黃金卷06 (贏在高考 黃金8卷)備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）（解析版）

【贏在高考·黃金8卷】備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語模擬卷（北京專用）（解析版）黃金卷06第一部分知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iwasreadytopayformybananasatthegroceryonenight,whenfearseizedme.Mywalletwasgone.IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,whichwasnowspeedinginthedarktosome____1____station.The____2____momentwasquicklyfollowedbymentalmath.Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.Twohourslater,backatmyhouse,Iheardaknockonthedoor.Myhusband____3____itwhileIwasonthephoneinthediningroom.“DoesJenniferlivehere?”Iheardaladysay.Inmyhusband’shandwasmywallet,withnotapennymissing.SheleftbeforeIcould____4____makeittothedoortooffermythanks.Aftersharingthestoryonline,Iheardfromsomeone,whoidentifiedtheladyasErinSmith.Without____5____,Icalledtothankher.Shesaidshe____6____mywalletonabusseat.Shecalculatedthatgoingtoastranger’shousewasa____7____move,butshedecidedtotakethechance.“IfIwereinthatsituation,Iwouldwantsomeonetotrytofindme.”shesaid.Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmall____8____butsheactuallywasn’ttheonlyone.RightafterErintookpossessionofmywalletonthebus,shepostedapictureofmydriver’slicensetoanonlineforum(論壇),tryingtoseeifanyoneknewme.NosoonerdidsheleavemydoorstepthanIhademailsfromtwowomenwhosekidsgotomyson’snurseryandwhorecognizedmyface.I’veneverexchangedwordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp.Ireadthatpeoplearemoredividedthanever,butthat’snothowthepeopleI____9____tendtoact.Lookingback,Ifeelblessedsomeonehadwantedtohelpastranger.Erinhadgonebeyondwhatalmostanyonewouldhavedone,findingmyhouseonabitterlycoldnight,andforthatIwasextremely____10____.1．A．a(chǎn)ccessible B．unknown C．familiar D．convenient2．A．face-saving B．brain-washing C．heart-stopping D．eye-catching3．A．ignored B．interrupted C．examined D．a(chǎn)nswered4．A．still B．ever C．yet D．even5．A．delay B．question C．regret D．invitation6．A．threw B．placed C．opened D．spotted7．A．selfless B．risky C．delightful D．personal8．A．crisis B．danger C．encounter D．failure9．A．encounter B．follow C．consult D．a(chǎn)ccompany10．A．longing B．grateful C．concerned D．enthusiastic【答案】1．B

2．C

3．D

4．D

5．A

6．D

7．B

8．A

9．A

10．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是篇記敘文。作者在乘坐公交車時(shí)不小心丟失了錢包，沒想到一位女士親自上門將撿到的錢包還給了他；與此同時(shí)，其他認(rèn)識但不熟悉的朋友在得知這個(gè)事情后也試圖幫助他，作者不禁有著深深的感激之情。1．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我只可能把它落在G9公共汽車上了，車子正在黑暗中加速駛向某個(gè)未知的車站。A.accessible可到達(dá)的、可進(jìn)入的；B.unknown未知的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.convenient方便的。根據(jù)本句句意可知，作者把錢包落在公交車上了，而公交車現(xiàn)在還在行駛中，作者不知道車子下一站會(huì)在哪里停，所以是未知的車站。故選B。2．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)令人心悸的時(shí)刻之后，我心里很快就開始了算計(jì)。A.face-saving保全面子的；B.brain-washing洗腦的；C.heart-stopping令人心悸的；D.eye-catching奪人眼球的。根據(jù)第一段“whenfearseizedme”可知，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)錢包丟了時(shí)是很害怕的，所以這個(gè)時(shí)刻是令人害怕的、令人心悸的。故選C。3．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我在餐廳打電話時(shí)，我丈夫開了門。A.ignored忽視；B.interrupted打斷、打擾；C.examined測驗(yàn)、檢查；D.answered回答；answerthedoor去開門。根據(jù)上一句“Iheardaknockonthedoor”可知有人敲門，而本句的“it”指“door”，所以這里是我丈夫去開門。故選D。4．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我甚至還沒來得及走到門口道謝，她就離開了。A.still仍然；B.ever曾經(jīng)；C.yet還、仍然；D.

even甚至。根據(jù)上一句“withnotapennymissing”可知，錢包里的錢分文未少，而作者還沒來得及道謝她就走了，這里應(yīng)該是一種遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步表現(xiàn)了這位女士做好事不圖名利，用even（甚至）符合語境。故選D。5．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我立刻打電話向她道謝。A.delay延遲；withoutdelay立即、毫不耽擱；B.question問題；withoutquestion毫無疑問；C.regret遺憾、后悔；D.invitation邀請。根據(jù)前文“SheleftbeforeIcouldevenmakeittothedoortooffermythanks.”可看出作者未能道謝，心中是有遺憾的，所以在知道了這位女士是誰后，立即就打電話致謝。故選A。6．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她說她在一輛公交車的椅子上發(fā)現(xiàn)了我的錢包。A.threw扔；B.placed放置；C.opened打開；D.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)前文“IcouldonlyhaveleftitontheG9bus,”可知，作者應(yīng)該是把錢包落在了公交車上，所以這名女士應(yīng)該是在公交車上發(fā)現(xiàn)了錢包后上門來交給了他。故選D。7．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她盤算著去一個(gè)陌生人的家里是一個(gè)冒險(xiǎn)的舉動(dòng)，但她決定冒險(xiǎn)一試。A.selfless無私的；B.risky冒險(xiǎn)的；C.delightful令人愉快的；D.personal個(gè)人的。根據(jù)句中“takethechance”（冒險(xiǎn)）可知，作者認(rèn)為去一個(gè)陌生人的家中是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。故選B。8．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)陌生人對我的小危機(jī)做出了漂亮的回應(yīng)。A.crisis危機(jī)；B.danger危險(xiǎn)；C.encounter偶遇；D.failure失敗。根據(jù)第二段“Howmuchtimeandmoneywoulditcosttoreplacethecontentsofthatlittlewallet?Thecreditcards,thedriver’slicense,thecash,alllosttothebus.”可知，丟了錢包會(huì)對作者造成很多困難，引起許多不便，對她而言是一次小的危機(jī)。故選A。9．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我理解人們比以往任何時(shí)候都更加分裂，但我遇到的人往往不是這樣的。A.encounter偶遇、邂逅；B.follow跟隨；C.consult咨詢、請教；D.accompany陪伴。根據(jù)前文的“Thisonestrangerrespondedbeautifullytomysmallcrisis.”和上一句“I’veneverexchangedwordswiththosemomsbeyondsmalltalk,buttheywantedtohelp”可知，這些愿意幫助別人的人很多都是作者偶然遇到的陌生人或是沒有說過幾句話的朋友，所以這里用encounter符合語境。故選A。10．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Erin做了幾乎任何人都不會(huì)做的事，在一個(gè)寒冷的夜晚找到了我家，為此，我極其感激。A.longing渴望的；B.grateful感激的、感謝的；C.concerned關(guān)心的；D.enthusiastic熱情的。根據(jù)第四段“Icalledtothankher.”并結(jié)合本句句意可知，作者對Erin的善行是非常感激的。故選B。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavinganotherfinger?ResearchersatUniversityCollegeLondonhavedevelopedarobotic3D-printed“thirdthumb”.Thethumbiswornonthesideofthehandoppositetheactualthumb.Volunteerswearingthethirdthumbcouldcarry____11____(many)objectsthanusual,andholdandopenasoftdrinkbottle____12____onehand.Also,humanbrainscanadapttotheuseofanextrathumb____13____(easy).【答案】11．more

12．with

13．easily【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是倫敦大學(xué)學(xué)院的研究人員開發(fā)了3D打印的第三根拇指。11．考查比較級。句意：戴第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平時(shí)拿更多的東西，用一只手拿著并打開一個(gè)飲料瓶。由than可知，空格處用比較級more，故填more。12．考查介詞。句意：戴第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平時(shí)拿更多的東西，用一只手拿著并打開一個(gè)飲料瓶。根據(jù)語境可知，句子表示“戴第三根拇指的志愿者可以比平時(shí)拿更多的東西，用一只手拿著并打開一個(gè)飲料瓶”，空格處意為“用”，用介詞with，故填with。13．考查副詞。句意：此外，人類的大腦可以很容易地適應(yīng)多一個(gè)拇指的使用。空格處用副詞easily修飾動(dòng)詞短語adaptto，故填easily。閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空?！癈hildrenlookatscreensfortoolongeveryday,anddon’texerciseandsleepenough,andit’saffectingtheircognitive(認(rèn)知的)ability”,researchershavesaid____14____anewreport.Researchers____15____(study)howmanychildrenarefollowingrecommendedscreentime,exercise,andsleepguidelines.____16____(publish)onWednesdayinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth,thestudyshowedthatmostU.S.childrenaren’tmeetingtherecommendationsanditcouldbeaffectingtheircognition.【答案】14．in

15．studied

16．Published【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一份最新的研究報(bào)告，報(bào)告表明兒童每天看屏幕的時(shí)間過長，會(huì)影響他們的認(rèn)知能力。14．考查介詞。句意：研究人員在一份新報(bào)告中稱：“孩子們每天看屏幕的時(shí)間過長，缺乏鍛煉和充足睡眠，這影響了他們的認(rèn)知能力。”結(jié)合句意可知，前文是研究報(bào)告里的內(nèi)容，即在這份報(bào)告里，介詞in表示“在……里”，符合文意。故填in。15．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：研究人員研究了有多少兒童遵守了屏幕時(shí)間、鍛煉和睡眠指南的建議?？仗帪橹骶渲^語動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意可知，這里只是在陳述一件發(fā)生在過去的事情，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)即可。故填studied。16．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：雜志上的這項(xiàng)研究表明，大多數(shù)美國兒童沒有達(dá)到推薦標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這可能會(huì)影響他們的認(rèn)知能力。主語thestudy和提示詞publish為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，表示“研究被發(fā)表”，故需要填過去分詞表被動(dòng)；位于句首需要大寫字母“P”。故填Published。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Awarningsystem___17___(prevent)driversfromfallingasleepwasintroducedatthe2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices,whichwasheldfromSeptember4to9inBeijing.Thesystemcanjudge___18___thedriverissleepybymonitoringhowlongthedriver’seyesclose.Ifthedriveristired,thesystemwillsoundanalarm___19___thedriver’seyesreopen.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdriving___20___(behave),suchasnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhiledriving,mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.【答案】17．toprevent

18．whether

19．until

20．behaviours##behaviors【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。2020中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會(huì)于9月4日至9日在北京舉行，會(huì)上推出了防止司機(jī)睡著的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。文章介紹了這一系統(tǒng)的工作方式。17．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：2020中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易交易會(huì)于9月4日至9日在北京舉行，會(huì)上推出了防止司機(jī)睡著的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。此處修飾system用不定式作后置定語。故填toprevent。18．考查賓語從句。句意：該系統(tǒng)可以通過監(jiān)測司機(jī)眼睛閉上的時(shí)間來判斷司機(jī)是否困了。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句不缺少成分，表示“是否”應(yīng)用whether。故填whether。19．考查狀語從句。句意：如果司機(jī)累了，系統(tǒng)會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào)，直到司機(jī)的眼睛重新睜開。引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示“直到”應(yīng)用until。故填until。20．考查名詞。句意：在未來，其他危險(xiǎn)的駕駛行為，如不系安全帶和開車時(shí)打電話，可能也會(huì)加入到這個(gè)警告系統(tǒng)中。作主語，且由other修飾應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)名詞behaviours或behaviors。故填behaviours/behaviors。第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AEuropeistheperfectplaceforacampervanholiday.Everycornerofthecontinentisburstingwithhistory,cultureandsights.Hereare4greatEuropeancampervanholidaydestinationsforthissummer.SwedenSwedenisalargecountry,withhundredsofwell-appointedcampingsitessuitableforvehiclesandRVs.Andasyou’dimagineinsuchabigcountry,thereareawiderangeofexperiences.HeadnorthtoLaplandintheArcticCircleandyou’llfindtruewildernesseswhereyoucantrulygetclosetonature.HeadherebetweenJuneandmid-Julyandyou’llbeabletotakeinthemidnightsunshine.Ifseafoodisapassion,you’lllovethecoastalfishingvillagesonthewestcoastofSweden.GermanyGermanyisacountryofcontrasts,whichisoneofthereasonsit’ssuchacompellingdestinationforacampervanholiday.Therearemassiveindustrialcities,rollingplains,toweringmountains,deepforestsandlong,sparklingrivers.Allthesewonderfullocationsarealllinkedbyoneoftheworld’sbestroadsystems,andtherearethousandsofcamperstops.InlateSeptember,Munichhoststheworld-famousannualOktoberfest,completewithmillionsofsteinsofbeer,sausages,sauerkrautandlederhosen.ScotlandScotlandhassomethingforeveryone:citieswithvibrantnightlife,incrediblescenery,stunninglochsandmedievalcastles.Ifyouwanttogetawayfromitall,thentheHighlandsareoneoftheleastpopulatedareasinthewholeofEurope.HikerswilllovetheCairngorms-thelargestnationalparkintheUK.Ifyou’reinScotlandinAugust,thenbesuretocheckouttheEdinburghInternationalFestival,afeastoftheatre,dance,musicandcomedy.SpainSpain’srenownedforitsbeachholidays,butitofferssomuchmorethanthat.Blessedwithalovelyclimate,richhistory,stunningarchitecture,deliciouscuisineandfriendlylocals,Spainhaslongbeenafavoureddestinationforcampervanaficionados(愛好者).HikingfanaticsshouldnotmissthebeautifulPicosdeEuropa,Spain’sonlyinhabitednaturereserve.Butbeware-summerscanbeveryhotinSpain,particularlyintheSouth.21．WhencanyouenjoythemidnightsunshineinSweden?A．InearlyJune. B．InlateJuly. C．InlateSeptember. D．InearlyOctober.22．WhichcountryshouldyouvisitifyoulikethearchitectureintheMiddleAges?A．Sweden. B．Germany. C．Scotland. D．Spain.23．Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Oktoberfestisheldeveryotheryear. B．Spainhasonlyoneinhabitednaturereserve.C．CairngormsisoneofthebiggestparksintheUK. D．HighlandshavethesmallestpopulationinEurope.【答案】21．A

22．C

23．B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹歐洲四個(gè)房車露營度假勝地：瑞典、德國、蘇格蘭和西班牙。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹瑞典的段落的倒數(shù)第二句“HeadherebetweenJuneandmid-Julyandyou’llbeabletotakeinthemidnightsunshine.”（如果在六月到七月中來這里，你就能夠欣賞這里的午夜陽光）可知，在六月到七月中期間去瑞典能夠看到那里的午夜陽光，所以六月初去瑞典是可以看到瑞典的午夜陽光的。故選A項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹蘇格蘭的段落的第一句“Scotlandhassomethingforeveryone:citieswithvibrantnightlife,incrediblescenery,stunninglochsandmedievalcastles.”（蘇格蘭對每個(gè)人而言都有看頭：有多姿多彩的城市夜生活，有無與倫比的風(fēng)景，有優(yōu)美絕倫的湖泊，還有中世紀(jì)的城堡）可知，在蘇格蘭可以看到中世紀(jì)的城堡，所以喜歡中世紀(jì)建筑的人可以去蘇格蘭游覽。故選C項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)介紹西班牙的段落的倒數(shù)第二句“HikingfanaticsshouldnotmissthebeautifulPicosdeEuropa,Spain’sonlynaturereserve.”（遠(yuǎn)足愛好者不應(yīng)錯(cuò)過美麗的西班牙唯一有人居住的自然保護(hù)區(qū)歐羅巴山）可知，西班牙僅有一處有人居住的自然保護(hù)區(qū)。故選B項(xiàng)。BBrianSchwartzbecameoneofthemanytoturnjoblessundertheepidemic.ForBrian,thetimingcouldnothavebeenworse.Itwasastressfultimebetweenawifecarryingababy,adadbattlingbraincancer,andeverythingelsegoingoninthenews.Brianneededtodosomethingproductiveandheturnedtomowmowinglawnsforstressrelief.“Ijustdecidedtocreatemyowngoodnews,reallyjustasatimefiller,”saysBrian.Hewantedtohelpneighbors,justkeepinghimselfbusymentallyandphysically.Brianofferedhislawnmowingservicefreetoseniorsandpeoplewithdisabilitiesinhiscommunity.Aswordspreadofhisgoodacts,thelocalmediabeganpickinguponthestory.TheattentiongotBrianthinking.Therewasclearlyabroaderneedforwhathewasoffering.Sohedecidedtolaunchawebsite,,andakindnessmovementwasborn.Prettysoon,Brianhadalargecrowdofclientsneedingotherstomowtheirlawnsandanarmyofvolunteers,from18-year-oldsincollegetorecentretirees.Asnewsofhisorganizationspread,healsobegantoattractdonationstohelpwithoperatingcosts,whichencouragedhimtoturntheserviceintoanonprofit.Astheorganizationhasevolved(演變),Brianhasexpandedhisofferingstoincludeotherserviceslikeremovingtreesandclearingsnow.Buthebelievesthebenefitofwhathisteamdoesgoeswaybeyondthepractical.“Wearenotonlyprovidingthemwithfinancialrelief,”hesays.“It’smentalandphysicalreliefaswell.Andwe’rehearingfeedbacknotonlydirectlyfromthepeoplewe’rehelping,butalsofromtheirneighborswhothankusforhelpingmakethecommunitybetter.AndI’mevenreceivingoccasionallettersfrompeoplethatwemightnotevenhelp,buttheymighthavejustbeenatthetimelookingforsomeupliftingnews.”hasbecomeapassion.Notleastofallforthebenefitsthekindnessbrings.“Itstimulatesmymind,mybodyandmysouljustbyhelpingothers,”hesays.“It’sareallygoodfeeling.IfeellikeI’mdoingsomethingthathassomemeaningandpurpose.”24．WhatgotBrianintoabadsituation?A．Takingcareofababy. B．Beingoutofwork.C．Fightingagainstcancer. D．Beingreportedinnews.25．WhydidBriancreatethewebsite?A．Togainmorepublicattention.B．Toprovideawiderrangeofservices.C．Toraisedonationsforpeopleinneed.D．Tocollectnewsofkindnessmovements.26．WhatcanwelearnaboutBrian’sorganization?A．Itputsforwardplansonbetteringthecommunity.B．Itrequirespeopletogivefeedbackontheofferings.C．Itreducestheunemploymentamongpeopleinneed.D．Itgivespeoplespiritualsupportaswellasdirecthelp.27．Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?A．Goodthingstaketime. B．Everymomentmatters.C．Werisebyliftingothers. D．Famebringsopportunities.【答案】24．B

25．B

26．D

27．C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了布萊恩·施瓦茨(BrianSchwartz)成為疫情失業(yè)背景下，免費(fèi)為社區(qū)的老年人和殘疾人提供修剪草坪的服務(wù)，創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)網(wǎng)站幫助更多需要服務(wù)的人，既幫助了別人，也升華了自己。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“BrianSchwartzbecameoneofthemanytoturnjoblessundertheepidemic.(布萊恩·施瓦茨(BrianSchwartz)成為疫情下失業(yè)的眾多人之一。)”可知，失業(yè)使布萊恩陷入了困境。故選B。25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Therewasclearlyabroaderneedforwhathewasoffering.Sohedecidedtolaunchawebsite,,andakindnessmovementwasborn.(顯然，他所提供的東西有更廣泛的需求。于是，他決定創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，一場善意運(yùn)動(dòng)就此誕生)”可知，Brian創(chuàng)立網(wǎng)站是為了提供更廣泛的服務(wù)。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““Wearenotonlyprovidingthemwithfinancialrelief,”hesays.“It’smentalandphysicalreliefaswell.”(“我們不僅為他們提供經(jīng)濟(jì)援助，”他說?！斑@是精神和身體上的放松?！?”可知，Brian的組織給人們精神上的支持以及直接的幫助。故選D。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“hasbecomeapassion.Notleastofallforthebenefitsthekindnessbrings.“Itstimulatesmymind,mybodyandmysouljustbyhelpingothers,”hesays.“It’sareallygoodfeeling.IfeellikeI’mdoingsomethingthathassomemeaningandpurpose.”(L已經(jīng)成為一種激情。尤其是這種善意所帶來的好處。“通過幫助他人，它刺激了我的思想、身體和靈魂。這種感覺真的很好。我覺得我做的事情是有意義和目的的。”)”可知，我們從文章中能得出我們通過幫助別人而得到升華。故選C。CLearninghowtofacesilenceinconversationisanimportantskillespeciallywhenworkingacrosscultures.Ininternationalnegotiations,experiencednegotiator(談判者)staysilentandimpassiveonpurposebecausethatwillmakeothersfeeluncomfortableandpossiblymakecompromiseswithouthavingtodoanything.Americansespeciallycan’tstandsilence,sotheyoftenarethefirsttobreakthesilenceandsometimesmightbeatadisadvantageinnegotiations.Sowhat’sthebestresponse?Setyourjawandwaititout.Don’tofferacompromisejustbecausetheyarenotspeaking.Ifyouhavetosaysomething,askadirectquestion,suchas“What’syourinitialreactiontothatoffer?”O(jiān)nceasilenceisgettinginto45secondsyoucouldsay,“Let’scomebacktothatinaminuteandgoonwiththenextpartofournegotiation.”Inpresentations,silencecanbefarmoreeffectivethandramaticpassion(熱情).Beforestarting,lookattheaudienceandbesilentforamomentbecausethatsays,“I’mincontrol.IknowwhatI’mdoing.I’mconfident.”AclassicexamplewaswhenAppleco-founderSteveJobslaunchedthefirstiPhone.Heintroducedwithmanypausessothatyoudidn’tmisshiskeypoints.Becausesilencemakesusnervous,ournaturalreactionisthatwe’dbetterpayattention,there’ssomethinggoingonhere.Equally,whengivingaspeechtostaffortrainees,pausescount-especiallyiftherearenegatives.Ifyoukeeptalkingyou’respoonfeeding.Givepeopleamomentofsilencetogetbeyondtheemotionalresponseandtostartthinkingconsciouslyandprocessing.Silencecanbeaninward-focusedthoughtfulactivityoranoutwardstillnesswhereyougiveyourselfthetimetowatchandthinkandlistentotheworldaroundyou.HavingobservedtheuseofsilenceinFinlandandalsoamongtheBlackfeetNation,aNorthAmericanIndiantribeinnorthernMontanaintheUS,wecanseebenefitsfarbeyondwheelinganddealing.Silencecanbeaverypowerfulpointforunderstandingourselves,understandingothers,fordevelopingbettercommonunderstandingandmoreproductiveoutcomesandthatappliestobusiness,politics,education,law,medicine,everyareaofhumanlife.28．WhatisthepurposeoftheexampleofSteveJobs?A．ToshowthewisdomofSteveJobs. B．Toexplainsilencecanbemoreeffective.C．Tointroducehowtomakeapresentation. D．Toprovesilencecaneaseone'snervousness.29．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwords“spoonfeeding”inParagraph6?A．Supportingsomepersonwithanyselflesshelp.B．Feedingsomebodypatientlywithasmallspoon.C．Givingotherssomenewideastothinkovercarefully.D．Usingawaythatdiscouragesindependentthought.30．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Silenceisthebestdefense.B．Silenceinnegotiationsisofgreathelp.C．Learningtheskillsaboutsilenceisimportant.D．Silencehasdifferentmeaningsindifficultculture.【答案】28．B

29．D

30．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要講的是在談話中學(xué)會(huì)沉默是一種非常重要的技能，并解釋了其原因。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Inpresentations,silencecanbefarmoreeffectivethandramaticpassion(熱情).(在演講中，沉默可能比富有激情更有效。)”和第五段“AclassicexamplewaswhenAppleco-founderSteveJobslaunchedthefirstiPhone.(一個(gè)典型的例子是蘋果聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人史蒂夫·喬布斯推出第一代iPhone。)”可推知，作者提到喬布斯是為了解釋沉默有時(shí)候更有效。故選B。29．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段劃線處后的句子“Givepeopleamomentofsilencetogetbeyondtheemotionalresponseandtostartthinkingconsciouslyandprocessing.(給人們片刻的沉默，讓他們超越情緒反應(yīng)，開始有意識地思考和處理。)”和常識可推知，如果你一直滔滔不絕地講話，別人就沒有獨(dú)立思考的機(jī)會(huì)，你應(yīng)該時(shí)不時(shí)停下來，讓別人有反應(yīng)的時(shí)間、去思考和處理你說的話。由此可推知，spoonfeeding意為“用一種阻止他人獨(dú)立思考的方式”。故選D。30．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其第一段“Learninghowtofacesilenceinconversationisanimportantskillespeciallywhenworkingacrosscultures.(學(xué)習(xí)如何面對談話中的沉默是一項(xiàng)重要的技能，尤其是在跨文化工作時(shí)。)”和最后一段“Silencecanbeaverypowerfulpointforunderstandingourselves,understandingothers,fordevelopingbettercommonunderstandingandmoreproductiveoutcomesandthatappliestobusiness,politics,education,law,medicine,everyareaofhumanlife.(沉默可以是非常關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)，可以幫助我們理解自己，理解他人，促進(jìn)更好的共同理解和更有成效的結(jié)果，這適用于商業(yè)，政治，教育，法律，醫(yī)學(xué)，人類生活的每一個(gè)領(lǐng)域。)”可知，本文主要講的是在談話中學(xué)會(huì)沉默是一種非常重要的技能，并解釋了其原因。C項(xiàng)“學(xué)習(xí)沉默的技巧很重要。”概括了本文的主旨，符合文章大意。故選C。DForseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.Inresponse,scientistshavetendedtostressthesuccessofscience.Afterall,scientistshavebeenrightaboutmostthings.Stressingsuccessesisn’twrong,butformanypeopleit’snotpersuasive.Analternativeanswertothequestion“Whytrustscience?”isthatscientistsusetheso-calledscientificmethod.Ifyou’vegotahighschoolsciencetextbooklyingaround,you’llprobablyfindthatanswerinit.Butwhatistypicallythoughttobethescientificmethod—developahypothesis(假設(shè)),thendesignanexperimenttotestit—isn’twhatscientistsactuallydo.Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.Ifthereisnoidentifiablescientificmethod,thenwhatisthereasonfortrustinscience?Theanswerishowthoseclaimsareevaluated.Thecommonelementinmodernscience,regardlessofthespecificfieldortheparticularmethodsbeingused,isthestrictscrutiny(審查)ofclaims.It’sthistough,sustainedprocessthatworkstomakesurefaultyclaimsarerejected.Ascientificclaimisneveracceptedastrueuntilithasgonethroughalengthy“peerreview”becausethereviewersareexpertsinthesamefieldwhohaveboththerightandtheobligationtofindfaults.Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.Noclaimgetsaccepteduntilithasbeenvettedbydozens,ifnothundreds,ofheads.Inareasthathavebeencontested,likeclimatescienceandvaccinesafety,it’sthousands.Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.Doesthisprocessevergowrong?Ofcourse.Scientistsarehumans.Thereisalwaysthepossibilityofrevisingaclaimonthebasisofnewevidence.Somepeoplearguethatweshouldnottrustsciencebecausescientistsare“alwayschangingtheirminds.”Whileexamplesoftrulysettledsciencebeingoverturnedarefarfewerthanissometimesclaimed,theydoexist.Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.31．Whatcanwelearnabouttheso-calledscientificmethod?A．It’saneasyjobtoproveitsexistence.B．Itusuallyagreeswithscientists’ideas.C．Ithardlygetsmixedwithfalsetheories.D．Itconstantlychangesandprogresses.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vetted”inParagraph4probablymean?A．Examined B．Explained. C．Repeated. D．Released.33．Accordingtothepassage,theauthormayagreethat________.A．itisnotpersuasivetorejectthosefaultyclaimsB．a(chǎn)leadingexpertcannotplayadecisiveroleinascrutinyC．diversityinknowledgeisthecommonelementinscienceD．settledsciencetendstobecollectivelyoverturned34．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ApplyYourMindtoScience B．ExploreADynamicWaytoScienceC．DefendtheTruthinScience D．PutYourFaithinScience【答案】31．D

32．A

33．B

34．D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。針對一些人對現(xiàn)代科學(xué)的質(zhì)疑和不信任，作者肯定了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的新穎性和穩(wěn)定性，認(rèn)為這樣不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)、推翻、確定、再發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程正是科學(xué)的美妙和力量，認(rèn)為人們應(yīng)該相信科學(xué)。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Scienceisdynamic:newmethodsgetinvented;oldonesgetabandoned;andsometimes,scientistscanbefounddoingmanydifferentthings.”(科學(xué)是動(dòng)態(tài)的：新方法會(huì)被發(fā)明出來；舊的會(huì)被拋棄；有時(shí)，科學(xué)家們會(huì)做很多不同的事情。)可知，科學(xué)在不斷地變化和進(jìn)步。故選D。32．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)根據(jù)第四段第一句“Akeyaspectofscientificjudgmentisthatitisdonecollectively.”(科學(xué)判斷的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵方面是集體判斷。)和最后一句“Andthisiswhydiversityinscience—themorepeoplelookingataclaimfromdifferentangles—isimportant.”(這就是為什么科學(xué)的多樣性——更多的人從不同的角度看待一項(xiàng)主張——很重要。)可知，此處是指一個(gè)主張需要經(jīng)過很多人的檢測才會(huì)被接受。所以vetted意為“被檢測”。故選A。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段倒第二句“Thisiswhywearegenerallyjustifiedinnotworryingtoomuchifasinglescientist,evenaveryfamousone,disagreeswiththeclaim.”(這就是為什么如果有一個(gè)科學(xué)家，即使是一個(gè)非常著名的科學(xué)家，不同意這一說法，我們一般不需要太擔(dān)心的原因。)可知，一名權(quán)威專家不能在審查中發(fā)揮決定性作用。故選B。34．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Forseveraldecades,therehasbeenanextensiveandorganizedcampaignintendedtogeneratedistrustinscience,fundedbythosewhoseinterestsandideologiesarethreatenedbythefindingsofmodernscience.”(幾十年來，一直存在著一場旨在產(chǎn)生對科學(xué)的不信任的廣泛而有組織的運(yùn)動(dòng)，其資助人是那些利益和意識形態(tài)受到現(xiàn)代科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)威脅的人。)和最后一段最后兩句“Butthebeautyofthisscientificprocessisthatitexplainswhatmightotherwiseappearparadoxical(矛盾的):thatscienceproducesbothnoveltyandstability.Scientistsdochangetheirmindsinthefaceofnewevidence,butthisisastrengthofscience,notaweakness.”(但這一科學(xué)過程的美妙之處在于，它解釋了在其他情況下可能會(huì)顯得矛盾的事情：科學(xué)產(chǎn)生了新穎性和穩(wěn)定性。面對新的證據(jù)，科學(xué)家們確實(shí)會(huì)改變他們的想法，但這是科學(xué)的力量，而不是弱點(diǎn)。)可知，作者在文章中肯定了科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的新穎性和穩(wěn)定性，認(rèn)為這樣不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)、推翻、確定、再發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程正是科學(xué)的美妙和力量，人們應(yīng)該相信科學(xué)。故D項(xiàng)“相信科學(xué)”可以作為本文的最佳標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。LearningalanguageliterallychangesyourbrainIfyou’veeverlearnedanewlanguage,youknowhowdifficultitcanbe.Nativelanguagesseemalmostbuilt-in.____35____Butlearninganewlanguage,especiallyafterearlychildhood,canbeahugetask,burdenedbylongvocabularyliststomemorize,andcomplexcasesandtroublesometensestomaster.Ofcourse,it’sworththeeffort.Intoday’sinterconnectedworld,learninganewlanguagecanchangeyourlife.Itwillcertainlychangeyourbrain.Learninganythingchangesyourbrain,atleastalittlebit.____36____JohnGrundy,aneuroscientistspecializinginbilingualismandthebrain,sayswhenyoulearnanewlanguage,yourbraingetsrearranged,newconnectionsaremadeandnewpathwaysareformed.Thoseextrapathwayscancomeinhandy.Grundyoffersausefulanalogy(類比):Imaginethatyoualwaystakethesameroutetowork.Thenoneday,theroadiswashedout.Nowwhat?Ifyou’dvariedyourrouteovertheyears,you’dhaveoptionsalreadyinmind.Youcouldhoponanotherroadandmaybemakeittoyourdeskbeforeyourbossnoticedyouwerelate.“It’sreallyjustaremodelingofthebrainthatallowsittobecomemoreefficient,”Grundysays.____37____Afterthreemonthsofintenselanguagestudy,recruitsattheSwedishArmedForcesInterpreterAcademyhadincreasesincortical(皮層的)thicknessinareasassociatedwithlanguageprocessing.Knowingasecondlanguagecanalsohelppreventoratleastdelaycognitivedecline.“Thereisaconsistentfindingthatbilingualsareabletostaveoffsymptomsofdementiaforaboutfourtosixyearscomparedtomonolinguals,”saysGrundy.____38____Ifyou’rethinkingit’stoolate,you’reprobablywrong.Weoftenthinkonlychildrencanlearnlanguageswithease.It’struethatyoungchildrendomorequicklylearnwhateverlanguagethey’reexposedto,butwhenitcomestoaddingonanewone,adultsaren’tatasmuchofadisadvantageasyoumightthink.____39____Ifyoupracticealotandimmerseyourselfinthelanguage,youcanseethebenefitsatanyage,especiallywhenyougetolder.A．Butlearningalanguagedoesitinhighgear.B．Wesoakthemupnaturallywhenwe’reveryyoung.C．Andthesechangesdon’thelpwithonlylanguagefunctions.D．A2012studyfoundthatthisremodelingcanbesignificant.E．It’snotsomuchtheageatwhichyoulearnanewlanguageasthewayyoulearnit.F．Pickingupanewlanguagecouldchangeyourbrain,andmayevenhelpstaveoffdementia.G．Andthat’sprettyimpressiveconsideringthebestmedicationswehavecanpostponethesymptoms