffend“inthelastparagraph?

A.Look.B.Care.

C.Search.D.Hunt.

H.（河北省衡水市第二中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三9月檢測(cè)試題）

Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationto

adjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsin

whichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproduced

threeprimaryfindings:Thebrain'sprimaryauditorycortex（聽覺皮層）issensitivetohowambiguous

aspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound'sappearance.Thebrain“replays“previous

speechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestoftheword

unfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits"bestguess“ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabout

halfasecond.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Thepreviousspeechsound.B.Thesimilarlysoundingword.

C.Theunclearlysoundingword.D.Thefollowingspeechsound.

12.（河北省保定市重點(diǎn)高中2023?2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Ifyouareofthe“noregrets59schooloflife,youmaythinkthatallthisregretisarecipefor

unhappiness.Butthatisn'tthecase.Lettingyourselfbeoverwhelmedbyregretisindeedbadforyou.

Butgoingtotheotherextrememaybeevenworse.Toextinguishyourregretsdoesn'tfreeyoufrom

shameorsorrowbutcausesyoutomakethesamemistakesagainandagain.Totrulygetoverourguilt

requiresthatweputregretinitsproperplace.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“extinguish“inparagraph2mean?

A.Admit.B.Destroy.C.Treasure.D.Encounter.

13.（2024屆浙江省紹興市高三上學(xué)期模擬預(yù)測(cè)英語試題）

NickVerel,a53-year-oldkidneytransplant（腎臟移植）recipientinOhio,shouldhavebeennear

thetopofthelisttoreceiveaCOVID-19vaccine（疫苗）.Yetlikemillionsofothers,hewasn'thaving

anyluckschedulinganappointment.Nickwouldsitwithcomputersonhislaptryingforhourstobook

anappointmentondifferentsites,whichendedupinvainnomatterhowconcentratedhewas."Ifelt

hopeless,Nicksays.

ThenheheardaboutZwinggi,a40-year-oldmotherofthreewhowashelpingtosecure

appointmentsforvulnerableindividualslikeNick.SohemessagedZwinggionFacebook:Canyou

help?Thirty-fiveminuteslater,Zwinggireportedback~~Nicksuccessfullyhadanappointmenttoget

thevaccine.

4.Theunderlinedwords"'vulnerableindividuals^^inparagraph2refertothose.

A.whoaretoooldtobookanappointment.B.whoneedvaccinebadlywithseriousdisease.

C.whohavelittleexperiencewithcomputers.D.whohavelittlesparetimewithmanykids.

C.AGreatWaytoGettheVaccineD.TheVaccineChaos

14.（2023年高三全國(guó)專練）

Toreducecoffeecupwaste,CupClubisalreadyreplacingmillionsoftakeawaycupsintheUK,

whileRecupinGermany,hasperformedadepositsystemthatsimplyaddsasmallextrafeetoany

coffeecupwhichisreturnedtothebuyerafterthecupisdepositedinanyregisteredcollectionpoint.

Whatdoestheword“which“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Acollectionpoint.B.Adepositsystem.

C.Asmallextrafee.D.Anycoffeecup.

15.（2023年上海高三測(cè)試）

Londonresolvedtoliveafull,excitinglife.Heoncesaid,“Iwouldratherbeasuperbmeteor（流

星），everyatomofmeinmagnificentglow,thanasleepyandpermanentplanet."Eachday,hepushed

himself.OnceLondondeterminedthathewasgoingtobeawriter,nothingcouldstophim.Hisgoal

wastowriteatleastonethousandwordseveryday.Herefusedtostopevenwhenhewassick.In

eighteenyears,thewriterpublishedfifty-onebooksandhundredsofarticles.Hewasthebest-selling

andhighest-paidauthorofhisday.Manypeoplealsoconsideredhimtobethebestwriter.WhiteFang

andTheCalloftheWildarehismostfamousstoriesandareaboutsurvivingintheAlaskanwilderness.

ReaderscanenjoyJackLondon'senergyandhistalentfortellingwonderfulstorieseachtimethey

openoneofhisnovels.

TheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphindicatesthatJackLondon.

A.isexpertatuniverse.B.aimshighandstrivetosucceed.

C.isexcitedaboutlifeinthewildness.D.faceachoicebetweenlifeanddeath.

易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)16閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題

目錄

01易錯(cuò)陷阱（3大陷阱）

02舉一反三

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

［易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒三】句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

03易錯(cuò)題通關(guān)

易錯(cuò)陷阱1：詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】

這類題錯(cuò)誤主要因?yàn)榛A(chǔ)詞匯量積累和詞根詞綴積累不足，根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法猜詞是閱讀理解必

不可少的能力。平時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)大量積累單詞，同時(shí)利用前后的同位關(guān)系或后面的詞義或句意進(jìn)行猜

測(cè)。

易錯(cuò)陷阱2：代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】閱讀材料中的每個(gè)詞與它前面的詞語或句子甚至段落都有著密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。有時(shí)代詞與

指代的對(duì)象相隔較遠(yuǎn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)前面提到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié)，認(rèn)真查找，才能得出代詞所指代的事。

易錯(cuò)陷阱3：句意猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。

【分析】此類題型應(yīng)當(dāng)定位畫線句子，充分利用語法和邏輯關(guān)系分析原句。同時(shí)分析理解畫線

句前后的語境，合理歸納總結(jié)找出與原句意思相同的選項(xiàng)并代入畫線處驗(yàn)證。切不可因?yàn)榫渲?/p>

出現(xiàn)熟詞，而脫離語境，望文生義。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒一】詞義/詞組指代易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例1】（湖南省常德市臨澧一中2023-2024學(xué)年高三階段試題）

SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providingfastercalculationsforanaccurate

Earthmodel.ThisdetailedmathematicalmodeloftheshapeoftheEarthwasabuildingblockfor

whatwouldbecometheGPSorbit.

Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“abuildingblock^^inparagraph5mean?

A.Abasicpart.B.Adetailedmap.

C.Abuildingmaterial.D.Amajorobstacle.

易錯(cuò)分析:脫離語境，只記得熟詞意思誤選C,應(yīng)根據(jù)for之后句意及上句的意思判斷熟詞生義。

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。劃線詞句前文“SheprogrammedanIBM7030Stretchcomputer,providing

fastercalculationsforanaccurateEarthmodeL（她編寫了一臺(tái)IBM7030Stretch計(jì)算機(jī)，為精確的

地球模型提供了更快的計(jì)算。）”說明這個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS的基礎(chǔ)，從而推知?jiǎng)澗€詞句”（這個(gè)關(guān)

于地球形狀的詳細(xì)數(shù)學(xué)模型是GPS軌道的abuildingblock。戶其中劃線短語應(yīng)為“基石”的意思，

與A項(xiàng)同義。故選A項(xiàng)。

【變式1］（吉林省長(zhǎng)春市第二實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Alistenerwhoseheadisinsome“sweetspot“hearshigh-qualitysound.Butasonegelsfarther

fromthesweetspot,thesounddiminishes.Thafsbecausesoundwavesfromdifferentloudspeakers

interacttocancelouteachother'ssound.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“diminishes“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Becomeslower.B.Travelsfaster.

C.Getssweeter.D.Soundsnicer.

易錯(cuò)分析：不能看出畫線部分詞根中mini含義“微型，袖珍的”，且未能關(guān)注上句but前后兩句

話之間的轉(zhuǎn)折意義是錯(cuò)誤主要原因。

【答案】A

【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容以及后句“That飛becausesoundwavesfromdifferent

loudspeakersinteracttocancelouteachother9ssound.（這是因?yàn)閬碜圆煌瑩P(yáng)聲器的聲波相互作用，

相互抵消對(duì)方的聲音）”可知，這種技術(shù)是通過降噪處理消除對(duì)別人的干擾，因此推斷劃線句句

意：但當(dāng)你遠(yuǎn)離最佳點(diǎn)時(shí)，聲音就會(huì)減弱。故判斷該詞義為“聲音變小”。故選A。

【變式2］（湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)試題）

Actually,untilherpregnancyQuarleshadbeenlivingatbreakneckspeed.Itwentsountillast

year.4tIwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoingnonstop.I

wasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse.”

Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“breakneck“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Safeandslow.B.Fastanddangerous.

C.Excitingandterrifying.D.Gentleandcomfortable.

易錯(cuò)分析：受break的熟詞詞義影響，脫離語境誤選A。根據(jù)Actually的邏輯轉(zhuǎn)折意義，及下文

引述的話可推知邏輯含義。

【答案】B

［解析］詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段"AliciaQuarleshasherhandsfullthesedays一bothofthem,at

allhoursofthedayandnight.（這些天艾麗西亞?夸爾斯忙得不可開交---無論是白天還是晚上）”

及戈線詞下文“"Iwasexhausted,shesays."I'dbeenworkingthreejobs,doingmycharityandgoing

nonstop.Iwasafraidmymentalhealthwasgettingworse."（"我筋疲力盡，"她說。“我一直在做三份

工作，做慈善，不停地工作。我擔(dān)心我的心理健康狀況會(huì)越來越差。"）”可知，夸爾斯工作繁忙，

生活速度非常快，以至于筋疲力盡。由此推知，劃線詞breakneck與Fastanddangerous（快速危

險(xiǎn)）意思接近。故選B。

【變式3】（廣東省揭陽市普寧市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

Inearly2021,Ihitarutinmystudies.AsadoctoralcandidateattheUniversityofChicagoin

Illinois,Iworkedtodesignsafer,moreeffectivematerialsforvaccinedelivery.AlthoughIhadbeen

productiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatinginto

successinthelaboratory,andIfelthopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.

Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hitarut“inparagraph1mean?

A.Stoppedprogressingsmoothly.B.Hadveryslowreactions.

C.Acceptedhardwork'svalue.D.Overcameabigproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。本艮據(jù)文章第——段"AlthoughIhadbeenproductiveearlyinmygraduatecareer,

mylonghoursandhardworkwerenolongertranslatingintosuccessinthelaboratory,andIfelt

hopelessaboutachievingmygoals.Somethinghadtochange.（雖然我在研究生生涯的早期很有成效,

但我的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間和辛勤工作不再轉(zhuǎn)化為實(shí)驗(yàn)室的成功，我對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的目標(biāo)感到絕望。有些事情

必須改變。）”可知，我在學(xué)業(yè)上遇到了瓶頸，所以劃線部分的短語是停止順利進(jìn)行的意思。故

選A項(xiàng)。

【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)提醒二】代詞指代猜測(cè)易混易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

【例2】（安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考）

Thecreatorsofthewallhopeitwillbringanurgentlyneededsolutiontothethreatsfacingthe

Africancontinent,creating10millionjobsinruralareas,aswellaspreventing250milliontonsof

carbon.TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,isvital,andmayholdthekey

tosuccess.4CTheGreatGreenWall...isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailureofdevelopment

aidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,AfricanUnion

CommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative/'Butthistimetheyidentify.This

istheverythingofus!^

Whatdoes"us"underlinedinParagraph3referto?

B.AfricanUnions.B.Alladvocates.C.Landowners.D.AllAfricans.

易錯(cuò)分析：本題容易脫離話題，主觀臆斷。不可煩躁，浮于表面，應(yīng)嚴(yán)密查找上文語句和詞語

之間的邏輯聯(lián)系。

【答案】D

［導(dǎo)語】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段"TheinitiativeisAfrica-driven,whichforthoseonthecontinent,is

vital,andmayholdthekeytosuccess.（這一倡議是非洲驅(qū)動(dòng)的，對(duì)非洲大陸的人來說至關(guān)重要，

可能是成功的關(guān)鍵）‘'以及""TheGreatGreenWall...isaboutownership,andthathasbeenthefailure

ofdevelopmentaidbecausepeoplewereneveridentifiedwithit,“saidElvisPaulTangam,African

UnionCommissionerfortheSaharaandSahelGreatGreenWallInitiative."Butthistimetheyidentify.

Thisistheverythingofus!?,（“綠色長(zhǎng)城...是關(guān)于所有權(quán)的問題，而這正是發(fā)展援助的失敗之處,

因?yàn)槿藗儚奈凑J(rèn)同它，”非洲聯(lián)盟撒哈拉和薩赫勒綠色長(zhǎng)城倡議專員埃爾維斯?保羅?坦加姆說。

“但這一次他們認(rèn)同了。這就是我們的本性?。笨芍颂幍膗s指“所有的非洲人”。故選D項(xiàng)。

【變式2］（湖南省常德市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三試題）

RegulatorylimitsforhowmuchPFASfoodpackagingshouldcontaincanvarygreatly.For

instance,anewlawinCaliforniasetthelimitatlessthan100ppm."ComparedtoAmerica,Denmark

setsamuchlowerregulatorylimitof20ppmwithgreatsuccess,saidXeniaTrier,anexpertatthe

EuropeanEnvironmentAgency."Itdoesworktosetlimitsandenforcethem.PFASdomigratefrom

thepaperintothefood.Eventhoughitwasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.In

general,transmissionfrompackagingtofoodisincreasedasthetemperatureofthefoodrises.Itisthe

samewiththetimespentinwrappingmaterials.9,TriertoldNBS,oneofthemajorAmerican

mass-mediacompanies.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"refertoinparagraph4?

A.Considerablemigrationofgreaseandwater.

B.PFAStransmissionfrompackagingtofood.

C.Wrapperexposuretohighfoodtemperature.

D.Regulatorylimitsconcerningfoodpackaging.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段“PFASdomigratefromthepaperintothefood.Eventhoughit

wasnot100%,westillsawconsiderabletransmission.（PFAS確實(shí)從紙張轉(zhuǎn)移到了食品中。盡管它不

是100%,但我們?nèi)匀豢吹搅讼喈?dāng)大的傳播）”可知，句中it指代上文提及的“PFAS從紙張轉(zhuǎn)移到

食品中故選B。

【變式3］（2023年全國(guó)高三專項(xiàng)練習(xí)）

Attheendofeachday,theparticipantsshowedhighactivityinabrainareacalledthemidbrain.

Thescientistswereinterestedintwo,smallareaswithinit.Bothareasproducedopamine,achemical

thatisimportantincravingandrewards.Thetwoareasactivatedwhenhungryparticipantssaw

picturesoftastypizzaorjuicyhamburgers.Afterthevolunteershadbeenisolated,thosebrainareas

becameactivewhentheysawsocialactivitiestheymissed.Itmightbeplayingsportsorchattingwith

friends.

Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inparagraph3referto?

A.Amidbrainarea.B.Asocialactivity.C.Avolunteer.D.Ahamburger.

【答案】B

【解析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三自然段“Afterthevo