考博英語模擬試卷243

考博英語模擬試卷243

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Newdatahasthatthedamagetotheozonelayerisnotconfinedtothesouthern

hemisphere.

A、ratified

B>confirmed

C、assured

D、approved

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：本題意為“新的數(shù)據(jù)證實臭氧層的破壞并不限于南半球confirm”證

實”符合題意，如：Pleaseconfirmyourtelephonemessagebywritingtome.（請給我

來封信，好進(jìn)一步證實卻在電話中傳達(dá)的消息。Ratify”批準(zhǔn)，許可"，assure“保

證”，approve"同意，贊成”都不正確.

2、Afterthestudentswereshotbythemilitaryduringademonstrationagainstthearmy

,thegirlstudentsdaredforthefirsttimetostayoutatnightonthestreetsto

picket.

A、control

B、ruling

C、government

D、regime

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：哲無解析

3、IaskedmymotherifIcouldgoout,andshe.

A^descended

B、contented

C、consented

D、ascended

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：descended意為“下降，遺傳“；coniemed意為“滿足的"；consented

為“同意ascended”攀登，上升”。本句話意思是：我問媽媽我是否能出去，她同

意了0C項符合題意。如：Hastheministerconsentedtohavehisspeechprinted?（部

長已同意印發(fā)他的講話了嗎?）

4、IcertainlygotstuckwhenIboughtthisraincoat;everytimeIgooutintherain,it

shrinkssomemore.

A、wascheated

couldn'tresistit.

C、gotagoodbargain

D、gotshocked

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：暫無解析

5、Amonghumans,theeffectsofagingvaryfromoneindividualtoanother.Theaverage

lifeforAmericansisaround75years,almosttwicewhatitwasintheearly

1900s.

A^spectrum

B、expectation

C>expectancy

D、width

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：（expectancy預(yù)期）。句意為：在人群中：衰老的影響因人而異。美國

人的平均預(yù)期壽命大約是75歲，差不多是20世紀(jì)初期的兩倍。A.spectrum光

譜；B.expeclalion期望，期待；D.width廣闊。

6、Thecharacterarmorconsistsofdefensivecharactertraits,likearroganceor

apprehensiveness,thatdevelopedinchildhoodtopainfulfeelings.

A、turnaside

B、wardoff

C^breadup

D、watchover

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：tumaside避開，轉(zhuǎn)過臉，使轉(zhuǎn)變方向；wardoff擋開，避開，盡力避

免；bread叩無此用法，bread只能用作名詞；walchover看守，監(jiān)督。

7、Whyaresomeofusgoodatmath,orwriting,whileothersatartor

basketball?

A、work

B、gaze

C^aim

D、excel

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：work工作。gaze凝視。aim瞄準(zhǔn)。excel優(yōu)秀，勝過他人。

8、Hecouldhardlyhistemperwhenhesawthestateofhisoffice.

A、holdin

B、holdup

C、holdoff

D、holdout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析:holdin約束，抑制；holdup舉起,繼續(xù)下去；holdoff拖延,不接

近；holdout伸出，提供，維持。

9、NASAiscastingawidernetinthespaceshuttleinvestigationastowhatcausedthe

spacecrafttoswingoutofcontrolandmomentsbeforeitwastoland.

A、disassemble

B、disembark

C^disintegrate

D、disinherit

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本句意為“NASA在宇宙飛船調(diào)查方面撤下了一張更大的網(wǎng)，以調(diào)查

是什么原因使得太空船失去控制偏離軌道以及其著陸前的離心力矩disassemble

的意思是“分開"，disassemblemoments的意思是“離心力矩disembark的意思是

“（使）著陸“，用在此處會與后面的beforeitwastoland語義重復(fù)，并且沒有

disembarkmoments這一表達(dá)方式;disintegrate的意思是“（使）分解”;disinherit的意

思是“剝奪繼承權(quán)”。只有A項符合題意。

10、Communicatingorallyinvolvesmorethanreadingortalking:gesture,posture,

movementsmayallbetoit

A、intrinsic

B、coherent

C^appealing

D、submissive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：原句意思為：口頭交流不只涉及閱讀和談話：手勢、姿態(tài)和運動對于

口頭交流都可能是。intrinsic意思為"beingpartofthenatureorcharacterof

someoneorsomething,\即“本質(zhì)的，原有的”，在原句中指前面提到的現(xiàn)象都是口

頭交流的本質(zhì)特點；coherent為“連貫的，有條理的”，一般指談話本身或文字：

appealing意為“有感染力的,吸引人的“，與句意不符；submissive"順從的，任人擺

布的“，一般只用于人。所以只有inlrinsic符合題意。

11、Themotoristhadtotoavoidknockingtheoldwomandowninthemiddleof

theroad.

A、swerve

B、twist

C>depart

D、swing

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：表示汽車突然轉(zhuǎn)向要用swerve（突然轉(zhuǎn)向，突然離開正路）。如：The

carswervedtoavoidthedog.小汽車為了避開這只狗急忙轉(zhuǎn)向。

12、Hiswritingisso,obscure,andoverwroughtthatitisdifficulttomakeout

whatheistryingtosay.

A^dubious

B、diffuse

C、indifferent

D、accurate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：句意：他的文章冗贅晦澀過度緊張，使人很難弄清楚他想表達(dá)什么。

diffuse不簡潔,冗贅的。dubious可疑的,不確定的。indifferent無關(guān)緊要的。

accurale正確的，精確的。

13、Inordertorepairbarns,buildfences,growcrops,andcareforanimalsafarmermust

indeedbe.

A^restless

B、skilled

C^strong

D^versatile

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：從句意上看，versatile（通用的，萬能的，多才多藝的，多面手的）符

合要求。如：aversatilewriter多才多藝的作家。

14、It'sstrangethatheshouldrefuseajobingovernmentauniversityappointment.

A、infavorof

B、atanadvantageof

C、inchargeof

D^inexcessof

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：句意：奇怪的是他竟然會拒絕政府部門一項有利于日后委派他在大學(xué)

任職的工作。atanadvantageof'處于有利條件“：infavoro廣支持，贊成“；incharge

0fM負(fù)責(zé)“；inexcessoF超過

15^Thedaywasbreakingandpeoplebegantogotoworksothemurdererwasunable

toofthebody.

A、dispense

B>dispose

C、discard

D、discharge

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：本句想說的是因為天亮了人們開始去上班，所以兇手無法處理尸體。

四個選項中dispense的意思是“分配，分發(fā)“；discard的意思是“丟棄，拋棄“；

discharge的意思是“卸貨，放出只有dispose和of構(gòu)成固定搭配，意思是“處

置，處理

16、IdecidedtogetintouchwithhimafterIreceivedhisletter.

A^promptly

B、quickly

C、hastily

D、urgently

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：暫無解析

17>WithoutBob'stestimony,evidenceofbriberyislackingandinthecasewill

beimpossible.

A、verdict

sentence

C、conviction

D、acquittal

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：conviction判有罪，定罪；verdict一般指陪審團(tuán)的裁決或截斷當(dāng)事人

是否有罪；senlence宣判，判決，發(fā)生在認(rèn)定有罪之后；acquillal宣判無罪。

18、Itisnotaquestionofhewmuchamanknows,burwhatusehewhathe

knows.

A、makesfor

B、makesof

C、makesup

D、makesout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：makeuseof固定搭配，意為“利用”。本句的意思是問題不在于一個人

有多少知識，而在于他是如何利用他的知識。

19、Theneighborhoodboyslikeloplaybasketballonthatlot.

A^valid

B>vain

C、vacant

D、vague

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：vacant空的，空閑的，符合題意。valid［法律］有效的；vain徒勞的，

無益的；vague含糊的，模糊的。句意：附近的男孩子們喜歡在那塊空地.上打籃

球。

20、intheUnitedStates

A、Threeoutofeveryfourautomobileowners...alsoownabicycle

B、Outofeveryfour,threeautomobileowners...alsoownsabicycle

C、Threeoutofevery(burautomobileowners...ownsbicycles

D、Outofeveryfburownersofautomobiles...bicyclesarealsoownedbythree

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A“

知識點解析：暫無解析

21、ThepoetryofEzraPoundissometimesdifficulttounderstandbecauseitcontainsso

manyreferences.

A、obscure

acute

C^notable

D、objective

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：obscure模糊不清的；acute敏銳的；急性的；notable值得注意的;

objective客觀（上）的。句意：愛茲拉?龐德的詩有時很難懂，因為在他的詩中有相當(dāng)

多令人費解的典故。

22、Agooddealoftheforhisachievementinthisfieldmustgotohis

supervisor,ProfessorFang.

A^credit

reputation

C^respect

D、praise

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本題空格處是說很多榮譽。A項“credit榮譽，功勞”符合題意。其他

三項“reputation名譽，名聲；respect尊重；praise贊揚”都不正確。

23Telecommuting—substitutingthecomputerforthetriptothejob-hasbeen

asolutiontoallkindsofproblemsrelatedtoofficework.

A、hailedas

B、drawnout

C、borneout

D、lodgedin

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：A項“hailedas把稱作，被譽為”符合題意。其他三項“B項drawn

out拉長，伸長；C項borneout證明，證實，支持；D項lodgedin寄宿，存錢，存

放”都不正確。本題的空格處是說遠(yuǎn)程辦公被稱作是解決方案。因此A項為正確答

案。

24、Theareaiswithtrails,someaswideasboulevards,thathavebeencutand

maintainedbyelephants.

A、blackmailed

latticed

C>isolated

D、galloped

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：C項“isolated隔離的“符合題意，如：Severalvillageshavebeen

isolatedbytheheavysnowfall.（好幾個村莊因大雪與外界隔絕。）其他三項“A項

blackmailed勒索；B項lalliced裝有格子的；D項galloped飛奔”都不正確。本題空

格處是說這片區(qū)域被一些小路隔開。因此C項為正確答案。

25、Howwellapersondependsjustasmuchonwhetherthey'reself-confident

asitdoesonparticularskillsandexpertise.

A、jumpsout

B、turnsout

C、coversup

D、turnsup

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：考動詞詞組。句中asmuch...as表示“同...一樣多的，跟...達(dá)到

同一程度"。jumpout是“跳出來”；turnout表示“證實；發(fā)覺是”，還可以表示“結(jié)

果，變得“；coverup是“掩蓋，包庇，隱匿"；turnup是“發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到；出現(xiàn)“。比較

之下，B是正確選項，在句中表示“一個人結(jié)果會變得怎樣”。

26、Theproblemseriousmoralandethicaldilemmasmuchmoreworthyof

considerationthanthoseofgeneticengineeringandthelike.

A、probes

B、poses

C^exposes

D、deports

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：expose顯露：probe細(xì)查，探究：pose引起，造成；deport將…驅(qū)逐出

境。

27、Clarkfeltthathisinoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofa'l

timewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

A、presentation

B>participation

C、apprehension

D、appreciation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：（participalion參與）。句意為：克拉克覺得他參加了一次有史以來最為

激動人心的醫(yī)學(xué)實驗，池經(jīng)歷的痛苦是值得的。A.presentation展示，描述；

C.appiehension理解,領(lǐng)悟；D.appreciation

28、AsdidhisSigmundFreud,AlbertEinstein,andHenryFord,ThomasEdison

profoundlytransformedtheWesternWorld.

A、contemporaries

B、part-owners

C、companions

D^accomplices

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：四個選項的意思分別是contemporaries“同時代的人“；part—

owners“共有人"：companions“伙伴”；accomplices”同謀，幫兇旬意是：和他同

時代的人弗洛伊德、愛因斯坦、福特一樣，愛迪生也深刻地改變了西方世界。所以

正確答案是A選項，如ShelleyandKeatswereconlemporaries（雪萊和濟(jì)慈是同一時

代的人）。

29、Sheatthethoughtofbeingpartedfromherfamilyforsolong.

A、suffered

B、grieved

C、discriminate

D、scared

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：suffered受苦；grieved悲傷，哀悼；discriminate辨別；scared使恐

懼。

30,Theworldleadersneedtotakeactionontheenergycrisisthatisbeforeour

eyes.

A、takingshape

B、takingeffect

C、takingapart

D、takingover

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：本題答案是A。A項takingshape意為“成型，形成”。其他三項詞

義：takingeffect意為“起作用；見效"；taking即art意為“拆卸，拆開”；takingover

意為“占據(jù)；接任

二、閱讀理解（本題共"7題，每題1.0分，共“7

分。）

Everydaydecisionsaremadethatinfluenceourlivesorbusinesses.Withmenand

womenoccupyingthesamespaceincorporateAmerican,theGlassCeilingisbursting

wideopen.Menbynaturewanttoconqueranddominateandalwayshave,butwomen

havearrivedonthescenewithfullforceandadifferentstylethatmensometimesfind

hardtounderstand.Womentendtotacklethematterathandbylookingforasequential

setofmaneuversthatwillhaveanoutcomeofawin/winsituation.Whydowe

communicatesodifferentlyandwhydowctendtobesovastlydissimilarwhenitcomes

tomakingdecisions?Whatcausesmentowanttoconquerandwomentohavetheneed

fororderandsequence?Myunclegavemeafunnyexampletheotherdayofhowmen

seewomen'sthoughtpatternswhenitcomestomakingdecisions.Ithoughtthatthis

insightwasagreatexampleofmenconqueringandwomenlookingforsequenceand

orderbeforetheytacklethematterathand.Here'swhathehadtosay:"Menruleby

action.Womenrulebycommittee.Forexample;Manseeshill,climbshill.Womansees

hill,formsdiscussiongroup,setsuphillclimbingcommittee,votesforhillclimbing

team,schedulesclimbdale,checksrainfallcharts,doesstudiestolocatebestpath,sends

outscouts,andmuch,inuch,much,muchlater...finallyclimbsthehill."Sowhatisthe

answertothequestionofourdifferences?Partoftheanswerisinthefactthatweare

bornchemicallydifferentandtheotherpartofthemysteryissolvedwhenwefactorin

theenvironmentthatwewereraisedin.Chemistryandenvironmenthavealottodowith

ourcommunicationskillsandthewaywemakedecisions.Wcbaseourcommunication

anddecisionmakingprocessmostlyfromthesubconsciousmind,whichrules83%ofour

actions.Oursubconsciousmindholdsnotonlyourvaluesystembutthebeliefswehave

aboutourselves.Learningtocelebrateourdifferencescanhelpbridgethegapthatholds

thetwosexesatadistanceandhelpstaveoffthefrustrationsthatmayoccurina

relationshipofanykind,whetheritisboss/employee,co-worker,orlifepartners.

Learningtocomprehendeachotherslanguagethroughstudyandobservationwillhelp

eachinvolvedpartytobetterunderstandthosearoundus.(395words)

31、Whatdoes"GlassCeiling"(Line2,Para.1)mean?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：指“歧視婦女、影響婦女提升的障礙”，

32^Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：第一段第二句說：“在美國，男女在公司工作都享受同樣的地位”，這

就說明婦女的社會地位提高了。

33、WhatisNOToneofthekeycausesofdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：“智商”在文章中沒有提到過。

34、Whatdocstheunderlinedwordwhich"(Line3,Para.5)referto?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：原句是Webaseourcommunicationanddecisionmakingprocessmostly

fromthesubconsciousmind,whichrules83%ofouractionso以which弓I導(dǎo)的定語從

句除了指前面整個一句的內(nèi)容外，還可以指離它最近的那個名詞或名詞短語。

35、Whatistherealpurposeoftheauthortowritethisarticle?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：從文章最后一段可以看出，本文的寫作目的是讓處于各種對立關(guān)系中

的人們能相互理解。

Atallageandatallstagesoflife,fearpresentsaproblemtoalmosteveryone."Weare

largelytheplaythingsofourfears,"wrotetheBritishauthorHoraceWalpolemanyyears

ago."Toone,fearofthedark,toanother,ofphysicalpain,tothird,ofpublicridicule,toa

fourth,ofpoverty,toloneliness...forallofusourparticularcreaturewailsinahidden

place."Fearisoftenausefulemotion.Whenyoubecomefrightened,manyphysical

changesoccurwithinyourbody.Yourheartbeatandresponsesquicken,yourpupils

expandtoadmitmorelight,largequanti-ticsofenergyproducingadrenaline（腎上腺素）

arcpouredintoyourbloodstream.Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-

savingflight（逃離）.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fear

canforceyoutotakeself-protectivemeasures.Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionalto

thedangerathandthatisbecomesaproblem.Somepeoplearesimplymorevulnerableto

fearthanothers.Avisittothenewbornnurseryofanylargehospitalwilldemonstrate

that,fromthemomentoftheirbirths,afewfortunateinfantsrespondcalmlytosudden

fcar-producingsituationssuchasaloudlyslammeddoor.Yetaneighborinthenextbed

maycryoutwithprofoundfright.Frombirth,heorsheismorepronetolearnfearful

responsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencytobemoresensitive.Further,

psychologistsknowthatourearlyexperiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeand

determineourlaterfears.AyoungmannamedBill,forexample,grewupwithafather

whoregardedeachadversityasatemporaryobstacletobeovercomewithimagination

andcourage.Usinghisfatherasamodel.Billcametowelcomeadventureandtotrusthis

ownabilitytosolveproblems.Phil'sdad,however,spentmostothistimetryingto

protecthimselfandhisfamily.Afraidtorisktheinsecurityofajobchange,heremained

unhappyinoneposition.Heavoidedlongvacationsbecause"thecarmightbreakdown."

Growingupinsuchahome,Philnaturallylearnedtobecomefearfulandtense.

36、InthelastsentenceofParagraph1,"ourparticularcreature"refersto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文章第一段最后一句中提到“toone,rearofthedark,toanother,of

physicalpain?toathirdofpublicridicule,toafourth,ofpoverty,toIoneliness（for

allofusourparticularcreaturewaitsinahiddenplace“?？梢姡?ourparticularcrcaturc^^

講到的是一些擔(dān)心害怕的事情。舉了一些例子，如害怕黑暗，害怕身體的傷痛，公

眾的嘲笑，貧窮、孤單等等，所以A項正確，B、C、D項都只是害怕的具體例

子，所以應(yīng)該選A。

37、Fearcanbeusefulemotiontousbecauseitcan.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：變二段的第一句即本段的中心句，意思是說，恐懼通常是一個有用的

情緒。本段最后講至『'Confrontedwithafireoraccident,fearcanfuellife-saving

flight.Similarly,whenadangerispsychologicalratherthanphysical,fearcanforce

youtotakeself?protective.“面對火災(zāi)和意外事故的時候，恐懼能夠使我們自救并逃

離，同樣地，當(dāng)一種危險是心理上的而非身體的時候，恐懼能夠迫使我們進(jìn)行自我

保護(hù)。也就是說只有心理上的恐懼才能使我們產(chǎn)生自我保護(hù)的意識。A項的意思是

說“能夠刺激我們的身體產(chǎn)生很多物理變化”符合文意，B、C、D項只是我們生理

的變化，所以本題的正確答案為A。

38、Fearbecomesaproblemonlywhen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文章第二段"Itisonlywhenfearisdisproportionaltothedangerathand

thatitbecomesaproblem.”只有當(dāng)恐懼和即將來臨的危險不相稱的時候，它就變成

了一個問題。因此，A項“只有當(dāng)危險被認(rèn)為比它實際更重大的時候，它就變成了

一個問題”是符合文意的，所以應(yīng)該選A。

39、Differentresponsesofnewborninfantstoaloudlyslammeddoorimplythat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：文章第三段中講到，有些人比其他的人更容易受到恐懼的攻擊，并以

剛出生的嬰兒為例來說明原因。最后一句話對其中的原因進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，“from

birth,heorsheismoretearfulresponsesbecauseheorshehasinheritedatendencyto

bemoresensitive.”從出生起，他或她有更多的可怕的反映，因為他或她己經(jīng)被遺

傳了一種更加敏感的恐懼傾向。可見，本題暗示了一些人與生俱來更容易受到危險

的影響，A項符合文章的意思，所以應(yīng)該選A。

40、Psychologistshavefoundthatourlaterfearsaredeterminedlargelybyour.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：本題的答案在文章第四段，“psychologistsknowthatourearly

experiencesandrelationshipsstronglyshapeanddetermineourlaterfears.”心理學(xué)家

認(rèn)為我們早期的經(jīng)歷和關(guān)系形式強(qiáng)有力的塑造和決定了我們后來的恐懼情緒。D

項“早期經(jīng)歷”符合文章的意思，所以應(yīng)該選D。

Thirty-twopeoplewatchedKittyGenovesebeingkilledrightbeneaththeirwindows.She

wastheirneighbor.Yetnoneofthe32helpedher.Notoneevencalledthepolice.Was

thisingunmancruelty?Wasitlackoffeelingaboutone'sfellowman?"Notso/'say

scientistsJohnBarleyandBibFatane.Thesemenwentbeyondtheheadlinestoprobethe

reasonswhypeopledidn'tact.Theyfoundthatapersonhastogothroughtwosteps

beforehecanhelp.Firsthehastonoticethatisanemergency.Supposeyouseeamiddle-

agedmanfalltotheside-walk,ishehavingaheartattack?Isheinacomafromdiabetes?

Orisheabouttosleepoffadrunk?Isthesmokecomingintotheroomfromaleakinthe

airconditioning?Isit"steampipes'*,Orisitreallysmokefromafire?It'snotalwayseasy

totellifyouarefacedwitharealemergency.Second,andmoreimportant,theperson

facedwithanemergencymustfeelpersonallyresponsible.Hemustfeelthathemust

help,orthepersonwon'tgetthehelpheneeds.Theresearchersfoundthatalotdepends

onhowmanypeoplearearound.Theyhadcollegestudentsintobe"tested."Somecame

alone.Somecamewithoneortwoothers.Andsomecameinlargegroups.The

receptioniststartedthemoffonthe"tests."Thenshewentintothenextroom.Acurtain

dividedthe"testingroom'andtheroomintowhichshewent.Soonthestudentshearda

scream,thenoiseoffilecabinetsfallingandcryforhelp.AHofthishadbeenpre-

recordedonatapc-rccordcr.Eightoutoftenofthestudentstakingthetestaloneactedto

help.Ofthestudentsinpairs,onlytwooutofthetenhelped.Ofthestudentsingroup,

nonehelped.Inotherwords,inagroup,Americansoftenfailtoact.Theyfeelthatothers

willact.They,themselves,needn't.Theydonotfeelanydirectresponsibility.Arepeople

botheredbysituationwherepeopleareintrouble?Yes,scientistsfoundthatthepeople

wereemotional,theysweated,theyhadtremblinghands.Theyfeltthatotherperson's

trouble.Buttheydidnotact.Theywereinagroup.Theiractionswereshapedbythe

actionsofthosetheywerewith.

41、Thepurposeofthepassageis.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析：主旨題。從第三段和第五段最后一句話可知，本文主要講述了人們在

何時才會去提供幫助。一是在他認(rèn)為確實有緊急情況出現(xiàn)；二是只有自己一個人才

可以提供幫助才會幫助別人，因而選B。

42、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析?：文章中并未提到，人們在給他人提供幫助時，需要對他人的安全負(fù)全

部責(zé)任。

43、Theresearchershaveconductedanexperimenttoprovethatpeoplewillactin

emergencieswhen.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識點解析：推斷題。從第七、八段可知，當(dāng)只有一個人出現(xiàn)在緊急狀況周圍時，

他幫助的可能性最大，這種可能性是80%。

44、Themainreasonwhypeoplefailtoactwhentheystaytogetheristhat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：推斷題。從第八段"Americansoftenfailtoact...Theydonotfeelany

directresponsibility”可推知D為正確答案。

45、Theauthorsuggeststhat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：歸納題。從最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為當(dāng)人們面臨緊急狀況而沒有援之

以手時，并不是他們無心提供幫助，而是他們的行為被周圍的人極大地影響著，因

而應(yīng)選A。

Neverhasastraitjacketseemedsoill-fittingorsoinsecure.TheEuroarea's"stabilityand

growthpact"wassupposedtostopirresponsiblememberstatesrunningexcessivebudget

deficits,definedas3%ofGDPormore.Chiefamongtherestraintswasthethreatof

largefinesifmembergovernmentsbreachedthelimitforthreeyearsinarow.Forsome

timenow,noonehasseriouslybelievedthoserestraintswouldhold.Intheearlyhoursof

TuesdayNovember25th,theEuro'sfiscalstraitjacketfinallycameapartattheseams.

Thepact'sfatewassealedoveranextendeddinnermeetingoftheEuroarea's12finance

ministers.TheychewedoverthesorryfiscalrecordoftheEuro'stwolargestmembers,

FranceandGermany.Bothgovernmentsrandeficitsofmorethan3%ofGDPlastyear

andwilldosoagainthisyear.Bothexpecttobreachthelimitforthethirdtimein2004.

EarlierthisyeartheEuropeanCommission,whichpolicesthepact,agreedtogiveboth

countriesanextrayear,until2005,tobringtheirdeficitsbackintoline.Butitalso

instructedthemtorevisittheirbudgetplansfor2004andmakeextracuts.Francewas

askedtocutitsunderlying,cyclicallyadjusteddeficitbyafull1%ofGDP,Germanyby

1.8%.Bothresisted.Underthepact'shales,thecommission'sprescriptionshavenoforce

untilformallyendorsedinavolebytheEuroarea'sfinanceministers,knownasthe

"Eurogroup".Andthevotesweresimplynotthere.Instead,theEurogroupagreedonaset

ofproposalsofitsown,drawnupbytheItalianfinanceminister,GiulioTremonti.France

willcutitsstructuraldeficitby1.8%ofGDPnextyear.Germanyby0.6%.In2005,both

willbringtheirdeficitsbelow3%,economicgrowthpermitting.Nothingwillenforceor

guaranteethisagreementexceptFranceandGermany'sword.TheEuropeanCentral

Bank(ECB)wasalarmedatthisoutcome,thecommissionwasdismayed,andthesmaller

Euro-areacountrieswhoopposedthedealwereapoplectic:treatylawwasgivingwayto

the''Franco-Germansteamroller",asLeFigaro,aFrenchnewspaper,putit.Thisanger

willsourEuropeanpoliticsandmayspilloverintonegotiationsonaproposedEU

constitution.Havingthrowntheirweightaroundthisweek,FranceandGermanymay

findothersmallermembersmorereluctantthanevertogivegroundinthenegotiationson

thedocument.TheEU'smidsizedcountriesalsohopetocapitalizeonthisressentiment.

Spainopposesthedraftconstitutionbecauseitwillgiveitsubstantiallylessvotingweight

thanitcurrentlyenjoys.ItsidedagainstFranceandGermanyonTuesday,andwillpoint

totheirfiscaltransgressionstoshowthattheEU*sbigcountriesdonotdeservetheextra

powertheproposedconstitutionwillgivethem.

46、Thetextismainlyabout

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點3析：題干問：“這篇文章主要講述了……”，此題考察本文的中心，正確選

項為C“歐盟在解決財政赤字時的進(jìn)退兩難”。而選項A”實施歐盟的規(guī)定”，選項

B”某些歐盟成員國對于赤字的虛假報告”和選項D“實施歐盟的金融政策”，雖然在

文中部分提及，但都不是文章的中心。

47、ThefateoftheEurogroup'sprescriptionsismanifestedinthefactthatFranceand

Germany

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：題干問：“歐盟規(guī)定的命運在事實中表現(xiàn)出來，這一事實是法國和德

國……正確選項為A“拒絕遵從它的規(guī)定”，此題定位于第2自然段，且第3自

然段也講到了這一點。而選項B”反對一些小國家”，選項C“重新考慮它們的財政

赤字”和選項D“將財政赤字降到限額內(nèi)”都不符合題干的要求。

48、Theexpression"Thisoutcome"(Paragraph3)meansthat

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析:題干問：“這個表達(dá)叮hisoutcome，的意思是……正確選項為D“這

個協(xié)議不可能得到保證”，這是一個語境的歸納題，定位在第3自然段。而選項

A“一些新的建議將會受到歡迎”，選項B“小國家反對這個做法”和選項C“某些限制

正在失去效用”都不是這個表達(dá)在上下文的含義。

TogetfromKathmandutothetinyvillageinNepal,DaveIrvine-Hallidayspentmore

thantwodays.Whenhearrived,hefoundvillagersworkingandreadingaroundbattery-

poweredlampsequippedwithlight-emittingdiodes,orLEDs-thesamelampshehadleft

therein2000.Irvine-Halliday,anAmericanphotonicsengineer,wasnotsurprised.He

chosetouseLEDbulbsbecausetheyarerugged,portable,long-lived,and,extremely

efficient.Eachofhislampsproducesausefulamountofilluminationfromjustonewatt

ofpower.Villagersusethemaboutfourhourseachnight,thentopoffthebatteryby

pedalingageneratorforhalfanhour.Thecool,steadybeamisahugeimprovementover

lampsstillcommonindevelopingcountries.Infact,LEDshavebigadvantagesover

familiarincandescent(白熾的)lightsaswell-somuchsothatIrvine-Hallidayexpects

LEDswilleventuallytakeoverfromThomasEdison'soldlightbulbastheworld'smain

sourceofartificialillumination.ThedawnofLEDsbeganabout40yearsago.butearly

LEDsproducedredorgreenglowssuitablemainlyfordisplaysindigitalclocksand

calculators.Adecadeago,engineersinventedasemiconductorcrystalmadeofan

aluminumcompoundthatproducedamuchbrighterredlight.Aroundthesametime,a

JapaneseengineerdevelopedthefirstpracticalblueLED.Thissmalladvancehadahuge

impactbecauseblue,green,andredLEDscanbecombinedtocreatemostofthecolors

oftherainbow,justasthatinacolortelevisionpicture.Thesedays,high-intensitycolor

LEDsareshowingupeverywheresuchasthetrafficlights.Thereasonsfortherapid

switchoveraresimple.Incandescentbulbshavetobereplacedannually,butLEDtraffic

lightsshouldlastfivetoyenyears.LEDsalsouse80to90percentlesselectricitythan

theconventionalsignalstheyreplace.Collectively,thenewtrafficlightssaveatleast400

millionkilowatt-hoursayearintheUnitedStates.MuchbiggersavingsawaitifLEDs

cansupplantMr.Edison'sbulbattheofficeandinthelivingroom.Creatingawhite-light

LEDthatisenergy-saving,cheapandappealinghasprovedatoughengineering

challenge.Butallthemajorlightbulbmakers-includingGeneralElectric,Philips,and

Osram-Sylvania-areteamingupwithsemiconductormanufacturerstomakeithappen.

49、Fromthefirstparagraph,wecanseethatDaveIrvine-Halliday.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：文章第一段說，當(dāng)哈利德到達(dá)尼泊爾遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)村民們

正用他留給他們的發(fā)光二極管的燈來工作和學(xué)習(xí)。

50、TheauthorimpliesthatvillagerslikedLEDbulbsverymuch,becausethey.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點解析：這是一道引申判斷題。第二段提到，村民們每晚用電4個小時，然后

用腳踏的方式來給電池充電?？梢韵胂螅谝粋€遙遠(yuǎn)的小村莊，這可能是最理想的

充電方式了。

51、WhatdoesIrvine-HaltidaythinkofLEDs?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點解析?：第二段接著說，發(fā)光二極管比愛迪生的白熾燈具有更大的優(yōu)越性，所

以哈利德期待它能取代白熾燈成為世界的主要人造光源。

52、Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesnotagreewiththefactsinthepassage?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點解析：這是一道細(xì)節(jié)題。第三段說，10年前一位日本工程師研制出了藍(lán)色

發(fā)光二極管，這個小小的進(jìn)展具有極大的影響，因為藍(lán)、綠、紅是組成彩虹的主要

顏色。

53、Thepassageimpliesthat.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點解析：這道題需要分析判斷。最后一段說，研制出節(jié)能、廉價、美觀的白色

發(fā)光二極管是一個艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。再聯(lián)想到文章前面提到，美國的交通指示燈換上了

節(jié)能耐用的二極管，而發(fā)展中國家還都在用白熾燈。那么新能源的癥結(jié)就是不廉

價，這一判斷與A項相符。

Ifyouareafanofsciencefiction,you'venodoubtencounteredthetermnanotechnology,

Yetoverthepastyearalso,aseriesofbreakthroughshavetransformednanotcchfrom

sci-fifantasyintoareal-world.Appliedscience,andintheprocess,inspiredhuge

investmentsbybusiness,academia,andgovernment.Inindustriesasdiverseashealth

care,computers,chemicals,andaerospace,nanolechisoverhaulingproduction

techniques,resultinginnewandimprovedproducts,someofwhichmayalreadybein

yourhomeorworkplace.Theinspirationfornanotechgoesbacktoa1959speechbythe

latephysicistRichardFeynman,thenaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteof

Technology,titled"There'sPlentyofRoomattheBottom."Fourdecadeslater,Chad

Mirkin,aChemistryprofessoratNorthwesternUniversity's$34millionnanotech

center,usedananoscaledevicetoetchmostofFeynman'sspeechontoasurfacethesize

ofabout10tobaccosmokeparticles.Whataccountsforthesuddenaccelerationof

nanotechnology?Akeybreakthroughcamein1990,whenresearchersatIBM'sAlmaden

ResearchCentersucceededinrearrangingindividualatomsatwill.Usingadeviceknown

asascanningprobemicroscope,theteamslowlymoved35atomstospellthethrcc-lcttcr

IBMlogo,thusprovingFeynmanfight.TheentireLogowaslessthanthreenanometers.

Soon,scientistswerenotonlymanipulatingindividualatomsbutHspraypainting"with

themaswell.Usingatoolknownasamolecularbeamepitaxy,scientistshavelearnedto

createultrafinefilmsofspecializedcrystals,builtuponemolecularlayeratatime.This

isthetechnologyusedtodaytobuildread-headcomponentsforcomputerharddrives.

Thenextstageinthedevelopmento