專題09 閱讀理解長難句及C篇考點專練（解析版） -【高頻考點解密】2024年高考英語二輪復習高頻考點追蹤與檢測（上海專用）

專題驗收評價專題09閱讀理解長難句及C篇考點專項練內容概覽A·?？碱}不丟分B·拓展培優(yōu)拿高分C·挑戰(zhàn)真題爭滿分【長難句考例分析】【考例1】WhywasGarzasmoveasuccess？A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.D.Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.主要答題依據：Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.分析：本句主干是一個主謂+復合賓語的簡單句，隨后帶了一個V-ing形式作原因狀語（其邏輯主語是themove），這個原因狀語中又包含一個隱含虛擬語氣的定語從句。題干與本句的主干意義一致，所以本題主要考查對原因狀語的理解。結合虛擬語氣的用法可知，原因狀語意思是說，搬到一起后，他們之間的關系更親密了。如果他們不曾搬家，而是住在各自的城市里，他們之間的關系就不會比現在更親密。故本題選A?！究祭?】WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s？A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D.Theyhadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparents.主要答題依據：“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughorfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown，”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofGrand,amagazineforgrandparents.分析：本題主要考查對引號中句子的理解。這個句子的結構并不復雜，第一個分句是主系表結構；第二個分句是省略了主語的主謂賓結構，其后再加far和fast及動詞不定式作狀語。本句難就難在考查了一個特殊的語法結構“cant/couldn’t...enough...”表示“越……越好”，所以引號中句子的意思是“在20世紀60年代我們都有一點瘋狂，為了證明我們可以獨立，我們認為離家越遠越好，越快越好。”故本題選C。【考例3】Whatmadetheauthorsgettingupearlyworthwhile？A.Havingaswim.B.Breathinginfreshair.C.Walkinginthemorningsun.D.Visitingalocalfarmersmarket.主要答題依據：Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsets（atnormaleveninghours，not4intheafternoon）filledtheweekend，butthebestpart—particularlytomytaste，dulledbymonthsofcold-weatherrootvegetables—wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmersmarketthatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall.分析：這個句子是一個長句，但本句其實就是一個由but連接的轉折并列句。第一個分句是一個主謂賓簡單句“Swimmingpools，winetasting，andpinksunsetsfilledtheweekend”；第二個分句是個主系表簡單句“thebestpartwasa7a.m.adventure”。第一個分句的主語后加了插入語對pinksunsets補充說明；第二個分句的主謂之間也用破折號加入了插入語，表語“a7a.m.adventure”后帶了介詞短語作定語和分隔式定語從句。定語從句“thatprovedtobemorethanworththeearlywake-upcall”中的that指代adventure，再根據adventure后的定語可知，這次冒險是指早起去Sarasota當地的農貿市場，因此本題答案選D?！究祭?】Whatwastheauthorgoingtodothatevening？A.Gotoafarm.B.Checkintoahotel.C.Eatinarestaurant.D.Buyfreshvegetables.主要答題依據：DelightedasIwasbythetomatoesinsight,myhappinessdeepenedwhenIlearnedthatBrownsGroveFarmisoneofthesuppliersforJackDusty,anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton,where—luckilyforme—Iwasplanningtohavedinnerthatverynight.分析：本句是一個復雜的主從復合句。主句為主謂結構的簡單句“myhappinessdeepened”，其前面是一個as引導的倒裝結構的讓步狀語從句，其后是when引導的時間狀語從句，這個時間狀語從句中又包含一個that引導的主系表結構的賓語從句，這個賓語從句中有一個介詞短語forJackDusty作狀語，其后接“anewlyopenedrestaurantattheSarasotaRitzCarlton”作JackDusty的同位語，補充說明JackDusty是一家新開的餐館，然后再由where引導非限制性定語從句補充說明我打算要在那天晚上在JackDusty這家新開的餐館里吃飯，故答案選C。【考例5】Inthe18thandearly19thcenturies,passengerpigeons_______.A.werethebiggestbirdintheworldB.livedmainlyinthesouthofAmericaC.didgreatharmtothenaturalenvironmentD.werethelargestbirdpopulationintheUS主要答題依據：Itwascalculatedthatwhenitspopulationreacheditshighestpoint，thereweremorethan3billionpassengerpigeons—anumberequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates,makingitperhapsthemostabundantbirdintheworld.分析：本句是一個由that引導的主語從句的復合句。that引導的主語從句中包含一個由when引導的時間狀語從句的復合句，這個復合句的主句是therebe句型，其主語“morethan3billionpassengerpigeons”后由破折號引出同位語anumber，然后再接定語從句“whichisequalto24to40percentofthetotalbirdpopulationintheUnitedStates”的省略形式（省略了whichis）作anumber的后置定語，最后這個therebe句型后又跟了一個V-ing形式的結果狀語。根據這個句子的意思及仔細比較四個選項,可知本題選D?！究祭?】WhatistheauthorsattitudetowardstheexpertsmentionedinParagraph3？A.Tolerant.B.Doubtful.C.Respectful.D.Supportive.主要答題依據：Thisupsetsmetonoendbecausewhilealltheexpertsarebusydebatingaboutwhichoptionisbest，thepeoplewhowanttoimprovetheirlivesareleftconfusedbyalloftheconflictinginformation.分析：本句是一個包含because原因狀語從句的復合句。because原因狀語從句是一個包含while引導的時間狀語從句的復合句，這個復合句的主句主語和謂語之間插入了who引導的定語從句，主句的謂語使用的是leavesb/sthadj.（使……處于某種狀態(tài)）的被動語態(tài)。本句可翻譯為：當所有的專家忙于爭辯哪個是最好的選擇時，那些想要改善自己生活的人依然被諸多相互矛盾的信息困擾著，這讓我感到無限沮喪。因此作者對專家們的態(tài)度是懷疑的，故本題選B。1.【上海市曹楊第二中學2024屆高三上學期9月英語模擬卷】Ofallthejournalismspecialties,sciencewritingmaywellbethemostchallenging.Sciencewriterscoverfieldsundergoingsomeofthemostrapidadvancesinhistory,fromstunningadvancesingeneticsandbiotechnologytoexoticdiscoveriesinastrophysics.Asciencewriter’sweekmayincludecoverageofnewdiscoveriesaboutviruses,thebrain,evolution,artificialintelligence,planetsaroundothersuns,andglobalclimatechangeanditsenvironmentalimpact,tonameonlyafewtopics.Writinganythingthat’sanygoodishardwork,butsciencewriterslabortinderaparticular,andratherpeculiar,setofconstraints.Scienceisnew—onlyabout400yearsold,asagoingconcern—andprodigious,havingtransformedourconceptionoftheuniverseandofourplaceinit.Butpreciselybecauseitsimpacthasbeensorapidandsomonumental,sciencehasnotyetbeenabsorbedintoourcommonconsciousness.Readerscometotheprintedpagealreadyknowingsomethingaboutcrimeandpunishment,loveandloss,triumphandtragedy—butnot,necessarily,abouttherolesplayedbytheoryandobservationinidentifyingavirusortracingthecurvatureofintergalacticspace.Hencesciencewritershavetokeepexplainingthings,fromthesignificanceofscientificfactstothemethodsbywhichtheyareadduced,whilesimultaneouslyholdingthereaders’attentionandmovingthestoryalong.It’sasifbusinessreportershadtoconstantlyexplainwhatismeantby“turningaprofit”,orsportswritersby“scoringatouchdown”.Unsurprisingly,wesciencewritersareoftenmisunderstood.Peopletendtoassumethatwewritecomputersoftwaremanualsorthosebuckram-boundengineeringtextbooksassignedtostudentsintechnicalstudies.Fellowauthorsdismissusastranslators.Editorsmaythinkusnarrow.Aquarter-centuryago,whenIwasstrugglingtomoveawayfromwritingaboutpoliticsandrockmusicinordertoconcentrateonastronomy,theeditorofamajormagazinepressedmetodoanarticle,called“TheBionicMan”,onartificialbodyparts.WhenIdeclined,hebecameimpatient.“Well,whatdoyouwanttowriteabout?”heasked,throwinguphishands,likeamotoristcutoffintraffic.“Astronomy,”Ireplied.“You’vealreadywrittenaboutastronomy!”“Yes,butIlikeit.Itwasmyoriginalinterestinlife.”“Aren’tyouafraidofbecomingsomesortofJohnnyOneNote?”“Well,notreally.Youknow,what’soutthereissomethinglikeninety-nine,thenadecimalpoint,thentwenty-eightmoreninespercentofeverything.Coveringnearlyeverythingdoesn’tseemallthatlimiting.Anditleadstolotsofotherthings.”I’vebeenonthewrongsideofargumentswitheditorsmoreoftenthanitiscomfortabletorecall,butonthisoccasionIturnedouttohavebeenright.Astronomydidleadtoeverythingelse.Itledmeintoothersciencesofcourse—amongthemphysics,chemistry,andbiology—andalso,bymanywindingpaths,topoetry,literature,history,philosophy,art,music,andintoconversationwithsomeofthesmartestandmostcreativepeopleintheworld.43.Accordingtothewriter,whatisthemaindifficultyfacingsciencewriters?A.Findingnewsciencetopics.B.Meetingthereader’sexpectationsofscience.C.Overcomingthereader'sunfamiliaritywithscience.D.Keepingupwiththerapiddevelopmentsinscience.44.WhydidthewriterrefusetowriteaboutTheBionicMan?A.Hehadnoexpertiseinthetopic.B.Hewasnotpassionateaboutthetopic.C.Hedidnotrealizethepotentialofthetopic.D.Hedidnotwanttowriteaboutthesametopicagain.45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthewriterisNOTtrue?A.Hefindsitdifficulttogetrecognitionfromothersasasciencewriter.B.Hefeelsquitecomfortablewiththepreviousargumentshehadwitheditors.C.Akeeninterestinastronomycontributestohisexplorationofotherdisciplines.D.Astronomyhelpshimformaconnectionwithsomegreatmindsintheworld.46.Whichwordbestdescribesthetoneofthelastparagraph?A.indifference B.amusement C.frustration D.satisfaction【答案】43.C44.B45.B46.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了科學寫作的挑戰(zhàn)性，科技作家面臨的困難并以自己切實經歷為例。【43題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段“Readerscometotheprintedpagealreadyknowingsomethingaboutcrimeandpunishment,loveandloss,triumphandtragedy—butnot,necessarily,abouttherolesplayedbytheoryandobservationinidentifyingavirusortracingthecurvatureofintergalacticspace.Hencesciencewritershavetokeepexplainingthings,fromthesignificanceofscientificfactstothemethodsbywhichtheyareadduced,whilesimultaneouslyholdingthereaders’attentionandmovingthestoryalong.（讀者在閱讀印刷版時，已經對犯罪與懲罰、愛與失去、勝利與悲劇有所了解，但未必了解理論和觀察在識別病毒或追蹤星系間空間曲率方面所起的作用。因此，科學作家必須不斷地解釋事情，從科學事實的意義到它們被引見的方法，同時抓住讀者的注意力，推動故事的發(fā)展。）”可知，作者認為，科技作家面臨的主要困難是克服讀者對科學的不熟悉。故選C。【44題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第三段“Aquarter-centuryago,whenIwasstrugglingtomoveawayfromwritingaboutpoliticsandrockmusicinordertoconcentrateonastronomy,theeditorofamajormagazinepressedmetodoanarticle,called“TheBionicMan”,onartificialbodyparts.(25年前，當我努力擺脫政治和搖滾音樂的寫作，轉而專注于天文學時，一家主流雜志的編輯強迫我寫一篇關于人造身體部位的文章，名為《仿生人》。)”和倒數第四段“Yes,butIlikeit.Itwasmyoriginalinterestinlife.（是的，但我喜歡它。這是我對生活最初的興趣。）”可推斷，作者熱愛天文學而對人造身體部位的文章不感興趣。故選B?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段“I’vebeenonthewrongsideofargumentswitheditorsmoreoftenthanitiscomfortabletorecall（在與編輯的爭論中，我常常站在錯誤的一邊，回想起來都不舒服）”可知，作者對之前和編輯們的爭論感到很不舒服，所以B選擇項表述是錯誤的。故選B?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段“Itledmeintoothersciencesofcourse—amongthemphysics,chemistry,andbiology—andalso,bymanywindingpaths,topoetry,literature,history,philosophy,art,music,andintoconversationwithsomeofthesmartestandmostcreativepeopleintheworld.（它引導我進入了其他的科學領域，包括物理、化學和生物，也通過許多曲折的途徑，進入了詩歌、文學、歷史、哲學、藝術、音樂，并與世界上一些最聰明、最有創(chuàng)造力的人進行了交談。）”可知，作者這次堅定自己的愛好立場給他帶來了廣闊的視野，是非常正確的決定，從而推斷作者對自己的決定感到滿意。故選D。2.【上海市建平中學2024屆高三上學期9月考試英語試題】Metaphorisformostpeopleadeviceofthepoeticimaginationandtherhetoricalflourish-amatterofextraordinaryratherthanordinarylanguage.Moreover,metaphoristypicallyviewedascharacteristicoflanguagealone,amatterofwordsratherthanthoughtoraction.Forthisreason,mostpeoplethinktheycangetalongperfectlywellwithoutmetaphor.Wehavefound,onthecontrary,thatmetaphorispervasiveineverydaylife,notjustinlanguagebutinthoughtandactionaswell.Ourordinaryconceptualsystem,intermsofwhichweboththinkandact,isfundamentallymetaphoricalinnature.Theconceptsthatgovernourthoughtarenotjustmattersoftheintellect.Theyalsogovernoureverydayfunctioning,downtothemostordinarydetails.Ourconceptsstructurewhatweperceive,howwegetaroundintheworld,andhowwerelatetootherpeople.Ourconceptualsystemthusplaysacentralroleindefiningoureverydayrealities.Ifwearerightinsuggestingthatourconceptualsystemislargelymetaphorical,thenthewaywethink,whatweexperience,andwhatwedoeverydayisverymuchamatterofmetaphor.Butourconceptualsystemisnotsomethingwearenormallyawareof.Inmostofthelittlethingswedoeveryday,wesimplythinkandactmoreorlessautomaticallyalongcertainlines.Justwhattheselinesareisbynomeansobvious.Onewaytofindoutisbylookingatlanguage.Sincecommunicationisbasedonthesameconceptualsystemthatweuseinthinkingandacting,languageisanimportantsourceofevidenceforwhatthatsystemislike.Togivesomeideaofwhatitcouldmeanforaconcepttobemetaphoricalandforsuchaconcepttostructureaneverydayactivity,letusstartwiththeconceptARGUMENTandtheconceptualmetaphorARGUMENTISWAR.Thismetaphorisreflectedinoureverydaylanguagebyawidevarietyofexpressions:ARGUMENTISWAR.Yourclaimsareindefensible.Heattackedeveryweakpointinmyargument.Hiscriticismswererightontarget.Idemolishedhisargument.I'veneverwonanargumentwithhim.Youdisagree?Okay,shoot?!Ifyouusethestrategy,he’llwipeyouout.Heshotdownallofmyarguments.Itisimportanttoseethatwedon'tjusttalkaboutargumentsintermsofwar.Wecanactuallywinorlosearguments.Weseethepersonwearearguingwithasanopponent.Weattackhispositionsanddefendourown.Wegainandloseground.Weplanandusestrategies.Ifwefindapositionindefensible,wecanabandonitandtakeanewlineofattack.Manyofthethingswedoinarguingarepartiallystructuredbytheconceptofwar.Thoughthereisnophysicalbattle,thereisaverbalbattle,andthestructureofanargument-attack,defense,counterattack,etc.-reflectsthis.ItisinthissensethattheARGUMENTISWARmetaphorisonethatwelivebyinthisculture;itstructurestheactionsweperforminarguing.43.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.Metaphorisprimarilyaliterarytoolthatpolishesourthoughtsandexpressions.B.Theactionsinvolvedinargumentisunderstoodintermsofwarconceptually.C.People'sactionisgenerallymoredependentonmetaphorthanonconcept.D.Theconceptofargumentexistsonthepreconditionthatthereiswar.44.Accordingtoparagraph3,whatistherelationshipbetweenlanguageandourconceptualsystem?A.Languageandtheconceptualsystemarestructuredseparatelyandautomatically.B.Theconceptualsystemremainsinaccessibledespitetherevelationoflanguage.C.Theconceptualsystemprovidesvariousdefinitionsforourlanguage.D.Languageprovidescluestowhatconstitutestheconceptualsystem.45.Theunderlinedword“demolished”isclosetinmeaningto“________”.A.defeated B.dismissed C.justified D.favored46.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Warisnon-verbalargument. B.Ourcommunicationismetaphorical.C.Conceptsareinternallyconstructed. D.Fewpeoplespeakinmetaphoricallanguage.【答案】43.B44.D45.A46.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了什么是隱喻及其在日常生活中的體現和應用?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第四段“Togivesomeideaofwhatitcouldmeanforaconcepttobemetaphoricalandforsuchaconcepttostructureaneverydayactivity,letusstartwiththeconceptARGUMENTandtheconceptualmetaphorARGUMENTISWAR.Thismetaphorisreflectedinoureverydaylanguagebyawidevarietyofexpressions:ARGUMENTISWAR.(為了讓大家了解一個概念的隱喻性以及這個概念如何組織日?；顒?，讓我們從概念論證和概念隱喻論證即戰(zhàn)爭開始。這個比喻反映在我們的日常語言中，有各種各樣的表達：爭論就是戰(zhàn)爭)”可知，B選項“論辯中涉及的行動在概念上被理解為戰(zhàn)爭”的說法作者最可能同意。故選B?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Butourconceptualsystemisnotsomethingwearenormallyawareof.Inmostofthelittlethingswedoeveryday,wesimplythinkandactmoreorlessautomaticallyalongcertainlines.Justwhattheselinesareisbynomeansobvious.Onewaytofindoutisbylookingatlanguage.Sincecommunicationisbasedonthesameconceptualsystemthatweuseinthinkingandacting,languageisanimportantsourceofevidenceforwhatthatsystemislike.(但是我們的概念系統(tǒng)不是我們通常意識到的東西。在我們每天做的大多數小事情中，我們只是簡單地或多或少地按照某些特定的思路思考和行動。這些線條到底是什么并不明顯。其中一個方法就是觀察語言。由于交流是基于我們在思考和行動中使用的相同的概念系統(tǒng)，語言是證明這個系統(tǒng)是什么樣的重要證據來源)”可知，語言和我們的概念系統(tǒng)之間的關系是語言提供了構成概念系統(tǒng)的線索。故選D。【45題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Yourclaimsareindefensible.”以及后文“hisargument”可知，你的主張是站不住腳的，所以“我”擊敗了他的論點。故畫線詞意思是“擊敗”。A.defeated擊敗，破壞；B.dismissed解散；C.justified調整；D.favored支持。故選A。【46題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第一段中“Wehavefound,onthecontrary,thatmetaphorispervasiveineverydaylife,notjustinlanguagebutinthoughtandactionaswell.(相反，我們發(fā)現隱喻在日常生活中無處不在，不僅存在于語言中，也存在于思想和行動中)”可推知，我們的交流是隱喻性的。故選B。3.【上海市復興高級中學2024屆高三上九月考試】Inhis1975novelChangingPlaces,BritishnovelistDavidLodgedescribedthelifestyleoftwoliteratureprofessorswhocrosstheplanetrepeatedly,tradingarainyEnglishcampusforasunnyCaliforniauniversity,andviceversa.Alongtheway,manyotherthingsareexchangedaswell,includingaffairsoftheheart.Whilescholarsworkingtodaydon'tenjoythesamebenefits—luxuryhotelsandbusiness-classflightsinparticular—theymightrecognizethattheystillliveinLodge'ssmallworld.Sincethemid-l970s,transportationandcommunicationadvanceshavemadetheplanetsteadilysmallerandthenumberofinternationalstudentshasrisensharplyinturn.InLodge'snovels,universitiesseemedchangeless,whitefourdecadeslatertheyarefullyengagedininternationalization.InthepostColdWarera,academicrelationshipsarebecomingricherandmorecomplex.StudentsintheGlobalSouth,eagertoparticipateintheknowledgeeconomyandreceivesomeofitsbenefits,aredrivingmuchoftheincreaseddemandforeducationatalllevels.Thatfutureprofitsandsolutionstopressingglobalproblemsaretobefoundinadvancedresearchmakesinternationalcooperationessential.Asarecentreportshows,internationalizationisastrategicpriorityformanyuniversitiesandthey'reworkingtoputthemselvesontheworldmap.Whencompetingfornewlands,however,familiarrulesnolongerapplyandnewguidelinesmustbeestablishedtoincreasethechanceofprofits,oratleastminimizepotentiallosses.Theinternationalizationofuniversitiesraisesanoldproblem:theabilitytoconnecttoglobaldevelopmentwithoutlosingdiversity.Someaspectsofglobalscience,suchasNobelprizes,tendtopromotea“winner-takes-all'system.Highereducationinstitutionsshouldtakeacriticaldistancefromthistendencyandembracetheirdiversity—thereismorethanoneTreasureIslandforscience.Internationalizationisnotaboutgoingtoplacessimilartoourowncountryorinstitution.Instead,studentsandscholarscanfindstimulatingenvironmentsandacademicconditionsthatcanchallengewhattheytakeforgranted.Wegenerallyassumethathighereducationandinnovationgohandinhand,butwedonotknowhowinnovationcomesabout.Theonlyreasonableassumptionisthatithappensindifficultconditions,whenwehavetoovercomeaproblem.That'swhyit'simportanttoputstudentsandscholarsinchallengingdiversesituationsandhelpthemlearndifferentwaysofthinking.Frommypointofview,enhancingaccessandpromotingdiversityshouldbethecompassofallinternationalizationstrategies.So,theshiphasstarted,andlet'ssail.43.ThepurposeofmentioningthenovelbyDavidLodgeisto________.A.showhowthingsarechangedinternationallyB.criticizethelifestyleoftwoliteratureprofessorsC.convincethereadersthatuniversitiesarechangelessD.introducethetopicofinternationalizationofuniversities44.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Universitieshavetosetupnewrulestocopewiththecompetition.B.Alltheuniversitiesareworkinghardtoattractmoreinternationalstudents.C.Internationalstudentsmakeacademicrelationshipofuniversitiesmorecomplex.D.Thereasonsforinternationalcooperationofuniversitiesareprofitsandcompetition.45.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentence"thereismorethanoneTreasureIslandforscience"inParagraph5mean?A.GlobalizedHighereducationshoulddevelopmoretreasureswithscience.B.InternationalizedHighereducationisexpectedofwinningmoreNobelPrizes.C.GlobalizedHighereducationshouldbediverse.D.Internationalizationofuniversitiesshouldchallengescholarsmore.46.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.Innovation—thebestsolutiontoglobalizationB.InnovationandcooperationcometoushandinhandC.InternationalcooperationofuniversitiesbecomesmoreessentialD.Globalizedhighereducation—there'smorethanonewaytoexcellence【答案】43.D44.A45.C46.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了如今大學正在步入國際化，最近的一份報告顯示，國際化是許多大學的戰(zhàn)略重點，他們正在努力讓自己在世界地圖上。但國際化也存在一些問題，文章對此進行了說明，作者認為加強準入和促進多樣性應該是所有國際化戰(zhàn)略的指南針?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第二段中“InLodge'snovels,universitiesseemedchangeless,whitefourdecadeslatertheyarefullyengagedininternationalization.(在洛奇的小說中，大學似乎是一成不變的，40年后，它們完全投身于國際化)”可推知，之所以提到大衛(wèi)·洛奇的小說，是為了引入大學國際化的話題。故選D。【44題詳解】推理判斷題。根據第四段中“Whencompetingfornewlands,however,familiarrulesnolongerapplyandnewguidelinesmustbeestablishedtoincreasethechanceofprofits,oratleastminimizepotentiallosses.(然而，當競爭新的領域時，熟悉的規(guī)則不再適用，必須建立新的指導方針，以增加利潤的機會，或至少減少潛在的損失)”可推知，大學必須制定新的規(guī)則來應對競爭。故選A?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據畫線詞上文“Highereducationinstitutionsshouldtakeacriticaldistancefromthistendencyandembracetheirdiversity”可知，高等教育機構應該與這種趨勢保持關鍵距離，擁抱多樣性，故擁抱多樣性指的是讓高等教育更加多元化。畫線句意思是“高等教育應該多元化”。故選C?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據第二段“Whilescholarsworkingtodaydon'tenjoythesamebenefits—luxuryhotelsandbusiness-classflightsinparticular—theymightrecognizethattheystillliveinLodge'ssmallworld.Sincethemid-l970s,transportationandcommunicationadvanceshavemadetheplanetsteadilysmallerandthenumberofinternationalstudentshasrisensharplyinturn.InLodge'snovels,universitiesseemedchangeless,whitefourdecadeslatertheyarefullyengagedininternationalization.(雖然今天工作的學者不能享受同樣的福利——尤其是豪華酒店和商務艙航班——但他們可能會意識到，他們仍然生活在洛奇的小世界里。自20世紀70年代中期以來，交通和通訊技術的進步使地球不斷縮小，而國際學生的數量反過來急劇上升。在洛奇的小說中，大學似乎是一成不變的，40年后，它們完全投身于國際化)”結合文章主要說明了如今大學正在步入國際化，最近的一份報告顯示，國際化是許多大學的戰(zhàn)略重點，他們正在努力讓自己在世界地圖上。但國際化也存在一些問題，文章對此進行了說明，作者認為加強準入和促進多樣性應該是所有國際化戰(zhàn)略的指南針。可知，這篇文章主要講了全球化的高等教育——通往卓越的道路不止一條。故選D。4.【上海市實驗學校2024屆高三上學期10月摸底考試】Earlydecision-youapplytooneschool，andadmissionisbinding--seemslikeagreatchoicefornervousapplicants，Schoolsletinahigherpercentageofearly-decisionapplicants,whicharguablymeansthatyouhaveabetterchanceofgettingin.Andifyoudo，you'redonewiththewholeprocessbyDecember.Butwhatmoststudentsandparentsdon'trealizeisthatschoolshavehiddenmotivesforofferingearlydecision.Earlydecision，sinceit'sbinding，allowsschoolstofilltheirclasseswithqualifiedstudents；itallowsadmissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.Italsogivesschoolsahigheryieldrate，whichisoftenusedasoneofthewaystomeasurecollegeselectivityandpopularity.Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.Underregularadmissions，seniorshaveuntilMay1tochoosewhichschooltoattend；earlydecisioneffectivelystealssixmonthsfromthem，monthsthatcouldbeusedtovisitmoreschools，domoreresearch，speaktocurrentstudentsandalumniandarguablymakeamoreinformeddecision.Thereare，frankly，anastonishingnumberofexceptionalcollegesinAmerica，andforanygivenstudent，thereareanumberofschoolsthatareagreatfit.Whenstudentsbecometoofixated（專注）onaparticularschoolearlyintheadmissionsprocess，thatfixationcanleadtoseveredisappointmentiftheydon'tgetinor，iftheydo，thepossibilitythattheyarenowboundtogotoaschoolthat，giventimeforfurtherreflection，maynotactuallyberightforthem.Earlydecisionoffersagenuineadmissionsedge，butthatadvantagegoeslargelytostudentswhoalreadyhavenumerousadvantages.Thestudentswhouseearlydecisiontendtobethosewhohavereceivedhigher-qualitycollegeguidance，usuallyaresultofcomingfromamoreprivilegedbackground.Inthisregard，there'sanargumentagainstearlydecision，asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoften-confusingearlydeadlines.Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere'soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould，underthecurrentsystem，probablyapplyunderearlydecision.Butforstudentswhohaven'tyetdoneenoughresearch，orwhoarestillconstantlychangingtheirmindsonfavoriteschools，theearlydecisionsystemneedlesslyandprematurelynarrowsthefieldofpossibilityjustatatimewhenstudentsshouldbeopeningthemselvestoawholerangeofthrillingoptions.43.Whatarestudentsobligedtodounderearlydecision？A.Consultthecurrentstudentsandalumni. B.Thinktwicebeforetheyaccepttheoffer.C.Attendtheschooloncetheyareadmitted. D.Lookintoalotofschoolsbeforetheyapply.44.Whatissaidtobetheproblemwithearlydecisionforstudents？A.Itplacestoohighademandontheirresearchability.B.Itmakestheirapplicationprocessmorecomplicated.C.Itexertsmuchmorepsychologicalpressureonthem.D.Itallowsthemlittletimetomakeinformeddecisions.45.Whyaresomepeopleopposedtoearlydecision？A.Itisbiasedagainststudentsatordinaryhighschools.B.Itinterfereswithstudents'learninginhighschool.C.Itcausesunnecessaryconfusionamongcollegeapplicants.D.Itplacesstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesatadisadvantage.46.Whatdoestheauthoradvisecollegeapplicantstodo？A.Lookbeyondthefewsupposedlythrillingoptions.B.Findsufficientinformationabouttheirfavoriteschools.C.Avoidchoosingearlydecisionunlesstheyarefullprepared.D.Refrainfromcompetingwithstudentsfromprivilegedfamilies.【答案】43.C44.D45.D46.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述的是過早決定被哪所大學錄取，一方面可以知道自己的未來學習環(huán)境，另一方面，學生的學習環(huán)境過早被限制了。【43題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第二段第二句話“itallowsadmissionscommitteestoselectthestudentsthatareinparticulardemandfortheircollegeandknowthosestudentswillcome.”（它允許招生委員會選擇對學校有特殊需求的學生，并知道這些學生會來。）可知，這些學生一旦被錄取，他們就會去上這所大學。故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據文章第三段第一句話“Theproblemisthatthisprocesseffectivelyshortensthewindowoftimestudentshavetomakeoneofthemostimportantdecisionsoftheirlivesuptothatpoint.”（問題在于，這一過程有效地縮短了學生在此之前必須做出一生中最重要決定的時間窗口。）可知，提前決定上哪所大學的問題是，學生們做選擇的時間是有限的。故選D。【45題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據第五段倒數第一句話“Inthisregard，there'sanargumentagainstearlydecision，asstudentsfromlower-incomefamiliesarefarlesslikelytohavetheadmissionsknow-howtonavigatetheoften-confusingearlydeadlines.”（在這方面，有一種觀點反對提前決定，因為來自低收入家庭的學生不太可能掌握入學訣竅來應對經常令人困惑的提前截止日期。）可知，對于低收入家庭的學生來說，他們會對提前截止日期有所困惑，會對他們不利。故選D?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據最后一段第一句話“Studentswhohavedonetheirresearchandareconfidentthatthere'soneschooltheywouldbethrilledtogetintoshould，underthecurrentsystem，probablyapplyunderearlydecision.”（在目前的體制下，那些已經完成研究并確信有一所學校會讓他們興奮不已的學生應該在提前決定的情況下申請。）以及后面的內容可知，那些做好充分研究的學生可以提前申請，而那些還沒有準備好的學生應該慎重提前選擇學校。故選C。（2022年1月上海春季高考）Conservationistsgotowaroverwhetherhumansarethemeasureofnature'svalue.NewConservationistsarguesuchtrade-offsarenecessaryinthishumandominatedepoch.Andtheysupport“re-wilding",aconceptoriginallyproposedbySoulewherepeoplecurtaileconomicgrowthandwithdrawfromlandscapes,whichthenreturntonature.NewConservationistsbelievethewithdrawalcouldhappentogetherw