《水處理技術(shù)（雙語(yǔ)）》課件-砂過(guò)濾單元

Sandfiltrationunit-coarsefiltration砂過(guò)濾單元--粗過(guò)濾概述Overview1.膜：是指在一種流體相內(nèi)或是在兩種流體相之間有一層薄的凝聚相，它把流體相分隔為互不相通的兩部分，并能使這兩部分之間產(chǎn)生傳質(zhì)作用。Membrane:Athincohesivelayerwithinafluidphaseorbetweentwofluidphases,whichseparatesthefluidphasesintotwopartsthatarenotincontactwitheachotherandenablesmasstransferbetweenthesetwoparts.2.膜過(guò)濾：是指利用特定材質(zhì)的薄膜過(guò)濾掉液體（水）中的污染物或其他成分的過(guò)濾方法。膜過(guò)濾采用的是一種半透膜，它只允許特定的物質(zhì)可通過(guò)薄膜。Membranefiltration:isafiltrationmethodthatusesamembraneofaspecificmaterialtofilteroutcontaminantsorothercomponentsfromaliquid(water).Membranefiltrationusesasemi-permeablemembranewhichallowsonlyspecificsubstancestopassthroughthemembrane.該工作單元側(cè)重兩點(diǎn)Thisworkunitfocusesontwopoints一是將飲用水中常用的固態(tài)物分離的固態(tài)物過(guò)濾過(guò)程oneisthesolidsfiltrationprocessthatseparatesthesolidscommonlyusedindrinkingwater過(guò)濾原理圖概述Overview概述Overview實(shí)際上，

使用沙層，通過(guò)在一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴落的過(guò)程中進(jìn)行深層過(guò)濾來(lái)濾出未溶物和懸浮污染物。

Ineffect,thesandlayerisusedtofilteroutundissolvedandsuspendedcontaminantsbydeepfiltrationinalittledripprocess.污染物滯留在沙層，沉積形成濾后沉淀。隨著時(shí)間的推進(jìn)，滲透性降低，沙層上方水位上升，并通過(guò)感應(yīng)的方式記錄下來(lái)。Contaminantsareretainedinthesandlayeranddepositedtoformpost-filtrationsedimentation.Astimeprogresses,permeabilitydecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerrisesandisrecordedbyinduction.傳感器信號(hào)將入口關(guān)閉，并開(kāi)始反流過(guò)程。在PC上通過(guò)附帶的軟件對(duì)過(guò)濾過(guò)程的參數(shù)化進(jìn)行配置.Thesensorsignalclosestheinletandstartsthebackflowprocess.TheparameterizationofthefiltrationprocessisconfiguredonaPCviatheincludedsoftware.例如改變反流時(shí)間或調(diào)整凈化空氣壓力，以粉碎濾后沉淀。含有粒度不同的石英砂礫的不同過(guò)濾層的結(jié)構(gòu)，以及通過(guò)透明過(guò)濾外殼對(duì)清潔性能進(jìn)行監(jiān)視，屬于特殊環(huán)節(jié)。Forexample,thebackflowtimeischangedorthepurgeairpressureisadjustedtocrushthepost-filtrationprecipitation.Thestructureofthedifferentfilterlayerscontainingquartzgravelswithdifferentparticlesizesandthemonitoringofthecleaningperformancebymeansoftransparentfilterhousingsarespecialaspects.二是污水處理技術(shù)Second,sewagetreatmenttechnology功能Function該工作單元專(zhuān)門(mén)針對(duì)飲用水和污水工程中固體分離方面經(jīng)常采用的過(guò)濾方法。Thisworkingunitisspecificallydesignedforfiltrationmethodsoftenusedintheseparationofsolidsindrinkingwaterandwastewaterengineering.跟大自然一樣，沙層用來(lái)在通過(guò)深層過(guò)濾滲透時(shí)截留住懸浮在水中的未溶解雜質(zhì)。Likenature,thesandlayerisusedtotrapundissolvedimpuritiessuspendedinthewaterasitpercolatesthroughdeepfiltration.這些污染物附著在沙層中，形成濾餅。隨著時(shí)間的推移，沙層的滲透性降低，沙層上方的水位增加，由傳感器進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。傳感器信號(hào)可以中斷進(jìn)水，然后開(kāi)始反向沖洗過(guò)程。Thesecontaminantsadheretothesandlayerandformafiltercake.Overtime,thepermeabilityofthesandlayerdecreasesandthewaterlevelabovethesandlayerincreases,whichisdetectedbysensors.Thesensorsignalcaninterruptthewaterintakeandthenstartthebackwashingprocess.過(guò)濾過(guò)程的參數(shù)設(shè)置是通過(guò)隨軟件在PC上進(jìn)行的，例如：調(diào)整反向沖洗時(shí)間或用于分解濾餅的沖洗空氣的壓力設(shè)置。TheparametersofthefiltrationprocessaresetonthePCusingtheaccompanyingsoftware,e.g.toadjustthebackflushtimeorthepressuresettingoftheflushingairusedtobreakupthefiltercake.功能Function學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)重要內(nèi)容是：介紹由不同顆粒大小的石英砂和石英礫石構(gòu)成的過(guò)濾層，以及通過(guò)透明的外罩觀察它們各自的清潔性能。Animportantpartofthestudyisthepresentationofthefilterlayersconsistingofquartzsandandquartzgravelofdifferentparticlesizesandtheobservationoftheirrespectivecleaningpropertiesthroughatransparentoutercover.功能Function主要包括：Mainlyincludes:水箱（地下水）1個(gè)，1Xwatertank(groundwater)沙濾裝置1套，1setofsandfilteringdevice.凈水箱1個(gè)，1Xwaterpurificationtank.反沖洗泵1個(gè)，1Xbackwashing

pump.PID控制界面兩個(gè)2x

PIDcontrolinterfaces吸液裝置1套（模擬污染物）1setofaspirationdevices

(simulatedcontaminants)EDS過(guò)濾整體介紹EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction它是一種控訴沙過(guò)濾裝置，可以模擬快速沙濾、反沖洗過(guò)程。Itisacontrolv.sandfiltrationdevicethatcansimulatetherapidsandfiltrationandbackwashingprocess.EDS過(guò)濾整體介紹EDSfiltrationoverallintroduction前視圖FrontViewEDS膜過(guò)濾的簡(jiǎn)介IntroductiontoEDSmembranefiltration后視圖Rearview定義：是指液體在強(qiáng)制通過(guò)多孔材料或?yàn)V床時(shí)，與固體懸浮物分離的過(guò)程。Definition:Itistheprocessofseparationofaliquidfromsuspendedsolidsasitisforcedthroughaporousmaterialorfilterbed.由于固體與液體密度相當(dāng)，導(dǎo)致固體懸浮在液體中，而使用絮凝、浮選和沉淀都無(wú)法再去除的固體，可使用過(guò)濾的方法去除。Solidsthatcannolongerberemovedusingflocculation,flotationandsedimentationduetotheircomparabledensitytotheliquid,resultinginsolidssuspendedintheliquid,canberemovedusingfiltration.過(guò)濾是由過(guò)濾介質(zhì)兩側(cè)的壓差驅(qū)動(dòng)。Filtrationisdrivenbythedifferentialpressurebetweenthetwosidesofthefiltermedia.過(guò)濾的分離機(jī)制基于過(guò)濾介質(zhì)的空隙。Theseparationmechanismoffiltrationisbasedonthevoidsofthefiltermedia.過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge表面過(guò)濾：膜過(guò)濾Surfacefiltration:membranefiltration深層過(guò)濾：沙過(guò)濾Deepfiltration:sandfiltration過(guò)濾一般分為表面過(guò)濾和深層過(guò)濾。Filtrationisgenerallydividedintosurfacefiltrationanddeepfiltration.過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge過(guò)程特性慢速沙濾快速沙濾過(guò)濾速率0.05-0.3m/h5-15m/h介質(zhì)直徑0.3-0.45mm0.5-1.2mm床深0.9-1.5m0.6-1.8m氧含量3mg/l---成熟期幾天時(shí)間15分鐘-2小時(shí)預(yù)處理不需要混凝主要過(guò)濾機(jī)制濾除、生物活動(dòng)深層過(guò)濾/濾除再生方法刮擦清洗反沖洗沙過(guò)濾裝置是最常見(jiàn)的深層過(guò)濾。Sandfiltrationunitsarethemostcommontypeofdeepfiltration.沙濾裝置除了石英砂材料外，還可能用到無(wú)煙煤、鐵砂等。底部一般位砂礫支撐層，上方位為過(guò)濾介質(zhì)（石英沙、無(wú)煙煤等）Sandfilterdevicemayuseanthracite,ironsand,etc.inadditiontoquartzsandmaterial.Thebottomisgenerallylocatedgravelsupportlayer,theupperorientationisfiltermedia(quartzsand,anthracite,etc.)沙過(guò)濾的分類(lèi)：快速沙過(guò)濾、慢速沙過(guò)濾Classificationofsandfiltration:fastsandfiltration,slowsandfiltration過(guò)濾知識(shí)過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge濾除：濾除或截留大于過(guò)濾介質(zhì)孔隙的顆粒Filterout:filteroutorretainparticleslargerthantheporesofthefiltermedia截?cái)啵貉刂骶€移動(dòng)的顆粒在接觸過(guò)濾介質(zhì)表面時(shí)被去除Cut-off:particlesmovingalongthewaterflowlineareremovedwhentheycomeincontactwiththesurfaceofthefiltermedia慣性撞擊：重顆粒不沿著水流線Inertialimpact:heavyparticlesdonotfollowthelineofwaterflow擴(kuò)散：因?yàn)轭w粒的布朗運(yùn)動(dòng)或隨機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)Diffusion:becauseoftheBrownianorrandommotionoftheparticles快速沙濾裝置的內(nèi)在機(jī)制：Mechanismsinherentinrapidsandfiltrationdevices.過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge流體動(dòng)力學(xué)相互作用：（或粘附）顆粒-過(guò)濾層之間的相互作用Fluiddynamicsinteractions:(oradhesion)betweenparticles-filterlayerinteractions靜電相互作用：（或吸附）因?yàn)轭w?；蜻^(guò)濾介質(zhì)的表面電荷靜電力

示例-范德華力和庫(kù)倫力Electrostaticinteractions:(oradsorption)becauseofelectrostaticforcesonthesurface

chargeofparticlesorfiltermediaExamples-VanderWaalsandCoulombforces沉淀：將溶液中的目的產(chǎn)物或主要雜質(zhì)以無(wú)定形固相形式析出再進(jìn)行分離的操作。Precipitation:Theoperationofprecipitatingthetargetproductormajorimpuritiesinsolutionintheformofanamorphoussolidphaseandthenseparatingthem.圖為范德華力ThepictureisVanderWalik過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge安裝成本低Lowinstallationcost容易獲得的過(guò)濾介質(zhì)Easilyaccessiblefiltermedia能耗低Lowenergyconsumption易于操作和維護(hù)Easytooperateandmaintain流速比慢沙濾裝置高出約40-100倍Flowratesareapproximately40-100timeshigherthanslowsandfilterunits無(wú)需其他化學(xué)品Noadditionalchemicalsrequired低維護(hù)成本Lowmaintenancecosts快速沙濾裝置具有以下幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)：Rapidsandfiltrationunitsofferseveraladvantages.過(guò)濾知識(shí)Filtrationknowledge反沖洗是指水流反向通過(guò)過(guò)濾介質(zhì)以沖洗掉滯留固體的過(guò)程。Backwashingisthe