【名校區(qū)域大聯(lián)考】專題03.閱讀理解C篇（說明文為主）（解析版）

全國名校區(qū)域大聯(lián)考高三英語試題精選集錦（第五期）專題0專題03：閱讀理解C篇（說明文為主）編者按：遴選全國各地近期區(qū)域大聯(lián)考試題，精心編輯，排版整齊。目錄(T8聯(lián)考)八省八校2024屆高三第一次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量評價英語試題廣東省金太陽2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期百校聯(lián)考英語試題江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月大聯(lián)考江蘇省鹽城市聯(lián)盟校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考浙江省新陣地教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考浙江省教改共同體2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月聯(lián)考河北省滄衡名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題河北省省級聯(lián)測考試2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月試題山東省新高考聯(lián)合質(zhì)量測評2023-2024學(xué)年高三12月大聯(lián)考河南省南陽市TOP20聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月月考河南箐師聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月質(zhì)量檢測考試題安徽省皖東十校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第三次月考湖北省宜荊荊隨恩2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月聯(lián)考英語試題湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)合測評2024屆重慶市縉云教育聯(lián)盟高三上學(xué)期一模英語試題遼寧省聯(lián)考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月期末英語試題浙江省縣域教研聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題(T8聯(lián)考)八省八校2024屆高三第一次學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量評價英語試題CCarlWieman,aNobelPrize-winningphysicistatStanfordUniversity,excelledinthelab,wherehecreatedtheBose-Einsteincondensate(玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚態(tài)).However,hismasteryinthelabdidnotextendtotheclassroom.Foryears,hewrestledwithwhatseemedtobeastraightforwardtask:makingundergraduatescomprehendphysicsashedid.Layingitoutforthem-explaining,evendemonstratingthecoreconceptsofthediscipline-wasnotworking.Despitehisclearexplanations,hisstudents'capacitytosolvetheproblemsheposedtothemremainedinadequate.Itwasinanunexpectedplacethathefoundthekeytotheproblem:notinhisclassroomsbutamongthegraduatestudents(研究生)whocametoworkinhislab.WhenhisPH.D.candidatesenteredthelab,Wiemannoticed,theirhabitsofthoughtwerenolessnarrowandrigidthantheundergraduates.Withinayearortwo,however,thesesamegraduatestudentstransformedintotheflexiblethinkershewastryingsoearnestly,andunsuccessfully,tocultivate.“Somekindofintellectualprocessmusthavebeenmissingfromthetraditionaleducation,"Wiemanrecounts.Amajorfactorinthegraduatestudents'transformation,Wiemanconcluded,wastheirexperienceofintensesocialengagementaroundabodyofknowledge-thehourstheyspentadvising,debatingwith,andrecountinganecdotestooneanother.In2019,astudypublishedintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesbackedthisidea.Trackingtheintellectualadvancementofseveralhundredgraduatestudentsinthesciencesoverthecourseoffouryears,itsauthorsfoundthatthedevelopmentofcrucialskillssuchasgeneratinghypotheses(假設(shè)),designingexperiments,andanalyzingdatawascloselyrelatedtothestudents'engagementwiththeirpeersinthelab,ratherthantheguidancetheyreceivedfromtheirfacultymentors(導(dǎo)師).WiemanisoneofagrowingnumberofStanfordprofessorswhoarebringingthis“activelearning”approachtotheircourses.Hisaspirationistomovescienceeducationawayfromthelectureformat,towardamodelthatismoreactiveandmoreengaged.28.WhatproblemdidCarlWiemanhavewithhisundergraduates?A.Makingthemexcelinthelab.B.Demonstratinglabexperiments.C.Facilitatingtheirall-rounddevelopment.D.Enhancingtheirphysicsproblem-solving.29.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthegraduatestudentswhofirstjoinedWieman'slab?A.Limitedinthinking.B.Resistanttonewideas.C.Flexibleandearnest.D.Experiencedandcooperative.30.Whatiscrucialfordevelopingstudents'intelligentthoughtaccordingtothe2019study?A.Intenselabwork.B.Peerpressureandevaluation.C.Academicinteractionwithfellows.D.Engagementwithexternalsociety.31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.TransformingGraduates'HabitsB.CarlWieman'sNobelPrizeJourneyC.TheNobel-PrizeWinner'sStrugglesD.CarlWieman'sEducationInnovation[C篇大意]本文是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與社會。文章主要介紹了諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎獲得者CarlWieman試圖幫助本科學(xué)生提高解決問題.的能力而進(jìn)行的教學(xué)創(chuàng)新。這位斯坦福大學(xué)的教授通過觀察他的研究生,發(fā)現(xiàn)促進(jìn)他們思維能力提升的主要因素是圍繞知識體系進(jìn)行的密集的學(xué)術(shù)交流。于是,越來越多的教授在課程教學(xué)中采用這種方法,將科學(xué)教育從傳統(tǒng)的講座形式轉(zhuǎn)向一種更積極、更投入的模式。28.D[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的最后一句“Despiteitsclearexplanations,hisstudents'capacitytosolvetheproblemsheposedtothemremainedinadequate.”可知.他的學(xué)生(本科生)仍然無法提高解決他提出的問題的能力。29.A[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“-theirhabitsofthoughtwerenolessnarrowandrigidthantheundergraduates."可知,他們(研究生)的思維習(xí)慣和本科生--樣狹隘僵化.30.C[解析]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“thedevelopmentofcrucialskillssuchaswascloselyrelatedtothestudents'engagementwiththeirpeersinthelab"可知,2019年的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生關(guān)鍵思維能力的發(fā)展和在實驗室里與同齡人的學(xué)術(shù)交流密切相關(guān)。31.D[解析]標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段是講CarlWieman在教學(xué)中發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生的思維能力和解決問題的能力較差;第二、三段關(guān)于他如何找到的解決方案一在實驗室的研究生身上發(fā)現(xiàn)思維能力的提升關(guān)鍵是和同伴進(jìn)行的學(xué)術(shù)交流。第四段是結(jié)果--越來越多的教授們在課程教學(xué)中采用積極學(xué)習(xí)的模式。因此,D項“CarlWieman的教育創(chuàng)新”可作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。廣東省金太陽2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期百校聯(lián)考英語試題CBringingspecieslikebeavers(河貍)backtoEnglandisnolongerapriority,thegovernmentsaidonFridaytocriticismfromwildlifegroups.ArecentreportshowsthatonensixUKspeciesareatriskofextinction.InSeptembermorethan60conservationorganizationsreportedasignificantdeclineinspeciesduetoexpansionsinfarmingandtheeffectsofclimatechange.Inrecentyears,animalsandplantshavebeenreintroducedbycharitiesaspartofeffortstorestorethecountry'sreducedbiodiversity.Despitethegovernmentallowingthis,theEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairsCommitteeconcludedinJulythattherewasanabsenceoflong-termplansonhowtomanagethis.Inresponse,thegovernmenthasnowsaidthatthe"reintroductionofspeciesisnotapriority".Thegovernmentsaiditwasfocusedonincreasingbiodiversitythroughhabitatrestoration.Thegovernment'senvironmentdepartmenthascomeunderscrutiny(詳細(xì)審查)fornotdoingmoretopreventsewagedumpingandotherformsofpollutioninEngland'swaterways.SirRobertGoodwill,chairoftheCommittee,saidhewasdisappointedwiththegovernmentresponse.Bringingbackextinctspeciesisacontroversialissue-althoughfarmersandlandownersappearbroadlysupportive,therearerisksofreintroducingnewspecies,andwithoutclearguidance,problemscouldarise.Arecentstudyshowedthatriverbarrierssimilartothosebuiltbybeaverscanprotectcommunitiesatriskofflooding.ButtherehavealsobeencasesdocumentedinEuropewherebeavershavebuilttheirdamsinplacesthathavedamagedcropsandchangedrivers.JoanEdwards,directorofPolicy&PublicAffairsatTheWildlifeTrustssaid,“ReintroducingwildlifemustbepartoftheUKgovernment'sarsenal(武器)fortacklingnaturelossandclimatechange--itisastonishingthereisnostrategyfordoingso.”“Thereturnofwildbeaverscanhelptorecreatelostwetlands,withaknock-oneffectthatbenefitsotherwildlifeincludinginsects,invertebratesandbirds.Beaversalsoslowtheflowofwater,whichcanreducefloodriskstotownsandvillages,”shesaid.28.Whatdoesparagraph2wanttoconvey?A.ThesituationofspeciesintheUKSevere.B.ReintroductionofspeciesintheUKisnotapriority.C.Expansionsinfarminghaveagreateffectonclimatechange.D.TheUKgovernment'sresponsetoreducedbiodiversityisdisappointing.29.HowdidtheUKgovernmentplantoincreasebiodiversity?A.Byrestoringhabitat.B.Byofferingguidance.C.Byexpandingfarming.D.Bydevelopingstrategy.30.WhatdidJoanEdwardsthinkofreintroductionofwildlife?A.Itwasmessy.B.Itwascontroversial.C.Itwasbeneficial.D.Itwascostly.31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theadvantagesofreintroducingwildlife.B.Theresponsestoagovernmentstatement.C.Theeffectsofclimatechangeonfarming.D.Theapproachestoincreasingbiodiversity.28—31AACBC篇：本文是一篇說明文。是否恢復(fù)滅絕物種是一個有爭議的問題。最近英國發(fā)出的一份聲明就引起了爭議。28.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段可知，此段主要介紹了英國物種多樣性的現(xiàn)狀。從介紹來看，形勢嚴(yán)峻。29.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句可知，政府表示，其重點是通過恢復(fù)棲息地來增加生物多樣性。30.C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，JoanEdwards認(rèn)為重新引進(jìn)野生動物是英國政府應(yīng)對自然喪失和氣候變化的武器。重新引進(jìn)野生動物是有好處的。31.B【解析】主旨大意題。是否恢復(fù)滅絕物種是一個有爭議的問題。最近英國發(fā)出的一份聲明就引起了爭議。社會各界對政府的這份聲明做出了不同的反應(yīng)。江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月大聯(lián)考CScientistsalreadyknewthatgulls(海鷗)preferfoodthathasbeentouchedbypeople,butitwasunclearhowwelltheycoulddrawontheirobservationsofsnackinghumanstofindsimilarbitsoffoodwhileforaging(覓食).Inthelatestwork,Feist,abiologistattheUniversityofSussexandhercolleaguestapedgreen(saltandvinegar)andblue(cheeseandonion)packetsofcrispstobricksandplacedthemafewmetresfromgullsonanotherwiseclearpatchofBrightonbeach.Thescientiststhenbacked5metresandfilmedthebirds’behaviour.Insomecases,theresearcherssimplylookedatthecamera,whileinotherstheypecked(啄)agreenorbluebagofcrisps.Whenthescientistssatquietlywithoutsnacking,lessthanafifthofgullsapproachedthecrisppacketsplacednearby.Butwhentheresearchersweresnackingoncrisps,48%ofthebirdshoppedovertocheckoutthepackets.Nearly40%ofsuchapproachesendedwithgullspeckingatthecrisppackets,andofthese,95%weredirectedatthesamecolourpacketasthescientistwaseatingfrom.“Itisimpressivebecausetheevolutionaryhistoryofgullswouldn’thaveinvolvedhumans,”saidFeist.Theworksuggeststhatthereisworktodotoreducetensionbetweenhumansandurbangulls.Theimpactof“donotfeedthebirds”signsmight,forexample,beimprovedbyadding“…anddon’tletthemseeyoueat,either”.“Itislikelythatsimplystoppingthepublicfromdirectlyfeedinggullsmaynotbeenough,”Feistsaid.“Theyarestillabletoobservewhatweeatandthatwouldinformtheirabilitytotargetwaste,litterandsoon.”DrGoumas,anexpertongullsatExeterUniversity,said:“Thisstudyshowsthatwearen’tonlydrawinggulls’attentiontowherefoodis,buttheyalsolearnaboutthetypeoffoodwe’reeating.Knowingthismayhaveimplicationsforhowwereducenegativeinteractionsbetweenhumansandgulls,asweseemtobeunconsciouslyteachinggullstoexplorenewfooditems.”28.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofobservation. B.TheprocessofFeist’swork.C.Theeatingbehaviourofgulls. D.TheunderlyinglogicofFeist’swork.29.WhatcanwelearnfromFeist’swork?A.Thereisnoneedtofeedurbangulls.B.Gullscandistinguishbetweencrisps.C.Humansarecrucialingulls’evolution.D.Gullschoosewhattoeatbywatchinghumans.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph5referto?A.Behaviourofhumans.B.Gulls’foragingchoices.C.Banonpeoplefeedinggulls.D.Gulls’observationsofsnackinghumans.31.WhatdoesDrGoumasthinkoftheresearchresult?A.Itisofsomevalue. B.Itishighlyprofitable.C.Ittakesagestotestit. D.Itneedstobepractical.【答案】28.B29.D30.D31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海鷗有能力觀察人類的食物偏好，并利用這些信息找到類似的食物。文章認(rèn)為，這表明需要采取措施避免人類和海鷗之間的緊張關(guān)系?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Inthelatestwork,Feist,abiologistattheUniversityofSussexandhercolleaguestapedgreen(saltandvinegar)andblue(cheeseandonion)packetsofcrispstobricksandplacedthemafewmetresfromgullsonanotherwiseclearpatchofBrightonbeach.Thescientiststhenbacked5metresandfilmedthebirds’behaviour.Insomecases,theresearcherssimplylookedatthecamera,whileinotherstheypecked(啄)agreenorbluebagofcrisps.(在最新的研究中，薩塞克斯大學(xué)的生物學(xué)家費斯特和她的同事們把綠色(鹽和醋)和藍(lán)色(奶酪和洋蔥)的薯片包粘在磚頭上，然后把它們放在離海鷗幾米遠(yuǎn)的布萊頓海灘上。科學(xué)家們退后5米，拍攝了這些鳥的行為。在一些情況下，研究人員只是看著相機(jī)，而在另一些情況下，他們啄著綠色或藍(lán)色的薯片袋。)”可知，本段主要描述并介紹了研究的具體開展過程。故選B?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butwhentheresearchersweresnackingoncrisps,48%ofthebirdshoppedovertocheckoutthepackets.Nearly40%ofsuchapproachesendedwithgullspeckingatthecrisppackets,andofthese,95%weredirectedatthesamecolourpacketasthescientistwaseatingfrom.

(但是當(dāng)研究人員吃薯片的時候，48%的鳥會跳過去查看包裝。近40%的這種方法最終以海鷗啄食薯片包裝袋告終，其中95%的海鷗啄食的是與科學(xué)家吃的相同顏色的包裝袋。)”可知，通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn)5%的海鷗啄食的是與科學(xué)家吃的相同顏色的包裝袋即海鷗通過觀察人類來選擇吃什么。故選D?！?0題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前面的內(nèi)容“Theyarestillabletoobservewhatweeat

(它們?nèi)匀荒軌蛴^察我們吃什么)”可知，此處指海鷗能夠觀察到人們吃什么，這將告知它們區(qū)分廢物、垃圾。因此劃線詞指代的是“海鷗觀察人類零食的行為”。故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Knowingthismayhaveimplicationsforhowwereducenegativeinteractionsbetweenhumansandgulls,asweseemtobeunconsciouslyteachinggullstoexplorenewfooditems.(了解這一點可能會對我們?nèi)绾螠p少人類與海鷗之間的負(fù)面互動產(chǎn)生影響，因為我們似乎在無意識地教會海鷗探索新的食物。)”可知，DrGoumas認(rèn)為通過該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會對我們?nèi)绾螠p少人類與海鷗之間的負(fù)面互動產(chǎn)生影響，故推測DrGoumas認(rèn)為該研究是有價值的。故選A。江蘇省鹽城市聯(lián)盟校2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考CPhotosynthesis(光合作用)isauniqueskillofgreenplants—theyturnwaterandcarbondioxideintooxygenandfoodviasunlight.AgroupofChinesescientists,however,“copied”theprocessonanimals.Tounderstandthenewbreakthrough,itisimportanttoknowhowphotosynthesisworks.Plantstakeincarbondioxideandwaterfromtheairandsoil.Withintheplantcell,thewaterisoxidized.Thistransformsthewaterintooxygenandthecarbondioxideintoglucose(葡萄糖).Theplantthenreleasestheoxygenbackintotheairandstoresenergywithintheglucosemolecules.Inthestudy,theresearchersfromZhejiangUniversitydevelopedanindependentandcontrollablephotosyntheticsystem,accordingtothestudypublishedinNatureinearlyDecember,2022.Theyseparatedthylakoids(類囊體),apartofthecellwherelightreactionstakeplaceinplants,fromyoungspinachleaves.Thescientiststhenwrappedthethylakoidswiththecoverofanimalcells,whichmadetheimplantedthylakoidsmoreacceptabletoforeignbodies.Themiceusedinthestudyweresufferingfromarthritis,meaningcellsintheircartilagehaddegeneratedandcouldnotberepairedbythemselves.Withthethylakoidsimplantedintothemiceandexposedtolight,themicerecovered.Theirmetabolismreturnedtonormal.Inarthritis,thepatientsusuallyhaveenergylosssincefewerenergy-carryingmoleculesaregenerated.Theimplant,however,cancorrecttheimbalancebystoringmoreenergyviaphotosynthesis.Theresearchersalsoclaimedthattheirtestswouldhavemedicalusage.Itcanbeusedaspartofthesolutionfordegenerativediseasesbecausethenaturalphotosynthesissystemmayrepaircells.Itmayalsodelaytheagingprocessincells.Thestudyshowed“anexcitingachievementthatopensuppossibilitiesofmetabolismengineering,”commentedoneofthepaper’sreviewersFranciscoCejudofromtheUniversityofSevilleinSpain,reportedXinhua.28.Whatismainlymentionedintheparagraph2?A.Thetheorybehindtheexperiment. B.Thebackgroundoftheexperiment.C.Theproceduresoftheexperiment. D.Theeffectsoftheexperiment.29.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefollowinginformationtrue?A.AgroupofChinesescientistscopiedthephotosynthesisofanimalsonplants.B.Theplaceinwhichtheplantstoresenergyisthylakoids.C.Thethylakoidswrappedbyanimalcellsmakeitselfacceptedwitheasebyforeignbodies.D.Thistherapyhasbeenusedaspartofthesolutionfordegenerativediseases.30.Whatistheattitudeofacommentatortowardstheexistingstudiesaboutthestudy?A.Cautious. B.Approving. C.Doubtful. D.Uncertain.31.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.EffectivePhotosynthesis.B.BreakthroughsmadebyagroupofChinesescientists.C.ChinesescientistswhocopiedPhotosynthesisonanimals.D.ChinesescientistscopiedPhotosynthesisonanimals.【答案】28A29.C30.B31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。本文講述了一個中國科學(xué)團(tuán)隊在動物身上“復(fù)制”了植物所特有的光合作用的全過程。【28題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“AgroupofChinesescientists,however,”copied”theprocessonanimals.(

然而，一群中國科學(xué)家在動物身上“復(fù)制”了這一過程。)”及第二段“Tounderstandthenewbreakthrough,itisimportanttoknowhowphotosynthesisworksPlantstakeincarbondioxideandwaterfromtheairandsoil.Withintheplantcell,thewaterisoxidized.Thistransformsthewaterintooxygenandthecarbondioxideintoglucose(葡萄糖).Theplantthenreleasestheoxygenbackintotheairandstoresenergywithintheglucosemolecules.Inthestudy,theresearchersfromZhejiangUniversitydevelopedanindependentandcontrollablephotosyntheticsystem,accordingtothestudypublishedinNatureinearlyDecember,2022.(為了理解這一新的突破，了解光合作用是如何工作的是很重要的。植物從空氣和土壤中吸收二氧化碳和水。在植物細(xì)胞內(nèi)，水被氧化。這個過程將水轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣，將二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為葡萄糖。然后，植物將氧氣釋放回空氣中，并將能量儲存在葡萄糖分子中。根據(jù)2022年12月初發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的研究報告，在這項研究中，浙江大學(xué)的研究人員開發(fā)了一種獨立可控的光合系統(tǒng)。)”可知，第二段提到這個實驗背后的理論——光合作用,科學(xué)家們將這一理論用在動物身上的。故選A項?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thescientiststhenwrappedthethylakoidswiththecoverofanimalcells,whichmadetheimplantedthylakoidsmoreacceptabletoforeignbodies.(然后，科學(xué)家們用動物細(xì)胞包裹類囊體，這使得植入的類囊體更容易被異物接受。)”可知，被動物細(xì)胞包裹的類囊體使自己很容易被異物接受。故選C?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thestudyshowed“anexcitingachievementthatopensuppossibilitiesofmetabolismengineering,”commentedoneofthepaper’sreviewersFranciscoCejudofromtheUniversityofSevilleinSpain,reportedXinhua.(據(jù)新華社報道，來自西班牙塞維利亞大學(xué)的論文審稿人FranciscoCejudo評論說，這項研究顯示了“一項令人興奮的成就，開辟了代謝工程的可能性”。)”可推斷，這位評論員認(rèn)為這項成就是令人興奮的，開辟了代謝工程的可能性，因此推斷他是贊賞的。故選B。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段的“AgroupofChinesescientists,however,“copied”theprocessonanimals.(然而，一組中國科學(xué)家在動物身上“復(fù)制”了這一過程。)”以及下文內(nèi)容可知，本文講述了一個中國科學(xué)團(tuán)隊在動物身上“復(fù)制”了植物所特有的光合作用的全過程，并提到了光合作用運用到動物、人類身上的好處以及該研究對醫(yī)療、代謝方面的意義。故選D。浙江省強(qiáng)基聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考CCanhumansreallyunderstandwhatanimalsaresaying,orarewejustbarkingupthewrongtree?“Artificialintelligence(AI)holdsthekeytounlockingthefascinatinginsights.Beyondcreatingchatbotsthatcharmpeople,machinelearningmaysoonmakeitpossibletodecode(解碼)animalcalls,”saysRaskin,co-founderofthenonprofitEarthSpeciesProject.It’sdevelopingAImodelsthatimitateavarietyofspecies,aimingtohave“conversations”withanimals.Itsteamiscollectingdiversedatafromvariousspeciesandbuildingmachine-learningmodelsforanalysis.ProjectCETI(鯨類動物翻譯計劃)focusesonunderstandingaparticularspecies,inthiscasethespermwhale.Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups.Whenafamiliaryoungmalerejoinedhisfamily,researchersseizedthechancetorecordtheirsounds.Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation.Usinganeural(神經(jīng)的)network,theteamtrainedittodiscernindividualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.Astechadvances,thedoorhasbeenopenedtousingmachinelearningtodecodeunfamiliarlanguages.It’sfoundthatAItoolshavepracticalvaluebeyondresearch.Translatinganimalsoundsaidsendangeredspecies.Scientistsstudycagedbirds’callstograspsoundchanges,explainingdifficultiesinreintroduction.Machinelearningdecodespets’signalslikebarksandfacialexpressions.Raskin’sAImodeltranslatesdogs’expressions,revealingtheirsurprisingcapabilitiestoowners.Additionally,ithelpspredictpigemotionsbasedontheirsounds,enhancinganimalwelfare.Advancementsdeepenourunderstandingofanimals.Nowenthusiasticscientistsarecommittedtoopen-sourcedataandmodelsharing.“Everytimeyouinventatechnology,youalsoinventaresponsibility,”Raskinsays.“Designinga‘whalechatbot’demandsweimagineananimal’sexperience.Thetruevalueofanylanguageisthatithelpsusrelatetoothers.”28.WhatisthepurposeoftheEarthSpeciesProject?A.Togathervastdatawithacomputer.B.Tocreatechatbotsthatimitateanimals.C.TounderstandanimallanguagesusingAI.D.Tostudythesocialbehaviorofspermwhales.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discern”inparagraph3mean?A.Train. B.Recognize. C.Record. D.Protect.30.HowdoAItoolsprovidepracticalvalueindeepeningourinsightsintoanimals?A.Bytranslatinganimals’callsandlooks. B.Byadvancinganimalwell-being.C.Byreintroducingendangeredspecies. D.Bystudyinganimals’negativeemotions.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LostinTranslation?NotwithAIB.AFutureofChattingwithAnimalsC.WhalesSOS:Human-AIUniteforMiraclesD.PracticalValueofMachineLearningModels【答案】28.C29.B30.A31.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了非營利機(jī)構(gòu)EarthSpeciesProject利用人工智能工具解碼動物語言，加深人類對動物的理解和共情。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“It’sdevelopingAImodelsthatimitateavarietyofspecies,aimingtohave‘conversations’withanimals.（該公司正在開發(fā)模仿各種物種的人工智能模型，旨在與動物“對話”。)”可知，其目的是用人工智能來理解動物的語言。故選C?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Spermwhaleshavecomplexsocialgroups....Fortwodecades,scientistsdocumentedtwospermwhalegroups,capturingtheirclickingsounds.Aftermanuallydecodingsomesounds,theyturnedtoAIforfastertranslation....individualwhalesfromasubsetofsounds.Next,theirambitiousgoalistotrainacomputertospeakwhale.(抹香鯨有復(fù)雜的社會群體?！陙恚茖W(xué)家們記錄了兩個抹香鯨群，捕捉到它們的咔噠聲。在手動解碼一些聲音后，他們轉(zhuǎn)向人工智能來加快翻譯速度。……從聲音子集中（）單個鯨魚。接下來，他們雄心勃勃的目標(biāo)是訓(xùn)練一臺計算機(jī)說鯨魚語。)”可知，該團(tuán)隊利用AI來將個體抹香鯨(的聲音)與一個子集的聲音分辨開來，由此可知，discern意為“識別”，與B項“Recognize”意思接近。故選B項。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Machinelearningdecodespets’signalslikebarksandfacialexpressions.(機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)可以解碼寵物的吠叫和面部表情等信號。)”可知，AI工具能為加深我們對動物的認(rèn)知提供實際價值，其背后的機(jī)制是破譯動物的語言信號，如叫聲和面部表情。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段““Artificialintelligence(AI)holdsthekeytounlockingthefascinatinginsights.Beyondcreatingchatbotsthatcharmpeople,machinelearningmaysoonmakeitpossibletodecode(解碼)animalcalls,”saysRaskin,co-founderofthenonprofitEarthSpeciesProject.It’sdevelopingAImodelsthatimitateavarietyofspecies,aimingtohave“conversations”withanimals.(“人工智能(AI)掌握著打開這些迷人洞見的鑰匙。除了創(chuàng)造吸引人的聊天機(jī)器人，機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)可能很快就能解碼動物的叫聲，”非營利性地球物種項目的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人拉斯金說。該公司正在開發(fā)模仿各種物種的人工智能模型，旨在與動物“對話”。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章講述了非營利機(jī)構(gòu)EarthSpeciesProject利用人工智能工具解碼動物語言，加深人類對動物的理解和共情。由此可知，B項“AFutureofChattingwithAnimals（與動物聊天的未來）”是合適的標(biāo)題。故選B。浙江省新陣地教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次聯(lián)考CAfterCOVID-19,theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatwhilethenumberofnurseshasincreasedinthepastthreeyears,theU.S.stillexperiencesashortageofregisterednurses,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobs.Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.Japanisaheadofthecurvewhenitcomestothistrend.ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcanmakehospitalrounds,delivermedicationsandotheritems,andretrieverecords.Thistypeofrobotwilllikelybeoneofthefirsttobeimplementedinhospital.Robotscapableofsocialengagementhelpwithlonelinessaswellascognitivefunctioning,buttherobotitselfdoesn’thavetoengagedirectly—itcanserveasamediatorforhumancommunication.TelepresencerobotssuchasMantaroBot,Vgo,andGiraffcanbecontrolledthroughacomputer,smartphone,ortablet,allowingfamilymembersordoctorstoremotelymonitorpatientsorSkypethem.Ifyoucan’tgettothenursinghometovisitgrandma,youcanuseatelepresencerobottohangoutwithher.Arobot’sappearanceaffectsitsabilitytosuccessfullyinteractwithhumans,whichiswhytheHuman-InteractiveRobotResearchdecidedtodeveloparoboticnursethatlookslikeahugeteddybear.RIBA,alsoknownas“Robear,”canhelppatientsintoandoutofwheelchairsandbedswithitsstrongarms.OnthelesscuteandmorescarysidethereisActroidF,whichhassuchresilientskinandnaturalhaircolorthatsomepatientsmaynotknowthedifference.Thisconversationalrobotcompanionhascamerasinitseyes,whichallowittotrackpatientsanduseappropriatefacialexpressionsandbodylanguageinitsinteractions.It’simportanttonotethatroboticnursesdon’tdecidecoursesoftreatmentormakediagnoses.Instead,theyperformroutineandlaborioustasks,freeingnursesuptoattendtopatientswithimmediateneeds.Thisisoneindustrywhereitseemstheintegrationofrobotswillleadtocooperation,notreplacement.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartinparagraph2mean?A.Takethelead. B.Reachthestandard.C.Setarecord. D.Missaturn.29.Telepresencerobotsmayservetheirrightpurposesinhospitalwhen______.A.theycollectmedicalrecordsforpatientsB.theydeliverfoodtoclinicaldoctorsC.theymovethemobility-disabledpatientsD.theyassistdoctorswithlong-distancediagnoses30.WhatisthedistinctiveattractionofActroidF?A.Itsscaryarmstrength. B.Itsadorableappearance.C.Itshuman-likevoice. D.Itsproperinteractiveresponse.31.Whatisthesuitabletitleforthepassage?A.Robots—thefuturereplacementofnursesB.Robots—theearth-shakingreforminhospitalsC.Robots—agoodsupplementtonursesD.Robots—anewwaytotreatpatients【答案】28.A29.D30.D31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在未來，由于護(hù)士短缺，機(jī)器人將成為醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的趨勢，日本已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了多款功能各異的醫(yī)療機(jī)器人，機(jī)器人將主要用于完成一些日常的重復(fù)性工作，從而減輕護(hù)士的負(fù)擔(dān)，向患者提供更好的服務(wù)?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“AfterCOVID-19,theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatwhilethenumberofnurseshasincreasedinthepastthreeyears,theU.S.stillexperiencesashortageofregisterednurses,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobs.Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.(在2019冠狀病毒病之后，美國勞工統(tǒng)計局預(yù)測，雖然護(hù)士人數(shù)在過去三年中有所增加，但美國仍然面臨注冊護(hù)士短缺的問題，將有超過100萬個護(hù)士職位空缺。那么解決方案是什么呢？)”及劃線詞組下文“ToyohashiUniversityofTechnologyhasdevelopedTerapio,aroboticmedicalcartthatcandelivermedicinesandotheritems.(日本豐橋工業(yè)大學(xué)開發(fā)了一款機(jī)器人醫(yī)療車Terapio，可以運送藥品和其他物品)”可知，在使用機(jī)器人補充護(hù)士短缺問題上，日本走在了前面。由此可知，劃線詞組aheadofthecurve與A選項“Takingthelead(領(lǐng)先)”同義。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“TelepresencerobotssuchasMantaroBot,Vgo,andGiraffcanbecontrolledthroughacomputer,smartphone,ortablet,allowingfamilymembersordoctorstoremotelymonitorpatientsorSkype(網(wǎng)絡(luò)電話)them.(像MantaroBot，Vgo和Giraff這樣的遠(yuǎn)程呈現(xiàn)機(jī)器人可以通過電腦、智能手機(jī)或平板電腦進(jìn)行控制，允許家庭成員或醫(yī)生遠(yuǎn)程檢查患者)”可推知，遠(yuǎn)程呈現(xiàn)機(jī)器人在醫(yī)院協(xié)助醫(yī)生進(jìn)行遠(yuǎn)程診斷時，可能會達(dá)到正確的目的。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thisconversationalrobotcompanionhascamerasinitseyes,whichallowittotrackpatientsanduseappropriatefacialexpressionsandbodylanguageinitsinteractions.(這個會說話的機(jī)器人伴侶的眼睛里有攝像頭，可以跟蹤病人，并在互動中使用適當(dāng)?shù)拿娌勘砬楹椭w語言)”可推知，AndroidF的特別吸引人之處在于其適當(dāng)?shù)幕臃磻?yīng)。故選D?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“AfterCOVID-19,theBureauofLaborStatisticspredictsthatwhilethenumberofnurseshasincreasedinthepastthreeyears,theU.S.stillexperiencesashortageofregisterednurses,andthattherewillbeoveronemillionunfillednursingjobs.Sowhat’sthesolution?Robots.(在2019冠狀病毒病之后，美國勞工統(tǒng)計局預(yù)測，雖然護(hù)士人數(shù)在過去三年中有所增加，但美國仍然面臨注冊護(hù)士短缺的問題，將有超過100萬個護(hù)士職位空缺。那么解決方案是什么呢？)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要講述的是文章介紹了在未來，由于護(hù)士短缺，機(jī)器人將成為醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的趨勢，日本已經(jīng)開發(fā)出了多款功能各異的醫(yī)療機(jī)器人，包括可以進(jìn)行巡邏的Terapio、可以幫助病人的Robear和外表逼真的會交流的機(jī)器人ActroidF等。機(jī)器人將主要用于完成一些日常的重復(fù)性工作，從而減輕護(hù)士的負(fù)擔(dān)，向患者提供更好的服務(wù)。由此可知，C選項“Robots—agoodsupplementtonurses(機(jī)器人——護(hù)士的良好補充)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合文章標(biāo)題。故選C。浙江省教改共同體2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月聯(lián)考CForyears,communitiesaroundKenya’sTsavoNationalParkhavebeentroubledbyelephantsstraying(走失)intotheirfarmsandhomes.Residentsarecaughtunawareswheneverthehugecreaturesturnupintheirvillages,hurtingpeopleanddestroyingthings.FourKenyanteens,SandraLukindo,JoyceMoto,NancyWairimuandMacrinaAntonia,cameupwithasolar-poweredsensorkittoalert(使戒備)theauthoritiestostrayelephants.ThesefouryoungsterswontheStartupAfricaCompetitionandarenowtakingthegloba