地鐵運(yùn)行狀態(tài)便攜式檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)與車輛損傷識(shí)別方法研究-開(kāi)題報(bào)告

地鐵運(yùn)行狀態(tài)便攜式檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)與車輛損傷識(shí)別方法研究學(xué)院專業(yè)學(xué)號(hào)研究生指導(dǎo)教師開(kāi)題時(shí)間

一、課題的來(lái)源、研究的目的意義（包括我國(guó)應(yīng)用的前景）、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀及水平1.研究的目的和意義隨著中國(guó)城市化的迅猛發(fā)展，無(wú)數(shù)城市迎來(lái)了翻天覆地的變化。人口的大量涌入，尤其是向城市地區(qū)的集中，帶來(lái)了一系列前所未有的挑戰(zhàn)。在這些挑戰(zhàn)中，交通擁堵問(wèn)題尤為突出，它不僅困擾著城市的日常生活，更成為制約城市發(fā)展的一大瓶頸。面對(duì)這一難題，地鐵以其獨(dú)特的優(yōu)勢(shì)，成為了城市交通基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)的首選。地鐵系統(tǒng)以其卓越的運(yùn)載能力，能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)高效地運(yùn)輸數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的乘客，有效緩解了城市地面交通的壓力。它的準(zhǔn)時(shí)性極高，幾乎不受天氣和交通狀況的影響，為市民提供了一種可靠、高效的出行方式。此外，地鐵的能耗相對(duì)較低，符合當(dāng)前節(jié)能減排的環(huán)保理念，為城市的綠色發(fā)展貢獻(xiàn)了重要力量。地鐵列車沿著專用的軌道網(wǎng)絡(luò)順暢運(yùn)行，不受地面交通擁堵的干擾。它們以高速穿梭于城市的每一個(gè)角落，將城市的各個(gè)區(qū)域緊密連接起來(lái)，顯著縮短了市民的通勤時(shí)間。地鐵系統(tǒng)的地下布局，不僅節(jié)約了寶貴的城市土地資源，還提升了城市空間的利用效率，為城市的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了有力支撐。然而，地鐵運(yùn)維技術(shù)仍面臨著一些挑戰(zhàn)。脫軌、鋼軌磨損、車輪損耗等問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，這些問(wèn)題不僅導(dǎo)致居民生活遭到地鐵振動(dòng)的噪聲影響，也使得居民乘坐地鐵的舒適度有所下降。如果能夠在問(wèn)題初現(xiàn)端倪時(shí)就及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決，將對(duì)降低運(yùn)維成本、保障行車安全、減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響產(chǎn)生積極作用。居民的生活質(zhì)量可以得到極大的改善。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，通過(guò)在車廂上安裝高精度的加速度傳感器，并結(jié)合車軌模型的研究，可以開(kāi)發(fā)出評(píng)估行車安全性、平穩(wěn)性和舒適性的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。這種研究方法有助于更早地發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在問(wèn)題，避免地鐵設(shè)施的進(jìn)一步損壞，從而有效控制維護(hù)成本。地鐵運(yùn)行時(shí)的車體安全監(jiān)測(cè)意義重大。與軌道檢測(cè)相比，車體檢測(cè)成本更低，監(jiān)測(cè)效率更高，設(shè)備鋪設(shè)時(shí)間更短。此外，通過(guò)車體監(jiān)測(cè)，可以快速判斷問(wèn)題根源，是列車本身還是軌道問(wèn)題，從而進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的處理，確保地鐵系統(tǒng)的高效、安全運(yùn)行。通過(guò)這些創(chuàng)新的監(jiān)測(cè)手段，地鐵系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)維管理得以邁入一個(gè)全新的智能化階段。這些技術(shù)的應(yīng)用不僅提升了行車的安全性和乘客的舒適度，還顯著降低了地鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)和維護(hù)的成本。更為重要的是，它們還對(duì)環(huán)境保護(hù)做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)，減少了地鐵運(yùn)行對(duì)城市環(huán)境的負(fù)面影響。高精度的加速度傳感器能夠?qū)崟r(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)地鐵列車在行駛過(guò)程中的動(dòng)態(tài)表現(xiàn)，及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)異常振動(dòng)或沖擊，這些可能是潛在故障的前兆。通過(guò)早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和預(yù)警，地鐵運(yùn)營(yíng)方可以采取預(yù)防性維護(hù)措施，避免問(wèn)題擴(kuò)大，減少緊急維修的頻率和成本，延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備使用壽命。車軌模型的研究幫助工程師深入理解列車與軌道之間的相互作用，優(yōu)化列車設(shè)計(jì)和軌道幾何形狀，減少因不匹配造成的額外磨損。這種優(yōu)化不僅降低了維護(hù)成本，還減少了因列車運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生的噪音和振動(dòng)，提升了乘客的舒適度和周邊居民的生活質(zhì)量。2.國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀目前地鐵運(yùn)維技術(shù)仍有很多缺陷，脫軌、鋼軌的磨損、車輪的磨損這些問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)重，如果可以在更早的時(shí)間以更低的成本發(fā)現(xiàn)并解決這些問(wèn)題，對(duì)運(yùn)維成本、行車安全、環(huán)境的影響都會(huì)有很大改變。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者通過(guò)各種方法進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究。2.1國(guó)外研究現(xiàn)狀ZhaoweiChenADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"ldA9h027","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[1]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":32,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/4TA6NFK3"],"itemData":{"id":32,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Train-trackinteraction(TTI)isaclassicresearchtopicinrailwayengineering,whichconsistsofthreemainparts,namely,trainmodel,trackmodel,and...","container-title":"ShockandVibration","DOI":"10.1155/2019/1859261","ISSN":"1070-9622,1875-9203","language":"en","note":"publisher:Wiley","source":"","title":"AnAlternativeSolutionofTrain-TrackDynamicInteraction","URL":"/10.1155/2019/1859261","volume":"2019","author":[{"family":"Chen","given":"Zhaowei"},{"family":"Fang","given":"Hui"}],"accessed":{"date-parts":[["2024",8,8]]},"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019",1,1]]},"citation-key":"chenAlternativeSolutionTrainTrack2019"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1]為了提高計(jì)算精度，拓寬應(yīng)用范圍，該文介紹了一種基于商業(yè)軟件ANSYS通過(guò)APDL語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行二次開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)的TTI研究的替代計(jì)算方法。所提方法有效且能夠研究TTI。采用該方法可以精確模擬不同復(fù)雜的軌道系統(tǒng)。此外，該方法也可用于探索列車-橋交互作用和列車-軌道-橋梁相互作用。MeysamNaeimiADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"hOZ6v1rt","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[2]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[2]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":42,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/V3HLLUTT"],"itemData":{"id":42,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Amathematicalmodelofthevehicle–trackinteractionisdevelopedtoinvestigatethecoupledbehaviourofvehicle–tracksystem,inthepresenceofunevenirregularitiesatleft/rightrails.Therailwayvehicleissimplifiedasa3Dmulti-rigid-bodymodel,andthetrackistreatedasthetwoparallelbeamsonalayereddiscretesupportsystem.Besidesthecar-body,thebogiesandthewheelsets,thesleepersareassumedtohaverolldegreeoffreedom,inordertosimulatethein-planerotationofthecomponents.Thewheel–railinterfaceistreatedusinganonlinearHertziancontactmodel,couplingthemathematicalequationsofthevehicle–tracksystems.Thedynamicinteractionoftheentiresystemisnumericallystudiedintimedomain,employingNewmark'sintegrationmethod.Thetrackirregularityspectraofboththeleft/rightrailsaretakenintoaccount,astheinputsofdynamicexcitations.Thedynamicresponsesofthetracksysteminducedbysuchirregularitiesareobtained,particularlyintermsofthevertical(bounce)androlldisplacements.Thenumericalmodelofthepresentresearchisvalidatedusingseveralbenchmarkmodelsreportedintheliterature,forboththesmoothandunsmoothtrackconditions.Foursampleprofilesofthemeasuredrailirregularitiesareconsideredasthecasestudiesofexcitationsources,examiningtheirinfluencesonthedynamicbehaviourofthecoupledsystem.Theresultsofnumericalsimulationsdemonstratethatthemotionoftracksystemissignificantlyinfluencedbythepresenceofunevenirregularitiesinleft/rightrails.Dynamicresponseofthesleepersintherolldirectionbecomesmoresensitivetotherailirregularities,astheunevennessseverityoftheparallelprofiles(quantitativedifferencebetweenleftandrightrailspectra)isincreased.Theseveregeometricdeformationofthetrackinthebounce–pitch–rolldirectionsismainlyrelatedtosuchprofileunevenness(cross-level)inleft/rightrails.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423114.2014.998243","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"1","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423114.2014.998243","page":"88-111","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"Influenceofunevenrailirregularitiesonthedynamicresponseoftherailwaytrackusingathree-dimensionalmodelofthevehicle–tracksystem","volume":"53","author":[{"family":"Naeimi","given":"Meysam"},{"family":"Zakeri","given":"JabbarAli"},{"family":"Esmaeili","given":"Morteza"},{"family":"Shadfar","given":"Morad"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2015",1,2]]},"citation-key":"naeimiInfluenceUnevenRail2015"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[2]隨著平行輪廓的不均勻性（左右軌道光譜之間的定量差異）的增加，軌枕在滾動(dòng)方向上的動(dòng)態(tài)響應(yīng)對(duì)鋼軌不規(guī)則性變得更加敏感。軌道在彈跳-俯仰-滾動(dòng)方向上的嚴(yán)重幾何變形主要與左右鋼軌的這種輪廓不均勻（交叉水平）有關(guān)。B.SuárezADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"X5Yidp2x","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[3]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[3]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":52,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/NXXTYUYY"],"itemData":{"id":52,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Vehicle–trackinteractionforanewresilientslabtrackdesignedtoreducenoiseandvibrationlevelswasanalysed,inordertoassessthederailmentriskonacurvedtrackwhenencounteringabrokenrail.Sensitivityoftherailsupportspacingoftherelativepositionoftherailbreakagebetweentwoadjacentrailsupportsandofrunningspeedwereanalysedfortwodifferentelasticitiesoftherailfasteningsystem.Innoneofthecasesanalysedwasobservedanappreciabledifferencebetweeneitheroftheelasticsystems.Aswasexpected,themostunfavourablesituationswerethosewithgreaterrailsupportspacingandthosewithgreaterdistancefromthebreakagetothenearestrailsupport,althoughinnoneofthesimulationsperformeddidaderailmentoccurwhenrunningoverthebrokenrail.Whenvaryingtherunningspeed,themostfavourableconditionwasobtainedforanintermediatespeed,duetothesuperpositionoftwoantagonisticeffects.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423114.2011.563859","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"1","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423114.2011.563859","page":"59-78","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"Safetyassessmentofundergroundvehiclespassingoverhighlyresilientcurvedtracksinthepresenceofabrokenrail","volume":"50","author":[{"family":"Suárez","given":"B."},{"family":"Rodriguez","given":"P."},{"family":"Vázquez","given":"M."},{"family":"Fernández","given":"I."}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2012",1,1]]},"citation-key":"suarezSafetyAssessmentUnderground2012"}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[3]分析了一種旨在降低噪音和振動(dòng)水平的新型彈性板式軌道的車輛與軌道的相互作用，以評(píng)估在遇到斷軌時(shí)彎曲軌道上的脫軌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。分析了鋼軌緊固系統(tǒng)兩種不同彈性的鋼軌支座間距、兩相鄰鋼軌支座之間鋼軌斷裂的相對(duì)位置以及運(yùn)行速度的敏感性。G.VlachospyrosADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"3c6zLXzT","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[4]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[4]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":56,"uris":["/users/local/VSrUWg6B/items/KB3F8RNF"],"itemData":{"id":56,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Arobustdata-drivenmethodforon-boardvibration-baseddegradationdetectioninrailwaysuspensionsofrunningvehiclesisintroduced.Themethodemploystwolateralvibrationaccelerationsensorspervehiclehalf,oneonthebogieandoneonthevehiclebody.ItisbasedonTransmittanceFunctiondata-drivenmodelsoftheAutoRegressivewitheXogenousexcitationtypewithinanunsupervisedMultipleModelframeworkandaimsateffectivedetectionofearly-stagecomponentdegradationwhileachievingrobustnesstovaryingOperatingConditions.ThemethodisvalidatedviathousandsofMonteCarlosimulationexperimentsunderthreedistincttravellingspeeds.Throughthem,perfectdetectionperformanceisdemonstratedfor‘small’leveldegradation,characterisedby20%reductioninthepropertiesofsuspensioncomponents,whileeven‘minor’degradation,characterisedby10%reduction,isdetectablebutsomewhatlesseffectively.Theverygoodperformancecharacteristicsofthemethodareconfirmedviafieldtestsaswell,whileitssuperiorityoveralternativeschemesisdemonstratedviacomparisonswithastate-of-the-artentropy-basedapproach.","container-title":"VehicleSystemDynamics","DOI":"10.1080/00423114.2023.2236734","ISSN":"0042-3114","issue":"6","note":"publisher:Taylor&Francis\n_eprint:/10.1080/00423114.2023.2236734","page":"1446-1470","source":"TaylorandFrancis+NEJM","title":"On-boardvibration-basedrobustandunsuperviseddegradationdetectioninrailwaysuspensionsundervarioustravellingspeedsviaaMultipleModelframework","volume":"62","author":[{"family":"Vlachospyros","given":"G."},{"family":"Fassois","given":"S.D."},{"family":"Sa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