重慶2020-2024年中考英語5年真題回-學生版-專題03 短文填空

重慶2020-2024年中考英語5年真題回-學生版——專題03短文填空【五年考情回顧】年份體裁主題內容2024年A卷：說明文B卷：說明文A卷：本文介紹了充足睡眠的重要性。B卷：本文主要是介紹暢想未來的幾個例子。2023年A卷：說明文B卷：說明文A卷：本文主要介紹了經常性飲用冷水對身體所產生的不良影響。B卷：介紹成功人士的一些習慣。2022年A卷：說明文B卷：記敘文A卷：本文主要講述了三種學習方法。B卷：本文通過王小姐和她母親的經歷告訴我們老人現在過度使用手機，這樣會引起很多問題，所以作者建議年輕人要多拜訪老人，老人也要多做一些其他活動。2021年A卷：說明文B卷：說明文A卷：本文向我們介紹做一個好領導的建議。B卷：本文通過一項研究來證明記筆記的好處，本文著重介紹了如何提高記筆記技巧。2020年A卷：說明文B卷：說明文A卷：本文主要講的是有時候，走神可以帶來新的創(chuàng)造；然而，走神也會妨礙你完成工作，讓你夜不能寐，或者損害你的健康，并給出了改善走神的方法：做運動和活動；專注于你正在做的事情；控制焦慮的想法。B卷：我們都想過我們夢想的生活，但有時候一些消極的想法會阻止我們前進。這篇短文中作者給我們提出了一些建議，告訴我們如何對待這些消極想法，讓我們的生活繼續(xù)前行，從而實現我們的夢想。（2024·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。“Doyougetenoughsleep?”Theanswerisprobablynoifyouaskatiredstudentwhoisalwaystakinganap(小睡)onaclassroomdesk.“Icouldn’tgettosleepandexperiencedarestlessnightagain.”Youmayoftenhearsuchwordsfromanadult.Nothavingenough1isacommonproblemaroundtheworld.However,sleepisjustlikefoodandwatertous.2ofuscanliveifwedon’tsleepatall.Sleepexpertssaythatanadultrequires7to9hoursofsleepanightandateenagerneeds8.5to9.5hours.Anythinglesscouldbeh3toourhealth.Accordingtoastudy,sleepingonlyfivehoursanightforaweekislikehavingablood-alcohol(酒精)levelof0.1percent.Thatisabovethesafedrivinglimit(限制)inmostcountries.Mostpeopleprobablywouldn’ttakeanexamorgotoworkiftheygetdrunk.But4enoughsleep,theystilldothesethings.Asaresult,they5intheexamsorperformbadlyatwork.What’sworse,doctorsandnursesoftenworklonghours.Whentheyaresleepy,theymighthurtapatientoreven6apatient’sdeathbyaccident.7sleepissoimportant,manypeoplethesedaysarenotgettingenough.Inasurvey,twentypercentsaythatdaytimesleepinessinfluencestheirdailywork.Theyfeelithardtopayfullattentionduringtheday.However,theydon’tseemtocare.Someevenshowoffhowenergetictheycanbethenextdayjustwithlittlesleep.Itmaybetimetowakeupand8thewaywethink.Weshouldrealizethatnotsleepingenoughisaseriousproblem.（2024·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。Intheworldthatwearecreatingveryquickly,we’regoingtoseemoreandmorethingsthatlooklikesciencefiction,andfewerandfewerthingsthatlooklikejobs.Forexample,ourcarsareveryquicklygoingtostartdriving9.Thatmeanswe’regoingtoneedfewerdrivers.Atthesametime,theremightbesomenewkindsof10inthefuture.Let’shavealookatsomeofthem.Robotswillbecomemorecommoninourhomesandschools,sowe’llneedpeoplewhoknow11tofixthem.Theseworkerswillbelikerobotdoctors,findingoutwhat’swrongwitharobotandhelpingitgetbetter.Imaginegoingonvacationtospace!Inthefuture,morepeoplemightbeinterestedinspacetravel,sowemightneedg12whocanshowtouristsaroundthestarsandplanets.AsAI(人工智能)isdevelopingfast,we’llneedpeopletocheckthatitworksproperly.WecallthesepeopleAIrulekeepers.Theywillmake13thatAIwon’tdoanythingharmfultohumans.Schoolmightlookdifferentinthefuture,withlessonsdesignedjustforyou.Thenwe’llneedp14learningplanners.Theseplannerswouldcreatespeciallearningplans15eachstudent,sothateveryonecouldgetwhattheyneedtosucceed.Thesearejustafewexamplesofthejobswemighthaveinthefuture.Thebestwaytogetreadyforthesefuturejobsistobeopentonewideasandnever16learning.Knowledgewillremainimportant,andproblemsolvingandcritical(批判性的)thinkingskillswillbeneededforourfutureeducationandwork.（2023·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。Afterexercising,thefirstthingthatyouwanttodoistodrinkupaglassofcoldwater.Whenthewatertravelsdownyourthroat,youwill17sogood.However,youareoftentoldnottodoso.Isdrinking18waterreallyunhealthy?Coldwaterissaidtoslowdownaperson’sdigestion(消化).Havingcoldwateroracolddrinkmakesyourbody’stemperaturel19.Coldwatercausesyourbloodvessels(血管)tobecomenarrower(更狹窄的).So,thebodyneedstoburnenergytobringyour20backtonormal.Atthesametime,lessenergyisusedfordigestion.Thinkofyourdigestivesystemasaburningpot.Ifsomeonesuddenlypouredcoldwaterintothispotwhatwould21?Doingthiswouldbedangerous.Similarly,whenyoudrinkcoldwaterwhileeating,itis22addingwatertoaburningpot.Ofcourse,itisn’tthatbad,butitisagoodwaytoexplainwhydrinkingcoldwaterduringmealsmaybeabadidea.23youcannotcontrolyoururge(沖動)todoso,drinkingwateratroomtemperatureisabetterchoice.TraditionalChinesemedicinesuggeststryingtoavoiddrinkingcoldwater.AndmodernstudiesinEuropepointoutdrinkingcoldwatercausesheadaches.Scientistsaredoingmoreresearchonthis.Maybeinthefuturet24cangiveusmorehelpfulinformation.（2023·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順，并將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。Manysuccessfulpeoplefollowasimilarroutine(常規(guī)).Thishelpsthemmakethebestuseoftheirdays.Thisalsohelpssleepwellatnight.Oneofthemostimportantthingssuccessfulpeopledoistogetreadyforthenextdaythenightbefore.Let’ssee25theydothat.LearntorelaxSuccessfulpeoplesayitisimportanttorelax.Someenjoylisteningtomusic,w26othersliketakingabathbeforegoingtobed.Studiesshowthata15-minutebathanhourortwobeforebedtimehelpsthemsleepbetter.Sleepingwelltonightmeansagooddaytomorrow.PutthephonedownStudiesshowthatthebluelightfromaphoneisbadforoursleep.Successfulpeoplec27theirphoneuse.Theydon’tsleepwiththeirphonesnearby.Theyputphonesawayanhour28bedtimeandtheyuseanalarmclocktowakeup.ThinkabouttodayBeforesleep,ithelpstothinkabouttheday.Many29peoplethinkaboutthegoodthingsfromtheday.Thishelpsthemtolearnandtochange.Italso30themtomakeaplanforagood(perhapsevenbetter)daytomorrow.Makea31Manysuccessfulpeoplemakeplansfortheiractivitiesthenextday.Ithelpsthemsleepwell.Thisisimportantbecausesleepingb32sometimesmakeseverythingseemworsethenextday.Makingplansalsohelpsthemwakeuprelaxed,happyandreadyforthenewday.（2022·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。Asstudents,youshouldstudyhard.Moreimportantly,youshouldstudyinasmartway.Trythesemethodsbelow.SpacedRepetitionAccordingtoEbbinghaus,you’ll33easilyifyoudon’treviewintime.Afteryoureadyourstudymaterialforthefirsttime,you’dbettercomebacktoit6hourslater,then24hourslater,3dayslater,7dayslateroreven14dayslaterandabove.Repeatit34least5times,andyoucanalmostremembereverything.JimKwik'sTechnique(方法)AccordingtoJimKwik,

anexpertonreadingandthememory,thekeytounderstandingyourreadingmaterialistoaskquestion.Youcanputalinedownthe35ofapieceofpaper.Ontheleft,takenotesofkeyinformation,whileontheright,writedown3kindsofquestions—how,whenandwhy.Amongthequestions,themostimportant36ishowyoucanusethekeyinformation.Connectitwiththeknowledgeyou’ve37known.Andthinkaboutwhatreallifeproblemsyoucansolvebyusingit.Thishelpstokeeptheinformationyourmind.TheFeynmanTechniqueStudiesshowstudentscanunderstandwhatthey’velearnedbetterwhenthey38someoneelse.TheFeynmantechniqueincludes4basicsteps.First,study.Second,teachwhatyou’vejustlearnedtosomeonewithzeroknowledgeofthesubjectin39words.Third,findoutwhichpartsyoucanexplainwellandwhichpartsyoucan’t.Gobacktothebookandtrytounderstandthetopiconceagain.Fourth,repeatthestepsabove

40youcanexplainthetopicwithoutlookingatthebook.（2022·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。MissWangrecentlyhadaworryingexperience.Onemorning,justasshearrivedather41,Wangnoticedsomemissedcallsfromhermother.“Itmustbesomethingveryimportant,”shethoughttoherself.Rightaway,shecalledhermother42quiteworriedly.Tohersurprise,Wangfoundhermotheronlywantedhercharger(充電器),whichWangtooktotheofficebymistake.WhenWanghurriedhomefromheroffice,shefoundhermother’s43wasstill70%charged.Andhermotherwasworriedthatitwouldrunoutofpowerasshecontinuedusingit.NowWangrealizestheseriousnessoftheproblem.Hermother44eighthoursadayplayinggames,readingnewsandwatchingshortvideosonline.Andhermotherhasproblemslikepooreyesight,headacheandsoon.ThisstoryisnotspecialandWang’smotherisnot45.Sheisjustoneinagrowingpopulationoftheoldwholosethemselvesinplayingwithphones.Astheoldhave46chancestojoininsocialactivities,asmartphoneisthebestwaytokilltime.Buttoomuchtimeonphonecancausemanyproblems.“Becarefulwhenusingyourphones,47youwillbeeasilyfooled!”Althoughtheoldarealwayswarnedlikethis,onlinefrauds(欺騙)stillhappentothem.Nowtherearemorefamilyproblems.Actionshouldbetaken.Fortheold,theyshouldcontroltheirscreentimeandgetenoughrest.Theyoung,fortheirpart,shouldoftenvisittheold,andhelpthemlearnmoreaboutonlinesafetysothattheycan48themselves.Also,theyoungcandomoreactivitieswiththeoldliketalking,walkingandtraveling,orencouragethemtolearnsomethingattheuniversitiesfortheaged.（2021·重慶·中考真題）Nowadaysweoftenworkasateam.Byleadingagroupofpeoplecanbedifficult.Peoplewantteamleaderstheycantrust.Wouldyouliketobeagoodleader?Here’ssome49foryou.AsktoknowyourteamLearnabouteachpersononyourteam.Youcan’tbeasuccessfulleader50youknowyourteam.Bea“l(fā)earner”insteadofa“knower”asyoudon’thavealloftheanswers.Trytogetclosetothemby51questions.Forexampleasyoupasssomeone,youcanask,“Hi!Doyouenjoydoingtheseprojects?”or“Doyouhaveanyideasabouthowtodoitbetter?”TalktoyourteamBeasactiveasyoucanwhenyoustaywithyourteam.It’sagoodpracticetotalk52witheveryoneonyourteam.Tellthemwhatyou’rethinkingaboutandwhatnewprojectsyou’reconsidering.Themoreyoutalktothem,themorecomfortabletheywillfeelwhentheygiveyoutheiropinions.53toyourteamLetyourteamfeelyou’reagoodlistener.Whenevertheyhaveproblemsatworkorathome,listentowhattheywanttosay.Bepatientand54tryingtointerrupt（打斷）them.Makeyourteamfeeltheycantalktoyou.Careaboutyourteam.Showyourteamyoucareaboutthemas55arefriends.Peoplewillworkharderfortheirleadersiftheyfeeltheyarereallycaredabout.Ifsomeonecomestoyou56aproblem,alwaysbereadytohelp.Thatwillmakeyourteamtrustandrespectyoumore.（2021·重慶·中考真題）Astudyhasbeendoneatauniversity.Scientistsdividedaclassintotwogroups.Theymadeeachgrouptakenotes57differentways.Thefirstgrouptooknotesbyhand.Thesecondonediditonthecomputer.The58ofthestudywastofindoutwhichmethodwouldhelpthestudentslearnbetter.ThescientiststhoughtGroupTwowouldwin.Buttotheirsurprise,GroupOnedidabetterjob.Sinceyoutakenotesbyhand,sticktoit!Goodnotescan59tolessstress（壓力）whentesttimecomesaround.Thenhowcanyouimproveyournote-takingskill?Thefollowingadvicecanhelpyou.Firstly,trytogetyourselfready60classbegins.Befamiliar（熟悉的）withthematerialthatyouaregoingtolearn.Makesureyouhaveyournotebooksandpensonthedesk.Secondly,takenoteswiselywhilelisteninginclass.Manystudentsbecome61takingnotesandtheymayfailtofollowtheteacher.Soitisimportanttoknowwhentotakenotes.Andremembertowritedownthekeywordsanduseshorthand（速記法）ifnecessary.Thirdly,checkyournotesafterclass.Youcanaddsomedetails（細節(jié)）yourselffirst.Ifthereisstillsomethingmissing,compareyournoteswith62.Doitwiththosewhotakenotescarefully.Thesecheckswillalso63yourchancesofunderstandingwhatyou’vewritten.Trytheadviceabove.Whenyoucantakenotes64thanbefore,youwillfindyourlessonseasierandmoreenjoyable.（2020·重慶·中考真題）It'snormalforthehumanmindtowander(走神).Somanythingsmayfillyourmindandpullyourthoughtsindifferentdirections.Thisisn'talways65.Sometimesawanderingmindcanleadtoanewcreation.However,wanderingthoughtscanalsostopyou66gettingthingsdone,keepyouupatnight,orhurtyourhealth.Don'tworry.Trythefollowingpractice.DoingExerciseandActivitiesSlowdownandletyourmindfocus(專注)onyourbreathing.Bycontrollingyourbreathing,youbringyour67toworktogetherwithyourbody.Onceyouloseinterestinwhatyou’redoing,youcantakeabreakfromit.Goforawalk,dosomeexercise,takeashowerorevenliedownandthinkabout68.Theseactivitieshelpalot.FocusingonTasksYou'reDoingDoonetaskatatime,itwon'tslowyoudown.Instead,itkeepsyourmindfocusedandyou’llbeabletogetmoredone69.Whiledoingtasks,don'tlookaroundfromtimetotime.Ifthere'ssomethingkeepingyourmindwandering,allowyourselfaspecific(特定的）timetoworry,thinkorplan.70thetimeisup,refocusonyournexttask.ControllingWorryingThoughtsWritingdownorsharingyourworrieshelpstogetthemoutofyourhead.Whenthere'sabigtask,it'sunderstandabletoputitoff.Butby71itbravelyandtryingtosolveit,youcangetawayfromyourworryingthoughts.Ifitdoesn'tworkafteryou'vetriedeverything,72thattherearealwaysthingsyoucan'tchange.（2020·重慶·中考真題）根據下面短文內容，在短文的空格處填上一個恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。Weallwanttolivethelifewedreamof.However,attimes,somenegative(消極的)ideasmaystopus.Hopethefollowingsuggestionscanhelptoignorethose73andgoahead.DoWhatWeCanControlOnethingwecancontrolisdoingwhatwecan—eatinghealthily,exercising,readingandgettingenoughsleep.Doingtherightthingscanhelp74toachievethemosthappiness.Also,itcanmakeusmoveoninthe75direction.However,weshouldalsoacceptthattherearemanythingswecan'tcontrol.TakeCalculated(預料到的)RisksSuccessdoesn'tcome76risks.Weallhavetotakerisksinlife,buttrytomakesurethoserisksarecalculated.Forexample,youareworkingatajobthatyouhate,andyouaredreamingofgivingitupand77yourownbusiness.Thethoughtisastart.Butoneday,youcan'tstandyourjobanymore,soyouleaveiteventhoughyouhaven'treallyhadaplan.Thisissuchabigriskthatitwillprobablymakeyou78wanttotakeariskagain.Sojuststartwithasmallrisk.Don'tBeAfraidofFailureThomasEdisonisoneofthegreatestinventorsinhistory.However,he79manytimes.DidyouknowEdisoncreatedanelectricpen?Aghostmachine?Probablynot.Well,that'sbecausetheywerecompletefailures.Butthosefailuresputhimonestep80tosuccess.Thinkoffailuresasmilestones(里程碑)towardssuccess.（2024·重慶沙坪壩·三模）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。Whataremomentsofhappinessinyourlifethatyoucanremember?Let’slookatsomeoftheteenagers’answers.ForeverFriendshipInmywholelife,81isbetterthanfriendship.Intheautumnof2023,Ihadadifficulttimewiththegreatpressureofmyschoolwork.Feelingstressedout,Iwascheeredupbymyfriendswhoinvitedmetohikeintheforest.82hikingalongacountryroad,Isharedmyworry.Theircomfortingwordsandsupport,however,helpedtoclearawaymyterriblethoughts,fillingmewitha83ofjoy,whichhelpedmetokeepgoingonthehikeandalsogoingonmylifejourney.FamilyLoveandHappinessOnapeacefulafternoon,IvisitedasmallvillageinNingxia.Itookaphotoofaheart-warmingscenethroughmycamera:agrandfatherheldhishandstogetherwithhisgranddaughter.Asheliftedherhigh84hisshoulders,theirsharedjoywastocleartoeveryone.Inthatmagicalmoment,Iclickedtheshutter(按下快門)tok85thelittlegirl’ssmileandthegrandfather’skindlyexpressionforever.Thissimplemovingmomenttaughtmethathappinessoftenliesinthesimplestactsofloveandjoysharedwithourlovedones.P86ComicswithPassionIfeelmyhappinesswhenI’mpainting.Lastyear,IbegancreatingYuan,aChineseboy,asthemaincharacterinmycomics(動漫).AsaSwissboywho’sdeeply87inChineseculture,IfoundinspirationinChinesecostumedramas.PaintingYuan’sstoryhasbecomemysafespace,whereculturallinesdisappear.That’swhythebrightcolorsoftheEastmixpeacefullywiththeartstylesoftheWest.IrealizedIwasdoing88thanjustpaintingacomic.Iwasmakingupastorythatreflectsmypassion(熱情).（2024·重慶巴南·三模）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。Duringancienttimes,childrendidn’thaveasmartphone,iPadorcomputertoenjoythemselves.However,theycameupwithmanyinteresting89toplayintheirchildhood.KickingstoneballsKickingstoneballsisoneofthebestexamplesofsuchgames.D90theQingDynasty,kickingastoneballaroundwasverypopular,especiallyinthenorthernpartofChina.Asitwastoocoldthereinwinter,peopleoftenplayedstoneballstokeep91.Stonesweremadeintosmallballsandkickedwithfeet.FlyingkitesKiteshavequitealonghistory—itwasinventedintheDongzhouDynasty.Atthattime,therewasnopaper,sotheearliestkiteswereallmadeofwood92ofpaper.Nowadays,thethreemostfamouskitesaretheBeijingkite,TianjinkiteandWeifangkite,whicheachhasitsowncolorsandsizes.Playinghide-and-seek(捉迷藏)Hide-and-seekisanothertraditionalgameforchildren.Thereare93waystoplay.Onewayiscoveringachild’seyeswhileotherkidsrunaroundtotease(逗弄)him.Ifhecatchesaplayer,theplayerwilltakehisplaceandcontinuetocatchothers.Thesecondwayismorecommon.Playershidefirstandonechildmusttrytofind94.95shadowplays(皮影戲)Themostsimilarthingtowatchingafilmortelevisionforfunduringancienttimeswastowatchashadowplay.Folkartistscontrolpuppets(木偶)b96thescreenandtellstoriestomusic.（2024·重慶九龍坡·二模）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。Inseniorhighschool,readingwillbemuchmoreimportantinyourlearning.Ifyoureadanoveloramagazine,thespeedatwhichyoureadprobablydoesnot97verymuch.Butifyouhavetoreadalotforstudy,youwillfinditnecessarytoreadmorequickly.Hereissomeadvicetohelpincreaseyourreading98.Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.Youneedaseatwhichsupportsyourbackandabookwhichshouldbeattherightdistance(距離)fromyoureyes.Keeptheroomcoolratherthanwarmto99feelingsleepy.Spendafewminuteslookingthroughthebook.Lookatthecover,thetableofcontents,thechapterheading,etc.Thiswillhelpyoutodecide100youreallyneedtoreadthewholebookoronlysomepartsofit.Tenminutesspentinthiswaycouldsaveyou101alotoftimeinthelongrun.Ifyoudecidethatyouneedtoreadthewholebook,decidehowmuchtimeyoucanreadattime.Thisdepends102thedifficultyofthebookyouarereading.Forexample,ahistorybookwithstorieswillbe103toreadthanscientificsubjects.Soifgiven20minutes,inthefirstcase,youmaybeabletoreadachapterwhileinthesecond,youmayonlybeabletoreadonepage.Alwayskeepapencilandpaperbesideyou.Makeanoteofanypagewhichisofimportance.Also,noteanythingwhichleadsyoutofurtherresearch.Youdon’thavetowritee104indetail.Itisenoughtoputthepagenumberandoneortwowordsasareminder.（2024·重慶九龍坡·一模）根據下面短文內容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格處填上一個最恰當的詞，使短文完整、通順。請將完整的單詞填寫在答題卡上對應的位置。Volunteeringcanhelpyoumakefriends,learnnewskills,andevenfeelhappierandhealthier.Volunteeringoffershelptopeopleinneed,butthebenefits(益處)canbeevengreaterforyou.Benefit1:Volunteeringconnects(連接)youtoothers.Volunteeringallowsyoutoconnecttoothers.Evenhelpingoutwiththesmallesttaskscanmakearealdifference105thelivesofpeople,animalsandorganizationsinneed.Volunteeringisagreatwaytomeetnewpeople,especially106youareanewcomer.Whilesomepeoplearenaturallyoutgoing,othersareshyandhavedifficultyin107newpeople.Volunteeringgivesyouthechancetopracticeanddevelopyoursocialskills,sinceyouaremeetingregularlyagroupofpeoplewithcommoninterests.Benefit2:Volunteeringisgoodforyourmindand108.Volunteeringmakesyouhappy.Nothingreducesstressbetterthanameaningfulconnectiontoanotherperson.Workingwithpetsando