with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)和獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

PAGEPAGE1獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)和with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)1.概念:獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)不是一個獨立的句子，有逗號，在句中充當狀語、可以表示時間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨情況等。2.結(jié)構(gòu):名詞/代詞+非謂語（doing&todo&done形容詞&副詞介詞短語Takingyourageintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(Ⅰ)名詞/代詞+分詞(過去分詞done&現(xiàn)在分詞doing當分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時,分詞應(yīng)有自己的邏輯主語,構(gòu)成分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴隨狀語時,常放在句首。1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.（問題解決了）（settle）2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(時間允許的話)(permit)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,__________________________(他的手交叉在手下)(cross)(Ⅱ)名詞/代詞+(being)形容詞_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他媽媽生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,___________________（red）(他的鼻子凍得通紅)(Ⅲ)名詞／代詞＋（being)副詞Heputonhissocks，_____________.（反的一面在外面）(out(Ⅳ)名詞／代詞＋不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed2.__________________________(最后一個人的到來)，ourpartywillstart.（arrive）（Ⅴ）名詞／代詞＋介詞短語在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果邏輯主語與介詞短語中的名詞都是單數(shù)名詞，這些名詞前習(xí)慣不用冠詞。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本書)2._______________,thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗幟）(Ⅵ)有些獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中沒有分詞，僅在名詞或代詞之后直接跟作表語或狀語

的詞或詞組，省去的分詞一般是being或havingbeen，這是為了簡練。但在

“being+過去分詞”或“therebeing＋過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐結(jié)束后)（over）2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(沒有鬧鐘的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房間正在被油漆)二．With和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是:with/without＋名詞／代詞＋分詞／不定式／形容詞／副詞／介詞短語。在句子中可以作狀語或定語。（Ⅰ）with/without＋名詞／代詞＋現(xiàn)在分詞。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、正在進行或發(fā)生的動作。(Ⅱ)with/without名詞／代詞+過去分詞。用過去分詞表示被動或已完成的動作。(Ⅲ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋不定式。用不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。(Ⅳ)with/without＋名詞／代詞＋形容詞。1.Shesleepswiththewindow____________.2.Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(1)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,____parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.

A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that

(2)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_________parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that

(3)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssittingtogetherjoking.

A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that

(4)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssattogetherjoking.

A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.that

(5)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.

A.their

B.whose

C.which

D.thatIntheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofixWithalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled三．with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)化（Ⅰ）with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)與獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語時，一般可相互轉(zhuǎn)換；此外還可變?yōu)闋钫Z從句或并列句。（１）作時間狀語Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.（２）作原因狀語Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(3)作條件狀語Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummer=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummer=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummer(4)作伴隨狀語Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.(Ⅱ)with和without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)可以作后置定語修飾名詞，而獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)則不可作后置定語修飾名詞。Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.鞏固練習(xí)1.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because4.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled8.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.Havingbeen一、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)

1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.

2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told

C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold

3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.

5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned二、分析邏輯主語

確定要選非謂語動詞之后，第二步要分析其邏輯主語。非謂語動詞雖不能作謂語，但仍具有動詞特點，其邏輯上的動作執(zhí)行者就叫做邏輯主語。非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語須和句子的真正主語一致。若不一致，則須加上自己的邏輯主語。

1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing

2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.三、分析語態(tài)分析語態(tài)就是在確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用時是主動還是被動關(guān)系。

1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.

2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See

3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.

4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed四、分析時態(tài)，在選定了主動或被動后，還要考慮動作發(fā)生的時間問題，即時態(tài)。

1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.

2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.

3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.

A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt

C.beingbuiltD.built

1.Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.

A.whom

B.them

C.which

D.who2.OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherj