重慶市西南大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月階段性檢測(cè)（二）英語(yǔ)試題

西南大學(xué)附中高2025屆高三上11月階段性檢測(cè)（二）英語(yǔ)試題（滿(mǎn)分：150分；考試時(shí)間：120分鐘）注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、班級(jí)、考場(chǎng)/座位號(hào)、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.答選擇題時(shí)，必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；答非選擇題時(shí)，必須使用0.5毫米的黑色簽字筆書(shū)寫(xiě)；必須在題號(hào)對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書(shū)寫(xiě)無(wú)效；保持答卷清潔、完整。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回（試題卷學(xué)生保存，以備評(píng)講）。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whichrestaurantdoesthemanwanttogoto?A.TheChineseone.B.TheItalianone.C.TheIndianone.2.WhatisFrankplanningtodo?A.Movetoabigcity.B.Beeateacher.C.TakecoursesinNewYork.3.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Doctorandnurse.B.Nurseandpatient.C.Doctorandpatient.4.Whatshouldthewomandofirst?A.Arrangeameeting.B.Ordersomepaper.C.Finishthereports.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Work.B.Shopping.C.Traveling.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.HowwillthewomantraveltoLondon?A.Bytrain.B.Bycar.C.Byair.7.HowmuchdoestheHiltonchargeforanight?A.￡90.B.￡75.C.￡60.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatarethespeakersplanning?A.Abusinesstrip.B.Avacation.C.Awedding.9.WhichseasonisitnowinFrance?A.Spring.B.Summer.C.Winter.10.Wherewillthespeakersprobablygo?A.ToBrazil.B.ToHawaii.C.ToItaly.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemovie?AIt’shorrible.B.It’spopular.C.It’sunrealistic.12.Whatwerethecoupletalkingaboutduringthemovie?A.Themusicofthemovie.B.Theactressinthemovie.C.Thestoryofthemovie.13.Whostoppedtheargument?A.Themanager.B.ThemanonMary’sleft.C.ThemaninfrontofMary.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.Wherearethespeakers?A.Atabank.B.Atanoffice.C.Atashowroom.15.WhatdoesthewomanlikeaboutKia?A.Itsquality.B.Itsprice.C.Itsstyle.16.Whatcolorcarwillthewomanprobablygetnextweek?A.Black.B.Red.C.Green.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.HowisthespeakerrelatedtoJerry?A.Hisfriend.B.Hisbrother.C.Hiscousin.18.HowmanyyearsolderisthespeakerthanJerry?A.Ayearandahalf.B.Twoyears.C.Threeyears.19.WhatdoweknowaboutJanet?A.Sheistalkingtothespeakerinperson.B.SheisattendingthroughtheInternet.C.Sheiscryingfornotsendingagift.20.Whatdoesthespeakersuggestdoingatlast?A.Watchingthecoupledance.B.Havingdinnerrightaway.C.Welingsomeyoungadults.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AChanceplayedamajorroleinsomeoftheworld’sgreatinventions,fromAnaesthesiatoBrandy.AnaesthesiaInventor:HoraceWellsYear:1844WhatHappened:Initssaladdays,N?Owasstrictlyapartytoy,sinceitmadepeoplehowllikehyenas(土狼).Butafriendofthedentisttooktoomuchofthestuffatalaughinggasstageshowandcuthisleg.However,thefriendhadn’trealizedhe’dhurthimself.Asaresult,Nitrousoxidebecameanearlyformofanaesthesia.SaccharinInventors:ConstantinFahlbergandIraRemsenYear:1879WhatHappened:Afterspendingthedaystudyingcoaltar(瀝青)byproducts,FahlberglefthisJohnsHopkinslaboratoryandwenttodinner.Somethingheatetastedparticularlysweet,whichhetracedtoachemicalpoundhe’dspilledonhishand.Bestofall,itcontainednocalorie.Asaresult,hecutRemsenandtheuniversityoutofmillionsofdollarswhenhesecretlypatentedthebreakthroughdiscovery,saccharin.SillyPuttyInventor:JamesWrightYear:1943WhatHappened:Duringthewaryears,theGeneralElectricengineerbinedC6H18OSi2andHBrO3inanattempttofindacheapalternativetorubberfortankfootboard(腳踏板).Itdidn’twork.Butthescientistshadfunbouncingandstretchingthemix,whentheyweren’tusingittotransfericsontopaper.KidsendeduphavingfunplayingwiththeSillyPuttytoo.BrandyInventor:ADutchshipmasterYear:16thcenturyWhatHappened:Heusedheattoconcentratewineinordertomakeiteasiertotransport,withtheideaofaddingwatertorecoveritwhenhearrived.Unexpectedly,concentratedwinetastedbetterthanwatereddownwine.Sincethen,“Burntwine”or“brandewijn”inDutch,hasbeeabighit.Callitbrandy,sinceafterafewdrinksofthestuff,there’snowayyoucanpronouncebrandewijnsonowaitercanunderstandwhatyou’reordering.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutsaccharin?A.Itiscaloriefree. B.Itiscostly.C.Itisalabbyproduct. D.Itisillegal.2.Whichoftheinventionsisatoyforkids?A.Anaesthesia. B.Saccharin.C.SillyPutty. D.Brandy.3.Whatdotheyhaveinmon?A.Theyareeatable.B.Theywereinventedinwartime.C.Theyareorganicpounds.D.Theywerediscoveredaccidentally.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了世界上因偶然而有的幾項(xiàng)發(fā)明?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹Saccharin部分的句子“Afterspendingthedaystudyingcoaltar(瀝青)byproducts,FahlberglefthisJohnsHopkinslaboratoryandwenttodinner.Somethingheatetastedparticularlysweet,whichhetracedtoachemicalpoundhe’dspilledonhishand.Bestofall,itcontainednocalorie.(花了一天時(shí)間研究煤焦油副產(chǎn)品后，法爾伯格離開(kāi)了他在約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室，去吃晚飯。他吃的東西嘗起來(lái)特別甜，他認(rèn)為這是他灑在手上的一種化合物。最重要的是，它不含卡路里。)”可知，糖精不含卡路里。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹SillyPutty的句子“Duringthewaryears,theGeneralElectricengineerbinedC6H18OSi2andHBrO3inanattempttofindacheapalternativetorubberfortankfootboard(腳踏板).Itdidn’twork.Butthescientistshadfunbouncingandstretchingthemix,whentheyweren’tusingittotransfericsontopaper.KidsendeduphavingfunplayingwiththeSillyPuttytoo.(在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)年代，通用電氣的工程師將C6H18OSi2和HBrO3結(jié)合起來(lái)，試圖找到一種廉價(jià)的橡膠替代品，用于坦克踏板。但沒(méi)有成功。但當(dāng)科學(xué)家們不用它把漫畫(huà)轉(zhuǎn)印到紙上時(shí)，他們很喜歡彈跳和拉伸這種混合物。孩子們最后也玩得很開(kāi)心。)”可知，SillyPutty是孩子們的玩具。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一句“Chanceplayedamajorroleinsomeoftheworld’sgreatinventions,fromAnaesthesiatoBrandy.(機(jī)遇在世界上一些偉大的發(fā)明中發(fā)揮了重要作用，從麻醉到白蘭地。)”和文中介紹的幾項(xiàng)發(fā)明可知，他們的共同點(diǎn)是它們都是偶然被發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故選D項(xiàng)。BWhenChloeChongthinksbacktoherchildhood,hersixyearoldselfwouldneverhavedaredtodreamshewouldbewheresheisnow.Thisweekendthe16yearoldwillbepetingattheUnitedStatesGrandPrixinAustin,Texas,aspartoftheF1Academysupportrace.Chloe’sdecisiontostartracingcameaboutwhenshewasasyoungasfive.Shealwayswantedtogointoacar,andthateventuallyhappenedwhenshebeggedandbeggedherparents,whoweren’tintoracing,really.“WeoncewatchedF1togetherandthatbroughtaboutapassionforsportinme,”recalledChloe.ChloedidthinkaboutgoingstraightintotheF1bigleague,butherdadremindedherofthehardworkneededalongtheway.That’showshestartedinkarting(卡丁車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng))onthetrackwhereLewisHamilton,herhero,began,asallchampionsdo.Butmovingfromkartingtoracingcarshasbeenamassiveadjustment.Theformerbuildstherhythmandtheovertakingwhilethere’sjustawholedifferentlevelofdetailaboutracingcars,whichcausesnotonlyalotmoreanalysisbutmoremunicationswiththeengineerandtheteam.Nevertheless,morestrategyiswhatChloethinksthebiggestadjustmentforherandprobablythehardestpartthathastakenthemosttime.At16,ChloeistooyoungtolegallydriveonBritishroadsbuthasbeenflyingalongat150mphinherF1Academycaronthetrackthisyear.Chloe’saimsfortheseasonwerejusttopleteraces,butafterfinishingsixthinherfirstraceshecreatedareallyprogressivemomentthatwilllivewithherforever.TheraceinTexasthisweekendistheonlysupportracefortheF1Academy,butthatwillchangefromnextyearwiththeallfemalejuniorcategoryholdingallitsroundsassupportracesforit.Chloefeelsthesetypesofmovesinmotorsportareamassivestepforwardforwomen,especiallyintermsofbudgets,which,shethinks,isoneofthebiggestchallenges.4.WhatcausedChloetostartracing?A.Herfather’spermission.B.Herparents’passion.C.Awakeneddesireinher.D.LewisHamilton’sencouragement.5.WhatisthemostdifficultforChloefromkartingtoracingcars?A.Devotingmosttime.B.Navigatingastrategycenteredshift.C.Beingfasterandmorerhythmic.D.Makinganalysisandmunications.6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesChloe?A.Determinedanddevoted.B.Generousandadventurous.C.Economicalandpractical.D.Responsibleandagreeable.7.WhatisChloe’sattitudetowardswomen’smotorsport?A.Realistic. B.Pessimistic.C.Idealistic. D.Optimistic.【答案】4.C5.B6.A7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講述了16歲女孩ChloeChong實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的賽車(chē)夢(mèng)，她即將參加得克薩斯州的F1學(xué)院支持賽?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Chloe’sdecisiontostartracingcameaboutwhenshewasasyoungasfive.Shealwayswantedtogointoacar,andthateventuallyhappenedwhenshebeggedandbeggedherparents,whoweren’tintoracing,really.(Chloe在五歲時(shí)就決定開(kāi)始參加比賽。她總是想要進(jìn)入賽車(chē)，當(dāng)她不斷地懇求她的父母時(shí)，終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一愿望，而她的父母其實(shí)并不喜歡賽車(chē))”可知，Chloe在五歲時(shí)就喜歡上的賽車(chē)，她一直想想要進(jìn)入賽車(chē)，由此可推測(cè)出，是Chloe自己內(nèi)心的渴望促使她開(kāi)始賽車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Nevertheless,morestrategyiswhatChloethinksthebiggestadjustmentforherandprobablythehardestpartthathastakenthemosttime.(然而，更多的策略是Chloe認(rèn)為對(duì)她來(lái)說(shuō)最大的調(diào)整，也可能是耗時(shí)最多的最困難的部分)”可知，Chloe從卡丁車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)向賽車(chē)的最大困難在于：她需要適應(yīng)策略為中心的轉(zhuǎn)變。故選B。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Chloe’sdecisiontostartracingcameaboutwhenshewasasyoungasfive.Shealwayswantedtogointoacar,andthateventuallyhappenedwhenshebeggedandbeggedherparents,whoweren’tintoracing,really.(Chloe在五歲時(shí)就決定開(kāi)始參加比賽。她總是想要進(jìn)入賽車(chē)，當(dāng)她不斷地懇求她的父母時(shí)，終于實(shí)現(xiàn)了這一愿望，而她的父母其實(shí)并不喜歡賽車(chē))”可知，Chloe在五歲時(shí)就決定開(kāi)始賽車(chē)，并且為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一愿望，她不斷地懇求父母，最終得償所愿，由此可推測(cè)出，她是一個(gè)有決心的人。根據(jù)第二段中的“ChloedidthinkaboutgoingstraightintotheF1bigleague,butherdadremindedherofthehardworkneededalongtheway.That’showshestartedinkarting(卡丁車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng))onthetrackwhereLewisHamilton,herhero,began,asallchampionsdo.(Chloe確實(shí)考慮過(guò)直接進(jìn)入F1大聯(lián)盟，但她的父親提醒她一路上需要付出艱苦的努力。這就是她如何在她的英雄LewisHamilton開(kāi)始的賽道上開(kāi)始卡丁車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)，就像所有冠軍一樣)”和倒數(shù)第二段中的“At16,ChloeistooyoungtolegallydriveonBritishroadsbuthasbeenflyingalongat150mphinherF1Academycaronthetrackthisyear.(16歲的Chloe還太小，不能在英國(guó)公路上合法駕駛，但今年她一直在賽道上以150英里/小時(shí)的速度駕駛她的F1學(xué)院賽車(chē))”可知，Chloe從5歲到16歲都在堅(jiān)持自己的賽車(chē)夢(mèng)想，并且向自己的英雄LewisHamilton學(xué)習(xí)，從卡丁車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)開(kāi)始，而且盡管她因?yàn)槟挲g原因不能在合法上路行駛，但她一直在賽道上練習(xí)駕駛，由此可推測(cè)出，她是一個(gè)對(duì)賽車(chē)全心全意的人。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Chloefeelsthesetypesofmovesinmotorsportareamassivestepforwardforwomen,especiallyintermsofbudgets,which,shethinks,isoneofthebiggestchallenges.(Chloe認(rèn)為，賽車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)中的這些行動(dòng)對(duì)女性來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)巨大的進(jìn)步，尤其是在預(yù)算方面，她認(rèn)為這是最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一)”可推知，她對(duì)女性賽車(chē)運(yùn)動(dòng)持樂(lè)觀的態(tài)度。故選D。CHowdoesthebrainrepresentsentences?Thisisoneofthefundamentalquestionsinbrainscience,becausesentencesareanexampleofabstractstructuralknowledgethatisnotdirectlyobservablefromspeech.Whileallsentencesaremadeupofsmallerbuildingblocks,suchaswordsandphrases,notallbinationsofwordsorphrasesleadtosentences.LiseMeitnerGroupLeaderAndreaMartinalreadyhadatheoryonhowthebraininterpretslinguisticstructure,basedonevidencefromputersimulation.Tofurthertestthis“timebased”model,Martinandcolleaguessetouttoinvestigatewhetherthebrainrespondsdifferentlytosentencesandphrases,andifthiscouldsuggesthowthebrainencodesabstractstructure.Theresearcherscreatedsetsofspokenphrases(theredvase)andsentences(thevaseisred),whichwereidenticalindurationandnumberofsyllablesinDutch,andhighlysimilarinmeaning.Theyalsocreatedpictureswithobjectsinfivedifferentcolors.FifteenadultDutchspeakersparticipatedintheexperiment.Foreachspokenstimulus(刺激),theywereaskedtoperformoneofthreetasksinrandomorder.Thefirsttaskwasstructurerelated,asparticipantshadtodecidewhethertheyhadheardaphraseorasentencebypushingabutton.Thesecondandthirdtaskweremeaningrelated,asparticipantshadtodecidewhetherthecolororobjectofthespokenstimulusmatchedthepicturethatfollowed.Asexpected,theactivationpatternsofneurons(神經(jīng)細(xì)胞)inthebrainweredifferentforphrasesandsentences,intermsofbothtimingandstrengthofneuralconnections.“Ourfindingsshowhowthebrainseparatesspeechintolinguisticstructurebyusingthetimingandconnectivityofneuralfiringpatterns.Thesesignalsfromthebrainprovideafreshbasisforfutureresearchonhowourbrainscreatelanguage”,saysMartin.“Inprinciple,thetimebasedmethodcouldbeusedformachinelearningsystemsthatinterfacewithspokenlanguageprehensioninordertorepresentabstractstructure,somethingmachinesystemscurrentlystrugglewith.”8.WhyisaquestionraisedinParagraph1?A.Tohighlighttheplexityofhumanbrain.B.Topredicttheevolutiontrendofbrainscience.C.Toexplainthestructuralknowledgeinsentences.D.TointroducetheresearchconductedbyAndreaMartin.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulation”meaninParagraph2?A.Input. B.Investigation. C.Modelling. D.Testing.10.WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A.Thesettingoftheresearch. B.Theprocessoftheresearch.C.Theinnovativeaspectsoftheresearch. D.Thescientificbasisoftheresearch.11.WhatcanbelearnedfromMartin’sments?A.TheresearchapproachcanbefurtherappliedtoAI.B.Thefindingsoftheresearchneedtobefurtheridentified.CHumanbrainperformsmuchbetterthanwhatputerstruggleswith.D.Thebrain’scapacityforinterpretingsentencescanbetransferredtoputer.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于大腦是如何表達(dá)句子的研究，解釋了研究的開(kāi)展以及未來(lái)的應(yīng)用?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Howdoesthebrainrepresentsentences?Thisisoneofthefundamentalquestionsinbrainscience,becausesentencesareanexampleofabstractstructuralknowledgethatisnotdirectlyobservablefromspeech.Whileallsentencesaremadeupofsmallerbuildingblocks,suchaswordsandphrases,notallbinationsofwordsorphrasesleadtosentences.(大腦是如何表達(dá)句子的？這是腦科學(xué)中的一個(gè)基本問(wèn)題，因?yàn)榫渥邮浅橄蠼Y(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)的一個(gè)例子，不能從言語(yǔ)中直接觀察到。雖然所有的句子都是由更小的構(gòu)建塊組成的，比如單詞和短語(yǔ)，但并不是所有的單詞或短語(yǔ)組合都能構(gòu)成句子)”以及第二段“LiseMeitnerGroupLeaderAndreaMartinalreadyhadatheoryonhowthebraininterpretslinguisticstructure,basedonevidencefromputersimulation.(LiseMeitner小組組長(zhǎng)AndreaMartin已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)基于計(jì)算機(jī)模擬證據(jù)的關(guān)于大腦如何解釋語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的理論)”可知，第1段提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題是為了引入AndreaMartin所做的研究。故選D。【9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“Tofurthertestthis“timebased”model,Martinandcolleaguessetouttoinvestigatewhetherthebrainrespondsdifferentlytosentencesandphrases,andifthiscouldsuggesthowthebrainencodesabstractstructure.(為了進(jìn)一步測(cè)試這種“基于時(shí)間”的模型，馬丁和同事們開(kāi)始研究大腦對(duì)句子和短語(yǔ)的反應(yīng)是否不同，以及這是否能說(shuō)明大腦是如何對(duì)抽象結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行編碼的)”可知，AndreaMartin已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)基于計(jì)算機(jī)模型證據(jù)的關(guān)于大腦如何解釋語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的理論。故劃線詞意思是“模仿”。故選C?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theresearcherscreatedsetsofspokenphrases(theredvase)andsentences(thevaseisred),whichwereidenticalindurationandnumberofsyllablesinDutch,andhighlysimilarinmeaning.Theyalsocreatedpictureswithobjectsinfivedifferentcolors.FifteenadultDutchspeakersparticipatedintheexperiment.Foreachspokenstimulus(刺激),theywereaskedtoperformoneofthreetasksinrandomorder.Thefirsttaskwasstructurerelated,asparticipantshadtodecidewhethertheyhadheardaphraseorasentencebypushingabutton.Thesecondandthirdtaskweremeaningrelated,asparticipantshadtodecidewhetherthecolororobjectofthespokenstimulusmatchedthepicturethatfollowed.(研究人員創(chuàng)造了一組口語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)（紅色的花瓶）和句子（紅色的花瓶），它們?cè)诤商m語(yǔ)的持續(xù)時(shí)間和音節(jié)數(shù)量上是相同的，在意義上也非常相似。他們還用五種不同顏色的物體制作了圖片。15名說(shuō)荷蘭語(yǔ)的成年人參加了這項(xiàng)實(shí)驗(yàn)。對(duì)于每一個(gè)口頭刺激，他們被要求按隨機(jī)順序執(zhí)行三個(gè)任務(wù)中的一個(gè)。第一個(gè)任務(wù)與結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，參與者必須通過(guò)按按鈕來(lái)決定他們聽(tīng)到的是一個(gè)短語(yǔ)還是一個(gè)句子。第二和第三個(gè)任務(wù)是與意義相關(guān)的，因?yàn)閰⑴c者必須決定口頭刺激的顏色或物體是否與隨后的圖片相匹配)”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是研究的過(guò)程。故選B?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ourfindingsshowhowthebrainseparatesspeechintolinguisticstructurebyusingthetimingandconnectivityofneuralfiringpatterns.Thesesignalsfromthebrainprovideafreshbasisforfutureresearchonhowourbrainscreatelanguage”,saysMartin.“Inprinciple,thetimebasedmethodcouldbeusedformachinelearningsystemsthatinterfacewithspokenlanguageprehensioninordertorepresentabstractstructure,somethingmachinesystemscurrentlystrugglewith.”(“我們的研究結(jié)果表明，大腦是如何利用神經(jīng)放電模式的時(shí)間和連通性將語(yǔ)音分成語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)的。這些來(lái)自大腦的信號(hào)為未來(lái)研究大腦如何創(chuàng)造語(yǔ)言提供了新的基礎(chǔ)?！瘪R丁說(shuō)。“原則上，基于時(shí)間的方法可以用于與口語(yǔ)理解相結(jié)合的機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)系統(tǒng)，以表示抽象結(jié)構(gòu)，這是機(jī)器系統(tǒng)目前難以做到的。”)”可知，研究方法可以進(jìn)一步應(yīng)用于人工智能。故選A。DIn1990,GibsonandBruceSterling’sTheDifferenceEngineimaginedanalternativehistorywhereputerswerebuiltacenturyearlierwithgears(齒輪),helpingpopularizesteampunk,astyleofblendingoldandnewtechnologies.Howbreathtakingwhentechnologycouldbeconstructedfromthepast’sparts!Butwhatiftheworldtrulyworkedthisway?Isdigitalperfectiontoomuchtrustworthy?Itmightbebettertoseeitnotasaglimpseintothefuture,butasalegacyfromthepast,withalltheproblemshandeddown.InJanuary2023,thegroundingofU.S.planescauseddelaysandlosseswhentheoutdatedNOTAMsystemfrom1920failed.InasteampunkinspiredDoctorWhoepisode,heroesdiscovertheengineofaspaceshipisfuturisticbyappearancebutatortured,whalelikecreature,drivenlikeahorseunderthewhip.Thosewhogrowcuriousfacesocialpressure,punishment,anddistractionstobekeptignorant.SteampunktalesrevisitVictorianpowerstructuresoftheauthorities,wherebossespromiseabrightfuturewhilehidingthesufferingthatfuelsit.Theseelementsprovokereflectionontoday’sworld:Whotrulylaborsbehindthescenes?Aretheylivingthebrightfuturepromisedtoothers?Steampunkmachines,bothextraordinaryandromantic,oftenstirupsadnessastheirpartswearout,demandingconstantattentiontofunction.InPushingIce,researcherslandonanalienspaceship,onlytobetrappedasitacceleratesintodeepspace.Withnochoice,theyconstructachainofgearstocontrolitsenergy,inspectingeverygeardaily;evenasinglemalfunctioncouldleadtodeath.Ultimately,itishumans—weak,imperfect,tendingtoagingmachines—thatsustainus.Thissteampunklikeviewoftechnology,blendingoldandnew,isparticularlyrelevanttoday,whenmoderntechnologiesoftendistractusfromtheirinnerworkings.JustaswereceiveinstantAmazonorders,wemaysoondependonAI,focusingonresultswithoutquestioningtheprocess.Therisksofthisrelationshiptotechnologyareselfevident.Yetit’snotsohardtoadjust,imaginingaforestofgearsturning,wonderingiftheyfit.It’salllessperfectthanitseems.12.WhatdoestheNOTAMsystemillustrate?A.Aproofoftrustworthydigitalperfection.B.Aperfectmixofoldandnewtechnologies.C.Anecessityofabreathtakingglimpseintofuture.D.Adisplayofafuturelikeyetproblematicheritage.13.Whatistypicalofsteampunkstories?A.TheydrawonVictoriansociety.B.Theyarestarredbythecruelbosses.C.Theyarefueledbyapromisingfuture.D.Theythinkhighlyofbehindthescenelabors.14.Howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?A.Bypresentingfacts.B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bylistingexamples.D.Byfollowingtimeorder.15.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.ThePerfectMachine:AVictoryFantasyB.ImperfectProgress:ASteampunkInsightC.Unfailingornot?MachinesofTomorrowD.Perfectornot?TheSteampunkRevolution【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了蒸汽朋克，一種融合新舊技術(shù)的風(fēng)格，它既有重要性也有不完美性?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Itmightbebettertoseeitnotasaglimpseintothefuture,butasalegacyfromthepast,withalltheproblemshandeddown.(最好不要把它看作是對(duì)未來(lái)的一瞥，而是把它看作是過(guò)去遺留下來(lái)的問(wèn)題。)”可知，NOTAM系統(tǒng)展示了一個(gè)類(lèi)似未來(lái)但存在問(wèn)題的遺產(chǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“SteampunktalesrevisitVictorianpowerstructuresoftheauthorities,wherebossespromiseabrightfuturewhilehidingthesufferingthatfuelsit.(蒸汽朋克的故事重溫了維多利亞時(shí)代的權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)，在那里，老板們承諾一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)，同時(shí)隱藏著推動(dòng)未來(lái)的痛苦。)”可知，典型的蒸汽朋克故事是他們借鑒了維多利亞時(shí)代的社會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“InJanuary2023,thegroundingofU.S.planescauseddelaysandlosseswhentheoutdatedNOTAMsystemfrom1920failed.(2023年1月，由于1920年過(guò)時(shí)的NOTAM系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，美國(guó)飛機(jī)停飛，造成延誤和損失。)”和第三段“Inasteampunkinspired

DoctorWho

episode,heroesdiscovertheengineofaspaceshipisfuturisticbyappearancebutatortured,whalelikecreature,drivenlikeahorseunderthewhip.(在這部蒸汽朋克風(fēng)格的《神秘博士》中，英雄們發(fā)現(xiàn)一艘宇宙飛船的引擎從外觀上看是未來(lái)派的，但實(shí)際上是一個(gè)像鯨魚(yú)一樣的生物，像鞭子下的馬一樣被驅(qū)趕著。)”和第四段“In

PushingIce,researcherslandonanalienspaceship,onlytobetrappedasitacceleratesintodeepspace.(在《推冰》中，研究人員登上了一艘外星飛船，卻在飛船加速進(jìn)入深空時(shí)被困住了。)”可知，這篇文章主要通過(guò)列舉例子來(lái)展開(kāi)的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。分析全文內(nèi)容再根據(jù)文章最后一段“Thissteampunklikeviewoftechnology,blendingoldandnew,isparticularlyrelevanttoday,whenmoderntechnologiesoftendistractusfromtheirinnerworkings.(這種蒸汽朋克式的科技觀融合了舊與新，在現(xiàn)代科技經(jīng)常分散我們對(duì)其內(nèi)部工作原理的注意力的今天尤為重要。)”和“Yetit’snotsohardtoadjust,imaginingaforestofgearsturning,wonderingiftheyfit.It’salllessperfectthanitseems.(然而，調(diào)整起來(lái)并不難，想象一個(gè)齒輪森林在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，想知道它們是否合適。一切都沒(méi)有看起來(lái)那么完美。)”可知，文章主要介紹了蒸汽朋克，一種融合新舊技，它既有重要性也有不完美性，所以C選項(xiàng)“不完美的進(jìn)步：蒸汽朋克的見(jiàn)解”適合用作文章標(biāo)題。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Acruisingholidayoffersfun,excitement,relaxationandmemorableexperiencesforeveryone.____16____StarttheFunEarlyYoucanstartenjoyingtheMedallionClassexperiencewellbeforeyougetonboard,bypletingthesimpletofollowoceanreadysteps.____17____Theyincludeanyspecialneeds,dietaryrestrictions,orassistancewithmovingaround.YoucanalsochooseyourfavouriteMedalliondeviceaccessorystyle,fromnecklacetobracelettosportsband.Betteryet,youcanstreamlineyourarrivalexperience.EnjoyEasyOnboardExperience____18____Gettinglostisimpossible,asitprovidesturnbyturndirectionstoanywhereyouwanttogoonboard.Itisalsoabletolocateandmessageyourfellowshipmatesinaflash.Meanwhile,carryingaroomkeyisathingofthepast,asyourstateroomautomaticallyunlocksasyouapproach.Withthefinerdetailstakencareof,you’refreetocreatethecruisingexperienceofyourdreams.EmbraceEndlessFeaturesandOptionsNomatterwhereyouare,orwhereyou’reheading,youcanrequestwhateveryourheartdesires,whetherthatbesunscreenbythepool,coffeeoracocktailonyourbalcony,orpizzaasyouwatchPrincess’sHallmarkMoviesUndertheStars.Andifshoppingisyourpleasure,putyourcreditcardsafelyawaybecauseMedallionPayhasyoucovered,allowingyouatrulytouchlessexperiencewhenpurchasinganythingontheship.____19____TherearemanywaysyoucanaccessallthefeaturesMedallionClasshastooffer―viatheMedallionClassapponyourmobiledevice,yourstateroomTV,portalslocatedthroughouttheship―orsimplyaskafriendlycrewmember,who’llbeabletodoitallforyou,whereveryouareonboard.____20____Andnow,thankstotheawardwinningPrincessMedallionClass,everythingyoulovedaboutaPrincesscruisejustgotevenbetter.A.Hereyoucanupdateyourpreferences.B.YoucanevenuseyourMedalliondevicetoshopashore!C.Theexperiencepromisesluxuriousservicesineveryway.D.Afterall,makingsureyoufeeltakencareofiswhatPrincessisallabout.E.Participateinonboardentertainmentactivitiesforamemorableexperience.F.Now,thankstoMedallionClass,itbeesmoreeffortlessandpersonalised.G.Onceonboard,youcanexploretheshipmoreconvenientlyviayourphoneapp.【答案】16.F17.A18.G19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了MedallionClass如何使游輪假期更方便舒適?！?6題詳解】上文“Acruisingholidayoffersfun,excitement,relaxationandmemorableexperiencesforeveryone.(郵輪假期為每個(gè)人提供樂(lè)趣、刺激、放松和難忘的經(jīng)歷)”說(shuō)明了游輪假期的樂(lè)趣，再結(jié)合下文“YoucanstartenjoyingtheMedallionClassexperiencewellbeforeyougetonboard,bypletingthesimpletofollowoceanreadysteps.(您可以在上船之前就開(kāi)始享受MedallionClass的體驗(yàn)，只需完成簡(jiǎn)單易懂的海上準(zhǔn)備步驟即可)”可知，空處需一個(gè)承上啟下的句子，引出下文“MedallionClass”，故F項(xiàng)“Now,thankstoMedallionClass,itbeesmoreeffortlessandpersonalised.(現(xiàn)在，多虧了MedallionClass，它變得更加輕松和個(gè)性化。)”符合句意，其中“it”指代上文“cruisingholiday”。故選F。【17題詳解】下文“Theyincludeanyspecialneeds,dietaryrestrictions,orassistancewithmovingaround.(它們包括任何特殊需要，飲食限制，或幫助四處走動(dòng))”可知，空處需說(shuō)明“They”指代的對(duì)象，A項(xiàng)“Hereyoucanupdateyourpreferences.(在這里，您可以更新您的偏好)”中“preferences”照應(yīng)后文“They”，符合句意。故選A?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“EnjoyEasyOnboardExperience(享受輕松的船上體驗(yàn))”及下文“Gettinglostisimpossible,asitprovidesturnbyturndirectionstoanywhereyouwanttogoonboard.Itisalsoabletolocateandmessageyourfellowshipmatesinaflash.(迷路是不可能的，因?yàn)樗峁┝四阆胍サ娜魏蔚胤降霓D(zhuǎn)彎方向。它還能夠在一瞬間定位并向你的同伴發(fā)送信息)”可知，此處描述了登船后一種設(shè)備帶來(lái)的便利。G項(xiàng)“Onceonboard,youcanexploretheshipmoreconvenientlyviayourphoneapp.(上船后，你可以通過(guò)應(yīng)用程序更方便地探索這艘船)”承上啟下，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G?！?9題詳解】上文“Andifshoppingisyourpleasure,putyourcreditcardsafelyawaybecauseMedallionPayhasyoucovered,allowingyouatrulytouchlessexperiencewhenpurchasinganythingontheship.(如果購(gòu)物是你的樂(lè)趣，那就把你的信用卡收起來(lái)，因?yàn)镸edallionPay為你提供了服務(wù)，讓你在船上購(gòu)買(mǎi)任何東西時(shí)都能享受到真正的無(wú)觸摸體驗(yàn))”介紹了可以使用MedallionPay進(jìn)行購(gòu)物，B項(xiàng)“YoucanevenuseyourMedalliondevicetoshopashore!(你甚至可以使用你的Medallion設(shè)備在岸上購(gòu)物！)”與前文構(gòu)成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明Medallion設(shè)備的便利之處。故選B?！?0題詳解】上文“TherearemanywaysyoucanaccessallthefeaturesMedallionClasshastooffer―viatheMedallionClassapponyourmobiledevice,yourstateroomTV,portalslocatedthroughouttheship―orsimplyaskafriendlycrewmember,who’llbeabletodoitallforyou,whereveryouareonboard.(您可以通過(guò)多種方式訪問(wèn)MedallionClass提供的所有功能——通過(guò)移動(dòng)設(shè)備上的MedallionClass應(yīng)用程序，您的客艙電視，遍布整個(gè)船的門(mén)戶(hù)網(wǎng)站——或者簡(jiǎn)單地詢(xún)問(wèn)友好的船員，他們將能夠?yàn)槟鲞@一切，無(wú)論您在船上什么地方)”描述了獲取MedallionClass服務(wù)的各種方式，說(shuō)明MedallionClass為顧客考慮周到。D項(xiàng)“Afterall,makingsureyoufeeltakencareofiswhatPrincessisallabout.(畢竟，確保你感到被照顧是Princess的全部)”解釋了這種周到體貼服務(wù)的出發(fā)點(diǎn)和宗旨，符合句意。故選D。第三部分英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。HeisaPeruvianbankerwhooffersschoolchildrencashforrecyclingplasticwaste,butthereallyremarkablethingaboutJoséAdolfoQuisocalaisthatheisstillachildhimself.Atjust7yearsold,JoséAdolfoQuisocalawitnessedhisclassmates____21____mealstobuytoys,aheartbreakingsightthatrevealedthehardchoiceschildreninhismunitywere____22____tomakeduetopoverty.Withdetermination,he____23____astudentbanktoteachchildrentheimportanceof____24____andempowerthemtotakecontroloftheirfinancialfutures.Soon,JoséAdolforealizedthatchildrensavingafewcentswouldtaketoolongto____25____abicycleorputer.Hedecidedtostartaninitiativetohelpthemmakemoneythrough____26____rubbish.Everyday,childrenbringtheir____27____toschoolbooths,wherethematerialsare____28____,andtheiraccountsarecredited.JoséAdolfonegotiated____29____rateswithlocalrecyclingpanies,ensuringadequaterewardsforthechildren’sefforts.____30____,thebankrecycles4.4tonsofmaterialamonthandhas____31____insevenschoolsinArequipa,withmoreona____32____list.Increasingly,themodelisgaining____33____intherestofPeruandabroad.JoséAdolfo’s____34____approachhasearned