語法填空高頻文體03- 說明文-八年（2016-2023）高考英語真題高頻話題文體分類解讀原卷版（全國通 用）

語法填空高頻文體04-說明文考題解讀考題解讀語法填空題是在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個(gè)空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容（1個(gè)單詞）或所提供單詞的正確形式（不多于3個(gè)單詞）。共有10個(gè)小題，分值15分。旨在考查考生在閱讀理解的基礎(chǔ)上對語法知識的掌握情況，著重考查考生的綜合語言運(yùn)用能力，體現(xiàn)了語言測試的交際性原則。其考查形式分為給出提示詞和不給出提示詞兩種。解題技巧解題技巧1.給出動詞原形當(dāng)設(shè)空處后面給出動詞原形時(shí)，設(shè)空處一般會考查動詞的常見時(shí)態(tài)、常見時(shí)態(tài)的被動語態(tài)或非謂語動詞。(1)考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定句中是否缺少謂語。如果缺少謂語動詞，則是考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)。Pahlssonandherhusband__62__(search)thekitchen,checkingeverycorner,butturnedupnothing.第二步：看主語與謂語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，以確定用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)，同時(shí)還要根據(jù)語境考慮用哪種時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)要注意主謂一致。Whenfatandsalt__64__(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.(2)考查非謂語動詞第一步：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語動詞時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮該空考查非謂語動詞。第二步：根據(jù)非謂語動詞在句中所作成分、句式的特殊要求，確定用非謂語動詞的哪種形式。第三步：確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系。Soonafter,Iwasonmywaytotheshow,__60__(carry)afancyblackhandbagandahappysmile.2．給出形容詞或副詞如果括號內(nèi)提供的是形容詞，一般是考查副詞，或考查比較等級。如果括號內(nèi)提供的是副詞，一般是考查比較等級。Ilooked__59__(quick)attheclock.Sixteenyears__60__(early),Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondringtocookameal.3．給出名詞當(dāng)括號內(nèi)提供的是名詞時(shí)，考慮是否需要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式或變成形容詞等。LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall__56__(carrot)andwasabouttothrowthemaway.4．給出代詞根據(jù)代詞充當(dāng)?shù)某煞诌M(jìn)行判斷。如果位于賓語或表語位置，一般應(yīng)該用賓格代詞、反身代詞或者名詞性物主代詞；如果作定語，常用形容詞性物主代詞?？傊_分析句子成分是解決此類題目的關(guān)鍵?！癝hethoughtIhadhurt__59__(I)，”saysPahlsson.5．詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞性轉(zhuǎn)換多以派生詞變化為主，如：形容詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，形容詞與動詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，動詞與名詞間的相互轉(zhuǎn)化等。第一步：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定要填的詞充當(dāng)哪種句子成分。比如，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子作狀語，用副詞；作主語或賓語，用名詞；在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后，用名詞。第二步：根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。Magically,thatshowremainstheGreatJason'sbest__65__(perform)tothisday.真題再現(xiàn)真題再現(xiàn)Passage1【2023年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappers,encasinghot,____36____(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.Thedumplingsarrivesteaminganddangerouslyhot.Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出),____38____toputthewholedumplinginyourmouth,lettingthehotsoupexplodeonyourtongue.Shanghaimaybethe____39____(recognize)homeofthesoupdumplingsbutfoodhistorianswillactuallypointyoutotheneighboringcanaltownofNanxiangasXiaolonghao’sbirthplace.Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently-moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressed____40____handratherthanrolled.Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasketwithoutallowingthemtearingorspillinganyof____42____(they)contents.Themeatshouldbefreshwith____43____touchofsweetnessandthesouphot,clearanddelicious.NomatterwhereIbuythem,onesteameris____44____(rare)enough,yettwoseemsgreedy,soIamalwaysleft_____45_____(want)morenexttime.Passage2【2023年全國乙卷】Beijingisacitybridgingtheancientandthemodern.FromBuddhisttemplestomuseums,narrowhutong____41____royalpalaces,itishometomorethan3,000yearsofglorioushistoryevendowntoitslayout,withthecitykeepingitscarefully____42____(build)systemofringroads.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____43____welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitectural____44____(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.Itisadistinctvisualcontrast(反差)thatshouldn’twork,____45____somehowthesetwoverydifferentworldsmakeagoodcombination.____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing.Asaphotographer,Ihavespentthelasttwoyears___48___(record)everythingIdiscovered.The____49____(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____50_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.Passage3【2023年全國甲卷】Forthousandsofyears,peoplehavetoldfables(寓言)___41___(teach)alessonortopassonwisdom.Fableswerepartoftheoraltraditionofmanyearlycultures,andthewell-knownAesop’sfablesdatetothe___42___(six)century,B.C.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,___43___RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow.”Carsonusesasimple,directstylecommontofable.Infact,herstyleandtone(口吻)areseeminglydirectedatchildren.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,___44___alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,___45___(borrow)somefamiliarwordsfrommanyage-oldfables.Behindthesimplestyle,however,isaseriousmessage___46___(intend)foreveryone.___47___(difference)fromtraditionalfables,Carson’sstoryendswithanaccusationinsteadofamoral.Shewarnsoftheenvironmentaldangersfacingsociety,andsheteachesthatpeoplemusttakeresponsibility___48___savingtheirenvironment.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Carson’sthemeisamoreweighty___49___(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.Carsonprovesthatasimpleliteralformthathasbeenpasseddownthroughtheagescanstill____50____(employ)todaytodrawattentiontoimportanttruths.Passage4【2023年北京卷】Mangroves,knownas“redforest”inChina,growbetweenlandandsea,characterisedbytheircomplexroots.When____14____(see)fromafar,themangroveforestsappearmoresplendid.Mangrovescanhelpsoftenwavesandprotect____15____(city)fromcoastalwinds.Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.Passage5【2023年北京卷】Ninahasrunmarathonsin32countries.Allofherrunshaveaguidingpurpose:tocallattention____17____globalwaterissues.Ninarecentlyfinishedheryear-longseriesofrunsinChicago,____18____thousandswereattendingawaterconference.Shecalledforaction____19____(address)thestrugglesofpeoplearoundtheworld____20____(face)“toolittlewaterortoodirtywater”.Hereffortshaveencouragedotherstotakepartbyrunningthroughaglobalcampaigncalled“RunBlue”.Passage6【2022年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupaGiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).___36___(cover)anareaaboutthreetimes___37___sizeofYellowstoneNationalPark,theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparksinthecountry.Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat___38___(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___39___(increase)effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP___40___(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,___41___leavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.TheGPNP’smaingoalistoimproveconnectivitybetweenseparate___42___(population)andhomesofgiantpandas,and___43___(eventual)achieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.Giantpandasalsoserve___44___anumbrellaspecies(物種),bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternandnorthwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies___45___livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.Passage7【2022年全國乙卷】May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficially___41___theUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.Tocelebrate___42___festival,anumberofeventstookplaceattheChineseBusinessmanMuseuminBeijingonThursday.ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety___43___(address)theopeningceremony.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthe___44___(large)tea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___45___(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.Itcanhelptobuildacommunitywitha___46___(share)futureformankind,”hesaid.The“FirstInternationalTeaDayTeaRoadCooperativeInitiative”issued(發(fā)布)attheceremonycallsforpeopleworkingintheteaindustrytocometogethertopromoteinternationalcooperation___47___culturalexchanges.Afour-yearteapromotion—TeaRoadCooperativePlan—wasalsoissuedinaccordancewiththeinitiative.___48___(strengthen)theconnectionwithyoungpeople,theeventincludedanumberofpublicpromotionalactivitiesonsocialmedia,___49___(invite)twenty-nineteaprofessionalsfromaroundtheworldtohavethirty-sixhoursofuninterruptedlivebroadcasts.TheChineseAncientTeaMuseumwasofficiallyunveiled(揭幕)attheceremony,opening____50____(it)firstexhibition:TheAvenueofTruth—ASpecialExhibitionofPu’erTea.Passage8【2022年北京卷】Whydohumansprefersomesmellsoverothers?Onetheory,increasingly____14____(support)byexperts,suggeststhatsmellpreferencesarelearned.It’seasytoexplainhowwedetermine____15____smellsaredangerousornot:welearn.Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgasleaks.Gasnaturally____16____(have)norecognisablesmell.However,astrongsmellisaddedsothatwecanraisethealarmwhenwedetectthesmellassociatedwithdanger.Passage9【2022年浙江卷6月】Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting___36___(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot___37___(do).JohnOlson,aformer___38___(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.Thetactile(可觸知的)paintingsworkasawaytoshowartto___39___blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustOureyes:Weseewithourbrains.Researchinthefieldofneuroplasticity-thebrain’sadaptability-showsthatthevisualcortex(大腦皮層)ismadeactivebytouch.Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir___40___(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof___41___(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.LucGandarias,who’snowthirteen,wentblindsuddenly___42___ageseven.Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he___43___(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.ForLuc,thismeans___44___(independent)."Thefeelingofbeingabletoseeit___45___toformmyopinionislikebreakingdownanotherwallasablindperson.”Passage10【2022年浙江卷1月】KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtlanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademics36arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane37（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.ButCobbandothers38（be）nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and39(change)theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis.OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,40(rough)200academics-manyofthemclimatescientists41(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.Cobb,forherparty,startedtoaskconferenceorganizerswhoinvitedhertospeak42shecoulddosoremotely;aboutthree-quartersof43time,theyagreed.Whentheanswer,wasno,she,declinedthe44(invite).ThatapproachbroughtCobb'sairtravellastyeardownby75%,andsheplans45(continue)thepractice."Ithasbeenfairlyrewarding.”，shesays,"areallypositivechange."Passage11【2022年浙江卷6月】Tounderstandapainting,we’retaughttolookforcolor,composition,andlight.Buthowcanapainting___36___(appreciate)bysomeonewho’sblind?Throughtouch,theonethinggallerysignstellyounot___37___(do).JohnOlson,aformer___38___(photograph)andhisteamturnpaintingsintofullytextured3Dmodels.Thetactile(可觸知的)paintingsworkasawaytoshowartto___39___blindbecausewedon’tseewithjustOureyes:Weseewithourbrains.Researchinthefieldofneuroplasticity-thebrain’sadaptability-showsthatthevisualcortex(大腦皮層)ismadeactivebytouch.Blindpeoplerecognizeshapeswiththeir___40___(exist)senses,inawaysimilartothatof___41___(sight)people,saysEllaStriem-Amit,aHarvardscientist.LucGandarias,who’snowthirteen,wentblindsuddenly___42___ageseven.Whenhefelta3DversionofLeonardodaVinci’s“MonaLisa”he___43___(notice)hersmilerightaway.”Icanactuallyfeelwhatyouseewhenyoulookatit,”hesaid.ForLuc,thismeans___44___(independent)."Thefeelingofbeingabletoseeit___45___toformmyopinionislikebreakingdownanotherwallasablindperson.”Passage12【2021年新高考全國Ⅰ卷】GoingtoMountHuangshanremindsmeofthepopularBeatles’song“TheLongandWindingRoad”.____56____issobreathtakingabouttheexperienceistheout-of-this-worldscenes.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywe____57____(human)are.Thehotspringatthefootofthemountainissomethingyoumusttryaftertheclimb.Itwill____58____(undoubted)helpyougetrefreshed!Theamazingthingaboutthespringisthatthecolderthetemperaturegets,the____59____(hot)thespring!Strange,isn’tit?Butthat’shownatureis—alwaysleavingus____60____(astonish).Whatcomesnextistheendlessseriesofsteps.Youcan’thelpwonderinghowhardit____61____(be)forthepeoplethentoputallthoserocksintoplace.Thoughitistheonlyunnaturalthingonyourwayupthemountain,stillithighlightsthewholeadventure____62____offersaplacewhereyoucansitdowntorestyour____63____(ache)legs.Asthesonggoes,thislongandwindingroad“willneverdisappear”,anditwillalwaysstickinthevisitor’smemory.Itsuredoesin____64____(I).Whileyou’reinChina,MountHuangshanis____65____musttovisit!Passage13【2021年全國乙卷】Ecotourismiscommonlyregardedaslowimpact(影響)traveltoundisturbedplaces.Itisdifferentfromtraditionaltourismbecauseitallowsthetravelertobecome___61___(educate)abouttheareas-bothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyforconservationandbenefitsthe___62___(develop)ofthelocalareas.Ecotourismhas___63___(it)originwiththeenvironmentalmovementofthe1970s.Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept___64___thelate1980s.Duringthattime,increasingenvironmentalawarenessmadeitdesirable.Dueto___65___growingpopularityofenvironmentally-relatedandadventuretravel,varioustypes___66___tripsarenowbeingclassifiedasecotourism.Actually,atrueeco-friendlytripmustmeetthefollowingprinciples:·Minimizetheimpactof___67___(visit)theplace.·Buildrespectforandawarenessoftheenvironmentandculturalpractices.·Provide___68___(finance)aidandotherbenefitsforlocalpeoples.·Makesurethatthetourismprovidesexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.KomodoNationalPark,officiallyrecognizedin1980,ispopularforecotourismbecauseofitsuniquebiodiversity.___69___(activity)thererangefromwhalewatchingtohiking(遠(yuǎn)足)andaccommodationsaim____70____(have)alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.Passage14【2021年北京卷】Whydowedream？Scientistsaren'tcompletelysure,andtheyhavediverse____11____(idea)．Dreamsmightbeasideeffectofmemorymaking.Whenyousleep,yourbrainsortsthrougheverything____12____happenedduringtheday，tryingtolinknewexperiencestooldmemories.Asit____13____(connect)things，yourbraintumsthemintoastory,andyougetadream．Passage15【2021年北京卷】Samisanin-real-lifestreamer（播主），andhelivestreamshimselfjustgoingabouthisday．Whileridinghisbikehome____14____acoldnight，hecameacrossasad-lookingelderlywomanwanderingthestreetsbyherself．Thepoorwomanwasn'tabletogivehimanyinformationabout____15____shelived．Samwalkedhertoanearbyconveniencestoresothatshecould____16____（safe）waitforthepolicetotakeherhome．Passage16【2021年北京卷】There____17____(be)adramaticriseinthenumberofextremeweathereventsoverthepast20years,____18____(cause)largelybyrisingglobaltemperatures,accordingtoanewreportfromtheUnitedNations.From2000to2019,therewere7,348majornaturaldisastersaroundtheworld,____19____(result)inUSD2,970billionineconomicloss．Muchofthisincreasecanbeduetoclimatechange.Thefindingsshowacriticalneed____20____(invest)indisasterprevention.Passage17【2021年浙江卷1月】Inastudyof33yearsoftrendsinBodyMassIndex(體重指數(shù))across200countries,thescientistsfoundthatpeopleworldwidearegettingheavier36．thatmostoftheriseisduetogainsinBMIinruralareas.BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool37．givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.Itiscalculatedbydividinga38．(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared.andaBMIofbetween19and2539．(consider)healthy.Thestudyfoundthatbetween1985and2017,averageruralBMIincreased40．2.1inwomenandmen.Incities,however,thegain41．(be)1.3inwomenand1.6inmen.Theresearchersdescribed“strikingchanges”inthegeographyofBMI.Tn1985，urbanmenandwomeninmorethanthreequartersofthecountries42．(study)hadhigherBMIsthanmenandwomeninruralareas.But30yearslater,theBMIdifferencebetweenurbanandruralpeopleinmanycountrieshadnarrowed43．(sharp).Thismaybeduetosomedisadvantagesforpeople44．(live)inthecountryside,including45．(low)levelsofincomeandeducation,highercostsofhealthyfoods,andfewersportsfacilities.Passage18【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅰ】Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測器)-thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61.(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis62.(extreme)challenging.Becausethemoon’sbodyblocksdirectradiocommunicationwithaprobe,Chinafirsthadtoputasatelliteinorbitabovethemooninaspot63.itcouldsendsignalstothespacecraftandtoEarth.Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticular64.(interesting)toscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters(環(huán)形山)，moreso65.thefamiliarnearside.ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-466.(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67.(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68.(construct)＂Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashow69.iceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether70.(it)plansforafuturelunar(月球的)basearepractical.Passage19【2020年新課標(biāo)Ⅱ】DeoratingwithPlants,FruitsandFlowersforChineseNewYearChineseNewYearisa61.(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.Thisiswhydecoratingwithplants,fruitsandflowers62.(carry)specialsignificance.Theyrepresenttheearth63.(come)backtolifeandbestwishesfornewbeginnings.Thesearesomeofthemostpopularinmanypartsofthecountry:Oranges:Orangetreesaremore64.decoration;theyareasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.Theymakegreatgifsandyouseethemmanytimes65.(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.Bamboo:Chineselovetheir“LuckyBamboo”plantsandyouwillseethemoftenintheirhomesandoffice.66.(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.Bambooplantsareassociated67.health,abundanceandahappyhome.Theyareeasy68.(care)forandmakegreatpresents.BranchesofPlumBlossoms(梅花):The69.(beauty)longbranchescoveredwithpink-coloredbuds(蓓蕾)makefantasticdecorations.Theplumtreesare70.firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting(融化).Theyrepresentthepromiseofspringandarenewaloflife.Passage20【2020年新高考全國Ⅰ卷（山東卷）】Manypeoplehavethehobbyofcollectingthings,e.g.stamps,postcardsorantiques.Inthe18thand19thcenturies,36.(wealth)peopletravelledandcollectedplants,historicalobjectsandworksofart.Theykepttheircollectionathomeuntilitgottoobig37.untiltheydied,andthenitwasgiventoamuseum.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,38.(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum39.openedin1759.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40.(call)galleriesorrooms.Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection41.(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.Manymuseumsarelivelyplacesandtheyattractalotofvisitors.Aswellaslookingatexhibits,visitorscanplaywithcomputersimulations(模擬)andimagine42.(they)livingatadifferenttimeinhistoryor43.(walk)througharainforest.AttheJorvikCentreinYork,thecity’sVikingsettlementisrecreated,andpeopleexperiencethesights,soundsandsmellsoftheoldtown.Historical44.(accurate)isimportantbutsoisentertainment.Museumsmustcompete45.people’ssparetimeandmoneywithotheramusements.Mostmuseumsalsowelcomeschoolgroupsandarrangespecialactivitiesforchildren.Passage21【2020年新高考全國Ⅱ卷（海南卷）】Thesedays,itisnotunusualfor10-to12-year-oldstopublishtheirownwebsitesorforsecondandthirdgraders____36____（begin）computerclasses.Atthesametime,computergamesarebecomingincreasinglypopularasmajorpublishinghousescontinuetodevelop____37____（education）computerprogramsforchildreninpreschool.Also,technologicalknow-howhasbecomea____38____（require）formostjobsinanincreasinglydigitalworld,asthecomputerhasbecomeacommontoolinmost____39____（profession）TheDigitalWorldisasetofvolumes____40____aimtodescribehowdigitalsystemsinfluencesocietyandhelpreadersunderstandthenatureofdigitalsystemsandtheirmanyinteractingparts.Eachvolumeinthesetexplores____41____widerangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems,____42____discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.Becausethenumberofpossibletopics____43____（be）practicallylimitless,wefocusonasampleofthemostinterestingandusefulapplicationsandtoolsandexplainthebasicprinciplesoftechnology.Readers____44____（encourage）tocontinueexploringthedigitalworldwiththeguidanceof_____45_____（we）FurtherResourcessectionfeaturedineachvolume.Passage22【2020年北京卷】Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey___4___(throw)away.Ittakesthemhundredsofyears___5___(break)down.Manyofthesebagsendupintheoceanwherelargeronescantrapseacreatures,suchasturtlesanddolphins.Overtime,thebagsfallapart___6___countlesstinypieces,andfishcanaccidentallyeatsomeofthem.Now,lotsof___7___(country)andregionsaretakingactiontobanthesaleofsuchbagstostoppeopleusingthem.Passage23【2020年北京卷】Apieceofstone___8___(find)onaDutchbeachsuggeststhatourextincthumanrelatives,knownasNeanderthals,wereclevererthanpreviouslythought.TheNeanderthals___9___（live）alongsidehumanancestorsinEuropefortensofthousandsofyears,beforedyingoutabout40,000yearsago.Theyweremuchstrongerthanmodernhumans,butit'slongbeenassumedthathumanancestorswere____10____（smart）thantheNeanderthals.However,thestonetoolmadebyNeanderthalssuggestsotherwise.Passage24【2020年浙江卷1月】Somethingsignificantishappeningtotheworldpopulation-itisaging.Themedian(中位數(shù)的)ageofanAmericanin1950___56___(be)30-todayitis41andisexpected___57___(increase)to42by2050.ForJapan,the___58___(number)aremorestriking-22in1950,46todayand53in2050.In2015,onein12peoplearoundtheworldwereover65；by2050,itwillbeoneinsix.Thisagingofthepopulationisdriven___59___twofactors.Thefirstisdecliningbirthrates,whichmeansoldgenerationsarelarge___60___(compare)toyoungergenerations,andso,onaverage,thepopulationbecomes___61___(old)thanbefore.Thisis___62___(particular)trueintheUS.Thesecondreasonisthatpeoplearelivinglonger.AchildbornintheUStodayhas___63___veryrealisticchanceoflivingbeyond100andneedstoplanaccordingly.Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However,greaterattentionshould___64___(place)onlongevity(長壽).Itisn'tjustthatpeopleare,onaverage,livinglonger.It'salsothattheyareonaveragehealthier___65___moreproductiveforlonger.Therefore,theycanworkforlonger,consumemoreandingeneralbeaboosttotheeconomy.Passage25【2019年全國卷Ⅰ】ThepolarbearisfoundintheArcticCircleandsomebiglandmassesasfarsouthasNewfoundland.Whiletheyarerarenorthof88°,thereisevidence___61___theyrangeallthewayacrosstheArctic,andasfarsouthasJamesBayinCanada.Itisdifficulttofigureoutaglobalpopulationofpolarbearsasmuchoftherangehasbeen___62___(poor)studied;however,biologistscalculatethatthereareabout20,000-25,000polarbearsworldwide.Modemmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive___64___(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunayut___65___(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoa___66___(believe)thatpopulationsareincreasing.Scientistshaverespondedby___67___(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.Of___69___nineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.Passage26【2019年浙江卷6月】Thereareseveralreasonswhyschooluniformsaregoodidea.Firstofall,uniformshelptheschoollooksmart.Thestudentsfeelthattheybelongtoaparticulargroup.Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform,nobody___56___(have)toworryaboutfashion(時(shí)尚).Everybodywears___57___samestyleofclothes.Uniformscanbeusefulinunexpectedways,Aschoolin