Unit4JourneyacrossavastlandDiscoverusefulstructures課件高中英語人教版選擇性

Unit4JourneyacrossaVastLand

Discoverusefulstructures過去分詞和動詞-ing形式作表語和狀語語態(tài)及用法主動被動用法動詞-ing形式一般式完成式一般式完成式主語賓語表語定語狀語補語doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone√√√√√√過去分詞done

√√√√1.過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的差異Iwassurprisedatthenews.(系表)Iwasbroughtupbymyaunt.(被動)被動語態(tài)表示動作,強調(diào)被動關(guān)系,絕大多數(shù)被動結(jié)構(gòu)中的行為執(zhí)行者可以由by引出。作表語用的過去分詞表示主語的特點或所處的狀態(tài),相當于形容詞的作用這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的過去分詞前可加quite、very、rather等修飾詞。一、動詞過去分詞done作表語用法歸納Heisterrifying.(指他令人害怕)Heisterrified.(指他感到害怕)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightened.(狗受到了驚嚇)Pleasedescribeadogthatisfrightening.(狗是令人害怕的)當表示主語處于某種狀態(tài),即“感到/覺得……”時,表語要使用過去分詞;而要表示主語具有“令人/使別人感到……”的特征/性質(zhì)時,表語使用現(xiàn)在分詞2.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別用法歸納2.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作表語的區(qū)別含有情感意義的成對分詞列表interesting使人感到高興

interested感到高興的excitingexciteddelighting令人高興的delighteddisappointingdisappointed

encouragingencouraged

pleasingpleasedpuzzlingpuzzled

satisfyingsatisfied即時訓(xùn)練1用所給詞的適當形式填空①Wewere___________attheresultofthe

experiment,becauseitwasabittoo_______________.(disappoint)②Thenewswas__________andtheywereall__________atit.(excite)③Weallfelt_____________atthe_____________

news.(encourage)④Theaudiencewereall________totearsby

the__________film.(move)disappointeddisappointingexcitingexcitedencouragedencouragingmovedmovingPastparticiple-edPresentparticiple-ing做表語表示人或物的心情或狀態(tài)等，意為：________表示人或物自身特征，意為：__________作狀語與邏輯主語之間是____________，往往表示完成與邏輯主語之間是________，往往表示動作正在進行Summarize感到……令人……被動主動關(guān)系關(guān)系1.過去分詞(短語)作狀語

Seenfromthetopofthehill,theschoollookslikeabiggarden.Givenmoreattention,thefirecouldhavebeenavoided.Encouragedbytheteacher,thegirlwasveryhappy.Leftaloneathome,Jennydidn’tfeelafraidatall.二、動詞過去分詞done作狀語用法歸納過去分詞作狀語時,其表示的動作與句子的主語之間為邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。過去分詞在句中可以作時間狀語

、原因狀語、條件狀語、讓步狀語、伴隨狀語或方式狀語。Seenfromthesky,ourcityisverybeautiful.(ourcity與see之間是被動關(guān)系)Seeingitfromthesky,wefindourcityisverybeautiful.(we與see之間是主動關(guān)系)2.過去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的區(qū)別分詞在句子中作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。使用哪種分詞,取決于分詞表示的動作與句子主語之間的關(guān)系:被動關(guān)系用過去分詞,主動關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞。用法歸納done作狀語Attention?Seenfromthetrainwindow,themountainsandforestsofCanadalookedmassive.(Para.2)?Lookingatthebeautifulscenery,theybothagreedthatitwasthemostawesomejourneytheyhadevertaken.(Para.2)狀語狀語主語被動關(guān)系群山和森林作為“物”是“被看到”的主語主動關(guān)系they指“人”，人是動作“看”的主體即時訓(xùn)練2用所給詞的適當形式填空①__________(find)thecoursevery

difficult,

shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.②Time,_________(use)correctly,is

moneyinthebank.③__________(use)thebook,Ifindituseful.④____________(hear)thejoke,Icouldn'thelp

laughing.FindingusedUsingHearing

3.過去分詞（短語）作狀語的用法

過去分詞（短語）作狀語的用法過去分詞（短語）作狀語，一般在句子中表示時間、讓步、條件、原因、方式、伴隨和結(jié)果，相當于個狀語從句。其邏輯主語為主句的主語，且與其邏輯主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的被動關(guān)系。1.作時間狀語相當于時間狀語從句?？稍谶^去分詞前加上連詞“when,while,until”等，使其時間意義更明確Seen

fromthetopofthehill,thetownlooks

morebeautiful.=Whenitisseenfromthetopofthehill,the

townlooksmorebeautiful.從山頂往下看，這座城鎮(zhèn)看起來更加漂亮。2.作原因狀語

相當于原因狀語從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Deeplymovedbythestory,thechildrenbegan

tocry.=Becausetheyweredeeplymovedbythe

story,thechildrenbegantocry.由于被故事深深地感動，孩子們開始哭了起來。3.作條件狀語相當于條件狀語從句?？杉舆B詞if，unless等轉(zhuǎn)換成條件狀語從句。Given

moretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.=Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoit

muchbetter.多給我們，點時間，我們會做得更好4.作讓步狀語相當于讓步狀語從句。有時可加although，though,evenif,eventhough,whetheror等連詞轉(zhuǎn)換成讓步狀語從句。Defeated

byhisopponent,henevergaveup

anyhope.=Althoughhewasdefeatedbyhisopponent,

henevergaveupanyhope.盡管被對手擊敗，但是他從來沒放棄希望。5.作方式和伴隨狀語相當于and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。Thepresidentofthecompanycmetoth

factory,followedbysomeworkers.=Thepresidentofthecompanycametoth

factoryandhewasfollowedbysomeorker公司總經(jīng)理在幾位工人的陪同下來到工廠?！緫?yīng)用實踐】(1)_______intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren'sloveofart.A.FoundingB.FoundedC.FoundD.Itwasfounded(2)

When_____forhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditveryinterestingandrewarding.A.askingB.heaskingC.askedD.heasked(3)______withcare,onetinwilllastforsixweeks.A.UsedB.UsingC.ItisusedD.Itisusing√√√過去分詞（短語）作條件、原因及時間狀語時，通常放在句首；作伴隨、結(jié)果狀語時，通常放在句末；作方式狀語時，一般放在句末，有時也放在句首；作讓步狀語時，一般放在句首，有時也放在句末。Toldthathismotherwasill,Li

Leihurriedhome

quickly.得知母親生病了，李雷迅速趕回了家。Theoldmanwalkedintotheroom,supportedbyhisson.老人在兒子的攙扶下走進了房間。4.過去分詞（短語）作狀語時在句中的位置Givenachance,wecansurprisetheworld.Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.(2)過去分詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致(動詞-ing形式作狀語同樣如此)，否則需加上自己的主語，構(gòu)成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。溫馨提示(1)過去分詞作狀語時，有時為了強調(diào)，前面可帶有連詞，如:when,while,if,though,asif,unless,until等，以使句意表達得更清楚。Unlessconstantlyrepeated,theEnglishwordsareeasilyforgotten.邏輯主語與句子主語一致邏輯主語與句子主語不一致Thereisanicepicture_________(hang)onthewall.

1.過去分詞作定語(與現(xiàn)在分詞的比較)三、動詞過去分詞done作定語

過去分詞作定語時,其表示的動作與被修飾詞之間一般為被動關(guān)系,而

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時,其表示的動作與被修飾詞之間為主動關(guān)系。用法歸納hanging2.過去分詞作定語(與現(xiàn)在分詞的比較)done作定語

單個的分詞作定語時,形容表情或者是人的感受用過去分詞;形容事/物用

現(xiàn)在分詞。用法歸納Hisexcited

expressionsuggestedthathehadgotexciting

marks.PracticeandApply(1)即學即練P41PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamazeThegirlswere___________toseesuchanopencountry.即學即練amazed修飾感到驚訝的姑娘們看到如此廣袤的國家甚為驚訝。這些農(nóng)場面積之大令人驚訝。Thefarmcoveredaverylargearea,whichwas__________.amazing修飾令人驚訝的表語PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamaze2.Goingintothewildernessalonecanbe___________.即學即練frightening修飾獨自一人進入荒野令人害怕。你一個人進入荒野感到害怕嗎？

Doyoufeel________whengoingintothewildernessalone?frightened修飾令人害怕的表語感到害怕的PracticeandApply(1)seefrightenheadamaze_______fromthetopofthemountain,thescenerywasreallyfascinating.即學即練Seen景色被人從山頂上看到從山頂往下望，景色令人著迷。我在山頂看風景，被秋天絢爛的色彩深深吸引。_______thesceneryfromthetopofthemountain,Iwasfascinatedbytheautumncolours.Seeing人從山頂看風景狀語被動關(guān)系主語主語主動關(guān)系PracticeandApply(1)即學即練________eastwards,youwillpasstheCanadianRockies.Finally,thecompany—_______byitsnewmanager—staredtomakeaprofit.HeadingseefrightenheadamazeHeaded主動關(guān)系被動關(guān)系狀語往東，你會經(jīng)過加拿大落基山脈。最終，在新經(jīng)理的帶領(lǐng)下，公司開始盈利。PracticeandApply(2)即學即練excitesatisfytireboreP41PracticeandApply(2)即學即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy1.Webecame________whenthinkingaboutthosebeautifullocationsinFinland.Weexpectedtoexperiencealotof_______thingsthere.想到芬蘭那些美麗的地方我們激動起來。我們期待在那里檢驗很多令人激動的事情。excitedexciting感到激動的令人激動的做表語做定語PracticeandApply(2)即學即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy2.Wewenttobedassoonaswearrivedatthehotelbecausewewereso_______.Theeight–hourtrainridewasquite________.由于疲乏，我們一到賓館就上床休息了。長達八個小時的火車行程令人疲憊不堪。tiredtiring感到累的令人疲倦的做表語做表語PracticeandApply(2)即學即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy3.

I

was

not

_________withthehotel.ItwasnotascleanasIexpected.Butwehada________mealatthehotel’srestaurant,soIfeltabitbetterlateron.我對這家賓館不滿意，它的衛(wèi)生狀況沒有達到我的預(yù)期。不過我們在賓館餐廳吃的那頓飯令人滿意，因此后來我感覺好一些了。satisfiedsatisfying感到滿意的做表語令人滿意的做定語PracticeandApply(2)即學即練

boreexcitetiresatisfy4.Itwasraininghardthenextday,sowejuststayedinthehotelandwatchTV.Sadly,theTVprogrammesthatdaywere_______.Aswehadnothingelsetodo,wefeltpretty_______.第二天下起了大雨，因此我們只是帶在賓館看電視。不幸的是，當天的電視節(jié)目索然無趣。我們無所事事，感覺百無聊賴。令人厭煩的做表語boringbored感到厭煩的做表語動詞過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語以及被動語態(tài)的用法1.Whenheheardthe

story,hewasdeeply

.(move)

2.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,andsomeofthemlookedveryanxiousand

(disappoint).

3.Thegirlswere

toseesuchanopencountry.(amaze)4.Weallfelt

atthe

news.(encourage)

5.

(impress)bythebeautifulscenery,Iforgottogobackhomeintime.

6.Thenewswas

andtheywereall

atit.(excite)7.Theaudiencewereall________totearsbythe__________film.(move)8..Oneofthewindowsis_________(broke).9..Helooked________(puzzle)soIrepeatedthequestion.10.Shewas_________(surprise)tofindthefridgeempty.movingmoved

disappointed

encouragedencouraging

Impressedexcitingexcited

基礎(chǔ)練習（4.12作業(yè)）brokenpuzzledsurprisedmovedmovingamazed1.___________(hear)thenews,sheburstintotears.2._________(write)inahurry,thisarticlewasnotsogood．3._______(see)fromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.4.TsinghuaUniversity,_______(found)in1911,ishometoagrea