2022屆高三英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)外刊閱讀學(xué)案：科技話題

高三英語(yǔ)培優(yōu)外刊閱讀外刊精選｜當(dāng)AI開(kāi)始做實(shí)驗(yàn)，未來(lái)的科學(xué)家還會(huì)是人類嗎？你能想象機(jī)器人“拿”著試管做實(shí)驗(yàn)嗎？最近，卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)正嘗試將這一想象付諸實(shí)踐：它將與一家初創(chuàng)公司合作，讓人工智能走到實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái)前，替科研人員完成部分工作。已經(jīng)與人類生活方方面面緊密相連的人工智能，可以在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)領(lǐng)域擔(dān)起什么樣的責(zé)任？當(dāng)人工智能走進(jìn)科學(xué)，未來(lái)的科學(xué)家還會(huì)局限于人類嗎？CarnegieMellon'sCloudLabtoAutomateLabor-IntensiveScienceExperimentsBySaraCastellanosCarnegieMellonUniversityisworkingwithstartupEmeraldCloudLabInc.tobuilda$40millionsciencelaboratorydesignedtoautomatelabexperimentswithroboticsandartificialintelligence.Thegoalistofreeuptheuniversity'sresearchers,includingchemists,biomedicalengineersandbiologists,todomoreofthecreativeanalysisandstrategicthinkingrelatedtothedevelopmentofnewmaterialsanddrugs.EmeraldCloudLab,afive-year-oldcompany,offersscientistsremoteaccesstoabout190differenttypesofscientificinstrumentsatitsSouthSanFranciscolab.MostoftheinstrumentsatCMU'sCloudLabwillemploymachine-learningtechniquesandanetworkofsensors.ThesensorswillgatherdatafromtheinstrumentsandAIalgorithmswillrunanalysis,suchasfiguringoutthevolumeofliquidinasample.AteamofCarnegieMellonUniversityresearchersisdevelopingAIsystemsforthemachinesthatcanautomaticallysuggestwaystocalibratetheequipmentforoptimaltests.Forexample,anAIsystemcouldsuggestthebestwaytopurifyamixtureofcompounds,andmachinesinthelabwouldcarryoutthoseinstructionsautomatically.Abroaderculturalshiftmustoccurbeforeautomationbecomeswidelyadoptedinscience,afieldthathastraditionallyreliedonmanualwork.Automationcanspeedupresearch,butthereisalearningcurveassociatedwiththeprocess.Researcherswillneedtoberetrainedtomakeitwork.【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.automate[???t?me?t]vt._______________________2.intensive[?n?tens?v]adj._______________________3.startup[?stɑ?t?p]n._______________________4.Inc.[??k]abbr._______________________5.chemist[?kem?st]n._______________________6.biomedicalengineern._______________________7.biologist[ba???l?d??st]n._______________________8.instrument[??nstr?m?nt]n._______________________9.employ[?m?pl??]vt._______________________10.calibrate[?k?l?bre?t]vt._______________________11.optimal[??pt?m?l]adj._______________________12.purify[?pj??r?fa?]vt._______________________13.compound[?k?mpa?nd]n._______________________14.instruction[?n?str?k?n]n._______________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請(qǐng)從文章中找到下面中文相對(duì)應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.機(jī)器人和人工智能技術(shù)____________________________________________2.釋放出來(lái)____________________________________________3.機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)____________________________________________4.進(jìn)行解析____________________________________________5.找到某事的答案____________________________________________6.學(xué)習(xí)曲線____________________________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解In“therepairshop”,aBritishtelevisionseries,craftsmen(工匠)mendfamilyheirlooms(傳家寶)thatviewershavebroughttotheirworkshop.Theattractioncomesfromwatchingthemapplytheircrafttorestoretheseheirloomsandtheemotionalappealfromthetearsthatfollowwhentheownerispresentedwiththebeautifullyrestoredheirlooms.Perhapstheideaofcraftsmanshipisnotsimplynostalgic(懷舊的).InanewpaperintheAcademyofManagement,fiveacademicsexaminetheideaofcraftsasawayofremakingtheorganizationofwork.Theydefinecraftas“ahumanistapproachtoworkthatprioritizeshumanengagementovermachinecontrol”.Craftsrequiredistinctskills,anall-roundapproachtoworkthatinvolvesthewholeproductandanattitudethatnecessitatesdevotiontothejobandafocusonthecommunalinterest.Theconceptofcraftemphasizesthehumantouchandindividualjudgment.Essentially,thecraftsconceptseemstorunagainstthemanagementstudieswhichhavelongprioritizedefficiencyandconsistency.Therearetwopotentialmarketsforthosewhopractisecrafts.Thefirstcomesfromtheconsumerswhoarewillingtopayanextrapriceforgoodsconsideredtobeofextraquality.Thismarketstretchesallthewaydownfromdesignerfashionthroughcraftbeerstobakeriesofferingloavesmadebyhand.Thesecondmarketliesinthoseconsumerswhowishtousetheirpurchasestosupportlocalworkers,ortoreducetheirenvironmentalimpactbytakinggoodstocraftspeopletobemended,orrecycled.Forworkers,theappealofcraftsmanshipisthatitallowsthemtheautonomytomakecreativechoices,andthusmakesajobfarmoresatisfying.Inthatsense,itcouldofferhopefortheoveralllabormarket.Letthemachinesautomatedullandrepetitivetasksandletworkersfocuspurelyontheirskills,judgmentandimagination.Asacurrentexample,theacademicscitetheagilemanifesto(敏捷軟件開(kāi)發(fā)宣言)inthesoftwaresector,anindustryattheheartoftechnologicalchange.Thepioneersbehindtheoriginalagilemanifestopromisedtoprioritize“individualsandinteractionsoverprocessesandtools”.Bybringingtogetherexpertsfromdifferentteams,agileworkingisdesignedtoimprovecreativity.Butthebroaderquestioniswhethercraftscancreatealotmorejobsthantheydotoday.Demandforcraftedproductsmayrisebutwillitbeeasytoretrainworkersinsectorsthatmightgetautomated(suchastruckdrivers)totakeadvantage?Historyalsosuggeststhatthelinkbetweencraftsandcreativityisnotautomatic.Youngcraftsmenareexpectedtospendlongperiodsasjourneymenbeforetheycouldsetupontheirown;bythattimetheinnovativespiritmayhavebeenknockedoutofthem.Craftworkerscanthriveinthemodernera,butonlyiftheydon’tgettooorganized.9.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutcraft?A.Itemphasizestheimportanceofmarketing. B.Itslowstheexpansionofpotentialmarkets.C.Itgeneratesgreaterefficiencyandconsistency. D.Itrequirescomprehensiveunderstandingofwork.10.The“agilemanifesto”ismentionedtoshow________.A.thecompetitioninthelabormarket B.thebenefitofcraftsmanshiptoworkersC.theadvantageofmechanicalautomation D.theimportanceofsoftwareintechnologicalchange11.Inthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorintendstoexpress________.A.anxietyoverthelossofcrafts B.concernfortheprospectofcraftsC.disappointmentwithcraftworkers D.expectationoftheriseincraftproduction12.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheEmotionalAppeal—CraftsandRestorationB.TheHumanistApproach—CraftsandInnovationC.TheHumanTouch—CraftsandtheFutureofWorkD.TheEfficiencyWar—CraftsandMass-producedProducts外刊精選答案【詞匯過(guò)關(guān)】請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.automate[???t?me?t]vt.使自動(dòng)化2.intensive[?n?tens?v]adj.密集的3.startup[?stɑ?t?p]n.創(chuàng)業(yè)公司4.Inc.[??k]abbr.股份有限公司5.chemist[?kem?st]n.化學(xué)家6.biomedicalengineern.生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程師7.biologist[ba???l?d??st]n.生物學(xué)家8.instrument[??nstr?m?nt]n.科學(xué)儀器，儀表；樂(lè)器；手段，工具9.employ[?m?pl??]vt.運(yùn)用，使用；雇傭10.calibrate[?k?l?bre?t]vt.調(diào)試11.optimal[??pt?m?l]adj.最適宜的，盡可能優(yōu)化的12.purify[?pj??r?fa?]vt.去除雜質(zhì)13.compound[?k?mpa?nd]n.化合物14.in