Unit4JourneyacrossavastlandDiscoverusefulstructures課件高中英語(yǔ)人教版選擇性

Unit4JourneyacrossaVastLand

Discoverusefulstructures過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)及用法主動(dòng)被動(dòng)用法動(dòng)詞-ing形式一般式完成式一般式完成式主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√過(guò)去分詞done

√√√√1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的差異Iwassurprisedatthenews.(系表)Iwasbroughtupbymyaunt.(被動(dòng))被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示動(dòng)作,強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者可以由by引出。作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài),相當(dāng)于形容詞的作用這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過(guò)去分詞前可加quite、very、rather等修飾詞。一、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞done作表語(yǔ)用法歸納Heisterrifying.(指他令人害怕)Heisterrified.(指他感到害怕)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.(狗受到了驚嚇)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.(狗是令人害怕的)當(dāng)表示主語(yǔ)處于某種狀態(tài),即“感到/覺(jué)得……”時(shí),表語(yǔ)要使用過(guò)去分詞;而要表示主語(yǔ)具有“令人/使別人感到……”的特征/性質(zhì)時(shí),表語(yǔ)使用現(xiàn)在分詞2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別用法歸納2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別含有情感意義的成對(duì)分詞列表interesting使人感到高興

interested感到高興的excitingexciteddelighting令人高興的delighteddisappointingdisappointed

encouragingencouraged

pleasingpleasedpuzzlingpuzzled

satisfyingsatisfied即時(shí)訓(xùn)練1用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Wewere___________attheresultofthe

experiment,becauseitwasabittoo_______________.(disappoint)②Thenewswas__________andtheywereall__________atit.(excite)③Weallfelt_____________atthe_____________

news.(encourage)④Theaudiencewereall________totearsby

the__________film.(move)disappointeddisappointingexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingmovedmovingPastparticiple-edPresentparticiple-ing做表語(yǔ)表示人或物的心情或狀態(tài)等，意為：________表示人或物自身特征，意為：__________作狀語(yǔ)與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是____________，往往表示完成與邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是________，往往表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行Summarize感到……令人……被動(dòng)主動(dòng)關(guān)系關(guān)系1.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)

Seenfromthetopofthehill,theschoollookslikeabiggarden.Givenmoreattention,thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.Encouragedbytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.Leftaloneathome,Jennydidn’tfeelafraidatall.二、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞done作狀語(yǔ)用法歸納過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞在句中可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、讓步狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)或方式狀語(yǔ)。Seenfromthesky,ourcityisverybeautiful.(ourcity與see之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系)Seeingitfromthesky,wefindourcityisverybeautiful.(we與see之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系)2.過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)一致。使用哪種分詞,取決于分詞表示的動(dòng)作與句子主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系:被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞,主動(dòng)關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞。用法歸納done作狀語(yǔ)Attention?Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.(Para.2)?Lookingatthebeautifulscenery,theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesomejourneytheyhadevertaken.(Para.2)狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)被動(dòng)關(guān)系群山和森林作為“物”是“被看到”的主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)關(guān)系they指“人”，人是動(dòng)作“看”的主體即時(shí)訓(xùn)練2用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①__________(find)thecoursevery

difficult,

shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.②Time,_________(use)correctly,is

moneyinthebank.③__________(use)thebook,Ifindituseful.④____________(hear)thejoke,Icouldn'thelp

laughing.FindingusedUsingHearing

3.過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)的用法

過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)的用法過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)，一般在句子中表示時(shí)間、讓步、條件、原因、方式、伴隨和結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，且與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。1.作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句?？稍谶^(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確Seen

fromthetopofthehill,thetownlooks

morebeautiful.=Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,the

townlooksmorebeautiful.從山頂往下看，這座城鎮(zhèn)看起來(lái)更加漂亮。2.作原因狀語(yǔ)

相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegan

tocry.=Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythe

story,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被故事深深地感動(dòng)，孩子們開(kāi)始哭了起來(lái)。3.作條件狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于條件狀語(yǔ)從句?？杉舆B詞if，unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語(yǔ)從句。Given

moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoit

muchbetter.多給我們，點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好4.作讓步狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)可加although，though,evenif,eventhough,whetheror等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。Defeated

byhisopponent,henevergaveup

anyhope.=Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,

henevergaveupanyhope.盡管被對(duì)手擊敗，但是他從來(lái)沒(méi)放棄希望。5.作方式和伴隨狀語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Thepresidentofthecompanycmetoth

factory,followedbysomeworkers.=Thepresidentofthecompanycametoth

factoryandhewasfollowedbysomeorker公司總經(jīng)理在幾位工人的陪同下來(lái)到工廠?！緫?yīng)用實(shí)踐】(1)_______intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.FoundingB.FoundedC.FoundD.Itwasfounded(2)

When_____forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.heaskingC.askedD.heasked(3)______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UsedB.UsingC.ItisusedD.Itisusing√√√過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作條件、原因及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句末；作方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在句末，有時(shí)也放在句首；作讓步狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般放在句首，有時(shí)也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill,Li

Leihurriedhome

quickly.得知母親生病了，李雷迅速趕回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.老人在兒子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。4.過(guò)去分詞（短語(yǔ)）作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)在句中的位置Givenachance,wecansurprisetheworld.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.(2)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致(動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)同樣如此)，否則需加上自己的主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。溫馨提示(1)過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，前面可帶有連詞，如:when,while,if,though,asif,unless,until等，以使句意表達(dá)得更清楚。Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)一致邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)不一致Thereisanicepicture_________(hang)onthewall.

1.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)(與現(xiàn)在分詞的比較)三、動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞done作定語(yǔ)

過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其表示的動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間一般為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,而

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其表示的動(dòng)作與被修飾詞之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。用法歸納hanging2.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)(與現(xiàn)在分詞的比較)done作定語(yǔ)

單個(gè)的分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),形容表情或者是人的感受用過(guò)去分詞;形容事/物用

現(xiàn)在分詞。用法歸納Hisexcited

expressionsuggestedthathehadgotexciting

marks.PracticeandApply(1)即學(xué)即練P41PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamazeThegirlswere___________toseesuchanopencountry.即學(xué)即練amazed修飾感到驚訝的姑娘們看到如此廣袤的國(guó)家甚為驚訝。這些農(nóng)場(chǎng)面積之大令人驚訝。Thefarmcoveredaverylargearea,whichwas__________.amazing修飾令人驚訝的表語(yǔ)PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamaze2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.即學(xué)即練frightening修飾獨(dú)自一人進(jìn)入荒野令人害怕。你一個(gè)人進(jìn)入荒野感到害怕嗎？

Doyoufeel________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frightened修飾令人害怕的表語(yǔ)感到害怕的PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamaze_______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.即學(xué)即練Seen景色被人從山頂上看到從山頂往下望，景色令人著迷。我在山頂看風(fēng)景，被秋天絢爛的色彩深深吸引。_______thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolours.Seeing人從山頂看風(fēng)景狀語(yǔ)被動(dòng)關(guān)系主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)關(guān)系PracticeandApply(1)即學(xué)即練________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany—_______byitsnewmanager—staredtomakeaprofit.HeadingseefrightenheadamazeHeaded主動(dòng)關(guān)系被動(dòng)關(guān)系狀語(yǔ)往東，你會(huì)經(jīng)過(guò)加拿大落基山脈。最終，在新經(jīng)理的帶領(lǐng)下，公司開(kāi)始盈利。PracticeandApply(2)即學(xué)即練excitesatisfytireboreP41PracticeandApply(2)即學(xué)即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy1.Webecame________whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsinFinland.Weexpectedtoexperiencealotof_______thingsthere.想到芬蘭那些美麗的地方我們激動(dòng)起來(lái)。我們期待在那里檢驗(yàn)很多令人激動(dòng)的事情。excitedexciting感到激動(dòng)的令人激動(dòng)的做表語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)PracticeandApply(2)即學(xué)即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy2.Wewenttobedassoonaswearrivedatthehotelbecausewewereso_______.Theeight–hourtrainridewasquite________.由于疲乏，我們一到賓館就上床休息了。長(zhǎng)達(dá)八個(gè)小時(shí)的火車(chē)行程令人疲憊不堪。tiredtiring感到累的令人疲倦的做表語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)PracticeandApply(2)即學(xué)即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy3.

I

was

not

_________withthehotel.ItwasnotascleanasIexpected.Butwehada________mealatthehotel’srestaurant,soIfeltabitbetterlateron.我對(duì)這家賓館不滿(mǎn)意，它的衛(wèi)生狀況沒(méi)有達(dá)到我的預(yù)期。不過(guò)我們?cè)谫e館餐廳吃的那頓飯令人滿(mǎn)意，因此后來(lái)我感覺(jué)好一些了。satisfiedsatisfying感到滿(mǎn)意的做表語(yǔ)令人滿(mǎn)意的做定語(yǔ)PracticeandApply(2)即學(xué)即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy4.Itwasraininghardthenextday,sowejuststayedinthehotelandwatchTV.Sadly,theTVprogrammesthatdaywere_______.Aswehadnothingelsetodo,wefeltpretty_______.第二天下起了大雨，因此我們只是帶在賓館看電視。不幸的是，當(dāng)天的電視節(jié)目索然無(wú)趣。我們無(wú)所事事，感覺(jué)百無(wú)聊賴(lài)。令人厭煩的做表語(yǔ)boringbored感到厭煩的做表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)以及被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法1.Whenheheardthe

story,hewasdeeply

.(move)

2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).

3.Thegirlswere

toseesuchanopencountry.(amaze)4.Weallfelt

atthe

news.(encourage)

5.

(impress)bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.

6.Thenewswas

andtheywereall

atit.(excite)7.Theaudiencewereall________totearsbythe__________film.(move)8..Oneofthewindowsis_________(broke).9..Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.10.Shewas_________(surprise)tofindthefridgeempty.movingmoved

disappointed

encouragedencouraging

Impressedexcitingexcited

基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)（4.12作業(yè)）brokenpuzzledsurprisedmovedmovingamazed1.___________(hear)thenews,sheburstintotears.2._________(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood．3._______(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.4.TsinghuaUniversity,_______(found)in1911,ishometoagrea