2024屆山東省濰坊市高三下學(xué)期一模英語試題 （解析版）

試卷類型：A濰坊市高考模擬考試英語注意事項：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、座號、考號填寫在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ANationalPublicRadio(NPR)Music’sTinyDeskContestisback.Artistscansubmitanentryfromthismorning.Thisisn’tjustanotherregularyearoftheContest—it’sthe10thanniversary.Thepanel(小組)ofjudgeshasdoubledinsizecomparedtopreviousyears.Thepanelhasagroupofindustryexpertswhoareeagertoseewhatthisyear’sparticipantscanshare.Andthere’sagreatteamofNPR’sMusicstationhostsonthepanel:AmeliaMason,NovenaCarmelandStasTHEEBoss.Alsonewthisyear:Notonlywillthe2024winnerplayaTinyDeskconcert,beinterviewedonAllThingsConsideredandgoontourwithNPRMusic—they’llalsobepairedwithatutorintheindustrywhowillhelpthemnavigatetheirmusicjourney.Ourjudgesaredeterminedtogivethisyear’swinnerthesupportthey’llneedtotaketheirmusictothenextlevel.Thewinnerwillalsobefeaturedattwofestivalsthissummer:CelebrateBrooklynandtheMillenniumParkSummerMusicseriesinChicago.Andforthefirsttimethisyear,theContestisintroducingafanfavoritevote.Laterthisspring,ContestjudgeswillsharetheirfavoriteentriesaspartoftheannualTinyDesk-ContestTopShelfseriesonYouTube—andthenartistsandfanswillbeabletovotefortheirfavoriteamongthoseselections.Here’showtoenter:Recordavideoofyouplayingoneoriginalsong—behindadesk,uploadyourvideotoYouTube,andsubmitthevideoonourTinyDeskContestwebsitebyFeb.21at11:59p.m.Afinalreminder:Entryvideosdon’tneedtobefancy.TheTinyDeskiswhereartistsgotosimplifytheirbigproductions.Contestjudgesarelookingforartiststosubmitsomethingthat’struetothemandbrandnewtotheTinyDesk.1.Whoaremostlikelyamongthejudges?A.Newsstationhosts. B.Expertmusicians.C.Contestparticipants. D.Famousindustrialists.2.Whatwillthewinnergetasanaward?A.Sightseeingtours. B.Festivalsouvenirs.C.Unlimitedsupport. D.Professionalguidance.3.Whatisrequiredofthecontestentry?A.Ithastobeamasterpiece. B.Itmustconveypositivefeelings.C.Itmustberecordedbehindadesk. D.IthastobesubmittedbeforeFeb.21.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文，文章主要介紹了美國國家公共廣播電臺舉行的TinyDeskContest的相關(guān)信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thepanel(小組)ofjudgeshasdoubledinsizecomparedtopreviousyears.Thepanelhasagroupofindustryexpertswhoareeagertoseewhatthisyear’sparticipantscanshare.(評委小組的規(guī)模比往年增加了一倍。該小組有一群行業(yè)專家，他們渴望看到今年的參與者可以分享什么。)”可知，評委小組有音樂行業(yè)的專家，所以專業(yè)的音樂家最有可能在其中，故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“they’llalsobepairedwithatutorintheindustrywhowillhelpthemnavigatetheirmusicjourney.Ourjudgesaredeterminedtogivethisyear’swinnerthesupportthey’llneedtotaketheirmusictothenextlevel.(他們還將與一位業(yè)內(nèi)導(dǎo)師合作，幫助他們度過音樂之旅。我們的評委們決心給予今年的冠軍支持，讓他們的音樂更上一層樓)”可知，獲勝者將得到專業(yè)的指導(dǎo)，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Recordavideoofyouplayingoneoriginalsong—behindadesk(錄制一段你在桌子后面演奏一首原創(chuàng)歌曲的視頻)”可知，參賽作品必須是在一張桌子后面演唱的，故選C。BOnabrightSeptemberdayintheFrenchAlpsin2022,JohnMcAvoywas38kilometresintoaveryexhaustingultramarathonthroughroughmountainpaths.Battlingtiredness,hepushedhisbodyandmindthroughthefinallegoftherace.WiththefinisharchinthefamoustownofChamonixjustfourkilometresawayandthecloud-toppedpeakofMontBlanchighoverhim,McAvoywelledupwithemotion.Inthatmoment,hefeltsofreeandalive.Itwasquitetheoppositefromwherehislifehadbeenadecadebefore.Hehadjustbeenreleasedfromprisonafterservinga10-yearsentence.Now40yearsold,McAvoyhasspentthelast10yearsrebuildinghislifefromoneofcrimetoonewithpurpose.Itwasonthisday,whilerunningtheultramarathon,thatherealizedhowimpactfulconquering(征服)thismountainruncouldbeforinner-citykidslikehim.Afterall,sporthadhelpedhimliveanormallifeagainandopenuphisworld.Itcoulddothesameforothers.WiththehelpofYouthBeyondBorders,McAvoystartedtheAlpineRunProject,whichrecentlyled12disadvantagedBritishyoungpeoplethroughtheirownMontBlancraces.Theparticipants,fromrefugees(難民)toyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.Afterasix-monthtrainingprogram,theyouthtravelledtotheAlpstomeetupwithMcAvoyfortheirrace.McAvoysaysthehighlightofthisprojectforhimwaswatchingYasminMahamud,a20-year-oldrefugeefromSyria,runthroughthefinisharchandintothearmsofhernewfriends.Itwasalife-changinghighforMahamud,too-inspiringhertokeeprunning,takeupmartialartsandgotouniversitytostudyphysiotherapy.“Itchangedmypointofviewonlife,saysMahamud.Pushingherselftocompletetheracegaveherabriefexperienceofherownpotentialthroughhardworkanddevotion.”IwillalwaysbethankfultoJohnforgivingmethisopportunityandguidance.4.HowdidMcAvoyfeelbeforethefinisharch?A.Hefelttotallycollapsed. B.Hewaspeacefulandhopeful.C.Hewassatisfiedwithhispace. D.Hefeltasifcompletelyreborn.5.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcAvoyfromparagraph3?A.Hewasabuilder10yearsago. B.Herealizedtheimportanceofsport.C.Herantomakeupforhispastwrongs. D.Hehadsympathyfortheinner-citychildren.6.WhomostprobablytookpartintheMontBlancraces?A.Arunningcoach. B.Atravellover. C.Ahomelessteenager. D.Askilledathlete.7.WhatmessagedoesMcAvoy’sstoryconvey?A.Liveforthemoment. B.Dreambigandclimbhigh.C.Afterthestormcomestherainbow. D.Runafterthelightandbecomethelight.【答案】4.D5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了從犯罪生活重返社會、尋找生活目標(biāo)的JohnMcAvoy通過參與超級馬拉松比賽改變了自己的生活，然后創(chuàng)辦AlpineRunProject幫助其他處境困難的年輕人的故事。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inthatmoment,hefeltsofreeandalive.Itwasquitetheoppositefromwherehislifehadbeenadecadebefore.Hehadjustbeenreleasedfromprisonafterservinga10-yearsentence.(在那一刻，他感到如此自由和充滿活力。這與他十年前的生活完全相反。他在服完10年徒刑后剛剛從監(jiān)獄獲釋。)”可知，JohnMcAvoy在終點拱門前感覺自己仿佛完全重生了一樣，開啟了新生活。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Itwasonthisday,whilerunningtheultramarathon,thatherealizedhowimpactfulconqueringthismountainruncouldbeforinner-citykidslikehim.Afterall,sporthadhelpedhimliveanormallifeagainandopenuphisworld.(就在這一天，當(dāng)他跑超級馬拉松的時候，他意識到征服這個山跑對像他這樣的貧民區(qū)孩子來說是多么有影響力。畢竟，體育幫助他重新過上了正常的生活，打開了他的世界。)

”可知，從第三段我們可以了解到JohnMcAvoy認(rèn)識到體育運動的重要性，它幫助麥卡沃伊過上了新的生活。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Theparticipants,fromrefugeestoyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.

(參與者，從難民到年輕的改過自新的罪犯，以及在兒童福利院長大的人，都有教練、咨詢師和理療師與之匹配。)”推知，無家可歸的少年最有可能參加過勃朗峰的比賽。故選C。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“WiththehelpofYouthBeyondBorders,McAvoystartedtheAlpineRunProject,whichrecentlyled12disadvantagedBritishyoungpeoplethroughtheirownMontBlancraces.Theparticipants,fromrefugeestoyoungreformedcriminalsandthosewhogrewupinChildren’shome,werematchedwithcoaches,consultantsandphysiotherapists.

(在YouthBeyondBorders的幫助下，JohnMcAvoy

啟動了“高山跑步項目”，最近帶領(lǐng)12名處境不利的英國年輕人參加了他們自己的勃朗峰比賽。參與者，從難民到年輕的改過自新的罪犯，以及在兒童福利院長大的人，都有教練、咨詢師和理療師與之匹配。)”和第五段的“Itwasalife-changinghighforMahamud,too-inspiringhertokeeprunning,takeupmartialartsandgotouniversitytostudyphysiotherapy.(對Mahamud來說，這是一個改變?nèi)松母叱?，也激勵她繼續(xù)跑步，學(xué)習(xí)武術(shù)，上大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)物理治療。)”以及第六段的““Itchangedmypointofviewonlife,saysMahamud.Pushingherselftocompletetheracegaveherabriefexperienceofherownpotentialthroughhardworkanddevotion.

”IwillalwaysbethankfultoJohnforgivingmethisopportunityandguidance.(Mahamud說：“這改變了我對生活的看法。推動自己完成比賽讓她通過努力和奉獻(xiàn)短暫地體驗了自己的潛力?！蔽覍⒂肋h(yuǎn)感謝約翰給我這個機會和指導(dǎo)。)”可知，JohnMcAvoy從犯罪生活重返社會、尋找生活目標(biāo)，他意識到體育運動對于處于困境的孩子們有著巨大的影響力，因此他的故事可以鼓勵個人追求積極向上，散發(fā)積極能量，照亮周圍的世界，D項“奔向光明，成為光明”符合。故選D。CPeoplehavecometounderstandtheenormousimpacts-beneficialaswellasharmful-plasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚合物)scientistscommittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforreal-worldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.Everydayitemsincludingmilkjug,grocerybags,andtakeoutcontainersaremadefromaclassofpolymerscalledpolyolefins.Theseplasticsarereallydurable(耐用的)becausethechemicalbondsinthosepolymersareextremelystable.Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequirecomplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocks-onesoftpolymerandonehardpolymer-thatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.Sowewereabletocreatematerialswithsimilarpropertiesoftheplasticstheworldrelieson.Webelievethisworkisasteptowardmoresustainableplastics.8.Whatisparagraph2mainlyaboutconcerningplastics?A.Theirmultipleuses. B.Theirchemicalproperties.C.Theirrecyclingchallenges. D.Theirclassificationcriteria.9.Akeyfactorofproducingdiversemultiblockpolymersis______.A.mixingbuildingblockswithlongmoleculesB.integratingchemicalsintothetwopolymersC.combiningtwodifferentmultiblockpolymersD.adjustingthepercentageofthetwopolymers10.Whichisafeatureofmultiblockpolymers?A.Theyaremadefromsustainablematerials.B.Theycanberecycledbyaddinghydrogen.C.Theirreliabilityoutperformstraditionalplastics.D.Theirpropertieschangewithroundsofrecycling.11.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitle?A.DesigningforRecycling B.ClassifyingPlasticWasteC.ReplacePlasticswithPolymers D.TechnologyCreatestheFuture【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了聚合物科學(xué)家如何致力于解決塑料廢物問題，通過重新設(shè)計聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)以實現(xiàn)其可回收性?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ Inaworldsetupfordisposable(一次性的)items,durabilityisnolongeradesignfeaturebutratheradesigndrawback.Imagineifhalftheplasticsusedtodaywererecyclablethroughtwiceasmanyprocessesastheyarenow.Alsoconventionalrecyclingrequirescarefulsortingofallthecollectedmaterials,whichcanbechallengingwithsomanydifferentplastics.Forexample,separatingpaperfrommetaldoesn’trequirecomplextechnology,butsortingacontainerfromamilkjugofadifferentpolyolefinisdifficulttodowithouttheoccasionalmistake.(在一次性物品的世界中，耐用性不再是一個設(shè)計特征，而是一個設(shè)計缺陷。想象一下，如果今天使用的一半塑料可以通過兩倍于現(xiàn)在的過程進(jìn)行回收。此外，傳統(tǒng)的回收需要對所有收集到的材料進(jìn)行仔細(xì)的分類，這對于這么多不同的塑料來說是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的。例如，將紙和金屬分開并不需要復(fù)雜的技術(shù)，但將一個容器和一個牛奶罐中不同的聚烯烴進(jìn)行分類卻很難做到?jīng)]有偶爾的錯誤。)”可知，文章第二段主要講述的是關(guān)于塑料回收的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“InastudypublishedinScienceinOctober2023,wedescribedaseriesofpolymerswithonlytwobuildingblocks-onesoftpolymerandonehardpolymer-thatbehavelikepolyolefinsbutcouldbechemicallyrecycled.Connectingtwodifferentpolymersmultipletimesuntiltheyformasingle,longmolecule(分子)createswhat’scalledamultiblockpolymer.Bychanginghowmuchofeachpolymertypegoesintothemultiblockpolymer,ourteamproducedawiderangeofmaterialswithpropertiesthatcoveredallpolyolefintypes.(在2023年10月發(fā)表在《科學(xué)》雜志上的一項研究中，我們描述了一系列聚合物，它們只有兩種基本成分——一種軟聚合物和一種硬聚合物——它們的行為像聚烯烴，但可以化學(xué)回收。將兩種不同的聚合物多次連接，直到它們形成一個單一的長分子，就形成了所謂的多嵌段聚合物。通過改變多嵌段聚合物中每種聚合物的含量，我們的團(tuán)隊生產(chǎn)出了各種各樣的材料，其性能涵蓋了所有類型的聚烯烴。)”可知，生產(chǎn)多種多嵌段聚合物的關(guān)鍵因素是調(diào)整兩種聚合物的含量。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Usingthesamestrategybutbyaddinghydrogen,wecoulddisconnectthepolymersbackintotheirbuildingblocksandeasilyseparatethemtouseagain.Whenwemadenewpolymersoutoftheserecycledplastics,theyperformedjustaswellastheoriginalmaterialsevenafterseveralroundsofchemicalrecycling.(使用相同的策略，但通過添加氫，我們可以將聚合物分離回它們的組成部分，并輕松地將它們分離出來再次使用。當(dāng)我們用這些回收塑料制成新的聚合物時，即使經(jīng)過幾輪化學(xué)回收，它們的性能也和原始材料一樣好。)”可知，多嵌段聚合物可以通過添加氫的方式被分離出來再次使用。故選B?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Peoplehavecometounderstandtheenormousimpacts-beneficialaswellasharmful-plasticshaveonhumanlivesandtheenvironment.Aspolymer(聚臺物)scientistscommittedtoinventingsustainablesolutionsforreal-worldproblems,wesetouttotackletheissueofplasticwastebyrethinkingthewaypolymersaredesignedsowecouldmakeplasticswithrecyclabilitybuiltrightin.(人們已經(jīng)開始了解塑料對人類生活和環(huán)境的巨大影響，既有有益的，也有有害的。聚合物科學(xué)家致力于為現(xiàn)實世界的問題發(fā)明可持續(xù)的解決方案，我們開始通過重新思考聚合物的設(shè)計方式來解決塑料垃圾問題，這樣我們就可以制造出具有可回收性的塑料。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要講述了聚合物科學(xué)家如何通過重新設(shè)計聚合物的結(jié)構(gòu)來解決塑料廢物問題，以實現(xiàn)其可回收性。文章強調(diào)了設(shè)計的重要性，并介紹了如何通過特殊的化學(xué)方法制造和回收一種新型的多嵌段聚合物。因此，最能概括文章主題的標(biāo)題應(yīng)該是強調(diào)“設(shè)計”和“回收”這兩個關(guān)鍵詞的。故選A。DHiringprocessescanbethoughtofasabattlebetweenintegrityanddishonesty.Youmightimaginethisisasimplefightbetweentruth-seekingfirmsandself-promotingcandidates,andtoacertainextentitis.Butcompaniesthemselvesareprone(有傾向)tobendrealityoutofshapeinwaysthatareself-defeating.Startwiththeobviouswrongdoers:jobapplicants.Whenitcomestowritingtheresume(簡歷),theytendtomassage(美化)realityintothemostappealingshapepossible.Everyonebeyondacertainlevelofexperienceisatransformationalleaderpersonallyresponsibleforgeneratingmillionsincome;theworldeconomywouldbeabout15timesbiggerthanitactuallyisifallsuchclaimsweretrue.TheaverageBritishspendsfourandahalfhoursadaywatchingTVandonlinevideos.Buteachaveragejobcandidateisanenthusiastforpublicwelfare,usingtheirsparetimeonlyforworthypurposes,likevolunteeringinsoupkitchens.Butthetendencytostretchthetruthinfectscompaniesaswellasapplicants.Thetypicalfirmwillwriteajobdescriptionthatinvariablydescribestheworkenvironmentasfast-pacedandinnovative,andthenlaysoutasetofimprobablerequirementsforthe“idealcandidate”,someonewhoalmostbydefinitiondoesnotexist.Sometimes,therequirementsincludeanabilitytogobackandchangethecourseofhistory.Toofewfirmsofferanaccurateaccountofwhatapositionactuallyinvolvesintheirjobpreviews,whicharesupposedtogiveprospectiveemployeesagenuinesenseofthenegativesandpositivesofthejob,aswellasaclearideaofthecompany’scorporateculture.Oneeffectivestrategyistolayoutintextorvideo,whatatypicaldayintherolewouldlooklike.Suchhonestycanbeitsownreward.Researchhaslongsuggestedthatrealisticjobpreviewsleadtolowerturnoverandhigheremployeesatisfaction.Apaperin2011byDavidEamestofTowsonUniversityandhisco-authorsconcludedthatfavourableperceptionsoftheorganisation’shonestyarethebestexplanationforwhy.Soaprocessdesignedtouncoverthetruthaboutjobapplicantswouldrunalotmoresmoothlyiffirmswerealsohonestaboutthemselves.12.Whyare“l(fā)eader”and“enthusiast”mentionedinparagraph2?A.Topresentarule. B.Toclarifyafact.C.Tomakeacomparison. D.Toexplainaphenomenon.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stretch”inparagraph3mean?A.Overstate. B.Overturn. C.Overlook. D.Overestimate.14.Whatarejobpreviewsexpectedtobelikeinparagraph4?A.Theyshowapositionasitis. B.Theyaremadeeitherintextorvideo.C.Theyarefavorableforbiggerfirms. D.Theymainlycontainnegativesofajob.15.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Painsandgainsofemployees. B.Howtogetthelyingoutofhiring.C.Howtobemoreappealinginhiring. D.Awrestlebetweenapplicantsandcompanies.【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了招聘過程中求職者和公司都傾向于夸大事實，很少有公司提供真實的職位預(yù)覽，但研究表明誠實是一種回報，真實的職位預(yù)覽會降低離職率，提高員工滿意度。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。第二段中“Whenitcomestowritingtheresume(簡歷),theytendtomassage(美化)realityintothemostappealingshapepossible.(在寫簡歷的時候，他們傾向于把現(xiàn)實情況美化成最吸引人的樣子)”提到求職者寫簡歷時會美化現(xiàn)實，下文“Everyonebeyondacertainlevelofexperienceisatransformationalleaderpersonallyresponsibleforgeneratingmillionsincome(每個經(jīng)驗稍長的人都是變革型領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，個人負(fù)責(zé)創(chuàng)造數(shù)百萬的收入)”和“Buteachaveragejobcandidateisanenthusiastforpublicwelfare,usingtheirsparetimeonlyforworthypurposes,likevolunteeringinsoupkitchens.(但平均每位求職者都熱衷于公益事業(yè)，他們只把業(yè)余時間用于有價值的目的，比如在施粥處做志愿)”都是舉例具體說明上述現(xiàn)象，故選D?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“aswellasapplicants(和申請者一樣)”以及“Thetypicalfirmwillwriteajobdescriptionthatinvariablydescribestheworkenvironmentasfast-pacedandinnovative,andthenlaysoutasetofimprobablerequirementsforthe‘idealcandidate’,someonewhoalmostbydefinitiondoesnotexist.(典型的公司會撰寫一份工作描述，總是將工作環(huán)境描述為快節(jié)奏和創(chuàng)新的，并提出一套對‘理想候選人’的不太可能的要求，幾乎按定義來說，這樣的人并不存在)”可知，公司和申請者一樣，也有夸大事實的傾向，stretch意為“夸大”，故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Toofewfirmsofferanaccurateaccountofwhatapositionactuallyinvolvesintheirjobpreviews,whicharesupposedtogiveprospectiveemployeesagenuinesenseofthenegativesandpositivesofthejob,aswellasaclearideaofthecompany’scorporateculture.Oneeffectivestrategyistolayoutintextorvideo,whatatypicaldayintherolewouldlooklike.(很少有公司會在職位預(yù)覽中準(zhǔn)確地描述一個職位的實際工作內(nèi)容，而預(yù)覽的目的是讓未來的員工真正了解這份工作的優(yōu)缺點，以及公司的企業(yè)文化。一個有效的策略是在文字或視頻中列出這個職位的典型一天是怎么過的)”可知，職位預(yù)覽應(yīng)該展示一個職位的真實情況，故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合最后一段中“Suchhonestycanbeitsownreward.(這種誠實本身就是一種回報)”可知，文章介紹了招聘過程中求職者和公司都傾向于夸大事實，很少有公司提供真實的職位預(yù)覽，但研究表明誠實是一種回報，真實的職位預(yù)覽會降低離職率，提高員工滿意度，B項“如何消除招聘中的謊言”能夠總結(jié)文章大意，故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。It’snotsolongagothatcontactlesscardpaymentswereexcitingandnew,butthetechnologyisalreadyold-hat.Thenew,betterwaytopayforthingsinshops?Byusingyourphonetomakeacontactlesspayment.Becausetraditionally,whenyouhavepaidwithacardtap(輕敲)orusingachipandpinmachine,ultimatelytheshopyouarebuyingfromwillbenotingdownallofyourcarddetails.____16____Andthiscouldbeaproblem—itmeansthatiftheshopishacked(侵入)orplaysfastandloosewithitsdata,youcouldfindyourcardnumberexposedtotheworld.However,whenyoutaptopaywithyourdevice,itgeneratesauniqueIDnumberforthatdealandsendsthatinstead.Soyoucanpayforyourgoodsandtheshopcangetyourmoney.____17____Thatistosay,phonepaymentsaresmarter.____18____Ifapickpocketstealsyourcardtheycanimmediatelyuseupthemoney.Butiftheygetyourphone,whenthephonegoestopayitwilltypicallyperformabiometriccheck-itwillaskforafinger-printorusethecameratolookatyourface,tocheckthatyouarewhoyousayyouare.____19____Becauseofthisaddedsecurity,thelimit(限額)istypicallyhigherthanforcontactlesscards.IntheUK,it’saround￡100formostretailers-thoughsomeshopsincludingmostsupermarketsletyouspendmuchmorewithjustatapofthephone.Wanttogiveitatry?Toactuallysetthingsup,gotoyourWalletappandfollowtheinstructions.____20____Thenitwillautomaticallyrecognisethenumbersandconnectwithyourbank.Usuallyyoureceiveatextmessagewithaspecialcodeonit.Andthen,well,you’redone.Whenyoupay,holdyourphoneoverthepaymentmachine,andpayforyourgoods!A.Ithelpstobuildtheclientlist.B.Thesetupprocessvarieswithbanks.C.Nooneneedstoshareanysensitivedata.D.It’salsomoreeffectiveagainstthethreatofthefts.E.Andphonepaymentsareincreasinglyconvenienttoo.F.Typicallythisstartsbyscanningyourcardwithyourphone.G.Therefore,itknowswhichbankaccounttotakethemoneyfrom.【答案】16.G17.C18.D19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了非接觸式手機支付的好處以及設(shè)置方式?！?6題詳解】上文“Becausetraditionally,whenyouhavepaidwithacardtap(輕敲)orusingachipandpinmachine,ultimatelytheshopyouarebuyingfromwillbenotingdownallofyourcarddetails.(因為傳統(tǒng)上，當(dāng)你用刷卡或刷卡機付款時，最終你購買的商店會記下你所有的信用卡細(xì)節(jié))”描述原因，空處應(yīng)是接著說結(jié)果，G項“因此，它知道從哪個銀行賬戶取錢”符合語境，故選G。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“However,whenyoutaptopaywithyourdevice,itgeneratesauniqueIDnumberforthatdealandsendsthatinstead.Soyoucanpayforyourgoodsandtheshopcangetyourmoney.(然而，當(dāng)你用你的設(shè)備點擊支付時，它會為這筆交易生成一個唯一的ID號并發(fā)送。所以你可以支付你的商品，商店可以得到你的錢)”可知，支付時形成的ID一次性的也是是唯一的，因此個人信息不會或數(shù)據(jù)不會被分享出去。C項“沒有人需要分享任何敏感數(shù)據(jù)”符合語境，故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Butiftheygetyourphone,whenthephonegoestopayitwilltypicallyperformabiometriccheck—itwillaskforafinger-printorusethecameratolookatyourface,tocheckthatyouarewhoyousayyouare.(但如果他們拿到了你的手機，當(dāng)手機開始支付時，它通常會進(jìn)行生物識別檢查——它會要求你提供指紋或使用攝像頭查看你的臉，以檢查你是否就是你所說的那個人)”可知，本段是說手機支付能防止盜刷錢財，D項“它還能更有效地抵御盜竊威脅”符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空后“Becauseofthisaddedsecurity,thelimit(限額)istypicallyhigherthanforcontactlesscards.IntheUK,it’saround￡100formostretailers—thoughsomeshopsincludingmostsupermarketsletyouspendmuchmorewithjustatapofthephone.(由于這種增加的安全性，限額通常高于非接觸式卡。在英國，對大多數(shù)零售商來說，這大約是100英鎊——盡管一些商店，包括大多數(shù)超市，你只需點擊一下手機就可以花更多的錢)”可知，本段是說手機支付的便捷，E項“手機支付也越來越方便”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Toactuallysetthingsup,gotoyourWalletappandfollowtheinstructions.(要真正設(shè)置，請進(jìn)入錢包應(yīng)用程序并按照說明進(jìn)行設(shè)置)”及下文“Thenitwillautomaticallyrecognisethenumbersandconnectwithyourbank.(然后，它會自動識別這些號碼，并與你的銀行聯(lián)系)”可知，空處是描述設(shè)置手機支付的第一步，F(xiàn)項“這通常是從用手機掃描信用卡開始的”符合語境，故選F。第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Mylong-distancecyclingcareerof13yearsand35,000kilometresendedasIapproached75.AlthoughIamnownolongerstrongenoughto____21____thelongdaysandbigclimbs,dayinanddayout,Ihavemymemories.Theroadbehindisjustmemories,somesoontobeforgotten,otherstobe____22____andenhancedwiththeretelling.A6000-kilometrecross-countryrideinitiallyappears____23____,but,oncedone,itissimplydone,muchlikethechallengesthatlife____24____.Real____25____wouldcomewhenIwasaloneonmybicycle.Ienjoyedmeetingandeven____26____thedailytargetsIhadsetformyself.Ienjoyedthetechnicalchallengesfacedbytireburstsandloosehandlebars,but____27____notatthattime.Ilovedcyclingwithastrongtailwindpushingmealongandhated____28____intoastrongheadwind.Ilovedstrikingupconversationswithadiversityofpeopleandsincerelyappreciatedthesupportandcomfortthey____29____.Longdistancecyclingbringsunbearableexhaustion,longhoursofanxiety,evenfearanddesperation,butthese_____30_____intoinsignificance,comparedtothejoyand_____31_____ofclimbinghugemountainsorseeingfantasticsightsforthefirsttime.Theexperiencesaddnewnessand_____32_____tomylifeandthememoriesare_____33_____.Mostimportantly,cyclingtaughtmetoknowmyselfbetter.IteventuallydawnedonmethatIhadmore_____34_____andcouragethanIeverimagined.Theself-awarenessandlong-lastingmemorieswillgivemeenormous_____35_____asIcarryonmylifejourney.21.A.appreciate B.choose C.expect D.stand22.A.treasured B.explored C.created D.discussed23.A.boring B.annoying C.confusing D.discouraging24.A.overcomes B.greets C.throws D.ignores25.A.loneliness B.joy C.convenience D.panic26.A.making B.changing C.beating D.finalizing27.A.reasonably B.admittedly C.fortunately D.hopefully28.A.battling B.slipping C.falling D.wandering29.A.owned B.offered C.mentioned D.promised30.A.fit B.pale C.run D.back31.A.reflection B.anticipation C.satisfaction D.motivation32.A.secrets B.rules C.decisions D.dimensions33.A.reliable B.flexible C.inaccessible D.unforgettable34.A.toughness B.curiosity C.imagination D.wisdom35.A.insight B.knowledge C.power D.admiration【答案】21.D22.A23.D24.C25.B26.C27.B28.A29.B30.B31.C32.D33.D34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章作者回顧了自己長達(dá)13年的遠(yuǎn)程騎行生涯，講述了騎行過程中的各種經(jīng)歷、感受以及騎行對作者自身的影響?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然我現(xiàn)在再也沒有足夠的體力去忍受漫長的日子以及艱難的山路攀爬，日復(fù)一日，但我擁有的是滿滿的回憶。A.appreciate欣賞、感激；B.choose選擇；C.expect期待；D.stand站立、忍受。根據(jù)上文“Iamnownolongerstrongenough”可知，作者已經(jīng)75歲了，沒有足夠的體力去忍受長時間的攀爬。故選D?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：身后的道路只是回憶，有些很快就會被遺忘，有些則將隨著反復(fù)述說而被珍藏和升華。A.treasured珍視、珍藏；B.explored探索；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.discussed討論。根據(jù)空后的“enhanced”以及上文“somesoontobeforgotten”可推測，空處是一種比較，有些記憶會忘記，而有些則被珍藏。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：一次6000公里的跨國騎行，起初看起來令人氣餒的，但一旦完成，也就僅僅完成了而已，這與生活中遇到的其他挑戰(zhàn)并無太大不同。A.boring乏味的；B.annoying令人惱怒的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.discouraging令人氣餒的。根據(jù)空前的“initially”以及下文“but,oncedone,itissimplydone”可知，6000公里的騎行，最初聽起來好像讓人望而卻步，但是一旦完成也就僅僅如此。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：一次6000公里的跨國騎行，起初看起來令人望而生畏，但一旦完成，也就僅僅完成了而已，這與生活中遇到的其他挑戰(zhàn)并無太大不同。A.overcomes克服；B.greets迎接、問候；C.throws扔、把……加于；D.ignores忽視。根據(jù)先行詞“thechallenges”以及從句主語“l(fā)ife”可推測，這些挑戰(zhàn)是生活加在我們身上的。故選C。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我獨自騎自行車的時候，真正的快樂就來了。A.loneliness孤獨；B.joy高興；C.convenience便利；D.panic恐慌。根據(jù)下文“Ienjoyedmeetingandeven____6____thedailytargetsIhadsetformyself.Ienjoyedthetechnicalchallengesfacedbytireburstsandloosehandlebars,but____7____notatthattime.”中的“enjoy”可知，這些都是作者所喜愛的，由此可知，作者騎行時感到的是真正的快樂。故選B。【26題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡達(dá)到甚至超過我為自己設(shè)定的每日目標(biāo)。A.making使、制作；B.changing改變；C.beating打、跳動、超過；D.finalizing完成、確定。根據(jù)上文的“meeting”以及空前的“even”可推測，空處指的是比“meeting”更進(jìn)一步，那么自然是超過自己所定的目標(biāo)。故選C。【27題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我很享受輪胎爆胎和車把松動帶來的技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)，但我承認(rèn)，當(dāng)時我并不喜歡。A.reasonably適當(dāng)?shù)?；B.admittedly公認(rèn)地；C.fortunately幸運地；D.hopefully懷著希望地。根據(jù)空前的“but”可知，作者想承認(rèn)的是享受那種技術(shù)挑戰(zhàn)，但是處理挑戰(zhàn)時并不好受。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡在強勁的順風(fēng)推動下騎行，討厭頂著狂風(fēng)艱難前行。A.battling與……作戰(zhàn)；B.slipping滑倒；C.falling摔倒；D.wandering漫步、徘徊。根據(jù)上文“Ilovedcyclingwithastrongtailwindpushingmealong”可知，作者喜歡順風(fēng)騎行，那么相對的，作者討厭的是逆風(fēng)而上的艱難。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我喜歡和各種各樣的人交談，真誠地感謝他們提供的支持和安慰。A.owned擁有；B.offered提供；C.mentioned提及；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)先行詞“thesupportandcomfort”可推測，作者感激的是這些人給自己提供的支持和安慰。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：長途騎行帶來了難以忍受的疲憊，長時間的焦慮，甚至恐懼和絕望，但與攀登高山或第一次看到奇妙風(fēng)景的喜悅和滿足感相比，這些都顯得微不足道。A.fit適合；B.pale相形