英語音標學習

英語音標元音20個單元音12個前元音4個i:ie后元音5個ɑ::u:u中元音3個:雙元音8個合口雙元音5個eiuaiaui集中雙元音3個iu輔音28個清輔音11個ptkfsθttrtsh濁輔音17個bdgvzeddrdzlmnjwr知識:

1元音：發(fā)音響亮,是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構成音節(jié)的主要音;英語中有20元音;

2輔音：發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構成音節(jié)的主要音;英語中有28輔音;各個音節(jié)的詳細讀音：/i:/bee/bi:/feet/fi:t/keep/ki:p/key/ki:/team/ti:m/meet/mi:t//i/it/it/big/big/city/siti/give/giv/sick/sik//e/get/get/best/best/text/tekst/help/help///fat/ft/have/hv/cat/kt/back/bk/hat/ht//a:/laugh/la:f/glass/gla:s/half/ha:f/farm/fa:m/park/pa:k//:/horse/h:s/saw/s:/corn/k:n/course/k:s/salt/s:t///dog/dg/pot/pt/cost/kst/what/wt/honest/′nist//u:/food/fu:d/moon/mu:n/rule/ru:l/loose/lu:s/noon/nu:n//u/book/buk/put/put/good/gud/would/wud/could/kud///must/mst/does/dz/money/′mni/ugly/′gli/come/km//:/nurse/n:s/bird/b:d/burn/b:n/turn/t:n/girl/g:l///better/bet/never/nev/worker/w:k/welcome/welkm//ei/may/mei/name/neim/game/geim/eight/eit/age/eid//u/no/nu/home/hum/hope/hup/wrote/rut/note/nut/pose/puz//ai/eye/ai/time/taim/buy/bai/right/rait/bike/baik/kite/kait//au/now/nau/out/aut/how/hau/about/′baut/south/sauθ/house/haus//i/boy/bi/toy/ti/noise/niz/voice/vis/point/pint/coin/kin//i/ear/i/near/ni/idea/ai′di/hear/hi/mere/mi/spear/spi//ε/air/ε/tear/tε/care/kε/dare/dε/fair/fε/there/eε//u/tour/tu/poor/pu/sure/u/moor/mu/停泊your/ju//p/pea/pi:/pie/pai/top/tp/cap/kp/people/pi:pl/pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/by/bai/buy/bai/black/blk/bear/bε//t/let/let/sat/st/feet/fi:t/team/ti:m/tide/taid//d/led/led/sad/sd/feed/fi:d/do/du:/dear/di//k/lack/lk/take/teik/clock/klk/class/kla:s/weekend/′wi:kend//g/big/big/lag/lg/glass/gla:s/gum/gm/good/gud/guest/gest//f/face/feis/fast/fa:st/leaf/li:f/surf/s:f/favorite/′feivrit//v/very/′veri/five/faiv/fever/′fi:v/serve/s:v/never/′nev//θ/bath/ba:θ/v洗澡thick/θik/mouth/mauθ/breath/breθ/n呼吸thought/θ:t/author/′θ/truth/tru:θ//e/the/e/they/eei/that/et/mother/′me/thus/es/then/een//s/face/feis/mouse/maus/cakes/keiks/caps/kps/likes/laiks/stops/stps//z/close/kluz/keys/ki:z/boys/biz/pens/penz/halves/ha:vz//t/catch/kt/cheep/ti:p/rich/rit/watch/wt/child/taild/question/kwestn/teach/ti:t/challenge/tlind//d/orange/′rid/large/la:d/juice/du:s/job/db//tr/tree/tri:/try/trai/true/tru:/trouble/traubl/track/trk//dr/dry/drai/dream/dri:m/dress/dres/drink/drik/hundred/′hndrid///she/i:/sharp/a:p/fish/fi/shock/k/shoe/u:///pleasure/′ple/measure/′me/television/′telivin//ts/let′s/lets/sports/sp:ts/puts/puts/writes/raits/seats/si:ts//dz/hands/hndz/birds/b:dz/friends/freindz/beds/bedz/stands/stndz//h/he/hi:/hard/ha:d/him/him/heard/h:d/half/ha:f//l/like/laik/late/leit/learn/l:n/lead/li:d/light/lait//m/my/mai/more/m:/seem/si:m/meat/mi:t/mind/maind/men/men//n/nice/nais/wind/waind/mind/maind/rain/rein/fine/fain///sing/si/wing/wi/ring/ri/long/l/beautiful/bju:tfl//j/you/ju:/few/fju:/yard/ja:d/music/′mju:zik/student/′stju:dnt/excuse/ik′skju:z//w/work/w:k/way/wei/well/wel/what/wt/twelve/twelv/twin/twin//r/red/red/road/rud/write/rait/wrong/r/problem/′prblm/音標綜合練習：1./i://i//e////bit//wi:k//di:l//ril//kid//dig//kwik//tip//zip//rid//wil//fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet//pk//gp//kg//ng//rm//btl//sed//′hpi//ten//red/petpackgapcapnagrambattlesaidhappytenred/′setl//tr//di′pend/settletrashdepend2./a://:////u://u//a:sk//ma:sk//pa:st//fra:ns//d//l:n//n:t//p:z//fks//sk/askmaskpastFranceoddlawnnaughtpausefoxsock/fa://la:d//ma:k//l:d//t://st:m//pt//krp//θt//prmis/farlargemarkLordtorchstormpotcropthoughtpromise/huk//lu:s//sut//tuk//mud//θru://pul//wud/hookloosesoottookmoodthroughpullwood3.///////bz//dl//′hri//glf//′trbl//:n//s:f//′t:n//′beg//tk/bussdullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k:b//:k//′merik//′sk//′kmp//s′vei//p′veid//p′hps/curbirkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b:′lesk//′m:d/burlesquemurder3./ei//u//ai//au//i//keip//greit//mein//prpuz//′mun//stun//′uv//sait/kapegreatmainproposemotionstoneoversight/raim//daut//′taipist//aust//mist//′ist/rhymedoubttypistoustmoistoyster4./i////u//vi//′f//d//sk//bun//gud//′rurl//′pi//klmbi/veeraffairdarescarebourngourdruralappearColombia/mtiril//mistiris/materialmysterious5./θ//e//mnθ//θi:f//et//en//feiθ//t′gee//θk//em′selvz/monththiefthatthanfaithtogetherthankthemselves元音發(fā)音規(guī)則：一、前元音所謂前元音是指發(fā)音時要使用舌前部,也就是說舌前部要向硬腭抬起,舌尖要抵住下齒,口形扁平,不要收圓;四個前元音中發(fā)i:的時候舌前部抬得最高,牙床近乎全合;發(fā)i的時候舌前部比i:稍低,牙床也開得稍大一些;上下齒之間的距離大約可以容納一個小指尖;發(fā)第三個前元音e的時候舌前部比i又要第一些,牙床也開得更大一些;上下齒之間的距離大約相當于一個食指尖;發(fā)第四個前元音的時候舌前部最低,牙床開得最大;上下齒之間的距離大約相當于一個食指加中指;二、后元音所謂后元音是指發(fā)音時要使用舌的后部,也就是說舌后部要向軟腭抬起;發(fā)后元音時舌尖可以不抵下齒;除了后元音ɑ:要用中常唇外,其它四個音都要用圓唇,發(fā)音時嘴要攏圓;個別的音如uu:嘴唇還要向前突出;其次,要注意后元音的舌位;五個后元音中ɑ:的舌位最低,開口最大;的舌位比ɑ:稍高,開口度比ɑ:稍小;:的舌位比又要更高一些,開口度比再小一些;u的舌位比:又要高一些,開口度再小一些;u:的舌位最高,開口最小;三、中元音所謂中元音是指發(fā)音時要使用舌的中部,也就是說舌的中部要稍稍抬起,舌尖可以輕抵下齒,口形扁平或中常;:的舌位最高,的舌位最低,的舌位介乎兩者之間,比:稍低,比稍高;上面提到了12個單元音;英語里還有8個雙元音;這8個雙元音又可分成兩類,合口雙元音和集中雙元音,下面分別講解;四、合口雙元音所謂“合口雙元音”是指兩個元音中的第二個元音都是一個合口元音i或u;發(fā)雙元音時要注意從第一個元音向第二個元音滑動;在滑動過程中,口形、舌位都有明顯的變化;另外,還要注意雙元音的下面幾個特點：1、前長后短前音長后音短;2、前重后輕前音發(fā)得重,后音發(fā)得輕;3、前音清楚,后音模糊;五、集中雙元音所謂集中雙元音是指兩個元音中的第二個元音都是中元音;發(fā)音時要注意第一個元音向第二個元音滑動時的口形和舌位的變化;比如發(fā)I時舌位由前元音i向中元音的滑動;口形由半合的扁唇變?yōu)樯愿哂诎腴_的扁唇;發(fā)時由相當于前元音的舌位向中元音滑動,口形由半開的中常唇變?yōu)樯愿哂诎腴_的扁唇;發(fā)u時由后元音u向中元音的滑動,口形由半合的圓唇變?yōu)樯愿哂诎腴_的扁唇;英語里的28個輔音,按照不同的發(fā)音方法又可以把它們分為六類;一、爆破音爆破音一共有六個,根據(jù)發(fā)音時聲帶是否振動可以分為清輔音和濁輔音兩種;清輔音有三個：p,t,k；濁輔音也有三個：b,d,g;這樣,六個爆破音就可以歸納為清、濁相對應的三對;第一對是：p,b,第二對是：t,d,第三對時k,g;二、摩擦音摩擦音一共有十個;其中八個音又可以分為清、濁音相對應的四對;第一對是唇齒摩擦音f,v;發(fā)音時下唇輕觸上齒,氣流通過時摩擦成音,f是清輔音,v是濁輔音;第二對是舌齒摩擦音θ,e;發(fā)音時舌尖要輕觸上齒邊緣;θ是清輔音,e是濁輔音;第三對是舌端齒齦摩擦音s,z;發(fā)音時舌端靠近上齒齦,氣流通過時摩擦成音;s是清輔音,z是濁輔