2022年1月上海市春季高考英語仿真試卷（四）（解析版）

PAGE2/22022年1月全國普通高等學校招生統(tǒng)一考試上海春考英語仿真模擬試卷（四）ListeningSectionA（第1-10題,每題1分；第11-20題，每題1.5分；共25分）SectionADirections:InSectionyouwilltenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersondecidewhichisthebestanswertothequestionyouhave1.A.Book.B.Men'ssuits.C.BagsD.Women'sshoes2.A.Thewomancan'tfillouttheformattemomentB.Thewomancan'ttakeavacationnextmonth.C.Thewomanshouldmakearequestfirst,D.Thewomanshouldhavetoldhimearlier.3.A.Heisbusywritingreport B.HehastodropinonareporterC.Heisnowattendingameeting. D.Hewillmeetthemanlaterinthemorning4.A.Goswimming. B.Climbmountains.C.Buyanewjacket. D.Watchtheweatherforecast.5.A.Themandidn'texpectthewomantobeagreatwriterB.ThewomanhastakenmanypicturesatthecontestC.Thewomanisanexperiencedphotographer.D.Themanisextremelyfondoftraveling.6.A.ItstartedtorainwhenshewasatthebeachB.Theforecastcallsformoreraintomorrow.C.She'dlikethemantogotothebeachwithher.D.Shewon'tgotothebeachtomorrowifitrains.7.A.Shedisagreeswiththeman.B.Shedoesn'tenjoylongspeeches.C.Shedidn'tknownhowlongthespeechwouldbe.D.Shedoesn'thaveastrongopinionaboutthespeaker.8.A.She'llconsidertheman'sinvitation.B.Shedoesn'thavetimetoworkinagarden.C.Shedoesn'twanttojointhegardeningclub.D.Shewasneverformallyinvitedtojoinachub.9.A.She'senjoyingthemusic. B.Themusicdoesn'tbotherher.C.ThemusicwillkeepherawakeD.Shewouldpreferadifferentstyleofmus10.A.Fewreadersagreewithhisideas.B.Veryfewpeoplehavereadhisarticle.C.Hedoesn'texpectthearticletobepublished.D.Thewomandoesn'tfullyunderstandthearticle.SectionBDirections:InSectionB.youwillheartwoshortpassagesseveralandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthem.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.Problemsforactors. B.Embarrassedactors.C.Avoidingeatinginfilms. D.Unexpectedfilmscenes12.A.Theymaybeaskedtoeaterdrinkwitchildrenoranimalsonstage.B.Childrenoranimalsmaydrawtheattentionoftheaudience.C.TheyfindsomechildrencannotsaywordsclearlyenoughD.Animalsaresometimesnoteasytodealwith.13.A.Heforgotwhotoserve.B.Hesaidthewrongword8.C.Hecutoffawholechickenleg.D.Heslippedthetrayontothefoor.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.AEuropeantradition.B.Anartmuseum.Acoastalvillage.D.Anartsfestival15.A.Somemoney.B.Theirownpaintings.C.Avisittotheirhomes.D.Achancetopaintwiththem.16.A.TherearepaintingsathomeandsculpturesinthesquareB.AntoniPrestisetuphisownartgalleryseveralyearsago.C.Almosteveryfamilyownssomepaintingsbyfamousartists.D.Theresidentsthereraisedmoneytobuildtheirdomesticmuseum.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.17.A.ShewaslongdreamingofgoingtoAfrica.B.Shedidn'tlikeworkingasatravelagentC.Shewastiredofherlifestyleatthattime.D.Shedidn'twanttotravelanymore.18.A.Shetaughtlocalstudentsthebasicsofthelanguage.B.Shetrainedlocalfarmerstomarkettheircrops.C.Shetaughtlocalchildrenaboutculture.D.Shetrainedlocalpeopletobenurses.19.A.Shewasusedtolivinginasmallhouse.B.Shecouldhardlyaffordaflatinthecity.C.Shehadsomefriendslivinginthecountry.D.Shefoundlifeinthecitytoonoisyandcrowded.20.A.DealinginAfricanfurniture.B.RaisingfundstohelpAfricanpeople.C.Workingforavolunteerorganization.D.LecturingaboutherexperienceinAfrica.【答案】1~5.BCCBA6~10.DACCA11~15.ABCDB16~20.ACBDAGrammar（每題1分；共20分）SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Awell-knownlandscapephotographerAlexanderHendersonwasborninScotlandin1831andwasthesonofasuccessfulmerchant.Hespentmuchofhischildhood___21___(play)onthebeachorfishinginthestreamsnearby.In1849hebeganathree-yearapprenticeshiptobecomeanaccountant.Althoughheneverlikedtheprospectofabusinesscareer,hestayedwithit___22___(please)hisfamily.LearningphotographyinMontrealaroundtheyear1857,Hendersonquicklytook___23___upasaseriousamateur.Later,hebecameapersonalfriendandcolleagueoftheScottishCanadianphotographerWilliamNotman.___24___theirfriendship,theirstylesofphotographywerequitedifferent.WhileNotman'slandscapes___25___(note)fortheirboldrealism,Hendersonforthefirst20yearsofhiscareerproducedromanticimages.___26___hepublishedhisfirstmajorcollectionoflandscapephotographsin1865,hegainedgreatfameforreflectingtheromanticBritishlandscapetraditioninhisworks.Thepublicationhadlimitedcirculation(onlysevencopieshaveeverbeenfound),wherethecontentsofeachcopy___27___(vary)significantlyandprovedausefulsourceforevaluatingHenderson'searlywork.In1866,hegaveuphisbusinesstoopenaphotographicstudio,___28___(advertise)himselfasportraitandlandscapephotographer.Fromabout1870hedroppedportraituretospecializeinlandscapephotographyandotherviews.Hisnumerousphotographsofcitylife___29___(reveal)instreetscenes,houses,andmarketsarealivewithhumanactivity.Therewassufficientdemandforthesetypesofscenesandothershetookdepictingthepearltrade,steamboatsandwaterfallstoenablehimtomakealiving.In1892Hendersonacceptedafull-timepositionwiththeCPRasmanagerofaphotographicdepartment___30___hewastosetupandadminister.Thatsummerhemadehistripwest,photographingextensivelyalongtherailwaylineasfarasVictoria.Hecontinuedinthispostuntil1897,whenheretiredcompletelyfromphotography.【答案】21.playing22.toplease23.it24.Despite25.werenoted26.After27.varied28.advertising29.revealed30.that/which【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了著名的風景攝影師亞歷山大·亨德森從事攝影并逐步成為攝影大師的經(jīng)歷?！?1題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他童年的大部分時間都是在海灘上玩耍或在附近的小溪里釣魚。spendtimedoingsth意為“花時間做某事”，故填playing。【22題詳解】考查不定式。句意：雖然他從來都不喜歡經(jīng)商，但為了讓家人高興，他還是選擇了經(jīng)商。經(jīng)商是為了讓家人高興，所以應用不定式作目的狀語。故填toplease。【23題詳解】考查代詞。句意：1857年左右，亨德森在蒙特利爾學習攝影，很快就成為了一名真正的業(yè)余愛好者。代指前文提到的photography（攝影）應用代詞it。故填it。【24題詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管他們成了朋友，但他們的攝影風格卻大不相同。“theirfriendship”和“theirstylesofphotographywerequitedifferent”構成轉折關系，且friendship是名詞，所以此處應用介詞despite表示“盡管”。故填Despite?！?5題詳解】考查一般過去時和固定短語。句意：雖然諾特曼的風景畫以其大膽的現(xiàn)實主義而聞名，亨德森在他職業(yè)生涯的頭20年里創(chuàng)作浪漫的攝影作品。benotedfor意為“以……聞名”，為固定短語。此處描述過去的事，應用一般過去時，主語為landscapes，故填werenoted?！?6題詳解】考查連詞。句意：1865年，他出版了第一本重要的風景攝影集后，因在作品中反映浪漫的英國風景傳統(tǒng)而名聲大噪。此處是指他出版了第一本攝影集后名聲大噪。所以應用after表示“在……之后”。故填After?！?7題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：這份出版物發(fā)行量有限(迄今只找到了七份)，每份出版物的內(nèi)容差異很大，被證明是評估亨德森早期作品的有用來源。此處描述過去的事，應用一般過去時。故填varied。【28題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：1866年，他放棄了自己的生意，開了一家攝影工作室，宣傳自己是肖像和風景攝影師。動詞advertise主語he構成主動關系，所以應用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。故填advertising。【29題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：他拍攝了大量的城市生活照片，街道場景、房屋和市場都充滿了人類的活動。動詞reveal意為“顯示”，和邏輯主語citylife構成被動關系，且動作已完成，應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填revealed。【30題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：1892年，亨德森接受了CPR的全職職位，擔任他將要建立和管理的攝影部門的經(jīng)理。定語從句“hewastosetupandadminister”中缺少賓語，且先行詞為department，所以應用關系代詞that或which。故填that/which。SectionBDirections:ineachblankwithathebox.Eachcanbeonlyonce.NotethatisoneyouA.overlookedB.alternativeC.urgeD.habituallyE.externalF.interactionG.equivalentH.significantlyI.clueJ.integratedK.infectiousHowhasitbecomethemodern__31__ofglancingatyourwatchthefurtive(偷偷的)lookataphonescreentocheckfornewmessagesorhaveaquicklookatFacebook?Researchershavenowfoundwhyweoftenfeelsuchastrong__32__toglanceatourcellphones.Usingyourmobile,theysay,is__33__.AteamfromtheUniversityofMichigansaypeoplearetwiceaslikelytopullouttheirphonestochecktheirtextmessagesoremailifthey’rewithsomeonewhohasjustdonethesame.Italsofoundthatfemalesweremorelikelytousetheirmobilethanmenbecauseitwasmore__34__intothedailylivesofwomen.Theteamwatchedstudentsindininghallsandcoffeeshopsaroundcampus,observingpairsofstudentssittingattablesforaslongas20minutesanddocumentedtheircellphoneuseat10-secondintervals.“Whatwefoundmostfascinatingwasjusthowoftenpeoplewereusingtheirmobilephones,”DrDanielKruger,thestudy’sco-author,said.“Overall,thestudentsusedtheircellphonesinanaverageof24percent,buttheywere__35__morelikelytousetheirphoneswhentheircompanionhadjustdonesointheprevious10-secondintervalthanwithoutthesocial__36__.“Cellphonescreatea(n)__37__outletforone’sattentionandmaybothpromoteandinterferewithlivesocialinteraction,”theresearcherswrote.Krugerbelievesthispatterncouldberelatedtotheeffectsofsocialinclusionandexlusion.Ifonepersoninapairengagesina(n)__38__conversationthroughtheirphone,hisorhercompanionmayfeelexcluded.Thatcompanionthenmightbecompelledtoconnectwithothersexternallysoasnottofeel__39__.Theresearchersnotethattheymightnotobservethesameresultsinastudyofdifferentcrowdsforexample,inolderadults,whomaynotusecellphonesas__40__.【答案】31-40GCKJHFBEAD【重難點詞匯和短語解析】habitually-adv.習慣性地，日常地integrateinto-prep.成為一體，融入alternative-adj.可供選擇的;n.備選項interval-n.間隔outlet-n.出口，排放口；發(fā)泄方式interferewith-prep.介入;干擾inclusion-n.包含，內(nèi)含物exclusion-n.被排除在外的事物engagein-prep.參與，從事becompelledto-prep.不得不【試題解析】31題通過詞性判斷應該是名詞，空格前面發(fā)的modern和后文的glancingatyourwatch得出選項G.equivalent,本句意思是現(xiàn)代人看手機就像以前的人看手表一樣，時不時地會去偷偷瞄兩眼。32題判斷為名詞，通過前文描寫人們會時不時地偷偷查看手機這一舉動，本句的意思是為什么我們會有如此強烈的欲望去看手機，因此選C.urge.33題的線索在第二段開頭，講到如果別人看手機，我們就更有可能掏出手機來，因此這一舉動是具有“傳染性的”，因此鎖定K.infectious.34題考查短語integrateinto-成為一體，融入。本句講的是女性比男性更長用手機，因為手機與女性的生活融為一體。35題前后銜接為weremorelikely,因此判斷此處為副詞，修飾morelikely的程度副詞significantly,“更大可能地”，因此答案選H.36題考查短語socialinteraction-社交，此線索也在下文中出現(xiàn)。本句的意思是這些被調(diào)查的大學生如果在跟別人社交但當他們的同伴在前10秒間隙內(nèi)看到別人使用手機時，而沒有跟自己有任何交流，那么自己極有可能也去看手機。37題判斷詞性為形容詞，本句意為手機為人們獲得他人的注意提供了另一種方式。因此選B.alternative.38題判定為形容詞，剩下的形容詞當中只有E.external符合本句話的意思，此處在講兩人中有一人在用電話跟別人交流，而這種交流只能是外在的，通過手機溝通。39題判定為形容詞，本句意思是看到對方看手機，而為了讓自己感到不被忽視也不得不去看手機。因此選A.overlooked.40題所在的這句話舉例了其他人群可能并非上文所說的那樣，比如老年人就不會常常用手機，表示習慣性地去做什么事，因此答案為D.habitually.ReadingComprehension(41–55題，每題1分；56–70題，每題2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.ScientistssayrecordheathascostreefhalfofcoralsTheGreatBarrierReef,oneoftheearth'smostprecioushabitats,losthalfofitscoralpopulationsinthelastquarter-century,adeclinethatresearchersinAustraliasaidwouldcontinueunlessdrasticactionistakentoreducetheeffectsofclimatechange.Colonysizesweresmaller,therewerefewer“bigmamas,"orolderlargecoralsthatproducebabycorals;andtherewerefewerofthosebabies,whicharevitaltothereefsfutureabilityto____41____."OurresultsshowtheabilityoftheGreatBarrierReeftorecover—itsresilience(恢復力)—isweakened____42____thepast,becausetherearefewerbabies,andfewerlargebreedingadults,"Dr.AndyDietzel,theleadauthorofthestudy,saidinastatement.____43____aprocessinwhichcoralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise—contributedtosleeplossesofBarrierReefin2016and2017.Thesouthernpartofthereefwasalso____44____torecord—settingtemperaturesinearly2020.Researcherscitedclimatechangeasoneofthemajor____45____ofdisturbancestoreef.“Thereisnotimeto____46____theysaidinastatement."Wemustsharplydecreasegreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible.”ResearchersweredisappointedaboutwhattheysawasalackofattentiontothestudyfromgovernmentleadersinAustralia,theworld'sbiggestcoralexporter.Thegovernmenthas____47____callstoreducecarbonemissionsevenasheatwaves,droughtandfirescontinuetorevealthecountry,ssituationofbeinghurtbyclimatechange.TheGreatBarrierReef,which____48____avastarrayofmarinelife,hasbetween300and400coralspeciesandstretchesforthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAustraliancoast."Youcan____49____seeitfromspace,"saidDeronBurkepile.aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara.Coralreefsworldwideare______50______forbillionsofdollarsistourismandprovidehabitatsforfishthatfeedclosetoonebillionpeopleontheplanet,hesaid.“Thesituationisserious,"ProfessorBurkepilesaid.Butpeopleshouldnotfeel______51______aboutthefutureofcoralreefs,hesaid,evenastheywaitforworldleaderstotakemore______52______stepstocontroltheeffectsofclimatechange.Atthelocallevel,______53______nitrogen(氮)pollution—which______54______fading—canbecontrolledbyreducingfertilizerandsewagerunoff,accordingtoastudythatProfessorBurkepileconductedwithotherresearchersathisuniversity."Theotherthingthatweneedtotakeawayisthatcoralreefsareamazingresilient,"hesaid."Ifwedon'tcontinuallydamagethem,theywill________55________.A.live B.manufacture C.return D.breedA.intermsof B.inrelationto C.incomparisonwith D.withregardtoA.Fading B.Failing C.Collapsing D.PoisoningA.accustomed B.subjected C.elevated D.adaptedA.drivers B.resources C.consequences D.aspectsA.lose B.engage C.attach D.launchA.raised B.handled C.received D.resistedA.supports B.undergoes C.survives D.accommodatesA.literally B.alternatively C.automatically D.particularlyA.responsible B.profitable C.available D.sustainableA.suspicious B.hesitant C.hopeless D.carelessA.exclusive B.aggressive C.oppressive D.excessiveA.forexample B.infact C.onthecontrary D.inturnA.strengthens B.weakens C.worsens D.exaggeratesA.inherit B.recover C.grow D.prosper【答案】41.D42.C43.A44.B45.A46.A47.D48.A49.A50.A51.C52.B53.A54.C55.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。在過去的25年里，地球上最珍貴的棲息地之一大堡礁的珊瑚數(shù)量急劇減少。澳大利亞的研究人員表示，除非采取嚴厲措施減少氣候變化的影響，否則珊瑚數(shù)量將繼續(xù)減少。研究人員也表示，人們不必太過悲觀，只要人類停止破壞，珊瑚仍然可以自行恢復?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：而幼魚的數(shù)量也減少了，這對珊瑚礁未來的繁殖能力至關重要。A.live生活；B.manufacture制造；C.return返回；D.breed繁殖。根據(jù)“becausetherearefewerbabies,andfewerlargebreedingadults”可知，幼魚的數(shù)量減少對珊瑚礁未來的繁殖能力很重要。故選D。【42題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：該研究的主要作者安迪·迪策爾博士在一份聲明中說：“我們的研究結果表明，與過去相比，大堡礁的恢復能力——它的恢復力——減弱了，因為現(xiàn)在的幼珊瑚更少，大型繁殖的成年海豚也更少?！盇.intermsof就……而言；B.inrelationto關于；C.incomparisonwith與……相比；D.withregardto至于。根據(jù)“becausetherearefewerbabies,andfewerlargebreedingadults,”可知，這里與過去相比較。故選C?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著水溫上升，珊瑚變白的過程導致了2016年和2017年大堡礁的睡眠不足。A.Fading褪色；B.Failing失?。籆.Collapsing倒塌；D.Poisoning毒害。根據(jù)“coralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise”可知，珊瑚變白是一個褪色的過程。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在2020年初，大堡礁南部也經(jīng)歷了創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫。A.accustomed習慣；B.subjected使遭受；C.elevated鼓舞；D.adapted適應。根據(jù)“_____aprocessinwhichcoralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise—contributedtosleeplossesofBarrierReefin2016and2017.”可知，大堡礁南部經(jīng)歷了創(chuàng)紀錄的高溫。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員認為，氣候變化是珊瑚礁受到干擾的主要原因之一。A.drivers驅動因素；B.resources資源；C.consequences結果；D.aspects方面。根據(jù)“____aprocessinwhichcoralsturnwhiteaswatertemperaturesrise—contributedtosleeplossesofBarrierReefin2016and2017.”可知，氣候變化是珊瑚礁受到干擾的驅動因素。故選A?！?6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們在一份聲明中說，沒有時間可以浪費了。A.lose失去；B.engage從事、參與；C.attach貼上;附上；D.launch發(fā)起。根據(jù)“Wemustsharplydecreasegreenhousegasemissionsassoonaspossible.”可知，沒有時間可以浪費了，應盡快大幅減少溫室氣體排放。故選A。【47題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管熱浪、干旱和火災不斷暴露出美國正受到氣候變化的影響，政府還是拒絕了減少碳排放的呼吁。A.raised提高；B.handled處理；C.received接受；D.resisted抵制。根據(jù)“ResearchersweredisappointedaboutwhattheysawasalackofattentiontothestudyfromgovernmentleadersinAustralia,theworld'sbiggestcoralexporter.”可知，因為政府缺乏關注，政府拒絕減少碳排放的呼吁。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：大堡礁供養(yǎng)著大量的海洋生物，擁有300到400種珊瑚，橫跨澳大利亞海岸綿延數(shù)千公里。A.supports支持，供養(yǎng)；B.undergoes經(jīng)歷；C.survives生存；D.accommodates適應。根據(jù)“hasbetween300and400coralspeciesandstretchesforthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAustraliancoast.”可知，大堡礁供養(yǎng)著大量的海洋生物。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：德隆·波克皮爾說：“你從太空都能看到它。”A.literally真正地；B.alternatively二者擇一地；C.automatically自動地；D.particularly尤其。根據(jù)“TheGreatBarrierReef,which_______avastarrayofmarinelife,hasbetween300and400coralspeciesandstretchesforthousandsofkilometersacrosstheAustraliancoast.”可知，大堡礁橫跨澳大利亞海岸綿延數(shù)千公里，所以能夠真正地從太空看到。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他說，世界各地的珊瑚礁為旅游業(yè)貢獻了數(shù)十億美元，為魚類提供棲息地，養(yǎng)活了地球上近10億人口。A.responsible負責的；B.profitable有益的；C.available可利用的；D.sustainable可持續(xù)的。beresponsiblefor對……負責。根據(jù)“andprovidehabitatsforfishthatfeedclosetoonebillionpeopleontheplanet,hesaid.”可知，珊瑚礁為旅游業(yè)做出數(shù)十億美元的貢獻。故選A。【51題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他說，人們不應該對珊瑚礁的未來感到絕望，即使他們在等待世界領導人采取更積極的措施來控制氣候變化的影響。A.suspicious可疑的；B.hesitant遲疑的；C.hopeless絕望的；D.careless粗心的。根據(jù)“evenastheywaitforworldleaderstotakemore_____stepstocontroltheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知，波克皮爾教授認為人們不應該對珊瑚礁的未來感到絕望。故選C。【52題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但他說，人們不應該對珊瑚礁的未來感到絕望，即使他們在等待世界領導人采取更積極的措施來控制氣候變化的影響。A.exclusive排外的；B.aggressive有進取心的；C.oppressive壓抑的；D.excessive過分的。根據(jù)空后“tocontroltheeffectsofclimatechange.”可知，人們在等待世界領導人采取更積極的措施來控制氣候變化的影響。。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：根據(jù)波克皮爾教授和他所在大學的其他研究人員進行的一項研究，例如在地方層面，氮污染可以通過減少化肥和污水徑流來控制，氮污染會加劇退化。A.forexample例如；B.infact事實上；C.onthecontrary相反；D.inturn輪流。根據(jù)“nitrogen(氮)pollution—which______fading—canbecontrolledbyreducingfertilizerandsewagerunoff,”可知，這里對波克皮爾教授和他所在大學的其他研究人員進行研究的舉例。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：根據(jù)波克皮爾教授和他所在大學的其他研究人員進行的一項研究，例如在地方層面，氮污染可以通過減少化肥和污水徑流來控制，氮污染會加劇退化。A.strengthens加強；B.weakens削弱；C.worsens惡化；D.exaggerates夸大。根據(jù)“canbecontrolledbyreducingfertilizerandsewagerunoff,”可知，氮污染會加劇退化。故選C。【55題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：如果我們不繼續(xù)破壞它們，它們就會恢復。A.inherit繼承；B.recover恢復；C.grow增長；D.prosper興旺。根據(jù)“"Theotherthingthatweneedtotakeawayisthatcoralreefsareamazingresilient,"hesaid.”和“Ifwedon'tcontinuallydamagethem,”可知，珊瑚礁通過復原能力而自我恢復。故選B。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)IoncehadmyChineseMBAstudentsbrainstormingon“two-hourbusinessplans.”Iseparatedthemintosixgroupsandgavethemanexample:arestaurantchain.Themoreoriginaltheirideas,thebetter,Isaid.Finally,fiveofthesixgroupspresentedplansforrestaurantchains.Thesixthproposedacateringservice.ThoughIadmittedthetimelimithadbeendifficult,Iexpressedmydisappointment.Mystudentsweremiddlemanagers,financialanalystsandfinanciersfromstate-ownedenterprisesandglobalcompanies.Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.ThesceneIjustdescribedcameindifferentformsduringmytwoyearsteachingattheschool.PaperswereoftencopiedfromtheWebandtheHarvardBusinessReview.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupandjustmemorized.Studentsfrequentlysaidthatcopyingisasuperiorbusinessstrategy,betterthaninventingandcreating.InChina,everyproductyoucanimaginehasbeenmadeandsold.Butsofewwell-developedmarketingandmanagementmindshavebeenraisedthatitwillbealongtimebeforemostpeopleintheworldcannameaChinesebrand.Withthisprobleminmind,partnershipswithinstitutionslikeYaleandMIThavebeenestablished.Andthenthere'sthe“thousandtalentscheme.”thisnewgovernmentprogramisintendedtoimprovetechnologicalmodernizationbyattractingtopforeign-trainedscientiststothemainlandwithbigmoney.ButthereareworriesaboutChina'sresearchenvironment.It'shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipwithtopwesternuniversities.Norisitaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It'saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It'snotthatsimple.56.Whydoesthewriterfeeldisappointedathisstudents?A.Becausethereisonegrouppresentingacateringservice.B.Becausethesixgroupsdidnotcooperatewellinthebrainstorm.C.Becauseallthestudentscopiedacaseforthedifficulttopic.D.Becausethestudents'ideaswerelackingincreativeness.57WhichofthefollowingscenesisNOTconsideredaslackofcreation?A.PaperswereoftendownloadedfromtheInternet.B.Studentsoftensaidthatcopyingisapreferablebusinessstrategy.C.Studentscombineknowledgeandcriticalthoughtstosolveaproblem.D.Casestudydebateswerewrittenupaswellasrecited.58Wecaninferformthepassagethat________.A.Chinacanmakeandsellanyproductallovertheworldfromitsowncreation.B.highpaymaynotsolvetheproblemofChina'sresearchenvironment.C.cooperationwithinstitutionshasbeensetuptomakeaChinesebrand.D.thenewgovernmentprogramisaimedatencouragingimagination.59.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Lookforanewwayoflearning B.RewardcreativethinkingC.Howtobecomeacreator D.Establishatechnicalenvironment【答案】56.D57.C58.B59.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者通過自己在一線教育工作的經(jīng)驗看出中國的教育制度存在的一些問題，學生不能獨立思考問題做作業(yè)去網(wǎng)上或者其他的地方找答案，學生缺乏創(chuàng)造性，作者指出有了豐富的學習環(huán)境，及新的學習方法，才能有創(chuàng)造性的研究氛圍?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.(他們沒有天賦，也沒有觀點，但他們受到了一個很少強調(diào)或獎勵批判性思維或創(chuàng)造性的教育體系的影響)”可知，學生的觀點缺乏創(chuàng)造力，對于這一點作者感到失望，故選D。【57題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theywerewithouttalentoropinions,buttheyhadbeenshapedbyaneducationalsystemthatrarelystressedorrewardedcriticalthinkingorinventiveness.(他們沒有天賦，也沒有觀點，但他們受到了一個很少強調(diào)或獎勵批判性思維或創(chuàng)造性的教育體系的影響)”可推知，C選項“學生結合知識和批判性思維來解決問題”并非缺乏創(chuàng)意。故選C?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“ButthereareworriesaboutChina'sresearchenvironment.It'shardlyknownforproducingindependentthinkingandopenness,andevenbigsalaryoffersmaynotbeattractiveenoughtoovercomethis.(但也有人擔心中國的研究環(huán)境。它很難培養(yǎng)獨立思考和開放的思想，即使高薪也不足以吸引你克服這一點)”可推知，高薪可能無法解決中國科研環(huán)境的問題。故選B。【59題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Atlast,forChina,becomingamajorworldcreatorisnotjustaboutsettinguppartnershipwithtopwesternuniversities.Norisitaboutgatheringagroupofwell-educatedpeopleandtellingthemtothinkcreatively.It'saboutestablishingarichlearningenvironmentforyoungminds.It'snotthatsimple.(最后，對中國來說，成為世界主要創(chuàng)造者不僅僅是與西方頂尖大學建立伙伴關系。也不是召集一群受過良好教育的人，告訴他們要有創(chuàng)造性地思考。這是關于為年輕人建立一個豐富的學習環(huán)境。事情沒那么簡單)”結合整篇文章指出中國教育出現(xiàn)的問題——學生無法創(chuàng)造性思維，而這個問題與中國的社會環(huán)境相關的，所以要尋找新的學習方式。故A選項“尋找新的學習方法”最符合文章標題。故選A。(B)ThingsyouneedtoknowaboutyourSTRESSrightnowAfter60yearsofresearch,scientistshavedeterminedwhatprovokesstress.There'sevenahandyacronym:NUTS.NisforNovelty:Thisissomethingnewyou'venotexperiencedbefore,likethefirstdayofschooloranewjob.UisforUnpredictability:Whenyoudon'tknowhowsomethingisgoingtotakeshape,asisthecaseduringatriptothedentist.TisforThreattotheEgo:Whenyourcompetenceisthreatened,suchasinfrontofcolleagues.We'reverysensitivetothis.SisforSenseofControl:Whenyoufeelyouhavelittleornocontroloverthesituation,likebeingstuckintraffic.It'shelpfultoidentifyyoursourcesofstress,becauseaproblemwell-definedisaproblemalmostsolved.Theoppositeofstressisnotrelaxationit'sresilience.Ifyoutellyourbrainthatyoucandealwiththis,itwillstopproducingthestresshormoneandyouwillcalmdownGetonyourbike!Asvariousbitsofresearchhaveshown,cyclingwillloweryourstresslevels,whetheryou'redoingaquickerrandorcommittingtoalifetimeontwowheels.15MINUTESLATERA2013studyoutofJapanshowedamarkeddropinpeople'sstresslevelsaftertheypedalledforjust15minutesonastationarybike.ANHOURLATERResearchersfoundin2015that,comparedtotheircyclingcolleagues,thosewhodroveortookthesubwaybreathedmoreshallowlyanhourlaterasuresignofstress.18YEARSLATERAfterfollowing17,985adultcommutersfor18years,U.K.researchersdiscoveredin2014thatthosewhowalkedorbikedreportedbeinghappier,moreconfidentandbetterabletofacetheirproblems.①____________Ina2015study,researcherssubjected66teengirlstoastresstest.Someofthemheldtheirmothers'handsduringthetest;othershadtogoitalone.Thegirlswhohadcontactwiththeirmomswereabletomanagestressmoreeffectively.It'swhatpsychologistsrefertoasemotionalloadsharing.②____________Ina2007UCLAstudy,somepatientshospitalizedforheartfailurespent12minuteswithatherapydog,whileanothergroupinteractedwithavolunteer.Thedogcrowdexperiencedgreaterdecreasesintheiranxietylevelcomparedtothosepatientswhosevisitorscouldactuallytalkback.60.__________maysufferthemoststressrelatively.A.Luna,19--shehaswellpreparedforherfirstinternshipwiththehelpofhermother.B.Tom,29-hisfirstdayofworkstartsat9:00am,buthe'sinatrafficjamat8:50am.C.Karol,39-shefinallyhadherdecayedtoothpulledoutlastThursdayatthedentist's.D.Jenny,49-hercolleaguesareplanningtogiveherafarewellpartyandshe'sinthedark.61.Whichchartcanbestillustratetheeffectofcycling?A.B.C.D.62.Whichofthefollowingmaybestsuitthenumberedblanks?A.①Raiseyourhand!②Findavolunteercompanion!B.①Raiseyourhand!②Getafurrycompanion!C①Hugyourfamily!②Getfurrycompanion!D.①Hugyourfamily!②Findavolunteercompanion!【答案】60.B61.C62