語法三　形容詞和副詞+考點2　形容詞、副詞的句法功能課件 中考英語語法專題探究

語法三形容詞和副詞第2部分語法專題探究考點精講試題精練考點2形容詞、副詞的句法功能鏈接中考考點精講1.形容詞的用法和位置用法位置例子作定語一般放在名詞之前、復(fù)合不定代詞(something,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody等)或復(fù)合不定副詞(somewhere,anywhere等)之后。Ihaveaninterestingbook.

我有一本有趣的書。Didyoubuyanythingspecial?

你買了什么特別的東西嗎？(RJ八上U1)用法位置例子作表語常跟在系動詞之后。Thecartooniseducationalforkids.這部卡通片對孩子具有教育意義。Hisfacealwaysturnedredwhenhetalkedtogirls!當(dāng)他和女孩子說話時，他的臉總是變紅！用法位置例子作賓語補足語跟在賓語之后，常用于“動詞(keep,make,find,feel,leave,think等)＋賓語＋形容詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Mymomcamehomefromworktofindthehousecleanandtidy.我媽媽下班回家發(fā)現(xiàn)房子干凈整潔。作狀語放在句首或句尾。Hearrivedhome,hungryandcold.他到家了，又餓又冷?！咀⒁狻?1)v.-ed形容詞和v.-ing形容詞的區(qū)別【見主書P5】(2)形容詞變其反義詞的常見方式：通常由該形容詞加un-，im-，dis-，in-等前綴構(gòu)成，如uncomfortable(不舒服的),unusual(不尋常的),unlucky(不幸的),impolite(沒有禮貌的),impatient(沒有耐心的),impossible(不可能的),dishonest(不誠實的),incorrect(不正確的)等。(3)某些形容詞與the連用，表示一類人，常作主語或賓語，作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的這類形容詞有g(shù)ood/bad,rich/poor,young/old,deaf/blind,living/dead等。如：Theyoungarethefutureandthehopeofthemotherland.青少年是祖國的未來和希望。(4)一些與形容詞相關(guān)的特殊句型：①It’s＋adj.(difficult/easy/dangerous等表示做某事的特征和特點的詞)＋(forsb.＋)todosth.(對某人來說)做某事是……的。②It’s＋adj.(good/kind/polite等形容人性格或品質(zhì)的詞)＋(ofsb.＋)todosth.(某人)做某事是……的。③主語＋系動詞＋too＋adj.＋todosth.……太……而不能做某事。④主語＋系動詞＋adj.＋enough＋todosth.……足夠……做某事。⑤主語＋系動詞＋so＋adj.＋that…

……如此……以至于……2.副詞的用法和位置用法位置例子作狀語修飾形容詞、副詞時，常位于被修飾詞之前。I’mtrulysorryforwhatIhavedone.我為自己所做的事由衷地感到愧疚。(修飾形容詞)Hecanrunreallyfast.他可以跑得很快。(修飾副詞)用法位置例子作狀語修飾動詞時，一般位于被修飾詞之后；動詞后有賓語時，常放在被修飾詞和賓語之后?！咀⒁狻款l度副詞通常放在動詞前面，若句子里有情態(tài)動詞、助動詞或be動詞，則放在這類動詞(第一個)的后面。Itissnowingheavilynow.現(xiàn)在正下著大雪。(修飾動詞)Shetouchedthelittlebaby’sfacegently.她輕輕地撫摸了小嬰兒的臉。(修飾動詞)Heoftenlosesthings.他經(jīng)常丟東西。(RJ七下U12)一般位于句首或句末，修飾整個句子。Finally,theyreachedthetopofthemountain.最終，他們到達了山頂。(修飾整個句子)用法位置例子作表語放在系動詞之后。Thestormwasoverlastnight.昨天夜里暴風(fēng)雨停了。作賓語補足語用于“動詞＋賓語＋副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中。I’mgladtoseeyouback．

我很高興看到你回來?！咀⒁狻康攸c副詞通常不與介詞to連用，不說cometohere,gotothere等(fromheretothere是例外)。3.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則規(guī)則例子直接在形容詞詞尾加-lyusual→①____________；

quiet→quietly;sad→sadly以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的，先變y為i，再加-lylucky→luckily;happy→②____________；noisy→noisily以“輔音字母＋le”結(jié)尾的，先去e，再加-yterrible→terribly;simple→③____________；gentle→gently其他變化true→truly;full→fullyusually

happily

simply

【注意】以-ly結(jié)尾的詞不一定是副詞，也可以是形容詞，如friendly(友好的),lonely(孤單的),lovely(可愛的),likely(可能的),daily(日常的),lively(生動的),ugly(丑陋的)等。4.兼具形容詞和副詞詞性的詞詞匯作形容詞作副詞-ly副詞wide寬的；寬闊的盡可能遠地；充分地widely廣泛地；普遍地high高的

在高處；向高處highly很；非常near近的

距離不遠；在附近nearly幾乎；差不多most大部分的；大多數(shù)的(程度上)最大，最多，最高mostly主要地；通常late晚的；遲的晚；遲lately最近；不久前詞匯作形容詞作副詞-ly副詞hard艱難的；困難的

努力地/enough足夠的；充分的足夠地；充分地/fast快的；敏捷的快地；迅速地/well健康的；情況良好的好；令人滿意地/early早的在早期；提前/鏈接中考形容詞、副詞的句法功能在選詞填空中的應(yīng)用(形容詞必考，每年1～3道；副詞必考，每年1～2道)2024年廣西中考選詞填空考查了1個形容詞和1個副詞。針對該題型，考生應(yīng)先根據(jù)所填詞在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞謥砼袛嘤眯稳菰~還是副詞，再結(jié)合語境選出恰當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~或副詞，注意有時所選詞需要變形。形容詞詞性變換解題思路變副詞空格處為副詞，且備選詞中無合適的副詞時，考生需考慮形容詞變副詞。變反義詞結(jié)合語境，使用un-，im-等前綴構(gòu)成該形容詞的反義詞形式。celebrate

close

feeling

they

favorite

write

quietly

radio

because

without(2024廣西83題、84題選詞填空節(jié)選)Whenyouwanttorelax,startamusicaljourney.First,findaquietplaceandplayyour83.______music.Next,sitonachairorlieinasofa84.______andcomfortably.Andthencloseyoureyesandletmusicpaintpicturesinyourmind.解析：83題：根據(jù)空格前的代詞your和空格后的名詞music可知，此處應(yīng)為形容詞，結(jié)合語境和備選詞匯可知，favorite合適。故填favorite。84題：根據(jù)“l(fā)ieinasofa…andcomfortably”可知，空格處應(yīng)為副詞，結(jié)合語境和備選詞可知，應(yīng)用副詞quietly修飾lieinasofa。故填quietly。試題精練一、選詞填空基礎(chǔ)練thirsty

heavy

cheap

careless

slowwide

usual

lonely

rich

silent1.Sorry,Ican’tfollowyou.Wouldyoupleasespeakmore_________？2.(2024達州改編)Look!Itisraining__________．Wecan’tgooutwithfriends.3.(2024遂寧改編)Don’ttalkinthelibrary.We’dbetterkeep_________．slowly

heavily

silent

4.Danieldidtheexercisestoo_____________.Sohemadesomemistakes.5.Maryhasalotofinterestingideas.Sheoftendoesthingsin__________ways.6.(2024內(nèi)江改編)ThisT-shirtisnotexpensive.It’s________.Itonlycosts15yuan.7.(2024蘇州改編)Thereishunger(饑餓)inmanypartsoftheworld,evenin_______countries.carelessly

unusual

cheap

rich

8.Manyoftheoldman’sfriendshavemovedaway,sohefelt_________fromtimetotime.9.Sheisagreatwriterandherbooksare_________readaroundtheworld.10.(2024牡丹江改編)Georgewas__________andhedranktwolargebottlesofwaterquickly.lonely

widely

thirsty

二、選詞填空微語篇(2024安徽改編)(主題：人與社會·中醫(yī)的魅力難度：★★★用時：5分鐘)根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個單詞只能用一次。directly

lucky

different

often

helpfulTraditionalChineseMedicine(TCM)ismagictome.Myinterestinitcamefrommyexperience.Yearsago,I1.________hadheadaches,andmylifewasseriouslyinfluenced.Itriedmany2.____________methods.However,noneofthemworked.3.__________,ImetwithadoctorofTCMduringmytripinChina.HeadvisedmetotakesomeChinesemedicine.SoIdid.Tomysurprise,mypainwasgonewithinaweek.often

different

Luckily

AndthenIfoundthatTCMcouldbe4.__________tosomeillnesseslastingforalongtime.Now,I’mrunningawebsitetointroduceTCM.Iwanttohelppeopleunderstandthatiftheyhavesomehealthproblems,theycantryTCM.AlltheseexperienceswithTCMledmetostudyancientChinesephilosophy(哲學(xué)),formanyofTCMideas,suchasyinandyang,andqi,were5.___________inspired(啟發(fā))byit.Sincethen,IhavesteppedontotheroadtolearningaboutChineseculture.helpful

directly

三、選詞填空(主題：人與社會·一次特別的班會難度：★★★★用時：9分鐘)根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，從方框中選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并用其正確形式填空。每個單詞只能用一次。fresh

small

close

always

thankful

full

quiet

later

bright

importantInNovember,wehadaunique(獨特的)classmeeting.Ourteachertookusoutoftheclassroomandintotheplayground.TheaimwastohelpuswriteThanksgivingcardsbygetting1.________tonature.close

Thesunwasshining2.___________asweallgottogetherontheplayground.Thesoftwindcarriedthesweetsmellofthe3.________grassandflowers.Wewerethengivenblank(空白的)cardsandaskedtowriteThanksgivingmessagestoanyoneforwhomwefelt4.___________.Ourteacherwantedustofeelthebeautyofnatureandshowourthankstothepeoplewhomakeourlivesbeautiful.brightly

fresh

thankful

AsIsatthere5.__________withoutany