專題04 閱讀理解B篇-沖刺2023年中考英語(yǔ)重難題型考前突破（廣東專用）（解析版）

04閱讀理解B篇一、人與社會(huì) 11.太空水稻（2023廣東湛江一模） 2.環(huán)境機(jī)器人（2023廣東清遠(yuǎn)一模） 33.北京冬奧會(huì)美物（20234.京?。?023廣東惠州一模） 65.五禽戲（2023廣東模擬預(yù)測(cè)）6.替代媽媽與留守兒童（2023廣東東莞7.葫蘆烙畫（2023廣東惠州一模） 8.英國(guó)寄宿學(xué)校（2023廣東江門一模） 9.母親河——長(zhǎng)江（2023廣東東莞一模） 10.草編藝術(shù)（2023山東青島一模） 111.后備箱集市（2023山東青島一模） 二、人與自然 221.鳥類（2023廣東模擬預(yù)測(cè)2.水污染（2023廣東中山一模） 3.綠色產(chǎn)品（2023山東濟(jì)南一模） 26三、人與自我（害羞心理）（2023廣東湛江一、人與社會(huì)【1】（2023·廣東湛江·統(tǒng)考一模）Sincehumanssentthefirstsatellite(衛(wèi)星)tospaceinthe1950s,scientistshavebeenstudyinganimportanttopic:howtogrowplantsinspaceifhumanslivethereoneday.ArecentexperimentattheTiangongspacestationmakesabigstepforward.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗)duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.Theresearchersaid,“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.Theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮桿水稻品種)havegrownto5centimeters,ChinaDailyreportedonAugust30,2022.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycle(周期)ofaplant—itbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotforastronauts.TheycansolvefoodproblemsonEarth.Bysendingseedstospace,wecancreatemutated(突變的)seedsthatcanproducehigheryields(產(chǎn)量)onEarth.Formorethan30years,Chinahasdevelopedover260newtypesofseedsinspace.TheyareplantedonEartheveryyear.AccordingtoYaoTong,anengineerfromHainanAerospaceEngineeringBreedingResearchCenter,30%ofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare“spacestrawberries”,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced“spacetomatoes”withyieldsincreasedby30%,and“spacebananas”withagrowthcycleshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.1．Howhighdidthetallshootricevarietygrowforthefirstmonth?A．5cm. B．25cm. C．30cm. D．35cm.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thisone”inParagraph3referto?A．Thedwarfricevariety. B．Thetallshootricevariety.C．Thelastriceexperimentinspace. D．ThericeexperimentonShenzhouXIV.3．Howdoesthisriceexperimentdifferfromotherexperiments?A．Itsseedlingshavesuccessfullycomeup. B．Itgoesthroughacompletelifecycle.C．Itsseedlingsaregrowingverywell. D．Itusescompletelynewricevarieties.4．Whydoweplantseedsinspaceaccordingtothepassage?a.Tofeedastronauts.

b.Toresearchonmutatedseeds.c.ToincreaseyieldsonEarth.

d.Tostudytheenvironmentofspace.A．a(chǎn)b B．bc C．a(chǎn)c D．bd5．Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Spaceplantingisbenefitingus. B．Spaceplantinghasdisadvantages.C．Peoplewillneverrunoutoffood. D．Peopleareafraidofspaceseeds.【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．C5．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹的是中國(guó)宇航員在神舟十四號(hào)任務(wù)中成功種植了水稻幼苗，可以創(chuàng)造出突變的種子，從而在地球上產(chǎn)生更高的產(chǎn)量，以此解決地球上的食物問(wèn)題。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightof30centimeters.”可知高桿水稻品種的幼苗已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)到30厘米。故選C。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings（幼苗）duringtheShenzhouXIVmission.”可知文章講述的是中國(guó)宇航員在神舟十四號(hào)任務(wù)期間成功培育了水稻幼苗的事件，再根據(jù)“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace”可知在太空中還有其他的水稻實(shí)驗(yàn)，因此“thisone”指的是在神舟十四號(hào)上進(jìn)行的水稻實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選D。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,thisoneisthefirstofitskindtoproducethecompletelifecycleofaplant”可知雖然在太空中也有其他的水稻實(shí)驗(yàn)，但這是同類實(shí)驗(yàn)中第一個(gè)產(chǎn)生植物完整生命周期的水稻。因此區(qū)別在于經(jīng)歷完整的生命周期。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Suchfood-growingexperimentsarenotjustforastronauts.TheycanalsosolvefoodproblemsonEarth.”可知這樣的食物種植實(shí)驗(yàn)不僅僅是為了宇航員。它們還可以解決地球上的糧食問(wèn)題。再根據(jù)“Theseedscanthenproducehigheryields（產(chǎn)量）onEarth.”可知這些種子可以生產(chǎn)比在地球上更高的產(chǎn)量。因此可知在太空種植糧食作物，一可以供養(yǎng)宇航員，二可以提高其在地球上的產(chǎn)量。故選C。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“30percentofstrawberriessoldinBeijingare‘spacestrawberries‘,whichareasbigaseggs.Thecenterhasalsoproduced‘spacetomatoes’withyieldsincreasedby30percent,and‘spacebananas’withagrowthshortenedfrom13monthsto9months.”可知北京銷售的草莓中有30%是“太空草莓”，和雞蛋一樣大。該中心還生產(chǎn)了產(chǎn)量增加30%的“太空西紅柿”，以及生長(zhǎng)期從13個(gè)月縮短到9個(gè)月的“太空香蕉”。因此主要介紹了太空種植的植物對(duì)我們的好處。故選A?！?】（2023·廣東清遠(yuǎn)·統(tǒng)考一模）Robotsarehelpfulinmanyways.Theycanhelpuswashdishes,cook,andcleanrooms.Someofthemcanevenhelplookafteroldpeople.Nowthey’returningtheirattentiontofightingclimatechangebyhelpingtoplanttrees.MilremRobotics,anEstoniancompany,togetherwithsomescientists,hasdevelopedtworobotsthatcanplantyoungtrees.Thetworobotsarethesizeofasmallcar.Theycanworkasateam—onepreparestheplantingarea,theotherplantstrees.Bothrobotsaredriverless.Theysensetheenvironmentaroundthemandoperate（操作）ontheirown.Theycantravelatspeedsofupto20km/h.Infiveorsixhours,thepaircanputdownasmanyas380youngtreescoveringtenthousandsquaremeters.Itmeansthetworobotscanplantthousandsoftreesaday!Whileworking,theycanalsorecordthelocationofeachnewtree.Theworldlosesabout100thousandsquarekilometersoftreeseveryyear,accordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization（聯(lián)合國(guó)糧食及農(nóng)業(yè)組織）.Scientistssaythatweneedtoplantatrillion（萬(wàn)億）treestosolvetheproblemofforestcoverlossandhelpslowdownclimatechange.Besides,it’smoreimportanttoplanttherighttreesintherightplacetogetasatisfyingresult.Itisgreatnewsthattwotree-lovingrobotscanhelpsolvethebigworldproblem.1．ThetworobotsfromMilremRoboticsarefor________.A．cookingmeals B．cleaningrooms C．lookingaftertheold D．plantingtrees2．Theunderlinedword“driverless”inParagraph3means________.A．withadriverinit B．withoutanydriverinitC．someonewhodrivesacar D．gosomewherebycar3．Theworldloses________treeseveryyear.A．100thousandsquaremetersoftrees B．100thousandsquarekilometersoftreesC．1trilliontrees D．thousandsoftrees4．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthetworobots?A．Theyarethesizeofasmallcar. B．Theycanplantmillionsoftreesaday.C．Theycantravelatspeedsofupto30km/h. D．Theycan’tsensetheenvironmentaroundthem.5．Thispassageismainlyabout________.A．treesplanting B．climatechange C．robots D．worldproblems【答案】1．D2．B3．B4．A5．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了兩個(gè)為改善環(huán)境而研發(fā)的機(jī)器人。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“MilremRobotics,anEstoniancompany,togetherwithsomescientists,hasdevelopedtworobotsthatcanplantyoungtrees.”可知這兩個(gè)機(jī)器人是用來(lái)種樹的。故選D。2．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Theysensetheenvironmentaroundthemandoperate（操作）ontheirown.”可知它們能感知周圍的環(huán)境，并自主行動(dòng)，可見(jiàn)兩個(gè)機(jī)器人都是無(wú)人駕駛的，故driverless意為“無(wú)人駕駛”。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theworldlosesabout100thousandsquarekilometersoftreeseveryyear,accordingtotheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganization”可知世界每年損失大約10萬(wàn)平方公里的樹木。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)“Thetworobotsarethesizeofasmallcar.”可知這兩個(gè)機(jī)器人有一輛小汽車那么大。故選A。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，短文主要介紹了兩個(gè)為改善環(huán)境而研發(fā)的機(jī)器人。故選C?！?】（2023·廣東汕頭·統(tǒng)考一模）The2022WinterOlympicswerenotonlyabigsportsevent,butalsoadeliciousfeast(盛宴),asthehostcountryiswellknownforitsfood.ThefoodsofthethreeOlympicVillageshadwontheheartofmostathletes(運(yùn)動(dòng)員)fromallovertheworld.TheirvideosofeatingChinesefoodgotpopularontheInternet.ChineseInternetuserscouldwatchChina’sfree-medal-winnerGuAilingeatingbaoziinoneofthevideos.JeniseSpiteri,asnowboarderfromMalta,alsosurprisedChineseInternetuserswithherloveforbaozi.Afteracompetition,shesaidthatsheatesixbaoziaday,andsheevenstartedeatingonewhenshewaswaitingforherscore.USathleteJuliaMarinoalsotookChineseInternetusersbysurprise,“I’veprobablyhadabout200dumplingssinceIcamehere.It’stheonlythingthatIfeellikeisalwaysgood.”“Wecanhaveeverything.There’sWesternfoodandChinesefood.There’sevenaKFC．That’sgreat,”saidNevinGalmarini,aSwisssnowboarderwhostayedintheZhangjiakouOlympicVillage.YangChen,acookofathletes’restaurantattheYanqingOlympicVillage,saidthemenuinthevillagerotated(輪流)everyeightdays,and30%ofthedisheswereChinese,while70%wereWestern.“Themostpopulardishesintheathletes’restaurant,”saidYang,“involvelamb,beef,Beijingduckanddumplings.”“Weofferhelptosomeforeignathleteswhoareinneed.WehopemorepeoplewillknowaboutChinesefoodculture,”saidYang.1．BothGuAilingandJeniseSpiteri________.A．gotgoodscores B．likedtoeatbaoziC．wonthreemedals D．enjoyedmakingdumplings2．JuliaMarinoisanathletefrom________.A．China B．Malta C．US D．Switzerland3．WhatdoweknowaboutNevinGalmarini?A．HisfavoriteChinesefoodwasdumplings.B．HesurprisedtheChinesefanswithhisskills.C．HelikedthewesternfoodbestattheGames.D．HewassatisfiedwiththefoodattheGames.4．Theunderlinedword“involve”means“________”.A．include B．order C．influence D．pass5．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Whatathletesfromaroundtheworldsharedonline.B．HowpopularthefoodwaswithathletesattheGames.C．WhatcooksattheGamesdidtomakethefooddelicious.D．HowwasthefoodatthethreeOlympicVillageswereprepared.【答案】1．B2．C3．D4．A5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述冬奧會(huì)的食物受到了運(yùn)動(dòng)員的喜愛(ài)。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“GuAilingeatingbaoziinoneofthevideos.”和“JeniseSpiteri,asnowboarderfromMalta,alsosurprisedChineseInternetuserswithherloveforbaozi.”可知，谷愛(ài)凌和JeniseSpiteri都喜歡吃包子。故選B。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“USathleteJuliaMarino”可知，JuliaMarino是來(lái)自美國(guó)的運(yùn)動(dòng)員。故選C。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Wecanhaveeverything.There’sWesternfoodandChinesefood.There’sevenaKFC.That’sgreat,”可知，NevinGalmarini認(rèn)為冬奧會(huì)期間的食物種類齊全，由此可推知他對(duì)這些食物很滿意。故選D。4．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Themostpopulardishesintheathletes’restaurant,”和“involvelamb,beef,Beijingduckanddumplings.”可推知，此處指最受歡迎的菜包括羊肉、牛肉、北京鴨和餃子，“involve”是include“包括”的意思。故選A。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述冬奧會(huì)的食物受到了運(yùn)動(dòng)員的喜愛(ài)。故選B?！?】（2023·廣東惠州·統(tǒng)考一模）ChineseoperaisanimportantpartofChineseculture.Therearemorethan300formsofChineseopera,includingBeijingOpera,YueOpera,YuOpera,GeZaiXiandmanyotherforms.BeijingOperaismorefamousthanotheroperasinChina.BeijingOperaputsinging,dancingandacrobatics(雜技)together.Instrumentssuchasdrums,bellsandcymbals(銅鈸)accompany(伴奏)theperformances.Besides,therearetwoimportantpartsofBeijingOperaperformanceshelpingtellthestory,thefacialdesign(臉譜)andcostumes(服裝).Traditionally,performancesusedmasksfortheirfacialdesign.Today,however,performersusemakeup.Theypaintcolorfuldesignsontheirfaces.Thesecolorsanddesignshelptocreateeachcharacter.Forexample,abravecharacterhasaredface,whileablackfacemeanshonest.Abluefaceisrude.Ayelloworwhitefacestandsforsomeonewhoisdishonest.Costumesmakepeopleknowtheperformers’charactersandroles.So,ifpeoplearefamiliarwiththecostumesofopera,theycanknowastorywithcostumeseasily.Costumesusuallyhavemanydesignsandcolor.Thesamecostumecanbeusedindifferentshows.Anditwillstandforadifferentcharacter.ManycollegesandschoolsinChinawanttokeeptheartofChineseoperaalive.Theyprovideaneducationsystemfortalentedstudents.Applicants(應(yīng)試者)needtopassawrittentest,anauditionandaninterview.Onlythegreateststudentsareacceptedtostudyatthesecollegesandschools.Onceacceptedintotheprogram,studentsbeginajourneyforseventotwelveyearsthroughtheschool.Aftergraduation,manygoontoworkasprofessionalactorsonstageorinthemovies.1．OfallformsofChineseopera,________isthemostfamous.A．BeijingOpera B．GeZaiXi C．YuOpera D．YueOpera2．Thecharacterwithayelloworwhitefaceis________.A．brave B．dishonest C．honest D．rude3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“familiar”inparagraph3mean?A．Knowingsomethingwell. B．Havingnoideaaboutsomething.C．Somethingnew. D．Somethingdifficult.4．Wecanknowfromthelastparagraphthat________.A．onlycollegeswouldliketomakeChineseoperaactiveB．a(chǎn)nyonewholikesoperacanbeacceptedintotheprogramC．studentsintheprogramusuallystudyfor7yearsatschoolD．manystudentsintheprogramwillfinallybecomeactors5．Thepassageismainlyabout________.A．theinfluenceofChineseoperaB．theintroductionofBeijingoperaC．theimportanceofcostumesandfacialdesignD．thedevelopmentoftheartofChineseopera【答案】1．A2．B3．A4．D5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹京劇的相關(guān)信息。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“BeijingOperaismorefamousthanotheroperasinChina”可知京劇是最出名的。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ayelloworwhitefacestandsforsomeonewhoisdishonest.”可知黃臉或者白臉代表這個(gè)人不誠(chéng)實(shí)。故選B。3．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“theycanknowastorywithcostumeseasily”可知他們很容易知道服裝的故事，此處表達(dá)的是如果人們了解京劇的服裝。故選A。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Aftergraduation,manygoontoworkasprofessionalactorsonstageorinthemovies.”可知這些學(xué)生從大學(xué)畢業(yè)后就會(huì)在舞臺(tái)或者電影里成為專業(yè)的演員。故選D。5．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知本文主要介紹京劇的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。故選B?！?】（2023·廣東·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）根據(jù)簡(jiǎn)章內(nèi)容，從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇一個(gè)正確答案?！癏umanscandevelopcertainabilitieswearen’tbornwithbypracticinganimals’movements,”thetraditionalChineseWushuloversbelievedinthepast,anddotoday.ChineseFive-AnimalExercises,alsoknownasWuqinxi,arethefirstcompletesetofqigongexercisesfollowingthemovementsofanimals:monkeys,deer,birds,bearsandtigers.TheywerecreatedbyoneofthegreatestdoctorsinChinesehistory,HuaTuo,morethan1,800yearsago.“Thebearmovementsaregoodforthestomach.Thetigermovementscanreducethepainintheback.Thedeermovementshelpreducethefataroundthewaist(腰).Thebirdmovementscanhelpkeepourkneeshealthyandthemonkeymovementscanbegoodfortheheart.”saidHuaYi,the59thinheritor(繼承人)ofWuqinxi.Forthosenewlearners,youmayfindithardtofocus(集中注意力).Wearcomfortableclothes,keeppeacefulinyourmind,trytomoveslowly...Littlebylittle,you’llfeelmoreandmoreharmoniouswithnature.Youmayevenfeelyoubecomeatigeroradeer,walkingintheforestfreely.Theseexercisesneednotoolsandtheyareeasytolearn.Youcansearchonlineforthevideosandpracticethematanytimewhenyoufeellikerelaxingyourbodyandmind.Becauseit’sfuntopracticeandgoodforhealth,Five-AnimalExercisesarebecomingmoreandmorepopularinrecentyears,notonlyinChina,butalsoinmanyotherplacesoftheworld.1．PeoplepracticeFive-AnimalExercisesinorderto________.A．fightagainstenemies B．protectwildanimalsC．improvethehealth D．playasagroupgame2．Ifyourgrandfatherhasapainintheback,________mayhelphimalot.A．thebearmovements B．themonkeymovementsC．thebirdmovements D．thetigermovements3．Theunderlinedword“harmonious”inParagraph4probablymeans________.A．興奮的 B．和諧的 C．敬畏的 D．膚淺的4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUE?A．Wuqinxifollowsthemovementsoffiveanimals:monkeys,deer,birds,bearsandtigers.B．Ifyouwanttokeepyourkneeshealthy,youcandothebirdmovements.C．Theseexercisesneedspecialtoolsandtheyaredifficulttolearn.D．Five-AnimalExercisesaremoreandmorepopularinrecentyears.5．What’sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．ThehistoryofWuqinxiB．ChineseFive-AnimalExercisesC．TheadvantagesofWuqinxiD．AgreatdoctorHuaTuo【答案】1．C2．D3．B4．C5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了五禽戲的相關(guān)信息。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thebearmovementsaregoodforthestomach.Thetigermovementscanreducethepainintheback.Thedeermovementshelpreducethefataroundthewaist(腰).Thebirdmovementscanhelpkeepourkneeshealthyandthemonkeymovementscanbegoodfortheheart.”可知，練習(xí)五禽戲?qū)ξ浮⒈?、腰、膝蓋和心臟有好處，由此可知人們?yōu)榱嗽鲞M(jìn)健康而練習(xí)五禽戲。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thetigermovementscanreducethepainintheback.”可知，虎式動(dòng)作可以減輕背部疼痛。故選D。3．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Youmayevenfeelyoubecomeatigeroradeer,walkingintheforestfreely.”可知，練習(xí)五禽戲會(huì)讓你感覺(jué)自己變成了在森林中自由行走的老虎或鹿，再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，練習(xí)五禽戲能讓你與自然越來(lái)越和諧，“harmonious”是“和諧的”。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theseexercisesneednotoolsandtheyareeasytolearn.”可知，這些練習(xí)不需要工具，而且很容易學(xué)。選項(xiàng)C與原文不符。故選C。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了五禽戲的相關(guān)信息。選項(xiàng)B“中國(guó)五禽戲”最適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選B。【6】（2023·廣東東莞·東莞市萬(wàn)江第三中學(xué)?？家荒＃㏕heChinaFoundationforPovertyAlleviation(中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì))hasstartedaprogramtohireandtrain100localwomenassubstitutemothers(替代媽媽)totakecareofleft-behind(留守)children.Thethree-yearprogramwillselect100villagersacrossSichuanProvinceandhireonewomanineachvillage.“It’samodeltosolvetheproblemofleft-behindchildren,”saidLiuWenkui,secretaryofthefoundation.The“substitutemothers”willdoparents’job,findingoutwhatthechildrenneedandhelpingthemwithproblems.Eachsubstitutemotherwilltakecareofabout300to500children.Therewillbea“children’shome”ineachvillagetobethemother’sofficeandchildren’splayingspace.Theirjobistoprovidequickserviceanddiscoverthechildren’sproblems.Theprogramhopestohirewomenaged19to55yearsoldfromthevillages.“Wewanttohirefull-time‘mothers’tomakesuretheywon’tthinkaboutotherwork,”Liusaid.“Wewantlocalwomenbecausetheyunderstandlocallanguagesandcultures.”TheprograminSichuanisanexperiment,andLiusaid,“Ifitisasuccessfulmodel,wewillstartitinthewholecountry.”“Ifparentsareforcedtoleavehometoearnalivingandunabletotaketheirchildrenwiththem,wearelookingforatransition(過(guò)渡的)waytosolvetheproblem.”headded.1．Howlongwillittaketohireandtrainthesubstitutemothers?A．Threemonths. B．Oneyear. C．Threeyears. D．Tenyears.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hire”meaninChinese?A．雇用 B．選擇 C．設(shè)立 D．邀請(qǐng)3．Asubstitutemotherwillpossiblybe________.A．a(chǎn)girlattheageof18 B．a(chǎn)womanwithapart-timeC．a(chǎn)manfromthelocalvillage D．a(chǎn)womanwhoknowslocallanguage4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A．Asubstitutemotherplaysaroleofparents.B．Eachvillagemotherwilltakecareofabout300to580children.C．Eachvillagewillhavea“children’shome’.D．Thechildren’sparentswillpaythesubstitutemother.5．Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Left-behindChildren’sProblems. B．SubstituteMothersinVillages.C．Left-behindWomen’sProblems. D．SubstituteChildreninVillages.【答案】1．C2．A3．D4．D5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講的是中國(guó)很多父母外出打工，越來(lái)越多的孩子變成了留守兒童。他們需要社會(huì)的關(guān)愛(ài)。因此中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì)啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃：雇傭和培訓(xùn)100名當(dāng)?shù)貗D女作為替代媽媽來(lái)照顧留守兒童。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thethree-yearprogramwillselect100villagersacrossSichuanProvinceandhireonewomanineachvillage.”可知，中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì)啟動(dòng)的這個(gè)計(jì)劃會(huì)持續(xù)3年時(shí)間，故選C。2．詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“TheChinaFoundationforPovertyAlleviation(中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì))hasstartedaprogramtohireandtrain100localwomenassubstitutemothers(替代媽媽)totakecareofleft-behind(留守)children.”可知，中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì)啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃，雇用和培訓(xùn)100名當(dāng)?shù)貗D女作為替代母親來(lái)照顧留守兒童。此處hire的意思是“雇傭”，故選A。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wewantlocalwomenbecausetheyunderstandlocallanguagesandcultures.”可知，替代媽媽需要當(dāng)?shù)嘏?，因?yàn)樗齻兌?dāng)?shù)卣Z(yǔ)言和文化。故選D。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TheChinaFoundationforPovertyAlleviation(中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì))hasstartedaprogramtohireandtrain100localwomenassubstitutemothers”可知，中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì)雇傭替代媽媽，所以并不是孩子的父母付錢給替代媽媽。故選D。5．最佳標(biāo)題題。文章主要介紹了中國(guó)扶貧基金會(huì)建立的一個(gè)由替代媽媽來(lái)照顧留守兒童的項(xiàng)目，選項(xiàng)B“農(nóng)村的替代媽媽”符合主題，故選B?！?】（2023·廣東惠州·惠州一中校考一模）Gourds(葫蘆)haveahistoryof7,000yearsinChina.Thesespecial-shapedplantsareusedforcookingdeliciousdishesaswellasmakingmusicalinstruments.Buttodaywearetalkingaboutthepyrographycraft(烙畫工藝)ongourds.ThecraftoriginatedduringtheHanDynastyatfirstandentereditsgoldenageduringtheQingDynasty.ManycitiesofChinalikeTianjinandBeijingarewell-knownforsuchgourds.TakethecraftfromBeijingasanexample.Asthefamily’sfourth-generationinheritor(繼承人)ofBeijing’sgourd-pyrographycraft,NiuChengguohasbeenworkinghardonthecraftforabout40years.Withhisgreatloveforbeautifulthings,Niuhaskeptimprovinghisartskillsandcreatedmanyworksofart.“WhenIwasalittleboy,Iwasdeeplytouchedbythelivelypatterns(圖案)ongourdswhichwerecreatedbymygrandpa.IbeganstudyinghowtocreatetheartworkswiththehelpofmygrandpawhenIwas11yearsold.”saidNiu.Niu’seffortstocreatewonderfulartworkspaidoff,ashisartworkssoldwellinmanycountriesinSoutheastAsia,EuropeandAmerica.Manyofhisworkshaveappearedindifferentculturalexchange(交流)activities.Asaresult,thegourd-pyrographycraftisbecomingmorepopular.In2021,Niustartedtoprovideaplatformtohelpvisitorsenjoythebeautyofthegourdcraft.“Ijustwanttomakethetraditionalcraftknownandlikedbymorepeople,”Niusaid.1．WhatcangourdsbeusedforaccordingtoParagraph1?A．Holdingdishes. B．Makingmusic. C．Makinghouses. D．Creatingartworks.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“originated”meaninParagraph2?A．returned B．a(chǎn)ppeared C．spread D．stopped3．Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．HowhardNiulearnedthecraft.B．HowNiudevelopedaninterestinthecraft.C．WhyNiu’sgrandpataughthimselfthecraft.D．WhatNiuhasdonetoimprovehisartisticskills.4．WhichstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Niu’sworkshaveaninfluenceonculturalexchanges.B．Niu’sworksareonlypopularinmostAsiancountries.C．Niu’sworkshelpedvisitorscreatetheirowngourdartworks.D．Niuisathird-generationinheritorofthecraftinhisfamily.5．Whatisthemainpurpose(目的)ofthepassage?A．Todescribethedevelopmentofthecraft.B．Tointroduceaninheritorofatraditionalcraft.C．Tohelppeoplelearnhowtomakethecraftpopular.D．ToencouragepeopletopassonChinesetraditionalcraft.【答案】1．D2．B3．B4．A5．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，講述葫蘆烙畫工藝的傳承與發(fā)展。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thesespecial-shapedplantsareusedforcookingdeliciousdishesaswellasmakingmusicalinstruments”以及“wearetalkingaboutthepyrographycraft(烙畫工藝)ongourds”可知，葫蘆可以用來(lái)烹飪美味的菜肴、制作樂(lè)器以及制作工藝品。故選D。2．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“ThecraftoriginatedduringtheHanDynastyandentereditsgoldenageduringtheQingDynasty”可知，本句講述工藝的發(fā)展，這種工藝最初起源于漢代，在清朝進(jìn)入黃金時(shí)代。劃線部分意為“起源于”，指這種工藝的出現(xiàn)時(shí)間，與B選項(xiàng)appeared所表含義相近。故選B。3．段落大意題。根據(jù)“WhenIwasalittleboy,Iwasdeeplytouchedbythelivelypatternsongourds...Ibeganstudyinghowtocreatetheartworksundermygrandpa”可知，本段描寫Niu小時(shí)候在祖父影響下對(duì)烙畫工藝產(chǎn)生興趣并學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)造的事情。故選B。4．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Manyofhisworkshaveappearedindifferentculturalexchangeactivities”可知，Niu的藝術(shù)作品出現(xiàn)在不同文化交流活動(dòng)中，促進(jìn)了文化的交流。故選A。5．目的意圖題?？v觀全文，第一段引出葫蘆烙畫工藝這一話題，第二段開(kāi)始介紹Niu是這一工藝的第四代繼承人，接下來(lái)講述Niu對(duì)這一工藝興趣的萌芽、努力創(chuàng)作、作品大受歡迎以及提供平臺(tái)傳播這一工藝，因此這篇文章主要介紹了傳統(tǒng)葫蘆烙畫工藝的繼承者。故選B。【8】（2023·廣東江門·臺(tái)山市新寧中學(xué)?？家荒＃㏕hereareover800boarding(寄宿)schoolsintheUKwithstudentsfromhomeandforeigncountries.Boardingschoolsstartedhundredsofyearsagointhecountry.Buttheearliestboardingschoolsweresetupforwhite,richboysonly.Nowbothboysandgirlscangotoboardingschoolsfromtheageof7to18.WhattodoIntheUK,boardingschoolshavethreetermsinaschoolyear,withabout13weeksineachterm.Studentsstudyandlivetogether.Theycan’tgooutsideiftheyarenotallowedto.Insomeschools,eachstudenthashisorhersubjectplan.Besidestheusualclassroomsandlaboratories,theboardingschoolshavelotsofotherfacilitiesfortheirstudents,includingmusicrooms,boats,swimmingpools,cinemasandtheaters.Mostboardingschoolshavea“l(fā)ightout”time.Sowhenit’stimetogotobed,allthelightsinthebedroomsareturnedoff.Therearehousemasterstotakecareofstudentsallthetime,especiallyafterschoolhours.WhattowearNearlyallthestudentsinboardingschoolswearaschooluniform.Boysusuallywearashirtandatie,andgirlswearawhiteblouse,sometimesalsoatieandaskirt.Asstudentsgetolder,therulesbecomelessstrict.________IntheUK,boardingschoolsprovidestudentswithdeliciousfood.TheycanchoosetohaveafullEnglishbreakfastorbread.Andthereisalwaysself-serviceforsalad,othersidedishesandadessert.Studentscanalsomakethemselvessomethingtoeatatanytimeinakitchen,ordrinkteaorhaveasnackbetweenmeals.1．BoardingschoolsintheUK_________.A．provideeducationonlyforboystudentsB．haveahistoryofonehundredyearsC．onlyreceivejuniorandseniorstudentsD．haveahistoryofhundredsofyears2．StudentsinboardingschoolsintheUK_________.A．can’teatsnacksB．canchoosetheclothestheywanttowearallthetimeC．havedifferentagesD．caneatthemealtheirparentsmadeforthem3．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Allwhiteboyswereallowedtoattendtheearliestboardingschools.B．Studentsinaboardingschoolarelookedafteronlyafterschoolhours.C．Asstudentsgetolder,therulesaboutwearingschooluniformsbecomestricter.D．Studentscanhavedifferentactivitiesinaboardingschool.4．Theunderlinedword“facilities”means“_________”.A．教師 B．設(shè)施 C．活動(dòng) D．課程5．Whichisthebesttitleforthelastparagraph?A．Whattoeat B．Whentoeat C．Wheretoeat D．Howtoeat【答案】1．D2．C3．D4．B5．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了英國(guó)的寄宿學(xué)校。文中介紹了寄宿學(xué)校開(kāi)始創(chuàng)辦的時(shí)間及能進(jìn)入寄宿學(xué)校的條件。重點(diǎn)介紹了目前在寄宿學(xué)校內(nèi)能做什么，穿什么和吃什么。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Boardingschoolsstartedhundredsofyearsagointhecountry.”可知，英國(guó)的寄宿學(xué)校在數(shù)百年前開(kāi)始的。故選D。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Nowbothboysandgirlscangotoboardingschoolsfromtheageof7to18.”可知，學(xué)生年齡從7歲至18歲。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“includingmusicrooms,boats,swimmingpools,cinemasandtheaters.”可知，他們有很多的設(shè)施就有不同的活動(dòng)。故選D。4．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“includingmusicrooms,boats,swimmingpools,cinemasandtheaters.”可知，這些活動(dòng)設(shè)施是對(duì)劃線部分的闡述。所以應(yīng)是指設(shè)施。故選B。5．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，主要介紹的是在校學(xué)生吃的東西。故選A。【9】（2023·廣東東莞·統(tǒng)考一模）Youmayhaveheardthesaying“TheYangtzeRiverisChina’smotherriver.”ThemainrouteoftheYangtzeisalmost6,400kmlong.Astheworld’sthird-longestriver,itsvalley(流域)coversone-fifthofChina’slandarea.TheYangtzeRiverEconomicZone(長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶)covers11provincesandcities,makingupabout40percentofChina’stotalpopulationandGDP.The“motherriver”isingreatneedofprotectionbecausesomethingiswrongwithit.Forexample,becauseofoverfishingandwaterpollution,theriver’sChinesepaddlefish(白鱘)hasdiedoutaftersurvivingfor150millionyears.There’realsodesertified(荒漠化的)landandsoilpollutionneartheupstreampartoftheriverinQinghaiprovince,Xinhuareported.TheYangtzeRiverProtectionLawwhichtookeffectlastyearincludesbans(禁止)onactivitythatcoulddamagetheriver.Italsoincludesheavierpunishmentsforthosewhodon’tfollowthelaw.Accordingtothelaw,fishingwillbebannedinalloftheYangtze’snaturalwaterways,includingitsmajortributaries(支流)andlakes.Thosewhoarecaughtfishingwillbefined50,000to500,000yuan.Sandmining(采沙)willbestrictlylimitedintherivervalley.Manycompaniesareminingsandalongtheriver,assandisarareresource.However,thishasledtolowerwaterlevelsontheriver,whichhascausedtheriver’swaterqualitytodecline.Companiesoperatingalongtheriverwillneedtofocusongreendevelopment.Companiesthatproducepollutionwillbemovedtootherplaces,thelawsays.1．WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A．Whytheriverneedsprotection. B．Howtheriveris