Unit2 知識點以及同步練習 學案 人教版英語八年級上冊

Unit2知識點和同步練習SectionA知識講解1．exercise的用法1）exercise可以作動詞，意為“鍛煉”2）可以作名詞，意為“運動，鍛煉”，為不可數(shù)名詞doexercise=takeexercise做鍛煉，做運動3）意為“習題，體操”時為可數(shù)名詞，常和動詞do搭配使用，且作“體操”講時多用復數(shù)形式。domorningexercises做早操，doeyeexercises做眼保健操2.helpwithhousework幫助做家務1）helpwithsth.意為“幫助做某事”2）helpsb.withsth.=helpsb.(to)dosth.幫助某人做某事●Ioftenhelphim______hisEnglish.=Ioftenhelphim__________English. 3）withone’shelp=withthehelpofsb在某人的幫助下●Ipasstheexam__________myteacher’shelp.=Ican’tpasstheexam__________myteacher’shelp.【拓展】①helponeselfto…請隨便吃/喝···②can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事●③helpout幫助…解決困難,幫助…對付注意：housework意為“家務勞動”，homework為家庭作業(yè)，都是不可數(shù)名詞3.sometimes有時：辨析：sometimes，sometimes，sometime，sometimesometimes頻度副詞有時，偶爾提問howoftensometimes名詞短語幾次；幾倍提問howmanytimessometime副詞某個時間段提問whensometime名詞短語一段時間提問howlong口訣記憶：分開是“一段”，相連是“某時”；分開s是“幾次”，相連“s”是有時。4.hardlyever幾乎不比較：hard、hardly和hardlyever1）hard作形容詞時，意為“困難的；硬的；勤奮的；嚴厲的；苛刻的”。hard作副詞時常用來表示程度，意為“努力地；猛烈地；劇烈地”，位于動詞之后。2）hardly副詞，意為“幾乎不”，表示否定意義，位于實義動詞之前，系動詞、助動詞、或情態(tài)動詞之后。3）hardlyever是表頻率的副詞，意為“幾乎不；幾乎沒有”，相當于almostnot,seldom。練一練：①Thereis____________foodleft.幾乎沒有食物剩下。②He____________.他幾乎不工作。③He____________.他工作努力。④Itrained______thismorning.今天早上雨下得大。拓展：常見的頻率副詞有always，usually，often，sometimes，hardly_ever，never與疑問詞howoften對應。表示的頻率由always向never遞減。在句中位于實意動詞之前，情態(tài)動詞(can等)、助動詞(do等)、連系動詞(be等)之后。但sometimes也可在句首?！馭ometimesIgotoschoolbybike.5.howoften多久一次意為“多久一次”，常用于對時間頻率提問?；卮鹂捎胦nce/twice/threetimesaday(一天一/兩/三次)，everyday(每天)，sometimes(有時)，never(從不)，veryoften(經(jīng)常)等。詞語詞義用法答語特征howlong多久詢問時間多久for/about+一段時間howoften多久一次詢問動作的頻率often,twiceaweek等howsoon多快，過多久詢問時間多快in+一段時間howfar多遠詢問距離多遠tenminutes’walk/fivekilometershowmany多少詢問可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)howmuch多少詢問不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量數(shù)詞+表示量的詞+不可數(shù)名詞多少錢詢問價格數(shù)詞+錢-isitfromthevillagetoyourfarm?-About10minutes’walk.-areyouleavingforBeijing?-Inafewdays.-doyouwatchTVeveryday?-Maybe1hour.-doyouhelpwithhousework?-Everyday.-isthetree?-About300yearsold.-doyouhavedanceandpianolessons?-Maybeeverytwoweeks.-houseworkdoyoudoeveryday?-Justalittle.-programsdidyouwatch?-Three.-aretheapples?-Tenyuan.6.free意為“空閑的，有空的”反義詞busy。befree意為“閑著，有空”，相當于havetime●Heisfreenow.=He____________now.他現(xiàn)在有空。拓展：free還可譯為“免費的,自由的”befreetodosth.自由地做某事●Theticketsarefree.票是免費的。7．quitefull很忙，相當忙.1）adj.full還可譯為“滿的，充滿的”。反義詞是empty，意為“空的”。拓展：AbefullofB.=AbefillwithB;A中充滿了B。練一練：Thehallis_______people.A.fillwithB.fullwithC.filledofD.filledwith2）fulladj.“飽的”。其反義詞是hungry，意為“饑餓的”。8．maybe“也許，大概，可能”，常位于句首。辨析：maybe和maybemaybe“也許，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）相當于另一副詞perhapsMaybeyouareright.也許你是對的。MaybeheknowsTom.也許他認識Tom。maybe“可能是，也許是”。為“情態(tài)動詞+be動詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。（位于句中）Youmayberight.你也許是對的。①LilyanEnglishteacher.Lily可能是一名英語老師。=_________________________②—WhereisMike?—________heisintheclassroom.A．MustB．MaybeC．MayD．Maybe9.look、see、watch和read辨析：1）look為不及物動詞，后接賓語時須用介詞at，著重_______=havealookat2）see著重_______，即“看到，看見”。3）read多指“看書、報”，這里的“看”為“讀”。4）watch著重_______也常用于“看電視，看比賽”等短語中,還表示“注視，觀看，監(jiān)視”之意。Howcome？怎么會？怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點想不通；可單獨使用，也可引導一個問句，相當于疑問句why,但howcome開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序?！馠owcomeTomdidn’tcometotheparty?=Whydidn’tTomcometotheparty?SectionA練習一、單項選擇()1.-doyouplayfootball?-Onceaweek.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowlongD.Howoften()2．—Whatwastheweatherlikeyesterday?

—Itwasterrible.Itrainedso____thatpeoplecould____goout.A．hardly;hardB．hardly;hardly C．hard;hardly D．hard;hard()3．—Don’t________toolate.Youwillfeeltiredinclass.—Iwon’t,Mum.A．callup B．wakeup C．stayup D．getup()4．─__________doyourfamilytakeavacationeveryyear？─Threetimes.A．Howmanytimes B．Howoften C．Howsoon D．Howlong()5.—______sheisateacher.—Idon’tthinkso.Ithinkshe___adoctorbecauseIsawherinthehospitallastweek.A.Maybe;maybeB.Maybe;maybeC.Maybe;maybeD.Maybe;maybe()6.Themanisveryold.Ithinkheis________90yearsold.A．a(chǎn)tlastB．a(chǎn)tleastC．lessthanD.atmost()7.-Mom,Ican’tcarrythebox.It_____sand（沙）.Itistooheavy-Don’tworry,dear.Iwillhelpyousoon.A．isfullofB.isinterestedinC.isgoodwithD.isafraidof()8.-Barcelonalostthebasketballgamelastnight.-_____Itisunbelievable(難以置信的）.Theyalwayswin.Howcome?B.NevermindCIcan’tagreemore.D.That’scommon.()9.---_______doyousleepeveryevening?---About8hours.HowoftenB.HowlongC.HowfarD.Howsoon()10.—Doyouoftengotothegym?—No,__________.Idon’tlikesportsatall.A.alwaysB.neverC.sometimesD.usually()11.Icould______hardlyhearwhatyousaidjustnow.Couldyoupleasesayitagain?A.sometimesB.alwaysC.hardlyD.clearly()12.—_________?—Igoshopping.A.WhendoyougoshoppingB.HowoftendoyougoshoppingC.HowlongdoyougoshoppingonweekendsD.Whatdoyouusuallydoonweekends二、根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示完成句子。1.Wecaneasilyfindsomeusefulinformationaboutitonthe_____________(因特網(wǎng)).2.The__________(擺動)oftheshipmademanypeopleseasick(暈船).3.Peterdoesn’tfeelwell._________(或許)heatetoomuchjustnow.4.Stevegoestothemovieswithhiscousinat__________(最少的)twiceamonth.5.Aliceoftenhelpshermotherwithsome______________(家務活).6.AnimalWorldismyfavoritep_____________.Whataboutyours?7.Sallyoftengoestothemovieswithherparentsonw______________.8.Mikeusuallydoeshishomeworkathome,buts________________hedoesitatschool.9.Mr.Greenwatchesmovies______________(兩次）aweek.10.AnimalWorldismyfavorite___________(節(jié)目）11.Tomorrowisquitef_________(忙的)forme.Ican’tgoshoppingwithyou.三、用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當形式填空。1.Mike,youneedtosleepat_________(little)eighthourseverynight.2.Wedomorning_____________(exercise)everyday.3.ThetwinscanwatchTVthree_____________(time)aweek.4.Wouldyoulikedosome____________(shop)onSaturdaymorning?5.He__________(usual)goestothelibraryonweekends.6.Thisisa___________(hard)question.Ican____________(hard)answerit.7.MarkusuallywatchesTV_____________(two)aweek.8.Alotofvegetableshelpyou______________(keep)ingoodhealth.9.Hishead__________(swing)whenhewalked.10.Howabout____________(swing)onarope?It’sfun.11.Sheoften________(help)hermotherdohousework.12He_______(go)shoppingonceaweek.13Howoften_______(do)Tom________(do)hishomework?四、翻譯1．大多數(shù)學生常在周末打籃球。______studentsusuallyplaybasketball___________.2．你正在學習哪種舞蹈？________________________danceareyoulearning?3．這些天露西忙著學跳搖擺舞。Lucy________________________swingdancethesedays.4．彼得幾乎從不吃雞蛋，他一點都不喜歡它們。Peter_____________eatseggs.Hedoesn'tlikethematall.5．蒂娜沒有做好，但至少她竭盡全力了。Tinadidn'tdoitwell,but________________shetriedherbest.他可能是個科學家。_______he______ascientist./He______________ascientist.7不要熬夜，因為你明天得早起。否則我得把你叫醒。Don’t_____________becauseyouhaveto___________earlytomorrow,orIhaveto_____you______.8.對我來說，下周相當忙.Nextweek_____________forme.SectionB知識講解1.Herearetheresults.這是（調(diào)查）結(jié)果。here位于句首，句子要倒裝。Hereis+單數(shù)名詞;Hereare+復數(shù)findv.發(fā)現(xiàn)；找到1）find+賓語+名詞●Wefindhimagoodboy.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個好孩子。2）find+賓語+形容詞●Hefoundtheroomdirty.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)房間很臟。3）find+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞●Ifoundhersingingunderthetree.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)她正在樹下唱歌。拓展：①lookfor也有“_”的意思，通常強調(diào)“找”的_。②find動詞，意為“”，通常強調(diào)“找”的。③findout意為“_”，多指通過調(diào)查、打聽或研究之后搞清楚或弄明白。percent百分之…構(gòu)成：基數(shù)詞+percent，常用“數(shù)詞＋percentof＋名詞”，這一結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語的單復數(shù)要看percentof后跟的名詞，如果是可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，謂語應該用復數(shù)，如果是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語應該用單數(shù)?！馮hirtypercentofthestudents______(like)watchinggameshows.●70percentofwater_______(be)saltywater(鹽水)。surprisedadj.驚奇的，感到意外的1）besurprisedatsb./sth./doingsth.對…感到驚奇2）besurprisedtodosth.對做某事感到驚訝besurprisedthat+從句.因…而感到驚訝【拓展】surprising令人驚訝的toone’ssurprise令某人驚訝的是insurprise驚訝地；吃驚地讓他吃驚地是，他獲得了第一名.___________________,hegotthefirstprize.他吃驚90％的學生每天都看電視。He_____________________ninetypercentofthestudentswatchTVeveryday.這個令人吃驚的消息讓每一個人都感到吃驚。The_______newsmadeeverybody________.他吃驚地的看著我，一言不發(fā)。Helookedatme__________________withoutanyword.theanswerstoquestions問題的答案thewaytosp去某地的路thekeytothedoor門的鑰匙thekeytosuccess成功的秘訣although“雖然，盡管”。although的意思相當于though，意為“盡管，雖然”，用來引導讓步狀語從句。它所引導的從句不能與并列連詞but;and;so等連用，但可以和yet;still等詞連用。①________itrained，theboysstillplayedoutside.=Itrained，___________theboysstillplayedoutside.②AlthoughIgetupearly,Ican’tcatchtheearlybus.=Igetupearly,butIcan’tcatchtheearlybus.【拓展】在asthough好像，似，eventhough即使7.It’s+adj+（forsb.）+todosth.意為“（對某人來說）做某事是……的”。1）It's＋adj.＋forsb.todosth.當形容詞修飾todosth.時，用介詞for，句中形容詞是用來說明todosth.的●It’snecessaryforustoeatmorefruitandvegetables.對我們來說，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。2）It's＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth.當形容詞修飾sb.時，應用介詞of句中形容詞可與邏輯主語sb.構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，即形容詞是用來說明或形容sb.（某人）的。，●It’sverykindofyoutohelpus.你能幫助我們真是太好了。練一練：①Itisveryimportantforus_______Englishwell.②It’sverynice___you_______myparentsyourbestwishes.8.byprep.通過…方式1）后常加工具或v-ing,(bydoingsth.通過做某事)●Ioftenrelaxbylisteningtomusic.我經(jīng)常通過聽音樂來放松。by+交通工具乘….●Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.我通常乘公交車去上學。by+時間到…..時（為止）●YoumusthandinyourhomeworkbyFriday.你必須星期五之前交作業(yè)。4）by+地點在…..旁邊【拓展】①through和by的區(qū)別through后常加名詞表示手段媒介，以；憑借；穿過throughexercise通過鍛煉;by后常加工具或v-ing②through，across，overthrough意為“穿過”，指從物體的里面穿過。across意為“穿過”，指從物體的表面通過。over意為“越過；跨過”，指越過一個有高度的物體。suchas例如；像…這樣，后面跟名稱、代詞、動詞的ing形式?！馡havealotofhobbies,suchas__________and___________.我有許多愛好，比如讀書和唱歌。拓展：1）suchadj.&pron.這樣的；那樣的；類似的；作形容詞時，其后修飾名詞。2）such和so二者都有“如此；such用來修飾名詞，so用來修飾形容詞或副詞。①such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(單數(shù))②such＋adj.＋n.(復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞)③so＋adj./adv.④so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(單數(shù))＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(單數(shù))⑤so＋many/few/much/little＋n.(復數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞)辨析：spend,take,cost,pay1）spend，主語是人，意為“度過”或“花費（時間、金錢）”spendtime\moneyonsth.在...上花費時間或金錢.=spendtime\money(in)doingsth.花費時間或金錢做某事●Don’tspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV.=Don’tspendtoomuchtimeTV.2）take后面常跟雙賓語，常見用法：Ittakessb.＋時間/金錢＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少時間3）cost的主語是物，sth.costssb.＋金錢/時間某物花了某人多少錢4）pay的主語是人，付錢pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付錢（給某人）買……payforsth.付……的錢。paysb.付錢給某人。die是動詞，意為“死亡”，是短暫性動作，常用于過去時中，過去式為died。【拓展】die有多個變形詞：詞條詞性詞義所作成分用法dead形容詞死了的，無生命的表語、定語可以與段時間連用die動詞死，死亡謂語不能與段時間連用death名詞死亡，去世主語、賓語dying形容詞垂死的，即將死去的表語、定語●Thetreeis.這棵樹死了?！馭helookedathercatsadly.她傷心地看著她死去的貓?！馦ygrandpatwoyearsago.我爺爺兩年前去世了?！馮hefishwillwithoutwater.魚離開水會死去?！馛araccidentshavecausedalotof.車禍造成很多人死亡?！馮hedoctorshavesavedtheman.醫(yī)生們救活了那個垂死的人。however“然而，不過”。too常用于肯定句，句尾，一般有逗號also一般位于句中either常用于否定句，位于句末，一般有逗號however副詞，用逗號隔開but但是，連詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折morethan相當于over，意為“超過，多余”。lessthan意為“不到，少于”。其反義詞為morethan\over“多余，超過”health為名詞，意為“健康”，形容形式healthy，意為“健康的”。unhealthy“不健康的，是healthy的反義詞。healthily是“健康地”，是副詞。在名詞詞尾加y構(gòu)成形容詞，類似的詞還有：rain—rainy雨—下雨的sun—sunny太陽—晴朗的luck—lucky幸運—幸運的wind—windy風—刮風的afraid形容詞，擔心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。1）beafraidofsb/sth害怕某人/某事；●Somechildrenareafraidofthedark.一些孩子怕黑。2）beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事。●Don’tbeafraidofaskingquestion.不要害怕問問題。3）beafraidtodosth害怕做某事●Don'tbeafraidtodoanythingwrong.不要害怕做錯事情。4）I’mafraid+從句，恐怕，擔心●I’mafraidIhavetogonow.我恐怕不得不離開了。16.none和noone區(qū)別nonenoone沒有人既可指人，又可指物只能指人可單獨使用，也可以noneof+sth，謂語動詞可單可復單獨使用，不與of連用常用于howmany/much的回答用于who的回答()2.----Didanyoneinyourclassdoanythingfunlastweekend?----No,____ofusdid.BecausewehadtostudyforthemathtestonMonday.A.noneB.bothC.eachD.all()3._______enjoyssuchmusicinmyfamily.It'stoonoisy.A.NoneB.AllC.NooneD.Both1.-Whoareyouspeakingto?_____________.2.-Howmanystudentsarethereintheclassroom?________17.辨析：begoodfor,begoodat,begoodwith與begoodto①begoodfor意為“對……有好處”。其反義詞組為bebadfor，意為“對……有害”。其中for為介詞，后接名詞或代詞。②begoodat（doingsth）.…“擅長……”相當于dowellin..③begoodwith(sb.)=getalongwellwith(sb.)“與（某人）相處得好”。④begoodto(sb.)=bekind/friendlyto(sb.)“對（某入）友好”。Tomisgoodatmath=Tom____________________math.MyEnglishteacherisgoodtous=MyEnglishteacher____________________us.Areyougoodwithyouoldpeople?=_____you_____along_________oldpeople?7、Walkinginthemorning________yourhealth.A.aregoodforB.isgoodforC.isgoodatSectionB練習一、單項選擇()1．_____itwasverycold,_____myfriendstillwentswimminginJialingRiverthismorning.A．Although;but B．Although;/C．But;although D．/;although()2．Itwas_________lovelyweather_______wedecidedtospendthedayonthebeach.A.sucha;thatB.such;thatC.such;asD.so;that()3.Myparentsoftenaskme__toomuchtime__computergames.A．nottospend,playingB.nottospend,toplayC．tonotspend,playD.notspend,play()4.DidyoufindtheanswerthequestionaboutTVveryinteresting?A.to,watchingB,of,watchingC.to，watchedD.of,watched()5.--WhenwasShenzhou-10sentintospace?______theafternoonofJune11,2013.A.At B.On C.In D.For()6.It’sgoodtolearnEnglishby_____Englishprograms.A.watchB.watchesC.watchingD.watched()7.Inthefactory,_________theworkers_______fromthecountry. A.percentfortyof,areB.percentsforty,isC.fortypercentof,areD.fortypercents,is()8.Mr.Ligoestohishometown________ayear.A.oneortwoB.onceortwoC.oneortwiceD.onceortwice().9JillisstudentinNo2HighSchool.A.an18-years-oldB.an18yearsoldC.a18-year-oldD.an18-year-old()9.It’sbadforyou______toomuchjunkfood.A.eatB.toeatC.eatingD.ate二、單詞適當形式填空1.Tokeephealthy,Idecide_________(exercise)halfanhoureveryday.2.Hisparentsdon'twanthim_________(play)computergamesonweekends.3．Ilovesportssuchas__________(play)soccer.4．Agoodway__________(keep)healthyisthroughexercise.5.It'sgoodforour__________（健康）todrinkmilkeveryday.6.Jack’smothermakesJackspendfortyminutes__________(read)books.7.IliketolearnEnglishby__________(watch)Englishmovies.8.Iam_