專題08 情態(tài)動詞-小學(xué)語法精講精練（附口訣、練習(xí)和答案）

小學(xué)語法小學(xué)語法精講精練專題08情態(tài)動詞思考引入思考引入 太棒了!我最喜歡情態(tài)動詞了,因為的時候,謂語動詞都是原形,不用變來變?nèi)サ?。太棒?我最喜歡情態(tài)動詞了,因為的時候,謂語動詞都是原形,不用變來變?nèi)サ?。合哈?那你真的熟悉所有的情態(tài)動詞嗎?你搞清楚它們的用法和區(qū)別了嗎?合哈哈!那你真的熟悉所有的情態(tài)動詞嗎?你搞清楚它們的用法和區(qū)別了嗎?哎..哎......這個嘛.....那那今天我們就一起來學(xué)習(xí)幾組常用的情態(tài)動詞。知識概覽知識概覽知識精講知識精講一、情態(tài)動詞can/could1.表示能力，意為“會，能”(1)can多指一般性的能力Birdscanfly.鳥兒會飛。Shecan'tswim.她不會游泳。Canyouplaythepiano?你會彈鋼琴嗎?Whatcanyoudo?你能做什么?(2)could多指過去的能力CouldyouhearwhatIwassaying?你當(dāng)時能聽到我在說什么嗎?Icouldn'taffordthejacketatthattime.那時我買不起這件夾克。2.表示請求或允許，在疑問句中can和could可以互換(1)can可用于疑問句和肯定句Can/Couldyouhelpme?你能幫幫我嗎?Youcangohomenow.你現(xiàn)在可以回家了。(2)could語氣更委婉，主要用于疑問句，回答時要用can—Could/CanIuseyoureraser?我能用一下你的橡皮擦嗎?—Yes,youcan.是的，你可以。熱身小練①翻一翻。請你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.我會下棋。______________________________________2.你能幫我開一下門嗎?______________________________________答案：1.Icanplaychess.2.Could/Canyouhelpmeopenthedoor?二、情態(tài)動詞may/might1.表示請求或允許，might語氣更委婉MayIcomein?我能進來嗎?MightIknowyourname?我可以知曉你的名字嗎?2.表示推測，意為“可能”,might的可能性更低(一般不用于問句)Youmaycatchacold.你可能是感冒了。Shemightgetlostintheforest.她可能在森林里迷路了。熱身小練②翻一翻。請你根據(jù)括號內(nèi)的提示將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.她可能在圖書館。(可能性較大)____________________________________2.我能借(borrow)一下你的鋼筆嗎?(語氣較委婉)____________________________________答案：1.Shemaybeinthelibrary.2.MightIborrowyourpen?三、情態(tài)動詞must/haveto1.表示命令、必要，意為“必須，不得不”(1)must側(cè)重主觀上的“必須”Wemustfollowthetrafficrules.我們必須遵守交通規(guī)則。(2)haveto側(cè)重客觀上的“必須”,有人稱和時態(tài)變化Mybrotherisill.Ihavetolookafterhimathome.我的弟弟病了，我不得不在家照顧他。Thatnightwehadtowalkhomebecausetherewasnobus.因為沒有公交車了，那天晚上我們不得不走路回家。2.must表示有把握的推測，意為“一定，肯定”,用于肯定句中Hemustbelateagain.他肯定又遲到了。HemustbeanEnglish.他一定是個英國人。熱身小練③填一填。請你用情態(tài)動詞must和haveto將下列句子補充完整。1.He____________beintheclassroom.2.It'srainingoutside.He____________stayathome.答案：1.must2.hasto四、情態(tài)動詞will/would1.表示意愿、決心，意為“想要，愿意”(1)will表示現(xiàn)在的意愿Gowhereveryouwill.你愿意去哪兒就去哪兒。(2)would表示過去的意愿SheaskedifIwouldgowiththem.她問我是否愿意跟他們一起去。2.表示請求，用于第二人稱的疑問句中，would語氣更委婉Willyouhavesomemoretea?再來點兒茶，好嗎?Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrink?你想喝點兒什么嗎?wouldlike是一個動詞短語，表示“想要”熱身小練④填一填。請你用情態(tài)動詞will和would將下列句子補充憲整。1.Mr.Li____________seeyounow.2.____________youlikesomecoffee?答案：1.will2.Would五、情態(tài)動詞should1.表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該”Weshouldprotecttheenvironment.我們應(yīng)該保護環(huán)境。2.表示建議或勸告，意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”Youshouldseeadoctor.你應(yīng)該去看醫(yī)生。3.表示推測，意為“應(yīng)該，可能，大概”Heshouldarrivesoon.他應(yīng)該很快就到了。Thetrainshouldhavealreadyleft.火車可能已經(jīng)走了。熱身小練⑤翻一翻。請你將下列中文句子翻譯成英文。1.你應(yīng)該早點起床。______________________________________2.他不應(yīng)該酒后(afterdrink)駕車。______________________________________3.我們天黑(dark)以前應(yīng)該能到。______________________________________答案：1.Youshouldgetupearly.2.Heshouldnotdriveafterdrinking.3.Weshouldarrivebeforedark.知識精練知識精練一、單選題()1．People______usemobilephoneswhendriving.A．should B．shouldn’t C．can()2．Becauseofcoronavirusepidemic(冠狀病毒疫情),thepeopleinShanghai______stayathome,andthey______gooutorgettogether.A．must;can B．mustn’t;must C．must;mustn’t()3．Drivers______driveontheleftsideoftheroadintheUnitedKingdom.A．mustn’t B．can’t C．must()4．Children________eat________sweetfood.A．shouldn’t;alotof B．should;alotof C．mustn’t;some D．must;some()5．______youseetheredman?You______crosstheroadnow.A．Should;mustn’t B．Can;mustn’t C．Can;must()6．Fiveyearsago,Timwasshort,buthe_______playbasketballwell.A．couldn’t B．could C．can()7．She________gocyclingbefore.Butnowshecan________abikewell.A．can’t;ride B．couldn’t;riding C．couldn’t;ride()8．We______walkonthegrassinthepark.A．must B．can C．can’t D．mustn’t()9．We______useglassbottles.We______usetoomanyplasticbottles.A．should;should B．shouldn’t;should C．should;shouldn’t()10．—Mum,canIwatchTV?—No,youcan’t.It’stoolate.You______gotobed.A．can B．hasto C．must()11．—_____IwatchTV?—No.It’stoolate.You_____gotobednow.A．Can;must B．May;mustn’t C．Can;can’t()12．Mybrother_____usecomputerswhenhewasatschool.A．can’t B．couldn’t C．wasn’t()13．We______killwildanimals.A．should B．shouldn’t C．doesn’t()14．—________youjumpfar,Sam?—Yes,Ican.A．Can B．Will C．Have D．May()15．Lookatthissign.You______runontheroad.It’sdangerous.A．can’t B．shouldn’t C．must D．mustn’t二、選詞/短語填空16．Tohavegoodteeth,we____(should/shouldn’t)eattoomanysweets.17．Thisoldman_____(can/can’t)sitdown.Akindgirlhelpshim.18．I____(couldn’t/could)runfastorplayfootballverywell.19．Hereistheredlightnow.We________(can/can’t)________(cross/across)theroad.20．WhenyougotoaWesternparty,you______(should/shouldn’t)takeagift.21．—_____(Can/Must)heswimintheswimmingpool?—Yes,hemust.22．—_____(Can/Must)Iwatchthefilmwithmyfriendthisafternoon,Mum?—Yes,you_____(can/must).Butyou_____(can/must)cleanyourbedroomfirst.Itissomessy.23．—_____(Can/Must)Tomfinishhishomeworknow?—No,heneedn't.24．People_____(can't/mustn't)takephotosinsomespecialmuseums.25．"You_______(can/must)killherrightnow!"saidthebadqueen.三、用單詞正確形式填空26．Thelittleboy____(can)readbecausehewastooyoung.27．You____(must)playfootballontheroadbecausetherearemanycars.28．BecauseoftheCOVID-19(新冠病毒),we____(can)gotoschoollastmonth.29．Heshould_______(do)moresportsandhecanbehealthy.30．Inthelibrary,we_________(should)talk,we_________(should)readbooks.31．Therabbit________(can)jump.四、改寫句子32．Hecouldplaybasketballverywell.(改為否定句)He________playbasketballverywell.33．Wecan′tthrowrubbishonth