專題04 7BU4-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學(xué)期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析（江蘇專用）

專題047BU4-牛津譯林版初中英語第二學(xué)期單元知識點囊括及易錯題分析單元話題FindingyourwayReading重點詞匯、詞組和句型Grammar不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞；各種方位介詞知識點囊括知識點囊括一、重點詞組、句型1.Areyousure,Hobo?besureofsth.對……確信（有把握）besuretodosth.一定要去做某事besure+that從句Iamsureofmyanswers.我對我的答案有把握。Theyaresuretowinthegame.他們一定會贏得比賽。Iamsurethattheywillwinthegame.2．Ithinkwehavetogoupagain．have(had/has)to意為“不；得不"，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀，愿意也要做，不愿意也要做（否定式don’thaveto）must強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀，自己認(rèn)為必須要去做,但mustn’t意為“禁止，不準(zhǔn)”,語氣強(qiáng)烈。Dad,mustIfinishmyhomeworkbeforegoingshopping？爸爸，我必須要在購物之前完成作業(yè)嗎？肯定回答：Yes,youmust./I’mafraidyouhaveto.否定回答：No,youdon’thaveto./No,youneedn’t.Mybikeisbroken，soIhavetowalktoschool．3．SunshineZooisnorthofSunshineMiddleSchool．表示“A在B的東/南/西/北面”用句型:”Aiseast/south/west/northofB”其同義句是：Aisto/ontheeast/south/west/northofBeg.NanjingiswestofShanghai=NanjingistothewestofShanghai.表示方位的介詞in,on與to的區(qū)別（1）in表示A在B的范圍之內(nèi),TaiwanisinthesouthofChina.(2)to表示兩者不接壤，不從屬HangzhouistothesouthofTaizhou.(3)on表示兩地接壤KunshanisonthesouthofShanghai.4.Rememberthattheyaredangerous.Nevergonearthem.記住他們很危險，不要靠近他們remembersth.記得/記住某物CanyourememberyourIDcardnumbers?remembertodosth.記得去做某事（未做）Pleaseremembertoturnoffthelightswhenyouleave.rememberdoingsth.記得做過某事（已經(jīng)做了）Irememberturningoffthelights,butit’sonnow.remember+that從句反義詞：forget（過去式forgot）用法相同eg.Pleaseremembertoturn(turn)offthelightwhenyouleavetheclassroom.Iremembermeeting(meet)themansomewhere.5．Gostraighton，andyou’llfindthePandaHouse.“祈使句+and／or+一般將來時"表示在假設(shè)的某種條件下將會產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，and通常后接好的結(jié)果，or意為“否則”，通常后接不好的結(jié)果。如：Hurryup,andwe’llcatchtheearlybus．Hurryup，orwe’llmisstheearlybus．Workhard,oryou’llpasstheexam.(and/or)6.Takethesecondturning/crossingontheright.在第二個拐彎處向右拐。=Turnrightatthesecondturning/crossing.TurnrightintoPeople’sRoad.向右拐入人民路。7．Thetreasureisunderthegroundinfrontofthethirdtreeontheleft．infrontof意為“在某物外部的前面”，inthefrontof指“在某物內(nèi)部的前面”。Theteacherishavingthelessoninthefrontoftheclassroom．Thereisabusinfrontoftheclassroom．LilyissittinginfrontofofDaniel.8．HowdoIgetthere?去那兒的路怎么走呢?這是問路的一種表達(dá)。還有如下同義表達(dá)：(1)Whichisthewayto．．．?(2)Whereisthe．．．?(3)Istherea．．．nearhere?(4)Couldyoutellmethewayto…．?(5)Couldyoutellmehowtogetto/howIcangetto．．．?9.⑴soundn.聲音在一般情況下，泛指各種聲音。如：.soundvi.聽起來（系動詞）Yourideasoundsgreat./那聽起來是個好主意。⑵與noise,voice的用法區(qū)別noise主要指大聲的、令人不愉快的聲音，尤指噪音(可用作可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞)。如：voice主要指人講話或唱歌的聲音(是可數(shù)名詞)。如Hespeaksinalowvoice..10.prepare……for……為……準(zhǔn)備……二、語法Grammar冠詞的用法冠詞分為不定冠詞和定冠詞，不定冠詞a/an常用來泛指某個人或物，定冠詞the常用來指特定的某個人或物。1、不定冠詞a/ana/an用在表示“一”的概念，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)目概念。我們在第一次提到某人或某物時，如果是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，常在其前加不定冠詞a/an?！癮/an+單數(shù)名詞”表示“一個……”或“某一……”。(1)表示“一個”，相當(dāng)于one，指某人或某物Ihaveanewcomputer.我有一臺新電腦。(2)代表一類人或物Aknifeisatoolforcuttingwith.刀是切東西的工具。用于一些習(xí)慣用語中。abit（一點），alittle（一點），afew（幾個），alot（許多），akindof（一種），apairof（一副、一雙），anumberof（大量的），apieceof（一張、一片），halfanhour（半小時），haveagoodtime（玩得開心），haveacold（感冒），makeanoise（發(fā)出嘈雜聲），have/takea（rest等）（休息）一會兒，等等。請牢記以下的例子：Inauniversity，aEuropeanunitedaone-eyedmantostealausefulthing,thenranawayalongaone-wayroad.Thisisausualthing.用于序數(shù)詞前:a+序數(shù)詞表示“再一”“又一”Eg：Youwillhavetodoitasecondtime.你得再做一次。Ihavethreebooks，Iwanttobuyafourthone.我已經(jīng)有三本書，我想再買一本。2、定冠詞the(1)定冠詞the用在談到之前提過的某人或某物前，或特指某(些)人或物，使其區(qū)別于同類的其他人或事物，相當(dāng)于this，that，these，those，可以與可數(shù)名詞連用，也可與不可數(shù)名詞連用。(2)用于表示上文已提及的人或事物。Ihaveanewbike.Thebikeisabirthdaypresentfrommyuncle.我有一輛新自行車。這輛車是我叔叔送給我的生日禮物。(3)用于表示談話雙方都知道的人或事物。Heiswaitingformeattheschoolgate.他在學(xué)校門口等我。(4)用于序數(shù)詞和最高級前。ThisisthefirsttimeformetovisitBeijing.這是我第一次去北京旅行。EddiewantstolivenexttothebiggestrestaurantinBeijing.埃迪想住在北京最大的參觀旁邊。用于世界上獨一無二的事物前,主要指thesun,themoon,theearth,thesky,theuniverse,theworld等東西。TheEarthmovesaroundthesun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。(6)用于方位名詞前。JiangsuisintheeastofChina.江蘇位于中國東部。(7)用于河流、海洋、山川、海島、海峽、沙漠等專有名詞前，以及用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成(或含有普通名詞)的專有名詞如國名、地名、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)、黨派、報紙、雜志、事件、建筑物等前。如：theYellowRiver黃河theRedSea紅海theIndianOcean印度洋theTaiwanStraits臺灣海峽theGreatCulturalRevolution文化大革命(8)用于樂器名詞前。Hecan’tplayfootball,buthecanplaytheviolin.他不會踢足球，但是他會拉小提琴。與一些形容詞連用，表示一類人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念。therich富人thepoor窮人thewealthy富人theold老人theaged老人theyoung年輕人thesick病人thebrave勇敢的人theweak弱者thestrong強(qiáng)者thedead死者theblind盲人InChina,theoldliveahappylife.在中國，老人們過著幸福的生活。(10)用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示一家人，是復(fù)數(shù)概念。TheGreensarehavingafternoonteaatpresent.此刻，格林一家正在喝下午茶。(11)用于一些習(xí)慣用語中，如：inthepast在過去gotothecinema看電影intheend最后inthedark在黑暗中，不知道intheleast一點，絲毫intheopen在野外用于逢整十?dāng)?shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)前定冠詞有時可用于逢整十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，表示世紀(jì)中的年代。如：Hemovedtothesouthinthefifties.他于50年代搬到了南方。Thewarbrokeoutinthe1980s.戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)于20世紀(jì)80年代。3、零冠詞(1)專有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加冠詞。如：China,America,Smith中國、美國、史密斯(2)可數(shù)名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時，不加冠詞。如：Thisdictionaryismine.這個字典是我的(3)季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)日、假日、一日三餐名稱前一般不加冠詞。如：March,MayDay,NationalDay三月、五一勞動節(jié)、國慶節(jié)Didyouhavesupper?你吃午飯了嗎？Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年中最好的季節(jié)。(4)學(xué)科名稱、球類、棋類名稱前不加冠詞。如：Doyoustudyphysics?你學(xué)習(xí)物理嗎？Helikesplayingfootball/chess.他喜歡踢足球/下象棋。(5)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指一類人或事物時前不用冠詞。如：Theyareworkers.他們是工人。(6)在與by連用的交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。如：Theyoftengotoschoolbybus.他們經(jīng)常坐公交車上學(xué)。批注：inacar,onthebike,takeabus,onthetrain/bus需注意。(7)某些固定詞組中不用冠詞。①名詞詞組中：husbandandwife,brotherandsister,bodyandsoul,dayandnight,knifeandfork②介詞詞組中：to(at,from)school,in(to)class,in(to,at,from)university（college）,to（in,into,from）church,to(in,into,outof)prison(hospital,bed),to(at,from,outof)work,to(in,from)town,at(from)home,to(at)sea,atnight(noon,midnight),bycar(bus,bicycle,plane),onfoot方位介詞的用法(1)表示地點的介詞

1）at,in,on

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。例如：

HearrivedinShanghaiyesterday.

Theyarrivedatasmallvillagebeforedark.

Thereisabigholeinthewall.

Theteacherputupapictureonthewall.

2）

over,above,on，below，under

over,on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個物體表面接觸，一個在另一的上面。例如：

Thereisabridgeovertheriver.

Weflewabovetheclouds.

Theyputsomeflowersontheteacher’sdesk.

3）表示方位的in/on/toin表示A地在B地范圍之內(nèi).(包含關(guān)系)Taiwanis_in___thesoutheastofChina.on表示A,B地接壤.(外切關(guān)系)Hubeiis__on__thenorthofHunan.to表示A,B兩地有一定的間距.(外離關(guān)系)Japanis__to___theeastofChina.◆常用介詞的用法辨析

(1)after和behind區(qū)別after表示時間、位置之后behind只表示位置之后(2)between/among在……之間between:指兩者之間.在…….之間.among:用于三者或三者以上人或物之間.在……之中.(3)onthetree/inthetreeonthetree表示“樹上本身長的東西”在樹上.inthetree表示“外界的物體進(jìn)入樹中”人或物在樹上.(4)across/through/over/by經(jīng)過across指橫穿,穿過.表示從......表面上經(jīng)過.through指穿過,透過,表示從某一物體空間內(nèi)通過.over表示從某人或某物的上空經(jīng)過或越過,不與表面接觸.by表示從某人/某物的旁邊經(jīng)過.Canyouswimacrosstheriver?Theelephantissobigthatitcan’tgothroughthegate.Idon’tthinkanyonecanjumpoverthefence.IwalkedbythebankofChinayesterday.

(5)for,to和towards的區(qū)別for常用在leave，start后，表示運(yùn)動的方向和目的，如leaveforBeijingto常用在go,come,return,move等詞之后，如returntoschooltowards意為“朝，向”，只是說明運(yùn)動的方向，沒有“到達(dá)”之意，如walktowardsusinfrontof,inthefrontof

infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外，反義詞behind；inthefrontof表示“在……的前部”，在某個范圍以內(nèi)，反義短語“atthebackof”。例如：

Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.

Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.beside,nextto與nearBeside指“在......旁邊/附近”，可等于near。Nextto表“緊挨著，緊靠著”。Comeandsitbeside/nearme.Theprettyboyisstandingnexttothewindow.inside與outsideinside在......里面outside在......外面三、詞組歸納1、gostraighton一直向前2、liedown躺下來3、alldaylong整天的4、jumparound到處跳5、makepeoplelaugh6、cross（=go/walkacross）thebridge過橋7、lieonthegrass躺在草地上8、overthere在那邊9、ontheleft/right在左/右邊10、ontheleft/rightof……在……的左/右邊onone’sleft/right在某人的左/右邊11、walkpastthehouse走過那幢房子12、atthecornerof在…..拐彎處inthecorner在角落13、plentyoffood充足的食物四、句型歸納1、SunshineZooisnorthofSunshineMiddleSchool.2、Isitfarawayfromourschool?3、Gostraighton,andyou’llfindthePandaHouse.4、Turnleft,andtothewestoftheLion’sArea,you’llfindtheWorldofBirds.5、Theflowersareinfrontoftheshop.6、Myparentswillprepareplentyoffoodanddrinksforus.7、Wewillhaveabigdinnerat/in…8、Walkpastthehouse,turnleftandwalkalongthepathnexttotheriver.9、Thisisthewaytomyhome.易錯題分析易錯題分析語法部分：單項選擇1.—

How

was

________

dinner

at

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house?

—

It

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great.

Sandy’s

mum

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______

excellent

cook.

A.

a,

theB.

the,

anC.

the,

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a,

an

2.—What

do

you

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______idea

of

taking

part

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‘Earth

Hour’？—Wonderful!

I’ve

never

heard

of

______one!

We

can

reduce

pollution

in

this

way.

an;

the

better B.

the;

a

better C.

an;

a

better D.

the;

the

best3.---Who's_______womaninblue,doyouknow?---Oh,she's_______friendofAnna's.A.the;a B.an;the C.a;the D.the;an4.─HasTimgot______firstplaceintherace?─No,hehasn’t.Buthewillhave______secondtry.A.a;the B.the;the C.a,aD.the,a5.TheboyaskedhismotherwhetherFranceis______Europeancountry.A.an B./ C.a D.the6.—Doyouknow_______maninabrownsweateroverthere?—Yes.Heis________officeworkerofHaianHotel.A.an;aB.the;the C.a;the D.the;an7.Ifyoubuy________MP4playerinourstore,youcangetawatchfor________free.A.a;/B.an;theC.an;/ D.the;the【答案】BBADCDC1.Over10,000runnersjoinedahalfandaminimarathonsinXianlin,Nanjing________May7,2017.A.in B.on C.at D.by2.WhenIwalkedthesouthsideofthesquare，IhappenedtomeetourEnglishteacher.A.acrossB.aroundC.throughD.along3.Noraopenedthebox.Tohersurprise，______wasagoldwatch.A.outside B.inside C.beside D.behind4.WealllikewatchingtheTVprogrammeReaders_______Saturdayevening.A.inB.onC.at D.for5.Musicisabridge______theEastandtheWest.A.inB.atC.amongD.between6.—Areyouready?We’llgooutforapicnic____threeo’clock.—OK!I’mcoming.A.inB.afterC.forD.since7.FacebookisoneofthemostpopularwebsitesinBritain______overtwenty-fivemillionusers.A.of B.for C.with D.by8.It’snice____Tomtotellmethenewsbecauseit’sveryimportantme.for,of Bof,to C.for,to D.of,of9.Mostpeopleare______buildingapaperfactorynearhere.Theyareworriedthattheriverwillgetpolluted.A.for B.with C.against D.beyond10.Weliverighthere.Look!Myuncle’shouseis_________ours.A.inthefrontofB.infrontofC.atthebackofD.over11.Ilikethepictures_____thewall.A.onB.inC.atD.to【答案】BDBBDBCBCBA詞匯句型部分：單項選擇()1.Thereis______“u”and___________“l(fā)”intheword“umbrella”.A.a,a B.an,an C.a,an D.an,a()2.Thebusstopped______thetrafficlights.A.for B.on C.at D.in()3.Nobusescomepasthere.Hehasto_______there_______hisbicycle.A.goto,by B.go,by C.goto,on D.go,on()4._______thesecondturningontheright.A.Take B.Turn C.Walk D.Go()5.Wouldyoulike_______acupoftea?

A.drink

B.todrink

C.drinking

D.todrinking()6.Itmymotherhalfanhourtotheshoppingmall.A.spends;walking B.takes;towalkC.spends;towalkD.takes;walking()7.Wearelookingforward________afilmnextweek.A.tosee B.toseeing C.forseeing D.seeing()8.There_afashionshowinSunshineSecondarySchoolnextFridayevening.A.isgoingto B.willhave C.isgoingtohaveD.willbe()9.Youcangetthere_______.A.byunderground B.takeundergroundC.byanundergroundD.takeanunderground()10.Idon’tlikethisshirt.Wouldyoupleaseshowme_______one? A.other B.theother C.theothers D.another()11.Couldyoutellme________SunshineShoppingMall?A. thewayof B.howtogoC.thewayto D.howgoto()12.Why_______athomeandwatchTV?A.don’tstay B.notstaying C.don’tyoustayD.nottostay()13.There’s_______juiceinthekitchen.Pleasegoandbuysome.A.alittle B.few C.much D.little【答案】CCDABBBDADCCD二、詞匯拼寫1.Thereisalwaysmuch(交通)onthecityroads.2.Ourteachertoldusthat(聲音)cannottravelasfastaslight.3.Jimsitsinthe(角)oftheclassroom,ontherightside.4.Iamluckytohaveabedroomofmy____________(我自己).5.Sunshineschoolis（西南）ofthepark6.I’mhappyto____________(邀請)youtoourparty.7.The(橋梁)makepeoplecrosstheriverseasily.8.Youcantakethe(第三)turningonyourright.9.Look!Who(躺)onthegrassoverthere?10.Thelightisred.Youcan't(過)theroad.11.Shanghaiistothe（東南）ofNanjing.12.It’seasytogetlostinthe（森林）,therearetoomanytalltreesinit.13.Wewereverytiredafterthelongbus（旅游）toYunnan.14.Theboywantstobea（國王）whenhegrowsup.15.Isthere（足夠的）offoodinthefridge?16.Heoftenwalks(經(jīng)過)myhousewhenhegoeshome.17.---Is_____________(人人)here?---No,Tomisillathome.18.It's(相當(dāng))coldinwinterinmyhometown.19._____________(長頸鹿)arelovelyandkindanimalswithlongnecks.20.Don't____________(忘記)tocallyourmother,sheisworryingaboutyou.21.Lindastayeduplateand_______（準(zhǔn)備）herselfforthemathexamlastnight.22.Youneedtouseyourknowledge(知識)toopenthe(寶藏)box.23.____________(跟隨)theteacherinclass,oryouwon’tbegoodatyourlessons.24.Walkpastthehouse,turnleft,walkalongthe（小路）neartheriver.25.Heisgoodattellingfunnystoriesandalwaysmakeshisgrandpa_________（大笑）happily.26.—Whatareyoulookingforwardto___________（得到）,Sandy?—AlovelyBarbie.27.Itis___________（危險）forthegirlstogooutatnightalone.28.The___________（樹葉）turnyellowwhenautumncomes.29.Ifyouwanttogotothecinema,turnrightatthethird_____________（十字路口）30.Herearesomebeautifulskirtsof____________（他們的）.31.Weallhopetohavea_______（旅行）toNanjingsomeday.32.Mostofthebirdsgotothe(南部)tospendthecoldwinter.33.Please________（記住）totakeeverything.Maybewewillneedthemlater.34.Anoldfriendof_________(我的)iscomingtoseeme.35.Wefeelsorryforthoseanimalsin_______（籠子）．36.Justgo_______（徑直）alongtheroadandyou'llseethebookshoponyourleft.37.Icanbuysome_______（明信片）intheshoppingmall.38.-Canyoutellmethewaytothe_______（銀行）?-Yes,goalongthisstreetandyou'llfinditonyourright39.Look!Theoldmanis_______（穿過）theroad.40.-Whatdopandasliketoeat?-Theyliketoeat_______（竹子）.41.Whata_____________(有趣的)storyyoutold!We’dliketolistenagain.42.Takethefirst____________（轉(zhuǎn)彎處）ontheleft,andyou’llfindthepostoffice.43.---Where’sthebox?---It’sunderth