2023屆廣東省佛山市高三上學期普通高中教學質(zhì)量檢測（一）英語試題+含解析

試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁試卷第=page11頁，共=sectionpages33頁2022～2023學年佛山市普通高中高三教學質(zhì)量檢測(一)英語2022.12本試卷共8頁滿分120分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘。注意事項：1答卷前,考生務必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時,選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時,將答案寫在答題卡上,寫在本試卷上無效。因不考聽力,試卷從第二部分的“閱讀”開始,試題序號從“21”開始。第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATotalSolarEclipse2023AustraliaOneofnature’smostremarkableevents-atotalsolareclipse(日蝕)－willtakeplaceonthewesternedgeofAustraliaonApril20th,2023andwehavechosentheperfectwayforyoutoenjoythisevent:onacruise(航游)atsea.TherehavebeenonlyfivetotalsolareclipsesinAustraliaoverthepastcenturyandthisisthefirsthybrideclipseinmorethan1000years.Unlikeothercruisesforthisevent,ourshasthewell-knownastronomerAbigailBealltoaccompanyyou.Youwillhavethebestpossibleviewoftheeventaswellasenjoyinglecturesandstargazingonlandandatsea.Abigailwillbeonhandthroughout,givinglecturesonthehistoryandscienceofeclipses,theblackholeatthecentreofthegalaxy-alongwithprovidingmanyopportunitiesforguidedstargazing.Plus,therewillbeadditionaltalksfromtheAstronomicalSocietyofAustralia.Clickherefordetailedarrangementsofthetour.SingleoccupancyPerguestbasedontwopeoplesharingInteriorcabin￡2,429￡1,699Oceanviewcabin￡3,229￡2,199Ifyouwishtoaddathirdadultorchildtoyourroom,pleaseaskforaquote.Alongsidethecruise,youcanalsoexploresomeofAustralia’sbestscientificandnaturalphenomenawithaseriesoftailoredadd-ontourscoveringastronomyontheeastcoastandvisitstoUluru,Sydney,theGreatBarrierReefandmuchmore.Onthelastdayofthetour,wecansendyoubacktotheairportforyourreturnjourneyhome,oryoucanjoinoneofouradd-ontours.Clickhereforfulldetailsaboutadd-ontours.1．Whatmakesthecruisedifferentfromothers?A．Aspecialist’sguidance.B．Atalkwithastronomers.C．AchanceforstargazingD．Ameetingwithastronauts.2．HowmuchshouldacouplepayforatourinaOceanviewcabin?A．￡3,229. B．￡2,199. C．￡.6,458 D．￡4,398.3．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tocelebrateahistoricevent.B．Toadvertiseaspecialcruise.C．Tointroduceatravelagency.D．Toexplainanaturalphenomenon.BDeveza’smotherwasonthewaitinglistforakidneytransplant(腎移植).Devezawantedtodonateoneofherownkidneys—butshewasturneddownbecauseshemightdevelopthesamehealthproblemsashermotherinlaterlife.Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliver(肝)forsomeoneelse’skidney.Acasestudyoftheorganexchangehasnowbeenpublished,andthesurgeonswhowereinvolvedarecallingformoreexchangeslikethis.“Youcanimaginetheenormousimpactformixedorganextendedchains,”saysJohnRoberts,asurgeonatUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco.Mostorgantransplantscomefrompeoplewhohavedied,butthereareneverenoughorgans.Asmostpeoplecanmanagewithjustoneoftheirkidneys,peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends.Ifsomeonewantstodonatebuttheirimmune(免疫的)systemisunsuited,doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative.WhenDevezawaslookingintosuchchains,shecameacrossresearchdescribingtheideaoftradingakidneywiththeonlyotherorgangenerallytakenfromalivingdonor—theliver.ShesuggestedtheideatomanyhospitalsbeforeshefinallycontactedRoberts,whosawtheidea’spotential.Devezawasassessedtobeingoodenoughhealthtodonatepartofherliver.Itthentook18monthstofindAnnieSimmons,inIdaho,whoseliverwasunsuitabletouseasatransplantforhersisterwithsevereliverdisease.Theydrewupaplan:SimmonswoulddonateakidneytoDeveza’smother,andinreturn,DevezawouldgivehalfherlivertoSimmons’sister.Thehospitalgavethego-aheadandthefouroperationstookplaceonthesamedaysuccessfully.Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.4．WhatdidDevezadotosavehermother?A．Carryingoutacasestudy.B．Callingforkidneydonations.C．Launchingamedicalexperiment.D．Tradinghalfherliverforakidney.5．WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?A．Patients’desperationtosurvive.B．Severalsourcesoforgandonation.C．Currentsituationoforgantransplants.D．Doctors’effortstoimproveorgantransplants.6．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheorganexchangebetweenDevezaandSimmons?A．Itdiscouragedorgandonation.B．Itbroughttwofamiliestogether.C．Itmetwithwidespreadapproval.D．Itproducedadesirableoutcome.7．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．MyLiver,YourKidneyB．Mother’sLove,OurHappinessC．OrganTransplant:BlessingforPatientsD．OrganExchange:MajorMedicalAdvancesCIt’snosecretnowthatthemoretimewespendonsocialmedia,themorewefeeldissatisfiedwithourselves.Wetendtocompareourselvestoinfluencesandcelebrities-soit’seasytounderstandhowthatcanaffectourconfidence.But,howoftenhaveyoufoundyourselfcomparingyourlifetoyourfriends?Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.Thestudylookingathowsocialmediaaffectsbodyimagefoundthatanysocialmediaengagementwassignificantlyassociatedwithlower“appearancesatisfaction”.Additionally,itfoundthatengagingwithcontentpostedbypeopletheparticipantsknewwasmorethantwiceasdamagingaslookingatcontentpostedbystrangers,includingcelebrities.VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatpeoplemayperceiveapostshowingappearanceasbeingmuchmoreattainableifitcomesfromsomeonetheyknow,addingexpectationorpressureonthepersonengaginginthepost,”hesaid.“Atthesametime,peoplemaybemorecriticallyengagedwithpostsbythelikesofmodelsandcelebrities,andthereforeperceivetheimagestheysharetobemoreunrealistic.“Thisisnotjustconfinedtobodyimagethough.Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(觸發(fā))us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.Maybe...Allthisistosaytheobvious:weonlyseepartofpeople’slives-andifit’sgettingyoudown,you’reprobablycomparingyourinsidestootherpeople’soutsides.Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.8．Whatdidthenewstudyfind?A．Socialmediainvitesunfavorablecomments.B．Friends’postsaffectusmorethancelebrities’.C．Celebritieshaveanegativeinfluenceonourlife.D．Bodyimagecausesmoreconcernthansociallife.9．WhyarewemorelikelytocomparewithourfriendsaccordingtoSwami?A．Theyserveasrolemodels.B．Weknowthewaytheylive.,C．Theirlifestylesareaccessible.D．Wearecuriousabouttheirlife.10．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph6probablymean?A．Restricted.B．Related.C．Devoted.D．Exposed.11．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledo?A．Findyourdreamandfightforit.B．Stopcomparingandbeyourself.C．Begratefulandleadaperfectlife.D．Stopcomplainingandgetdowntowork.DGiventhatthedictionarydefinitionofcuriosityis“thedesiretoknowsomething”,itmaybeoflittlesurprisethatmuchresearchhasconcerneditsbenefitsforeducation.ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(掃描儀)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.Theeffectsofcuriosityonlaterrecallwerestriking.Whentheparticipantswerehighlycuriousaboutafact,theywere30%morelikelytorecallit.Andthisseemedtocorrespondtoheightenedactivityinareasofthemidbrainthatreleasedopamine(多巴胺).Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神經(jīng)的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.Interestingly,theresearchersfoundthatthedopaminehit,arisingfrominitialcuriosity,couldevenenhancethememoryofincidentalinformationthathadnodirectrelevancetotheprimaryquestion.Todemonstratethis,theyhadpresentedrandomfacesalongsidetheanswerstothequestionsand,anhourlater,checkedwhethertheparticipantsstillrecognizedthefaces.Theanalysesshowedthattheparticipantswerefarmorelikelytorememberthefaceifithadaccompaniedaquestionthathadawakenedtheircuriosity.Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.12．Whichaspectofcuriositydidthestudyfocuson?A．Itsscientificdefinition.B．Itsuniquecharacteristics.C．Itsinfluencesonmemory.D．Itsbenefitsforbrainhealth.13．Whatwasthepurposeofpresentingquestionstotheparticipantsfirst?A．Toassesstheirlearningability.B．Toawakentheirpassionforlearning.C．Tomeasuretheircuriosityaboutthequestions.D．Torefreshtheirmemoryofextinctwildanimals.14．WhatcanbelearnedaboutdopamineaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Itblocksmemory.B．Itfacilitateslearning.C．Itpromotesfriendship.D．Itcuresneuraldisorder.15．Whichmessageaboutlearningdoestheunexpectedfindingdeliver?A．Generateinterestinstudy.B．Locusonessentialinformation.C．Makelearningmaterialsrelated.D．Attachimportancetomemorization.第二節(jié)(共5小題：每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。CampingTips&TricksforaFunTripManypeopleidealizecampingtripsasbeingthiseasy,effortlessencounterwithdestinationsrichwithnaturallandscapesandnightsunderthestarstwinklingintheskyabove.____16____That’swhywe’vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou!Planaccordingly,andthenplanagain.Whenyou’reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature’schallenges.____17____Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip.Forexample,considerpackingextrasupplierslikeblankets.Whilethatmightseemlikeahugeinconvenience,thebiggestandrealissueoccurswhenyouneedsomethingyoudon’thave.Knowwhatyouneed.____18____Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies.Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics!Thatincludesadecenttentwithenoughroomforpeoplecampingwithyou,agoodsleepingbagappropriatefortheseason,andothersupplieslikefoodandwater.You’dbettercreateaconvenientchecklistthatlaysouteverythingthatyoushouldconsider.____19____Whenyou’refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations,andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!____20____Afirstaidkitisagreatstartingpoint,butit’scertainlynottheendofmaximizingyoursafetyefforts.Dependingonwhereyouplantocamp,you’llwanttograbtheseitemsthatcoveryouinmostemergencysituations:apocketknife,afirestarter,andasafetywhistle.Readytogocamping?Nowyouknowwhattoexpectandhowtoprepareforyournextcampingtrip,soyouactuallyhavefun—rainorshine!A．Alwayschooseasafecampsite.B．Neverleavehomewithoutsafetyinmind.C．Weencourageyoutocreateasafetysupplykit.D．Campingdoesn’thavetobecomplicatedorexpensive.E．Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain.F．Tomaximizeyourcomfort,alwaysbringappropriateclothesforcoldandrain.G．Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality.第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Growingup,myparentsneverforcedmeandmybrotheroutofourhouseinHounslow,butweweren’t____21____tolivethereforever.Myfamilyalwayshadaspecial____22____forme.Ourparentsencouragedustospendtimetogether:mealswereeatenasafamilyandTVviewingwas____23____.WhenIwenttouniversityat18,Iknewmymessystudentapartmentswere____24____-myrealhomewasbackinHounslowandIwas____25____thatIcouldreturnwheneverIwantedto.WhenIwas19,mymumpassedaway.Inthefollowingmonths,Iwouldcomeback____26____checkinginonmydadand____27____himtogoshoppingandstartcookingpropermeals.Threeyearslater,Iwas____28____andImovedback.AsIlookedforwork,Iwould____29____themealswereeatentogether._____30_____,twosadmenlivinginahousearelessofafamily.Mydadwantedmetogetonandlivemyliferatherthanstaytrappedinoursorrow.Eventually,in2018,Igota_____31_____.Itwastimeformetogain_____32_____,andIpackedupandleft.Nextyearwillbe10yearssincemymumdied.Ourfamilyhomeis_____33_____.Mymum’spictureshavebeenreplacedwithnewphotographs;herclothesandscentaregone.But,Iam_____34_____thatthingshavebecomedifferent.I’verealizedthatthehomemymumcreatedisn’tjusta(n)_____35_____-itissomethingsheinstilled(灌輸)inus.21．A．encouraged B．reminded C．a(chǎn)llowed D．persuaded22．A．plan B．pull C．request D．pressure23．A．guaranteed B．shared C．favored D．scheduled24．A．inconvenient B．disturbing C．ordinary D．temporary25．A．concerned B．convinced C．grateful D．hopeful26．A．secretly B．hesitantly C．regularly D．randomly27．A．urging B．instructing C．inviting D．forcing28．A．outoftouch B．outofwork C．indebt D．inpain29．A．pretend B．find C．believe D．ensure30．A．Unusually B．Unbelievably C．Unfortunately D．Unexpectedly31．A．gift B．job C．hobby D．vacation32．A．experience B．comfort C．confidence D．independence33．A．disappearing B．struggling C．enlarging D．changing34．A．shocked B．confused C．glad D．nervous35．A．place B．meal C．dream D．image第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InChongqing,amountainouscityinSouthwestChinafamousforhotpotoftenservedwithbeersorstrongtea,theparticularflavorofcoffeeisgaining____36____(popular)InDaijiaxiang,anoldcommunityinthecity,anewly-openedcoffeestreethasturnedeveryone’sheadsfor____37____(it)uniquedesignstyle.Byusingtheexistingfirstfloorsofseveraloldbuildingsasshopfronts,thenewstreethasbroughtmodernatmospheretotheagedblock____38____transformeditintoadesireddestinationamongsocialmediaenthusiasts____39____(seek)photoopportunitiesandscenicviews.WuLongquan,a30-year-oldshopowner,wasthefirstone____40____(run)acoffeeshophere.“Althoughthecommunitywasquiteold,itslocation,wonderfulriverviewandold-fashionedarchitecturalstyleallmadeit____41____(true)attractive,”Wusaid.Wuadmittedthatthisishisdreamcoffeeshop,____42____notonlyserveshigh-qualitycoffeebutisalsoanexpression____43____hispersonality.Hebelievesthateachgenerationhasitsownattitudeaboutcoffee.Inthepast,coffee____44____(consider)asonlyapromisingbusiness,butforhisgeneration,itispartoflifestylefirst,andabusinesssecond.Since2019,Wu____45____(open)fivecoffeeshopsandonebakerybusinessthatproducesfoodtogowithhiscoffee.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46．你校上周六組織高三學生參觀了新北機器人制造公司(XinbeiRobots)。請你寫一篇觀后感,給校英文報投稿,內(nèi)容包括：1.參觀過程：2.你的收獲和感想。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應為80左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。AVisittoXinbeiRobots________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47．閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Iranafterthetrain,shouting,“Heymister,can’tyouseeme?”Itwashopeless,asnoconductorisgoingtoslowdownfora60-year-oldmanwhogottothestationseveralminuteslate.Theyabsolutelydidn’tknowhowimportantthatday,thattrainridewastome!Iwasonmywaytoaninterviewforwhatcouldhavebeentheopportunityofalifetime.Ithrewbothmyhatandmyartcasedownindepression,andsatdownonthenearestchair,wiping(擦掉)thesweatfrommyfaceandbreathingheavily.Iwouldhavetowaitawholedayforthenexttrain,andbythenmyappointmentwiththegalleryownerwouldhavegivenuponme.Perhapsitwasforthebest.Itwas,afterall,thefirsttimein40yearsanyonehadshownsuchaninterestinmyart.Maybeifthegalleryownerhadseenallmypaintings,hewouldhavechangedhismindaboutofferingmespaceonhiswalls.Disappointmentfilledmysoul.ShouldIdialthegalleryandgetaninterviewonadifferentday?ButPierreGianniwastheownerofthemostwell-knowngalleryinNewYorkCity.Whywouldhegiveararesecondchancetoanelderlynobodywhenhehadthenewest,coolestyoungartiststochoosefrom?Cometothinkofit,perhapstheseinsecuritiesweretheveryreasonIhadneverbeenofferedashowbefore.Iwastooafraidtotry.Ifoundcountlessexcusesnottooffermyworkuptobeseenandperhapscriticized.ItoldmyselfitwouldhurttoomuchifIfailed,butthetruthwasthatIhadnevertried.Finally,Igatheredallmycouragetodialthegallery,onlytofindmyantiquecellphonehadbrokendown.ItwasattheverymomentthatIwasintotaldespairanddecidedtogohome.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應位置作答。SuddenlyIfeltatouchonmyshoulder.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThenextmorningIgottothegalleryontime.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁1．A2．D3．B【導語】本文是應用文。文章是為可以參加澳大利亞西部邊緣發(fā)生的日全食的海上巡航做廣告。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlikeothercruisesforthisevent,ourshasthewell-knownastronomerAbigailBealltoaccompanyyou.(與其他游輪不同的是，我們有著名的天文學家阿比蓋爾·比爾陪同您。)”可知，專家的指導讓這個游輪與眾不同。故選A。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格Oceanviewcabin后的“Perguestbasedontwopeoplesharing￡2,199(按兩人分攤每位客人2199英鎊計算)”可知，夫婦兩人要2199乘以2=4398英鎊。故選D。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Oneofnature'smostremarkableevents-atotalsolareclipse(日蝕)－willtakeplaceonthewesternedgeofAustraliaonApril20th,2023andwehavechosentheperfectwayforyoutoenjoythisevent:onacruise(航游)atsea.(自然界最引人注目的事件之一——日全食——將于2023年4月20日在澳大利亞西部邊緣發(fā)生，我們?yōu)槟氵x擇了享受這一事件的完美方式:在海上巡航。)”可知，本文的目的是為一次特別巡游做廣告。故選B。4．D5．C6．D7．A【導語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽，并取得了成功。這一成功的案例具有積極的影響。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容“Devezacameupwithadifferentplan.In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.(Deveza提出了一個不同的計劃。2017年，她開始了世界上第一次活體捐贈者之間的不同器官配對交換，用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟。)”可知，Deveza為了幫助媽媽移植合適的腎臟，用自己的一半肝臟作為交換。故選D項。5．主旨大意題。通過閱讀，結(jié)合第三段的關鍵句“…thereareneverenoughorgans.(但器官永遠都不夠用)”，“peoplewithkidneyfailureareincreasinglyreceivingdonatedorgansfromrelativesorfriends(腎衰竭患者越來越多地接受親友捐贈的器官)”和“doctorsmaybeabletofindpairsofwould-bedonorswhocaneachgiveakidneytotheother’srelative(醫(yī)生可能會找到成對的潛在捐贈者，他們各自可以將一個腎臟捐給對方的親屬)”可知，該段主要講述了器官移植的現(xiàn)狀。故選C項。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章末尾段內(nèi)容“Theteamhopethattheground-breakingcasewillinspiremorepeopletoconsiderdoingthesame.Robertssaysthatdirectexchangesinvolvingtwodonorscouldenableuptothirtyextraliving-donorlivertransplantsayear—atenpercentincrease.(研究小組希望這個開創(chuàng)性的案例能激勵更多的人考慮做同樣的事情。羅伯茨說，涉及兩名捐贈者的直接交換每年可增加多達30例活體肝臟移植——增加10%。)”可知，他們兩個的“器官互換”的成功可以對其他人產(chǎn)生激勵作用，從而使直接交換器官的案例增加。由此可推知，這產(chǎn)生了令人滿意的結(jié)果。故選D項。7．主旨大意題。通過閱讀文章可知，文章第二段內(nèi)容“In2017,shestartedtheworld’sfirstpairedexchangeofdifferentorgansbetweenlivingdonors,exchanginghalfherliverforsomeoneelse’skidney.(2017年，她開始了世界上第一次活體捐贈者之間的不同器官配對交換，用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟。)”為核心話題，即，文章主要講述了Deveza用自己的一半肝臟交換別人的腎臟給自己的媽媽，并取得了成功，后文則以此為延申講述了其可能產(chǎn)生的積極影響。因此，選項A“MyLiver,YourKidney(我的肝，你的腎)”不僅貼合主旨，且作為標題更具有吸引力。故選A項。8．B9．C10．A11．B【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了一項新研究。新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友的帖子對人們的影響比名人的更大，讓人們更容易與朋友進行比較。但是作者建議人們放下手機，心存感激，努力過自己的生活。8．細節(jié)理解題。文章第二段講到“Engagingwithsocialmediasharedbyourfriendscanbemoredamagingthanlookingatcontentsharedbycelebrities,newresearchhasfound.(一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與看名人分享的內(nèi)容相比，參與朋友分享的社交媒體可能更具破壞性)”可知新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)朋友的帖子對我們的影響比名人的更大，故選B。9．推理判斷題。文章第二段講到“VirenSwami,ProfessorofSocialPsychologyatAngliaRuskinUniversity,believesthisispartlybecauseweknowit’shardtoattainthelivesofcelebritiesorinfluences,butwhenwe’recomparingourselvestoourfriends,itfeelslikeweshould-orcould-livethewaytheydo.(AngliaRuskin大學社會心理學教授VirenSwami認為，這部分是因為我們知道很難獲得名人或影響力的生活，但當我們將自己與朋友進行比較時，感覺我們應該或者可以像他們那樣生活)”可知根據(jù)Swam的說法，我們更容易與朋友進行比較是因為他們的生活方式更容易見得到，故選C。10．詞義猜測題。文章劃線單詞下一句講到“Weallhaveoneareainourlivesthattriggers(觸發(fā))us.Maybeyou’vebeensearchingforanewjobformonthsandyoufindyourselfonsocialmedia,envyingyourschoolfriendwhojustlandedtheirdreamrole.(我們的生活中都有一個領域觸發(fā)了我們。也許你已經(jīng)找了好幾個月的新工作，你在社交媒體上發(fā)現(xiàn)自己，羨慕你的學校朋友，他剛剛找到了他們夢想中的角色。)”可知劃線單詞所在句子的意思是：但這不僅僅局限于身體形象。所以第六段中帶下劃線的單詞可能的意思是“受限制的”，故選A。11．推理判斷題。文章最后一段講到“Everyonehastheirstrugglesandlifeisindeednotperfectforanyone.So,putdownyourphone,getoffline,bethankfulandtrytoliveyourownlife.(每個人都有自己的奮斗，生活對任何人來說都不完美。所以，放下手機，下線，心存感激，努力過自己的生活。)”可知作者建議人們停止比較，做你自己，故選B。12．C13．C14．B15．A【導語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹好奇心可以幫助記憶和提高學習興趣。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ConsiderastudyattheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavisin2014.Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions,suchas“Whatdoestheterm‘dinosaur’actuallymean?”TheparticipantsthenlayinanfMRIbrainscanner(掃描儀)whilethesamequestionswerepresented,followedshortlyafterbytheanswers.Theparticipantswerethentestedontheirrecollectionofthefactsanhourlater.(想想2014年加州大學戴維斯分校的一項研究。研究人員首先要求每個參與者對一系列問題的答案進行好奇心評估，比如“‘恐龍”這個詞到底是什么意思?”然后，參與者躺在核磁共振掃描儀中，同時提出同樣的問題，然后很快就會給出答案。一小時后，測試參與者對這些事實的記憶。)”可知，這項研究關注的是好奇心對記憶力的影響。故選C。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theresearchersfirstaskedeachparticipanttoratetheircuriosityaboutlearningtheanswerstoaseriesofquestions(研究人員首先要求每個參與者對一系列問題的答案進行好奇心評估)”可知，首先向參與者提出問題的目的是要衡量他們對問題的好奇心。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Dopamineisnormallyassociatedwithreward,butanimalstudiessuggestthatitcanalsoenhancetheformationofnewneural(神經(jīng)的)connections.Itlookedasifthefeelingofcuriositywashelpingpreparethebraintoabsorbthenewandimportantinformation,andthisthenresultedinamorestablememory.(多巴胺通常與獎賞有關，但動物研究表明，它也能促進新的神經(jīng)連接的形成。似乎好奇的感覺有助于大腦準備吸收新的重要信息，這會導致記憶更加穩(wěn)定。)”可推斷，多巴胺促進新的神經(jīng)連接的形成，有助于大腦吸收新知識，導致記憶穩(wěn)定，因此推斷它可能有助于學習。故選B。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thisadditional,andunexpected,memoryboostcouldbeextremelyusefulwheneverwe’retryingtolearnsomethingnewandcomplicated.We’reunlikely,afterall,tofindeverysingleelementofourstudiesinteresting.Butifwecandevelopsomecuriosityaboutatleastsomeofthefacts,wemayfindthattherestofthematerialalsosticksfarmoreeasily.(每當我們試圖學習新的和復雜的東西時，這種額外的、意想不到的記憶增強可能會非常有用。畢竟，我們不太可能發(fā)現(xiàn)我們研究中的每一個元素都很有趣。但是，如果我們能對至少一些事實產(chǎn)生好奇心，我們可能會發(fā)現(xiàn)，其余的材料也更容易粘住。)”可知，這個意外的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，好奇心可以激發(fā)學習興趣。故選A。16．G17．E18．D19．B20．C【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了幾條露營小技巧：做好相應地計劃A，然后還需要B計劃以應對變化的自然；按需準備露營物資；永遠考慮安全，應急安全包很重要。16．后文“That’swhywe’vepreparedthebestcampingtipsforyou!(這就是為什么我們?yōu)槟鷾蕚淞俗詈玫穆稜I小貼士！)”講述的是結(jié)果：準備露營小貼士。因此，設空句應是講述這樣做的原因，呼應“why”。選項G“Butforbeginnercampers,thoseexpectationscanrapidlyturnintoamessofreality.(但對于初學露營的人來說，這些期望很快就會變成現(xiàn)實的混亂。)”解釋了原因，且在句意上與前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關系，前后銜接緊密。故選G項。17．前文“Whenyou’reoutinthemiddleofnowhere,youhavetobeequippedtonature’schallenges.(當你身處偏僻之地時，你必須準備好迎接大自然的挑戰(zhàn)。)”提到了“自然的挑戰(zhàn)”，后文“Therefore,aplanforunexpectedweatherchangesisessentialtoasuccessfulcampingtrip.(因此，應對意外天氣變化的計劃對于成功的露營旅行至關重要。)”提到了“不可預料的天氣變化”，因此，設空句應同樣涉及“天氣”話題，以與前后文銜接。選項E“Aclear3-dayforecastcaneasilyshiftintoasuddenheavyrain.(一個晴朗的3天預報很容易轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)橥蝗坏拇笥辍?”符合題意，承上啟下。故選E項。18．根據(jù)主旨句“Knowwhatyouneed.(知道你需要什么。)”可知，該段講述的是對于露營物資方面的準備，且后文“Notallbeginnercamperswillneedthetop-of-the-line,latestsupplies.Butyoushouldhaveatleastthebasics!(并非所有初學者都需要頂級的最新用品。但你至少應該有基礎知識！)”講述了“適當”這一原則，因此設空句要呼應主題“露營物質(zhì)”和“適當”。選項D“Campingdoesn’thavetobecomplicatedorexpensive.(露營不必復雜或昂貴。)”貼合主題，符合分析。故選D項。19．根據(jù)后文“Whenyou’refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations.andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!(當你遠離我們所依賴的主要便利設施，如緊急護理中心、警察局和急診室時，你應該永遠記住，安全是你的第一要務！)”可知，該段強調(diào)的是“露營的安全”，設空句作為主旨句，應突出“安全”。選項B“Neverleavehomewithoutsafetyinmind.(永遠不要離開家而不考慮安全。)”符合題意，可以作為小標題。故選B項。20．根據(jù)前文“Whenyou’refarawayfromthemajorconvenienceswerelyuponlikeanurgentcarecenter,policestations.andemergencyrooms,youshouldalwaysrememberthatsafetyisyourfirstpriority!(