人教版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)講義選修七　Unit2Unit4基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)

基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)選修七Unit2—Unit41.了解科幻小說(shuō)所賦予的?°幻想?±，依靠科技在未來(lái)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的極大可能；2.激發(fā)對(duì)動(dòng)物的關(guān)注，鼓勵(lì)自己去了解動(dòng)物，愛護(hù)動(dòng)物，引發(fā)學(xué)生對(duì)動(dòng)物保護(hù)的意識(shí)。3.了解世界上的貧富差異，從而懂得同情，學(xué)會(huì)分享，培養(yǎng)互助合作的精神和社會(huì)責(zé)任感。一、重點(diǎn)單詞需牢記1.desirevt.希望得到；想要n.渴望；欲望；渴求desiresth.渴望得到某物desiretodosth.希望/渴望做某事desirethatsb.(should)do要求??haveadesireforsth./todosth.渴望得到某物/希望做某事atone'sdesire照某人的希望Wealldesirehappinessandhealth.我們都希望幸福健康。Everyonehasadesireforsuccess,butnoteveryonedesirestogetrich.每個(gè)人都渴望成功，但并非人人都渴望金錢。2.favorn.喜愛；恩惠vt.喜愛；偏袒infavorof＝befor對(duì)??支持inone'sfavor對(duì)??有利dosb.afavor幫某人一個(gè)忙owesb.afavor欠某人人情I'mallinfavorof(pletelysupport)equalpayforequalwork.我完全支持同工同酬。Thesituationisinourfavor.形勢(shì)對(duì)我們有利。Sheisnotinfavorwiththemediajustnow.目前她沒有受到媒體的贊揚(yáng)。3.boundadj.一定的；密切相關(guān)的beboundto一定做??beboundtosth.被束縛于某物；被綁在某物上beboundupin熱心于；忙于Lookatthesky.It'sboundtorainthisafternoon.看看天空，今天下午一定會(huì)下雨。4.acpanyvt.陪伴；伴奏acpanysb.toaplace陪伴某人去某地acpanysth.伴隨?é¨214歲以下的兒童必須由成年人陪同。Childrenunder14mustbeacpanied__by__anadult.?é?那次旅行他有妻子陪伴。Hiswifeacpaniedhim__on__thetrip.?é¨1我得了重感冒而且發(fā)高燒還伴有咳嗽。Ihadabadcoldandhadahighfeveracpanied__with____cough.beacpaniedby由??陪同beacpaniedwith伴有，兼有Heacpaniedhisoldfathertothehospitaltoseewhat'swrongwithhisstomach.他陪他的老父親去醫(yī)院查看胃部出現(xiàn)了什么問(wèn)題。Thundersacpaniedbyheavyraininthisseasonareverymon.這個(gè)季節(jié)，雷鳴常常伴有大雨。5.envyn.&vt.妒忌；羨慕envysb.doing/forsth.忌妒或羨慕某人做某事withenvy羨慕地；忌妒地betheenvyof是令人羨慕/忌妒的事物outofenvy出于妒忌Ienvyyouhavingsuchagoodfriend!我羨慕你有這么一位好朋友！enviousadj.羨慕的；妒忌的beenviousof妒忌??；羨慕??6.witnessvt.當(dāng)場(chǎng)見到；目擊n.目擊者；證人；證據(jù)witnesstosth./doingsth.為某事作證bear/givewitnesstosth.作證；證明某事givewitnessonbehalfofsb.替某人作證beawitnessto...是??的目擊者Hewitnessedtohavingseenthemanenterthebuilding.他作證看到那個(gè)男人進(jìn)入這棟建筑物。Lifewithoutafriendisdeathwithoutawitness.在世無(wú)朋友，死后無(wú)證人。7.urgevt.催促；極力主張；驅(qū)策urgesb.onsth.＝urgeonsb.sth.力勸某人某事；催促某人某事urgesb.todosth.激勵(lì)某人做某事；慫恿某人做某事urgethat...主張??(用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)Hewavedhishandasifurgeuson.他揮揮手似乎在鼓勵(lì)我們前進(jìn)。urgencyn.緊急，迫切，急迫urgentadj.緊急的，急迫的；執(zhí)拗的8.abandonvt.放棄；遺棄；拋棄abandonone'sfriend/hope/idea背棄朋友/希望/主意abandononeselftosth.陷入某事abandonmentn.[U]遺棄；離棄；拋棄；放棄abandonern.放棄者；遺棄者；投保者abandoneen.承保人；被遺棄者?é?3個(gè)小時(shí)斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的降雨之后比賽取消了。Afterthreehoursofintermittentrain,thegame__was__abandoned__.?é¨1他們?cè)谝慌艔U棄火炮旁停了下來(lái)。Theystoppedbesideabatteryof__abandoned__guns.abandonedadj.被遺棄的；無(wú)拘束的Heabandonedhiswifeandwentawaywithalltheirmoney.他拋棄了妻子還帶走了兩人所有的錢。Theyabandonedthegamebecauseofrain.因?yàn)橄掠瓯荣愅Ｖ沽恕eabandonedhimselftodespair.他自暴自棄。9.awareadj.意識(shí)到的；知道的be/beeawareofsth.知道??；明白；意識(shí)到be/beeawarethat明白??；意識(shí)到??bemadeawareofsth.使知道，使清楚asfarasI'maware據(jù)我所知Hewaswellawareoftheproblem.他很清楚這個(gè)問(wèn)題。unawareadj.沒有想到的，沒意識(shí)到的awarenessn.知道，認(rèn)識(shí)；意識(shí)，興趣beunawareofsth.不知道，沒意識(shí)到??lackofawareness一無(wú)所知ItisimportantthatstudentsdevelopanawarenessofhowtheInternetcanbeused.重要的是學(xué)生逐漸懂得如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。10.scarevt.恐嚇vi.受驚嚇scaresb.away/off把某人嚇跑scaresb.into/outofsth.(doingsth.)嚇得某人做/不敢做某事scaredsb.todeath把??嚇?biāo)纀escaredtodosth.害怕的，不敢的(＝afraid)Mymotherisscaredtoflyinaplane.我母親怕搭飛機(jī)。Hewashorriblyscared.他驚恐萬(wàn)狀。Thethunderscaredthechildren.雷聲嚇著了孩子們。scaredadj.驚恐的，擔(dān)驚受怕的scaryadj.使人驚慌的；膽小的，容易受驚的；可怕的11.adjustvi.&vt.調(diào)整；(使)適合adjust(sth./oneself)(tosth.)使適應(yīng)；適應(yīng)IusuallyadjustmywatchbeforeIgotoworkinthemorning.我通常早上上班前校準(zhǔn)我的表。Headjustedhimselfveryquicklytotheheatofthecountry.他很快使自己適應(yīng)了這個(gè)國(guó)家炎熱的氣候。Thesedesksandchairscanbeadjustedtotheheightofanychild.這些桌子和凳子能被調(diào)整到適合任何孩子的高度。adjustmentn．調(diào)整；修正adjustableadj.可調(diào)節(jié)的；可調(diào)整的12.participatevi.參與；參加；有關(guān)系participatein參加，參與Everyoneinclassisexpectedtoparticipateinthesediscussions.希望全班同學(xué)都能參與這些討論。participantn.參加者，參與的人participationn.參與；分享participatein/attend/join/takepartin/joininparticipatein強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人一起以積極的態(tài)度共同參加活動(dòng)。attend一般用于指參加會(huì)議，出席典禮或招待會(huì)等，也可以指上學(xué)、聽課、聽演講或講座等。join常用作及物動(dòng)詞；通常指參加某組織或團(tuán)體。takepartin指參加群眾性的活動(dòng)，側(cè)重說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)參加該項(xiàng)活動(dòng)并在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。joinin參加正在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)，其賓語(yǔ)一般是競(jìng)賽、娛樂、談話、討論、聚會(huì)、游戲等名詞。13.privilegen.特權(quán)；特別待遇vt.給予??特權(quán)enjoyprivileges享受特權(quán)theprivilegeofdoingsth./todosth.有幸做某事privilegesb.from...給某人特權(quán)使某人免于??Ihopetohavetheprivilegeofworkingwiththemagain.但愿有幸和他們?cè)俣群献?。privilegedadj.有特權(quán)的；特許的；幸運(yùn)的beprivilegedtodosth.榮幸地去做某事Weareprivilegedtoweleyouasourspeakerthisevening.我們榮幸地歡迎你今晚來(lái)給我們做演講。14.donatev.捐贈(zèng)，贈(zèng)送donatesth.tosb.向某人捐贈(zèng)某物Shedonatedalargesumofmoneytothecharity.她捐了一大筆錢給那個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。donationn.捐贈(zèng)；捐贈(zèng)物；捐款make/give/presentadonationtosb.捐贈(zèng)給某人sendadonationto把捐款寄至??promiseadonation應(yīng)允捐贈(zèng)15.purchasevt.&n．買；購(gòu)買；(以某種代價(jià))換得；(經(jīng)過(guò)努力)取得，贏得(常與with連用)madeapurchase買件東西purchaseandsale買賣Thenewcouplespentsomemoneyonthepurchaseofthefurniturenecessaryfortheirnewhouse.這對(duì)新婚夫婦花費(fèi)了一些錢購(gòu)買新房子里必備的家具。Thefarmwassoldattenyears'purchase.這農(nóng)場(chǎng)以相當(dāng)于十年土地收入的價(jià)錢售出。

16.distributevt.分配；分發(fā)distributesth.to...把某物分配/分發(fā)給??distributesth.among...在??分發(fā)某物Beforetheopeningceremonyofthesupermarket,someworkersaresenttodistributehandbillsonthestreet.超市開業(yè)前，一些工作人員被派去街上散發(fā)傳單。distributionn．分配；分發(fā)；分布狀態(tài) 二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)需精通1.ringup給??打Onarrivingattheairport,heranguphismothertosayeverythingwasOK.一到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)，他就打給母親報(bào)平安。ringback回ringoff掛斷；停止講話ringabell喚醒(經(jīng)常是模糊的記憶)ringupthecurtain開始(一場(chǎng)演出，一個(gè)事件或一次行動(dòng))2.turnaround轉(zhuǎn)向；回轉(zhuǎn)Ashewalkedtowardsthehotel,hesuddenlyturnedaroundandfoundanoldladyfollowinghim.當(dāng)他朝旅館走去時(shí)，突然轉(zhuǎn)身發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)老婦人跟著他。turnaway把(臉)轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)去turnagainst背叛；反抗turnon/off打開/關(guān)掉turnup出現(xiàn)；調(diào)大(音量)turndown拒絕；調(diào)小(音量)turnout結(jié)果是；證明是3.leave...alone不管；別惹；讓??一個(gè)人待著；和??單獨(dú)在一起Leavehimaloneandhewillproduce.別打擾他，他會(huì)寫出來(lái)的。Youshouldn'thaveleftAndyaloneinthemountains,itwasverydangerous.你不該將安迪一個(gè)人留在山上，那樣太危險(xiǎn)。leavebehind留下，遺留leaveaside(把某事)擱置一邊leavefor出發(fā)前往leaveout省去；遺漏；不考慮注意leave的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：leavesb.doingsth.讓某人一直做某事leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋adj.使??處于某種狀態(tài)leavesb.todosth.留下某人做某事leavesth.tobedone留下某事要被做leave＋賓語(yǔ)＋名詞使??成為??4.help(...)out幫助(某人)擺脫困境或危難Canyouhelpmeoutwiththemathsproblem?你能幫我解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎？helpsb.withsth.幫助某人某事withthehelpof在??的幫助下；借助helponeselfto請(qǐng)隨便自己動(dòng)手(夾菜吃、用??等)can'thelpdoingsth.禁不住，忍不住can'thelpbutdosth.只能；不得不5.bringin帶來(lái)；獲利，賺；求援；求助；引進(jìn)Bringthosesuspectsin.把嫌疑犯?jìng)儙нM(jìn)來(lái)。Theseboysbringin￡60aweek.這些男孩子每周賺六十英鎊。bringaboutchanges引起變化bringback歸還bringdown使倒下；降低；減少bringout使顯現(xiàn)；出版bringup教育；撫養(yǎng)；嘔吐 三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用Itwasatimewhenthekillerwhales,or“killers”astheywerethencalled,helpedthewhalerscatchthebaleenwhalesthatwereontheirannualmigration.那個(gè)時(shí)期，虎鯨(當(dāng)時(shí)被稱為?°殺手?±)幫助捕鯨人在每年須鯨遷徙時(shí)捕捉須鯨。Itwas/isatimewhen...曾經(jīng)一度(那時(shí))Itwasatimewhenshecouldnotbearthepainandwantedtokillherself.她曾經(jīng)一度無(wú)法忍受病痛，想結(jié)束自己的生命。【例1】(1)完成句子 ?é¨′我希望他立即回信。Idesireanimmediateanswerofhis.?é¨2他們要我快點(diǎn)回來(lái)。Theydesireme__to__return__soon.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換他要求你馬上去見他。Hedesiresyou__to__go__toseehimatonce.＝Hedesiresthatyoushould__go__to__seehimatonce.【例2】用favor的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空?é¨′Weareall__in__favor__of__(贊同)thisplan.?é¨2Theexchangerateis__in__our__favor__(對(duì)我們有利)atthemoment.?é?Couldyou__do__me__a__favor__(幫我個(gè)忙)andpickupSamfromschool?【例3】完成句子?é¨′Ifyoureadfasteveryday，you__are__bound__to__(一定)improveyourEnglishlevel.?é¨2He__is__bound__up__in__(熱衷于)collectingantiquesthesedays.【例4】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空?é¨′你能陪我去?°水立方?±嗎？Canyouacpanyme__to__theWaterCube？【例5】完成句子?é¨′她出于忌妒這樣說(shuō)了你。Shesaidsoaboutyou__out__of__envy__.?é¨2湯姆妒忌他哥哥事業(yè)上的成功。Tomwas__envious__of__hisbrother'ssuccessinbusiness.?é?他十分羨慕我的成功。Hewasfilledwith__envy__of__meatmysuccess.【例6】完成句子?é¨′She__witnessed__the__accident__(目睹了那次事故)yesterdayafternoon.?é¨2Manydriversare__witnesses__(目擊者)totheWenzhouTrainDisaster.?é?Theoldman__gave__witness__(作證)onbehalfofanaccusedperson.【例7】(1)使用urge的恰當(dāng)形式填空?é¨′一旦發(fā)生緊急情況，打給警察。Incaseof__urgency,__callthepolice.?é¨2他們堅(jiān)持他們所提出的要求。Theywere__urgent__intheirdemands.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換他們慫恿我吃那種奇怪的食物。Theyurgedme__to__eat__thestrangefood.＝TheyurgedI__(should)__go__toeatthestrangefood.【例8】用abandon的適當(dāng)形式完成句子?é¨′由于缺少資金，那個(gè)項(xiàng)目不得不被放棄。Theprojecthadto__be__abandoned__forlackoffunds.?é¨2他沒有生還的可能，因此人們放棄了搜尋。Therewasnochanceofhimbeingfoundaliveandthesearch__was__abandoned__.【例9】完成句子?é¨′Whenyouwriteyourgoalsinaparticularway,youcanmakeyourselfcontinuouslyaware__of__situationsthatwillbringyounearertoyourgoal.?é¨2Theprincipaldidn'tseemtobeaware__that__thereshouldhavebeensomuchdisputeaboutthedecision.?é?Healthofficialsthroughouttheworldhavetriedtomakepeopleraise__awareness__aboutAIDS.?é¨1Mikeseems__unaware__ofthetroublehe'scausing,otherwisehewouldstopit.【例10】完成句子?é¨′19點(diǎn)以后年輕的女孩們不敢留在外面了，因?yàn)樗齻兒ε卤粨尳?。Manyyounggirlswerescared__to__stayoutsideafter19o'clockbecausetheywerescared__of__beingrobbedinthecity.?é¨2他們?cè)O(shè)法把熊嚇跑了。Theymanagedtoscarethebears__away__.?é?想到樓里只有我一個(gè)人，怪害怕的。Itscaredme__to__think__Iwasaloneinthebuilding.【例11】用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空①Hesoon__adjusted__(adjust)himselftothewayoflifeandhaslivedhappilyeversince.?é¨2Quiteafewnewsoldierscouldnotadjust__themselves__(them)toarmylifeandfellill.?é?Youcan'tseethingsclearlythroughatelescopeunlessitis__adjusted__(adjust)correctlytoyoursight.【例12】用方框內(nèi)所給單詞或短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空join，joinin，takepartin，attend，participatein?é¨′Theyall__participated__in__theplot.?é¨2Attheageofeighteen,he__joined__theparty.?é?Thechildren__joined__in__theEnglishEveningandhadagoodtime.?é¨1Hedidn't__attend__schoolyesterdaybecauseofhisillness.?éYZhouEnlai__took__part__in__thestudentmovementsactivelywhenhewasatschool.【例13】用privilege的適當(dāng)形式完成句子?é¨′他任何時(shí)候都有可以來(lái)的特權(quán)。He__was__privileged__toeatanytime.?é¨2能和她經(jīng)常性地合作，我感到幸運(yùn)。I__am__privileged__tohaveworkedwithhersooften.?é?她出身于特權(quán)階層。Shecamefroma__privileged__background.?é¨1這項(xiàng)消息無(wú)須公開。Thisinformation__is__privileged__.【例14】完成句子?é¨′He__donated__(捐贈(zèng))amilliontotheschool.?é¨2Therestofthemoneywegetis__from__donations__(來(lái)自捐贈(zèng))．?é?這輛貨車是當(dāng)?shù)匾患夜揪栀?zèng)給我們的。Thevan__was__donated__tousbyalocalfirm.【例15】句型轉(zhuǎn)換?é¨′這是我前幾天買來(lái)的一件東西。Itisarecent__purchase__ofmine.＝ItiswhatI__purchased__theotherday.?é¨2你不努力什么也不能得到。Youcan'tgetany__purchase__withoutefforts.＝Y(jié)oucan't__purchase__anythingifyoudon'tmakeanyeffort.【例16】用distribute的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子①這份報(bào)紙是免費(fèi)散發(fā)的。Thenewspaper__is__distributed__free__．?é¨2那位老師把書發(fā)給了學(xué)生。Theteacher__distributed__thebooks__to/among__thestudents.【例1】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或者副詞填空?é¨′今早他剛起床就有人給他打了。Themomenthegotupthismorning,someoneranghim__up__.?é¨2見老板進(jìn)來(lái)他趕緊掛斷假裝在工作。Seeinghisbossing,hehurriedtoring__off__andpretendedtobeworking.【例2】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或者副詞填空?é¨′Lily無(wú)法想象要是她丈夫背叛她會(huì)怎樣。Lilycan'timaginewhatifherhusbandturns__against__her.?é¨2雖然貧窮，女孩仍毅然拒絕了別人的幫助。Thoughpoor,thegirlturned__down__others'helpfirmly.?é?他聽到一個(gè)聲音，但轉(zhuǎn)身卻沒發(fā)現(xiàn)有人。Heheardavoicebutwhenheturned__around,__hesawnobody.【例3】(1)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或者副詞填空?é¨′老板攜款潛逃了，只留下一間空廠房。Thebossescapedwithallhisfortuneandleftanemptyfactory__behind__.?é¨2他被要求24小時(shí)內(nèi)離開到另一個(gè)城市去。Hewasaskedtoleave__for__anothercityin24hours.?é?老師讓我們將論文中一些不必要的詞省去。Theteacherrequiredustoleave__out__someunnecessarywordsinouressays.?é¨1哎呀不好！我把文書工作忘在辦公室了。Oh,no！I'veleftthepaperwork__in__myoffice.(2)完成句子他父母在事故中去世，留下他成了一個(gè)孤兒。Hisparentsdiedintheaccident,__leaving__himanorphan.【例4】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空?é¨′在老師和同學(xué)們的幫助下，小明終于擺脫了愛玩電子游戲的習(xí)慣。__With__thehelpoftheteacherandhisclassmates,XiaoMingmanagedtohelphimself__out__of__hisproblemwithputergames.?é¨2請(qǐng)隨便吃點(diǎn)魚。Pleasehelpyourself__to__somefish.【例5】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空?é¨′去年副業(yè)使這家農(nóng)戶增加了多少收入？Howmuchdidthesidelinebringthefarmerfamily__in__lastyear??é¨2他們開始使用英語(yǔ)，但他們同時(shí)也從自己的語(yǔ)言中吸收一些詞匯。TheybegantouseEnglish,buttheyalsobrought__in__somewordsfromtheirownlanguages.【例】完成句子①曾經(jīng)沒人能理解我的計(jì)劃和雄心。Itwasatime__when__noonecouldunderstandmyplanandambition.?é¨2現(xiàn)在這一社區(qū)的人們相互幫助，和諧相處。Itisatime__when__peopleinthemunitywouldliketohelpeachotherandliveharmoniously.一、單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Pleaseseethe__acpanying__(acpany)bookletsformoreinstructions.2.Youexamineapatientandthenyoudecidewhetherornot__to__operate__(operate).3.Tomy__satisfaction__(satisfy),mybrotherpassedtheexamination.4.Popular__sympathies__(sympathy)areonherside.5.Thegovernmentwillprovidetemporary__acmodation__(acmodate)foruptothreethousandpeople.6.__Conservation__(conserve)programscannotfunctionwithoutlocalsupport.7.Thisbookisa__reflection__reflectvt.(reflect)oftheprogressinChinesesociety.8.Inhersparetimeshedoes__voluntary__(volunteer)work.9.Helovesthe__security__(secure)ofahappyhomelife.10.Intheexams,makesurethateverythingyouwriteis__relevant__(relevance)tothequestionsyouhavebeenasked.二、用短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空dryout，reachfor，upsidedown，bedyingto，throw...outof，infavourof，stick...outof，set...aside，testout，inneed1.Watertheplantsregularly,neverletthesoil__dry__out__．2.Don't__stick__yourarm__out__of__thecarwindow.3.Thenaughtychildisalwaysturningeverythingintheroomupside__down．4.Themansuddenly__threw__himself__out__of__thewaterandsaid，“I'mhere”．5.He__set__alloffers__aside,__whichmadeothersangry.6.Lawswillhavetobemadetoensurethatcloningresearchesdevelopfurther__in__favour__of__mankind.7.Thismodel__had__been__tested__out__beforeitwasputintoproduction.8.He__reached__for__hisgunwhenheheardtheenemy'ssound.9.Allofthem__are__dying__to__seethemovie.10.Rememberthatwhenbothofyouwere__in__need,__Iwastheonewholoanedyoumoney.insatisfaction滿意地toone'ssatisfaction對(duì)??感到滿意besatisfiedwith對(duì)??感到滿意besatisfiedtodo對(duì)做??感到滿意Hesmiledinsatisfactionwhenhewontherace.他贏得賽跑后滿意地笑了。expresssympathyfor(對(duì)??表示)慰問(wèn)feel/havesympathyfor同情outofsympathywith對(duì)??不同情反映(某事物的性質(zhì))；表現(xiàn)；反射reflectionn.反映(某事物的性質(zhì))；表現(xiàn)；反射reflecton仔細(xì)考慮berelevantto＝havesth.todowith＝haverelevanceto與??有關(guān)havenorelevanceto＝havenothingtodowith與??無(wú)關(guān)dryout(使)變干，干透dryup(河流，湖泊等)干枯，(使)完全變干stickout(ofsth.)＝sticksth.outof伸出；突出upsidedown上下翻轉(zhuǎn)insideout里面朝外，翻面的throwoneselfoutof躍出throwoneselfat沖向throwaway扔掉throwup嘔吐throwoneselfinto投身于；積極從事throwsb.intoprison把某人送入監(jiān)獄setaside將??放到一邊；節(jié)省或保留(錢或時(shí)間)；暫時(shí)不考慮setdown記下，寫下setoff動(dòng)身；爆炸setout出發(fā)；開始做??setup創(chuàng)立，建立；豎起testout考驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)testonsb./sth.在??(身上)做實(shí)驗(yàn)/試驗(yàn)have/takeatestin參加??考試reachfor伸手碰到/去拿/夠到??reachto達(dá)到；觸到within/outof/beyondone'sreach在某人伸手可及/夠不到的距離表示“渴望”的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：bethirstyforsth.beeagertodosth.desiretodosth.＝haveastrongdesireforsth.longtodosth./forsth.starveforsth.haveanurgetodosth.bekeentodosth./bekeenondoingsth.第一部分基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)選修七～選修八1.了解中國(guó)學(xué)生在出國(guó)旅游和留學(xué)時(shí)遇到的文化沖突，樹立挑戰(zhàn)新生活的信心，感受外國(guó)文化及人文氣息。2.了解美國(guó)的多元文化特征，培養(yǎng)跨文化交際意識(shí)；通過(guò)對(duì)加州移民的深入了解認(rèn)識(shí)到?°美國(guó)是民族的熔爐?±。3.了解克隆技術(shù)的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)，學(xué)會(huì)表達(dá)和支持個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)。一、重點(diǎn)單詞需牢記1.remendvt.推薦；建議remendsb.＝remend...tosb.向某人推薦，介紹remendsb.for推薦某人做??remendsb.as推薦某人為??remendsth.for推薦某物做某種用途remenddoing建議做??remendsb.todosth.建議某人做某事remendthat...建議……Theteacherremendedustoreadthenovel.＝Theteacherremendedthatwe(should)readthenovel.老師建議我們讀一下這本小說(shuō)。remend，suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，mand等詞所在的名詞性從句，以及它們的過(guò)去分詞所在的?°Itis/was＋過(guò)去分詞＋主語(yǔ)從句?±等結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用shoulddo形式，should可省略。2.fortn.舒適；安慰vt.安慰fort...with以??安慰；以??使舒適fortsb.forsth.因某事安慰某人givefortto(sb.)安慰(某人)take/have/findfort(in...)(從??中)得到安慰Youareagreatforttoyourparents.你是你父母最大的安慰。fortableadj.安樂的；合適的；令人感到安慰的；愜意的befortableabout/withsth.對(duì)某事感到輕松/愜意3.substituten.代替者；代用品vt.用??代替??asubstituteforsth.某物的代替者(代用品)substituteAforB＝substituteBwith/byA用A代替Bsubstitutefor代替Weusehoneyasasubstituteforsugar.Weremendthisbrandasagood__substitute__．?é?史密斯先生代替了那位生病的老師。Mr.Smith__substituted__for__theteacherwhowassick.我們用蜂蜜作糖的替代品。Wemustsubstituteanewchairforthebrokenone.我們的這把破椅子得換新的了。substitutionn.代替；替換4.acknowledgevt.承認(rèn)；確認(rèn)；答謝acknowledgesth.承認(rèn)某事acknowledgedoingsth.承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgethat...承認(rèn)??acknowledgesth./sb.tobe/as承認(rèn)某事/某人是??acknowledgehelp對(duì)幫助表示感謝It'sgenerallyacknowledgedthat...??是大家公認(rèn)的McCainacknowledgedhavingbeendefeatedintheUSpresidentialelection.麥凱恩承認(rèn)在美國(guó)總統(tǒng)大選中失敗了。Heiswidelyacknowledgedasthebestsingerintheworld.普遍認(rèn)為他是世界上的最佳歌手。Heacknowledgedthathehaddonewrong.他承認(rèn)他做過(guò)錯(cuò)事。acknowledgementn.承認(rèn)；感謝inacknowledgementof以感謝??5.contradictvt.反駁；反斥；否認(rèn)；與??矛盾contradictoneself自相矛盾contradictsth.同??矛盾，同??抵觸Youractionscontradictyourdeclaredmoralprinciples.你的行為違背了你宣稱的道德準(zhǔn)則。I'msorrytocontradictwithyou,butIdidn'tsaythat.很抱歉與你的意見相左，但我沒有說(shuō)過(guò)那樣的話。contradictionn.矛盾；反駁contradictoryadj.相矛盾的incontradictionwith與??矛盾著，與??相抵觸6.occupyvt.占用；占領(lǐng)；占據(jù)beoccupiedwith忙著做??；忙于某事物keepsb.occupied使某人忙碌occupyoneselfwith/in(doing)sth.忙于(做)某事beoccupiedin(doing)/withsth.忙于(做)某事；正在做某事Theworkersareoccupiedinbuildingnewhouses.建筑工人們正忙于建造新房子。Sheisoccupiedinwritinganovel.她忙于寫小說(shuō)。occupationn.職業(yè)Pleasefillintheformstatingyouroccupation.請(qǐng)?jiān)诒砀裰刑钊肽愕穆殬I(yè)。7.meansn.手段；方法Allmeanshavebeentried.＝Everymeanshasbeentried.所有的方法都已嘗試過(guò)了。means作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要根據(jù)句子的具體含義而定。bymeansof...用??辦法；借助??byallmeans一定，務(wù)必；好的，當(dāng)然可以bynomeans決不，一點(diǎn)也不(位于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝)byeverymeans用盡一切可能的辦法way，method，means和mannerway是普通用詞，可指一般的方法，也指?jìng)€(gè)人的方法或方式或者是特殊的方式或方法。method是指有系統(tǒng)、有條理地辦事或解決問(wèn)題的方法。means單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同，是指為了達(dá)到某種目的或目標(biāo)而采用的方法、手段或途徑。manner通常用來(lái)指行動(dòng)的特殊方式或獨(dú)特的方法。8.majorityn.大多數(shù)；大半thegreat/vastmajority絕大多數(shù)，幾乎全部bein(the)majority構(gòu)成多數(shù)；占多數(shù)themajorityof＋n.大多數(shù)的??Themajorityis/areinfavourofbanningsmoking.大多數(shù)人支持禁煙。Themajorityofthestudentsarefromthecountryside.大部分學(xué)生來(lái)自農(nóng)村。themajority作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)，也可用復(fù)數(shù)；themajorityof作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若后跟可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，則表示?°??中的大部分?±，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。majorityn．(多數(shù))?úmajoradj.(數(shù)量)較大的minorityn．(少數(shù))?úminoradj.(數(shù)量)較少的9.occurvi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)occurto(主意或想法突然)浮現(xiàn)于腦中；被想起，被想到itoccurstosb.todosth.使某人想到做某事itoccurstosb.that...某人想到??ItoccurredtomethatIhadseenhersomewherebefore.我想到以前在什么地方見過(guò)她。10.differvi.不同；相異AdiffersfromBin...A與B在??方面不同AdifferswithBabout/on/over...A與B就??意見相左Ourinterestinsportsdiffersfromeachother.我們對(duì)體育的愛好彼此不同。?é?Thisisadifferentcar__from__theoneIdroveyesterday.(2)用differ的適當(dāng)形式填空Itdoesn'tmakea__difference__tomewhetheryouaregoingtostay.tellthedifferencebetweenAandB辨別A和B的異同makeadifference有所差異makenodifference沒有差別AbedifferentfromBinsth.A與B在??方面不同??11.castvt.(cast,cast)扔；投；擲castdown沮喪；不愉快castaside把??丟在一旁；拋棄；消除castaway放棄；(船難時(shí))丟下人castoff拋棄；脫掉；解纜起航Anybodywouldbecastdownatsuchbadnews.這樣的壞消息誰(shuí)聽了都會(huì)感到沮喪。Ifyouwerecastawayonadesertisland，whatwouldyoumissmost?如果你因沉船而被丟在荒島上，你最想念什么？castdown通常用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。12.objectvi.反對(duì)；不贊成vt.提出??作為反對(duì)的理由n．目標(biāo)；物體；賓語(yǔ)objecttosb./sth.不贊成某人/某事objecttodoingsth.反對(duì)做某事Nooneobjectedtotheplan.沒有人反對(duì)這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃。objectionn.不贊成；反對(duì)；異議objectiveadj.客觀的haveanobjectionto...反對(duì)??raise/voiceanobjection提出異議13.strikevi.&vt.(struck,struck)打；撞擊；罷工n.罷工Neverstrikeyourwifeevenwithaflower.決不要打你的妻子，哪怕是拿鮮花。Wewerestruckwiththunderbythenewsofwar.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的消息使我們大吃一驚。strikeat向??打擊bestruckbythebeauty被美景/貌所迷住bestruckwith(by)為??所襲擊/觸動(dòng)/感動(dòng)go/eonstrike實(shí)行罷工strike...intoone'sheart使??刻骨銘心strikern．罷工的人strikingadj.引人注意的14.vainadj.虛榮的；自負(fù)的；徒勞的invain白費(fèi)力氣；枉費(fèi)心機(jī)Hetriedtosavehissonfromdrowning，butinvain.他試圖救他兒子免于溺死，但是徒然。invain用于句首時(shí)句子要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。15.resistvt.抵抗；對(duì)抗；忍住resistsb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物resistdoingsth.抵制干某事can't/couldn'tresistdoingsth.禁不住干某事behard/impossibletoresist難以拒絕Shecouldn'tresistlaughingwhenshesawthatyoungman.當(dāng)她看到那個(gè)年輕人的時(shí)候，她忍不住笑了起來(lái)。resistantadj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的resistancen．抗拒；反對(duì)；抵抗力beresistantto對(duì)??有抵抗力二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)需精通1.keepitup保持優(yōu)秀成績(jī)；繼續(xù)干下去Welldone,andkeepitup，Tom!干得好，湯姆，再接再厲！keepup堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)keepone'shead/temper保持冷靜/強(qiáng)壓怒火keepaschool/family/diary開辦學(xué)校/養(yǎng)家糊口/寫日記keepone'sword/keepone'spromise履行諾言keepthelaw守法keepintouchwith與??保持聯(lián)系keepaneyeon...照看；密切注視keepupwith跟上；保持同步水平不落后keepawayfrom(常與from連用)遠(yuǎn)離；不接觸keeptosth.信守；堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)守；不違背(諾言、計(jì)劃等)keep...from(doing)sth.避開；禁止；克制2.liveon繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存Shelivedonformanyyearsafterherhusbanddied.丈夫死后她繼續(xù)活了許多年。liveonsth.以某物為食；靠某種經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)源生活livebydoingsth.靠做某事為生liveforsth.以某事物為生活目標(biāo)livethroughsth.經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存liveuptosth.依照某事物行事；表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)livewithsth.接受或容忍某現(xiàn)象livetobe...＝livetotheageof...活到??歲livea．..life過(guò)著??的生活3.takein包括；吸收；接納；欺騙Thestudentsfinditeasytotakeinwhatyouteach.學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)你的課很好懂。Ourpartybranchtookinanewmemberyesterday.我們黨支部昨天吸收了一名新黨員。Thesalesmanfindsiteasytotakeinoldladies.這個(gè)推銷員發(fā)現(xiàn)老太太容易上當(dāng)受騙。takeapart拆開；剖析，抨擊(論點(diǎn)等) takedown拿下，取下；拆卸；記下takeback取回，帶回；收回說(shuō)過(guò)的話；使??回憶起昔日takeup開始從事；占用(時(shí)間或空間)；著手處理takeiteasy別緊張，慢慢來(lái)takeover繼承，接收，接管takeoff脫下(衣服等)；起飛takeon承擔(dān)，從事；呈現(xiàn)takeone'splace就座4.payoff得到好結(jié)果；取得成功；償清Atlast,hishardworkpaidoff.最后，他的努力得到了回報(bào)。Ittookhimfouryearstopayoffthatjudgment.他花了四年時(shí)間才付清被判罰的債務(wù)。payfor付??的錢；為??而付出代價(jià)paybacksth.(paysb.backsth.)償還paysb.(...)forsth.因某事而付某人??paysb.(...)todosth.付某人(??)去做某事5.fromtimetotime不時(shí)；偶爾Fromtimetotimeahelicopterflewby.空中不時(shí)地有直升機(jī)飛過(guò)。atonetime從前(某個(gè)時(shí)候)；曾經(jīng)；一度atatime每次；一次forthetimebeing暫時(shí)innotime很快；立刻atnotime在任何時(shí)候都不；決不intime及時(shí)；遲早；過(guò)了一段時(shí)間killtime消磨時(shí)間6.bringbacktolife使復(fù)生；使復(fù)活I(lǐng)tisimpossibletobringadeadpersonbacktolife.讓一個(gè)人死而復(fù)生是不可能的。bringsb./sth.tolife使更有趣/生動(dòng)；給??以活力；使蘇醒etolife變得活躍；變得有趣；蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)etooneself(昏迷后)蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；醒悟過(guò)來(lái)Agreatactorcanbringacharactertolife.一個(gè)偉大的演員能讓角色生動(dòng)起來(lái)。三、重點(diǎn)句式能熟用1.Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.人們認(rèn)為，要不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)非常之大，以至于不可能存在一種主要的種族或文化群體，而只是多民族、多文化的混合體。Itisbelievedthat...人們相信??；人們認(rèn)為??Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道Itisknownthat...眾所周知2.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.實(shí)際上，這些都是自然克隆現(xiàn)象。that在引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)候沒有實(shí)義，但是不能省略。但是其他的連接詞有詞義變化。Theworkers'demandisthattheirwages(should)beincreasedby15%.工人們的要求是增加百分之十五的工資。Thequestioniswhyhecriedyesterday.問(wèn)題是他為什么哭了。3.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbeeseriouslyill.接著傳來(lái)了多莉病重的壞消息。同位語(yǔ)從句一般是緊跟在與其同位的詞后面的。但是，由于表達(dá)不同意義的需要，同位語(yǔ)從句可以被句子其他成分隔開，這種從句就叫作?°分隔同位語(yǔ)從句?±。Wehavenoideaatallthathehasgone.我們一點(diǎn)兒都不知道他已經(jīng)走了。 【例1】用remend的適當(dāng)形式填空?é¨′Thepillsare__remended__for__acold.?é¨2Wouldyou__remend__agoodbook__to__me?＝Wouldyou__remend__me__a__good__book__??é?Canyou__remend__Mrs.Hill__as__agoodtypist??é¨1I__remend__going__(go)bysubway.?éYThedoctorremendsme__to__have__(have)arest.＝ThedoctorremendsthatI__should__have__arest.【例2】用fort的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)填空?é¨′任何人都能享受我心愛的椅子所給予的背部舒服。Anyonecanenjoy__forting__theirbacks__with__myfavoritechair.?é¨2親人們前來(lái)安慰失去父母的那個(gè)小孩。Thefolkscameto__fort__thechild__for__thelossofhisparents.＝Thefolks__give__a__fort__to__thechildforthelossofhisparents.【例3】完成句子?é¨′我把名單上我的名字換成了你的。I__substituted__yourname__for__mineonthelist.?é¨2我們推薦的商標(biāo)完全可以替代原來(lái)的?！纠?】(1)同義句轉(zhuǎn)換?é¨′Theyacknowledgedhavingbeendefeated.＝Theyacknowledgedthat__they__had__been__defeated__.?é¨2Mostpeopleacknowledgedthathewasinnocent.＝__It__was__generally__acknowledged__thathewasinnocent.(2)完成句子?é¨′Doyou__acknowledge__your__fault__(承認(rèn)是你的過(guò)失)??é¨2She__is__acknowledged__as__(被公認(rèn)為)thebesttennisplayerintheworld.【例5】完成句子①他所說(shuō)的話與事實(shí)相矛盾。Hisstatement__contradicts__with__thefacts.?é¨2那些事實(shí)與他的理論相悖。Thefacts__contradict__histheory.?é?在政治辯論中，平等和自由經(jīng)常被認(rèn)為是互相矛盾的。Inpoliticaldebates,equalityandlibertyareoftenconsideredtobe__in__contradiction__with__eachother.【例6】使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空?é¨′這個(gè)座位有人占嗎？Isanyone__occupying__the__seat__?＝Isthisseat__occupied__??é¨2這種游戲會(huì)讓孩子們玩上一陣子的。Thisgamewill__keep__thechildren__occupied__．?é?他在教育部擔(dān)任要職。He__occupies__animportantpositionintheMinistryofEducation.?é¨1教師不僅要專心于教書還要育人。Ateachershouldbe__occupied__with__educationaswellas__with__teaching.【例7】(1)用means，way，method填空?é¨′Thesevegetablescanbecookedindifferentways．?é¨2Onlyinthis__way__canyoufindoutthetruth.?é?Bythis__means__Igetintouchwithhim.④Weexpressourthoughtsby__means__ofwords.?éYHaveyoutriedthenewmethod?(2)完成句子?é¨′我絕不會(huì)借給他錢！__By__no__means__shallIlendhimmoney!?é¨2他借助一根繩子慢慢地下來(lái)了。Helethimselfdownslowly__by__means__of__arope.【例8】(1)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空?é¨′Amongthemembersofthemitteethosewhofavortheproposedchangesare__in__themajority.?é¨2Theyhadalargemajority__over__theotherpartyatthelastelection.(2)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式或根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填空?é¨′Englishspeakersformthe__majority__(大多數(shù))ofthepopulation.?é¨2Themajorityofpeople__prefer/prefers__(prefer)peacetowar.?é?Themajorityofthedamage__is__(be)easytorepair.【例9】完成句子?é¨′Thepossibilitythatshemightbewrongnevereven__occurred__to__her.?é¨2Agoodidea__occurred__to__him.?é?__It__had__never__occurred__to__him__that__(他從沒想到)hemightbefallinginlovewithher.【例10】(1)使用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空?é¨′Thetwosquaresdiffer__in__colorbutnot__in__size.?é¨2Thehusbanddiffers__with__thewife__on/about/over__whoistotakechargeofthemoney.【例11】完成句子?é¨′我們因船只失事而漂流到了一個(gè)孤島上，沒有食物也沒有水。Wewere__cast__away__onanislandwithoutfoodorwater.?é¨2Don'tbeso__cast__down__(沮喪).Ibelieveyouwillpayoffsoonerorlater.?é?你確實(shí)應(yīng)該拋棄這些壞習(xí)慣。Youreallymust__cast__off__allthesebadhabits.【例12】用object的適當(dāng)形式填空?é¨′Somepeople__objected__thatthenewtaxlawwasunfair.?é¨2Various__objects__wereonthetable.?é?Nobodyraisedany__objection__tomydoingitrightnow.?é¨1Ajudgemustgivean__objective__opinion.【例13】完成句子?é¨′我想把一顆釘子敲進(jìn)墻里。Iwanttostrikeanail__into__thewall.?é¨2他被西湖的美麗迷住了。He__was__struck__by__thebeautyoftheWestLake.?é?我突然想起個(gè)好主意。Agoodidea__struck__me.?é¨1他們正在為反對(duì)那場(chǎng)不正義的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)而罷工。They__are__striking__againsttheunjustwar.【例14】完成句子?é¨′他們所有的嘗試都是徒勞。Alltheirattemptswere__in__vain__．?é¨2他怎么背都沒辦法把那首詩(shī)背出來(lái)。Hetried__in__vain__tomemorizethepoem.?úInvain__did__he__trytomemorizethepoem.【例15】用resist的相關(guān)短語(yǔ)完成句子?é¨′Idon'tknowhowto__resist__my__anger__(抑制我的憤怒)．?é¨2Iwasunableto__resist__crying__(忍不住哭了)．?é?Thecropsarebetter__at__resisting__diseases__(抗病方面更好).【例1】完成句子?é¨′Thepoliceaskedthepeopleto__keep__away__from/keep__off__