廣東省華附、省實(shí)、廣雅、深中四校2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題 附解析

華附、省實(shí)、廣雅、深中2023屆高三四校聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分,共8頁(yè),滿分120分,考試用時(shí)120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將自己的校名、姓名、考號(hào)、座位號(hào)等相關(guān)信息填寫在答題卡指定區(qū)域內(nèi),并用2B鉛筆填涂相關(guān)信息。2.選擇題每小題選出答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑:如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其它答案:不能答在試卷上。3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答,答案必須寫在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)的相應(yīng)位置上,如需改動(dòng),先劃掉原來(lái)的答案,然后再寫上新的答案:不準(zhǔn)使用鉛筆和涂改液。不按以上要求作答的答案無(wú)效。4.考生必須保持答題卡的整潔。第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題:每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AThissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplanemodeandgettinglostinabook?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwithabookonthebeach.Herearefivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romanceandsecret.OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHigginsKristanHigginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthroughsomemajorlifechanges.Thenursehasalwaysputothersfirst.Butwhenherson’sdepartureforcollegecoincideswithherhusbandleavingher,lifepresentstheperfecttimetotrytogetherselfback.TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHarttCassandraHartt’sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictionaltownerodingintotheocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistformuchlonger.TheCounselorsbyJessicaGoodmanWhatcouldbebetterthanajuicytaleoffriendsataprestigioussummercamp.Thisfast-pacedyoungadultthrillersetatthefictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspenseandfeelingacravingforcampfiresatthesametime.DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchadePetlovers,catyourheartout.ThelatestnovelfromdogtrainerandauthorVictoriaSchadefeaturesanoverworkedvet,MorganPearce,whoescapestoNantuckettorechargewhiletakingcareofherclient’sdog.Unexpectedromanceisinstoreforher.TheForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmelNowavailableinpaperback,theauthortellsaturningnovelaboutawomanwho,afterbeingkidnapped,findsherselfisolatedandlivinginthewildernessofEasternEuropeduringWorldWarII.Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheissuddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewishpeoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurviveintheforest.1.Whoarethesebooksprobablyrecommendedto?A.Peopletakingaplane.B.Peopleworkingonthebeach.C.Peoplegoingonholiday.D.Peoplelongingtolivebythesea.2.Whichofthefollowingwouldyouchooseifyoufavourstoriesaboutteenagelife?A.TheCounselorsandDogFriendly.B.TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIandTheCounselors.C.TheCounselorsandTheForestofVanishingStars.D.OutoftheClearBlueSkyandTheSeaisSaltandsoAmI.3.Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?A.Theyaremainlyfictional.B.Theyareheartwarmingtales.C.Theyaretalessetincoastalareas.D.Theyareexploringthesametheme.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要推薦了五本時(shí)候在海灘讀的書?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Thissummer,maywesuggestswitchingyourphonetoairplanemodeandgettinglostinabook?Itwouldbeagoodideatocurlupinyourfavoritechairwithabookonthebeach.Herearefivebrandnewbeachreadsbrimmingwithsunshinesand,romanceandsecret.(今年夏天，我們是否可以建議你把手機(jī)調(diào)到飛行模式，沉浸在書中？在沙灘上蜷縮在你最喜歡的椅子上看書是個(gè)好主意。這里有五個(gè)全新的海灘讀物，充滿了陽(yáng)光、沙灘、浪漫和秘密)”可推知，這些書是推薦給那些在海邊度假的人。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中“CassandraHartt’sdebutyoungadultnoveltakesplaceonthecoastofMaine,inafictionaltownerodingintotheocean.Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistformuchlonger.(卡桑德拉·哈特的處女作是一部青少年小說(shuō)，故事發(fā)生在緬因州海岸，一個(gè)虛構(gòu)的小鎮(zhèn)被海水侵蝕。通過(guò)不同的視角，這個(gè)充滿情感和發(fā)自內(nèi)心的故事揭示了青少年在面對(duì)信任、愛情、危險(xiǎn)的浪潮，以及在一個(gè)可能不會(huì)存在太久的家鄉(xiāng)長(zhǎng)大的經(jīng)歷)”可知，如果你喜歡關(guān)于青少年生活的故事，可以看TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)小標(biāo)題OutoftheClearBlueSkybyKristanHiggins下的段落中“KristanHigginsspinsaheartwarmingandhumoroustaleofanemptynestergoingthroughsomemajorlifechanges.(克里斯坦·希金斯講述了一個(gè)溫暖而幽默的故事，講述了一個(gè)空巢老人正在經(jīng)歷一些重大的生活變化)”，小標(biāo)題TheSeaisSaltandsoAmIbyCassandraHartt下的段落中“Throughdifferentperspectives,thisemotionalandheartfeltstoryunpacksthetrialsofteenagersdealingwithtrust,love,dangeroustides,andgrowingupinahometownthatmightnotexistformuchlonger.(通過(guò)不同的視角，這個(gè)充滿情感和發(fā)自內(nèi)心的故事揭示了青少年在面對(duì)信任、愛情、危險(xiǎn)的浪潮，以及在一個(gè)可能不會(huì)存在太久的家鄉(xiāng)長(zhǎng)大的經(jīng)歷)”，小標(biāo)題TheCounselorsbyJessicaGoodman下的段落中“Thisfast-pacedyoungadultthrillersetatthefictionalCampAlpineLake,willhaveyouturningpagesinsuspenseandfeelingacravingforcampfiresatthesametime.(這部以虛構(gòu)的阿爾卑斯湖營(yíng)地為背景的快節(jié)奏青少年驚悚片，會(huì)讓你在懸念中翻頁(yè)，同時(shí)感覺對(duì)篝火的渴望)”，小標(biāo)題DogFriendlybyVictoriaSchade下的段落中“Unexpectedromanceisinstoreforher.(意想不到的浪漫正等著她)”以及小標(biāo)題TheForestofVanishingStarsbyKristinHarmel下的段落中“Inanunexpectedturnofevents,sheissuddenlythrustintoteachingagroupofJewishpeoplewhoescapedNaziGermanyhowtosurviveintheforest.(在一個(gè)意想不到的轉(zhuǎn)折中，她突然被迫去教一群逃離納粹德國(guó)的猶太人如何在森林里生存)”可推知，這些書有共同的主題，生活中總會(huì)遇到一些出乎預(yù)料的事。故選D項(xiàng)。BOnceonadarkwinter’sday,whentheyellowfoghungsothickandheavyinthestreetsofLondonthatthelampswerelightedandtheshopwindowsblazedwithgasastheydoatnight,aLittlegirlsatinacabwithherfatherandwasdrivenratherslowlythroughthebigthoroughfares.Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredoutofthewindowatthepassingpeoplewithaqueer(strange,odd)old-fashionedthoughtfulnessinherbigeyes.Principally,shewasthinkingofwhataqueerthingitwasthatatonetimeonewasinIndiaintheblazingsun,andtheninthemiddleoftheocean,andthendrivinginastrangevehiclethroughstrangestreetswherethedaywasasdarkasthenight.Shefoundthissopuzzlingthatshemovedclosertoherfather.“Whatisit.darling?”CaptainCreweasked,holdinghercloserandlookingdownintoherface.Duringhershortlifeonlyonethinghadtroubledher,andthatthingwas“theplace”shewastobetakentosomeday.TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoonaspossibletheyweresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.Shebadseenotherchildrengoaway,andhadheardtheirfathersandmotherstalkabouttheletterstheyreceivedfromthem1.Shehadknownthatshewouldbeobligedtogoalso,andthoughsometimesherfather’sstoriesofthevoyageandthenewcountryhadattractedher,shehadbeentroubledbythethoughtthathecouldnotstaywithher.Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace“inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls,butifshehadplentyofbooksshecouldconsoleherself.Itwasabig,dull,brickhouse,exactlylikealltheothersinitsrow,butthatonthefrontdoorthereshoneabrassplateonwhichwasengravedinblackletters:MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoungLadies.“Idon’tlikeit,papa,”shesaid.“ButthenIdaresaysoldiers-evenbraveones-don’treallylikegoingintobattle.”Sarastoodquietly,withhereyesfixeduponMissMinchin’sface.Shewasthinkingsomethingodd,asusual.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthestory?A.Sarawasbotheredbyherdeparturefromherfather.B.SarawasabouttobesenttoLondonforacompletelynewlife.C.Sarawasthinkingofawaytoescapebeingsenttoaforeigncountry.D.Sarawaspersuadedtoreceivefurthereducationinaprestigiousschool.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“console“inParagraph6probablymean?A.entertain B.occupyC.comfort D.improve6.WhatdoesSaraprobablythinkofher’futureinthenewplace?A.Shedidn’tmindlivingwithothergirls.B.Shehatedtheideaoflivingindependently.C.Shewaspositiveaboutthenewlifeatschool.D.Shewasconfidenttoadapttothenewenvironment.7.Whichofthefollowingwritingskillsisemployedinthetext?A.TheauthorcomparesSara’sbraverytothatofthesoldiers.B.Thedescriptionofthesurroundingsistoaddhorrortothestory.C.TheimageofSaraisdepictedthroughappearanceandlanguage.D.Bodylanguageisemployedtoshowthecharacter’sstateofmind.【答案】4.D5.C6.D7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了主人公去英國(guó)求學(xué)的故事背景?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第二句話“TheclimateofIndiawasverybadforchildren,andassoonaspossibletheyweresentawayfromit-generallytoEnglandandtoschool.(印度的氣候?qū)⒆觽儊?lái)說(shuō)非常糟糕，他們很快就被送往英國(guó)和學(xué)校)”，“Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace“inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.(她喜歡這樣想。為她父親保管房子；和他一起騎馬，在他參加晚宴時(shí)坐在桌子的最前面；和他交談，讀他的書——這將是她在世界上最喜歡的事情，如果一個(gè)人必須去英國(guó)的“地方”去實(shí)現(xiàn)它，她必須下定決心去)”以及倒數(shù)第二段“MISSMINCHIN,SelectSeminaryforYoungLadies.(MINCHIN女士，為年輕女士選擇神學(xué)院)”可知，小女孩必須得去英國(guó)接受進(jìn)一步的教育，這是父母?jìng)兯Ｍ摹１M管她不想去，但是這是她做自己想做的事情之前必須要做的事情。由此可推知，小女孩決定去英國(guó)的一個(gè)神學(xué)院接受進(jìn)一步的教育。故選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞前面的句子“Shehadlikedtothinkofthat.Tokeepthehouseforherfather;toridewithhim,andsitattheheadofhistablewhenhehaddinnerparties;totalktohimandreadhisbooks-thatwouldbewhatshewouldlikemostintheworld,andifonemustgoawayto“theplace“inEnglandtoattainit,shemustmakeuphermindtogo.(她喜歡這樣想。為她父親保管房子；和他一起騎馬，在他參加晚宴時(shí)坐在桌子的最前面；和他交談，讀他的書——這將是她在世界上最喜歡的事情，如果一個(gè)人必須去英國(guó)的“地方”去實(shí)現(xiàn)它，她必須下定決心去)”以及劃線單詞前半句話“Shedidnotcareverymuchforotherlittlegirls(她不太關(guān)心其他小女孩)”可知，小女孩并不想去英國(guó)讀書，但是她必須要去。在那里她可能不認(rèn)識(shí)其她的小女孩，但是書可以安慰她寂寞的心靈。故換線單詞的意思為“安慰”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段小女孩說(shuō)的話““Idon’tlikeit,papa,”shesaid.“ButthenIdaresaysoldiers-evenbraveones-don’treallylikegoingintobattle.”(我不喜歡，爸爸，”她說(shuō)?！暗腋艺f(shuō)，士兵們——即使是勇敢的士兵也不喜歡參加戰(zhàn)斗?！?”可知，小女孩雖然不喜歡這個(gè)地方，但是她相信她會(huì)像一個(gè)勇敢的士兵一樣，去克服自己的困難。由此可推知，小女孩有信心去適應(yīng)新的環(huán)境。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Sheleanedagainstherfather,whoheldherinhisarm,asshestaredoutofthewindowatthepassingpeoplewithaqueer(strange,odd)old-fashionedthoughtfulnessinherbigeyes.(她靠在父親的身上，父親把她摟在懷里，她用一雙奇怪的、古怪的、老式的體貼的大眼睛凝視著窗外的路人)”可推知，作者使用了肢體語(yǔ)言，來(lái)描述作者現(xiàn)在的心里狀態(tài)。故選D。CWorryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewoulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotrytocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselvesunnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould’vebeenspentelsewhere.Toavoidthisitisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesridiculous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini’sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface.“Maestro(大師),”themusiciansaid,“myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments.”Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders.“Myfriend,”hereplied,“Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening.”Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.8.Whatdoweknowaboutworryfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Itrequirespeopletorecordandreviewthetroublelater.B.Itdrivespeopletotryandstaysafefromanticipatedtrouble.C.It’sreferredtoasnegativeideasaboutthingsthatwillneverhappen.D.Itcausesawasteoftimethatshouldbespentonsolvingtheproblem.9.TheexampleoftheorchestramentionedinParagraph3istoarguethat________.AthenoteE-flatdoesnotappearinthemusicB.wronglyanalyzingtheproblemisridiculousC.it’snotwisetobedisturbedbysomethingimaginaryD.amanofwisdomisabletodealwith1worryeffectively10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.ArturoToscaniniwasagreatItalianmusicianfromItaly.B.Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenature.C.Timewastedonworryshouldbespentonsomethingmeaningful.D.Peoplefeelannoyedbyworrybecauseofpsychologicalproblems.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thesourceofworry.B.Howtodealwithworry.C.Thedefinitionofworry.D.Howworryaffectspeople.【答案】8.D9.C10.C11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。本文通過(guò)分析人們產(chǎn)出憂慮的原因給出了解決憂慮的方法?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Worryisdefinedasthoughtsandimagesofanegativenatureinwhichmentalattemptsaremadetoavoidtheexpectedpotentialthreats.（憂慮被定義為消極的想法和形象，在這種想法和形象中，人們?cè)谛睦砩显噲D避免預(yù)期的潛在威脅。）”和第二段“Ifweweretokeeparecordofallthethingsweworriedaboutduringagivenperiodoftime,wewoulddiscover,inreviewingthem,thatthegreatmajorityofourexpectedproblemsortroublesnevercometopass.Thismeansthatmostofthetimewedevotetoworrying,whichpushesustotrytocomeupwithasolutiontowhatistroublingus,iswasted,Thus,wenotonlycausedourselvesunnecessarymentalpain,buttookupvaluableminutesandhoursthatcould’vebeenspentelsewhere.（如果我們把一段時(shí)間內(nèi)我們所擔(dān)心的所有事情都記錄下來(lái)，在回顧它們的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，我們所預(yù)期的問(wèn)題或麻煩絕大多數(shù)都不會(huì)發(fā)生。這意味著我們花在擔(dān)憂上的大部分時(shí)間都被浪費(fèi)了，這些時(shí)間促使我們努力想出解決困擾我們的問(wèn)題的方法。因此，我們不僅給自己造成了不必要的精神痛苦，還占用了本可以花在其他地方的寶貴的分鐘和小時(shí)。）”可知，前兩段可以得知，擔(dān)憂浪費(fèi)了本應(yīng)花在解決問(wèn)題上的時(shí)間。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Toavoidthis,itisoftennecessarytostaycalmandtracethesourcesofworry.Moreimportantly,weshouldanalyzethesituationandseewhetheritistheveryproblemthatisbotheringus.Blindlyfeelingnervousaboutwhethertheproblemcanbesolvedissometimesnidicolous,fortheproblemsdonotexist.Once,shortlybeforeamajorconcert,amemberofArturoToscanini’sorchestraapproachedthegreatItalianconductorwithanexpressionoffearonhisface.‘Maestro(大師),’themusiciansaid,‘myinstrumentisnotworkingproperly.IcannotreachthenoteofE-flat.WhateverwillIdo?Wearetobegininafewmoments.’Toscaninilookedatthemanwithamazement.Thenhesmiledkindlyandplacedanarmaroundhisshoulders.‘Myfriend,’hereplied,‘Donotworryaboutit.ThenoteE-flatdoesnotappearanywhereinthemusicthatyouwillbeplayingthisevening.’（為了避免這種情況，通常有必要保持冷靜，尋找擔(dān)憂的根源。更重要的是，我們應(yīng)該分析形勢(shì)，看看是不是問(wèn)題本身在困擾我們。盲目地為問(wèn)題能否解決而緊張有時(shí)是可笑的，因?yàn)閱?wèn)題并不存在。有一次，在一場(chǎng)大型音樂會(huì)上，阿圖羅·托斯卡尼尼(ArturoToscanini)樂隊(duì)的一名成員臉上帶著恐懼的表情走近這位偉大的意大利指揮家?！按髱煟币魳芳艺f(shuō)，“我的樂器不能正常工作了。我唱不到降e音。我該怎么辦呢?我們馬上就要開始了?！蓖兴箍崮狍@訝地看著這個(gè)人。然后他和藹地笑了笑，把一只胳膊搭在他的肩膀上。他回答說(shuō):“我的朋友，不要為這事?lián)?。降e音在你今晚演奏的樂曲中是沒有出現(xiàn)的?！保笨芍?，第三段提到提到的管弦樂隊(duì)的例子為了說(shuō)明，被想象的東西打擾是不明智的。故選C。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在為某些事情擔(dān)心時(shí)，明智的做法是停下來(lái)問(wèn)問(wèn)自己?jiǎn)栴}是什么，它是否會(huì)發(fā)生。然后我們就可以繼續(xù)做一些更有意義的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打擾。）”可知，浪費(fèi)在憂慮上的時(shí)間應(yīng)該花在有意義的事情上。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenexttimewefindourselvesinthemiddleofworryingaboutsomematters,wemightbewisetostopandaskourselveswhattheproblemisandwhetheritwillhappen.Thenwemaybeabletogoontodosomethingmoremeaningfuloratleastavoidbeingdisturbedbysomethingimaginary.（下次當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在為某些事情擔(dān)心時(shí)，明智的做法是停下來(lái)問(wèn)問(wèn)自己?jiǎn)栴}是什么，它是否會(huì)發(fā)生。然后我們就可以繼續(xù)做一些更有意義的事情，或者至少避免被一些想象的事情打擾。）”可知，本文主要講述了如何處理憂慮。故選B。DOneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.Evenwhenyouhaveastrongpublictransportsysteminmovingpeoplebetweenpopulationhubs,thelastmile-thatsectionbetweentherailwaystationandsomeone’shome,forexample-canleadtocaruseifit’sconsideredtoofarortoodangeroustowalk.Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter‘ratruns’(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.LTNsattempttofilteroutcarsfromresidentialstreetsusingbollards,camera-controlledgatesorevenplantersfullofflowersplacedacrosstheroad,whilepedestrians,cyclistsandemergencyvehiclescanstillpass.AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat“drivingamileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,”andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.Thetrialsseegagglesofelectricscootersavailabletobepickedupfromstreetcorners.Thescootersarehiredusinganappandthen,oncethey’refinishedwith,parkedelsewhereinsidethetrialarea,wherethey’recollectedandrechargedbythehiringcompany.ADepartmentofTransportreportone-scooterusefoundtheywere“widelyperceivedtohaveenvironmentalandconveniencebenefits,”butsufferedfromcomparisonstochildren’stoys.Butthat’snotall.Theworld’sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopenedinCoventryearlierthisyear.Thetaxisanddronesbasedatthehuballtakeoffandlandverticallylikehelicoptersandarebeingusedtotravelshortjourneysordelivercargo.Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.12.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.Peopleareconsideredreliantoncarstotravel.B.Publictransportsystemstillneedsimprovement.C.Pollutionfromcarshasanimpactonpeople’slifequality.D.Residentialareasareusuallyfarawayfromtherailwaystation.13.WhatdoweknowabouttheideaofanLTN?A.It’sawaytoencouragesocialinteractionandlocalbusiness.B.It’saseriesofmeasurestoreservethestreetstowalkingresidents.C.It’sasystemthatemployshightechnologytokeepcarsonthemainroads.D.It’sapracticeprovedeffectiveinkeepingchildrensafefromtrafficaccidents.14.What’sthestructureofthetext?P=ParagraphA. B.C. D.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Tocallonreaderstoconstructahealthiercity.B.Topromotethelatestdevelopmentsincaralternatives.C.Tointroducepossiblewaystogetridofdependenceoncars.D.Toinformcitizensoftechnologicaladvancestotacklesocialproblems.【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出人們過(guò)于依賴汽車，這不利于健康城市的建設(shè)，因此需要解除對(duì)汽車的依賴，并提出三個(gè)措施。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.(為了改善城市的生活，城市必須做出的最重要的改變之一就是將人們與汽車分開。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改變就是將人們與汽車分開，可見人們出行對(duì)汽車很依賴。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“AnalysisfortheactivetransportcharitySustransfoundthat“drivingamileonaminorurbanroadistwiceaslikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildpedestrian,andthreetimesmorelikelytokillorseriouslyinjureachildcyclist,comparedtodrivingamileonanurbanA-road,”andthatheavycartrafficinresidentialareascanleadtoariseinsocialisolation.LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.(積極交通慈善機(jī)構(gòu)Sustrans進(jìn)行的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，“與在城市一級(jí)道路上行駛一英里相比，在城市次要道路上行駛一英里，導(dǎo)致兒童行人死亡或嚴(yán)重受傷的可能性是前者的兩倍，而導(dǎo)致兒童騎自行車者死亡或嚴(yán)重傷害的可能性是前者的三倍”，居民區(qū)的汽車交通擁擠可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致社會(huì)孤立的加劇。LTN減少了這一危險(xiǎn)，導(dǎo)致受傷人數(shù)減少了三倍，并已表明增加了當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)的游客數(shù)量。)”可知，LTN使得在次要道路上因交通工具導(dǎo)致的兒童重傷和死亡人數(shù)減少，因此它被證實(shí)是使孩子遠(yuǎn)離交通事故的有效措施。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Oneofthemostimportantchangescitiesmustmaketoimprovelifeinthemistoseparatepeoplefromtheircars.(為了改善城市的生活，城市必須做出的最重要的改變之一就是將人們與汽車分開。)”可知，改善城市生活最重要的改變就是將人們與汽車分開，可見人們出行對(duì)汽車很依賴，本文旨在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題；根據(jù)第二段第一句“Theideaofalow-trafficneighbourhood(LTN)-wherecarsarebannedfromquieter‘ratruns’(偏僻小路)tokeepthemonthemajorroutes-hastakenoffinpartsoftheUK.(低交通量社區(qū)（LTN）的想法已經(jīng)在英國(guó)部分地區(qū)流行起來(lái)。在這里，汽車被禁止在較安靜的“老鼠跑道”上行駛，以保證它們?cè)谥鞲傻郎闲旭偂?”，第四段第一句“Alsopopulararee-scooterhiretrials,whicharetakingplaceintownsandcitiesincludingMiddlesbrough,BristolandChelmsford.(試行電子滑板車租賃也很受歡迎，目前正在米德爾斯堡、布里斯托爾和切爾姆斯福德等城鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行。)”和第五段第一二句“Butthat’snotall.Theworld’sfirsthubfordemonstratingelectricairtaxisanddronesopenedinCoventryearlierthisyear.(但這還不是全部。今年早些時(shí)候，世界上第一個(gè)演示電動(dòng)空中出租車和無(wú)人機(jī)的中心在考文垂開始營(yíng)業(yè)。)”可知，二，四，五段分別提出一種措施；根據(jù)第三段最后一句“LTNsreducethisdanger,leadingtoathree-foldreductionininjuries,andhavebeenshowntoincreasethenumberofvisitorstolocalbusinesses.(LTN減少了這一危險(xiǎn)，導(dǎo)致受傷人數(shù)減少了三倍，并已表明增加了當(dāng)?shù)仄髽I(yè)的游客數(shù)量。)”可知，第三段延續(xù)第二段，繼續(xù)討論LTN。因此文章結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該是總分總，第一段總起介紹，第二三段討論措施一，第四段討論措施二，第五段討論措施三，第六段總結(jié)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)本文最后一段“Weaningusoffourcaraddictionisoneofthemoredifficultbarriersstandingbetweenusandhealthiercities.Thefirststepthatneedstobetakenwillbetotacklethedominanceofthecar.(讓我們擺脫對(duì)汽車的依賴是我們與更健康的城市之間更困難的障礙之一。需要采取的第一步是解決汽車的主導(dǎo)地位。)”可知，文章最后作者再次強(qiáng)調(diào)要擺脫對(duì)汽車的依賴，而前文幾段也提出了三種措施，故可推測(cè)本文作者旨在介紹解除汽車依賴的措施。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題:每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)根據(jù)下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning.____16____Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.Previousresearchhasshownthatthechangesactuallypersistinthemusclesthemselves.Inonestudyofmice,theresultssuggestthatafternucleiinmusclecellsmultiplyinresponsetoanoverloadoftraining,thoseextranucleiaren’tlostduringsubsequentperiodsofinactivity.Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.____17____Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoreachthepost-traininglevel.Buthowquicklyyouregainyourformerfitnessdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas.howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising.____18____Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.Andtheprincipleappliestobothresistancetrainingandendurancetraining.Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.____19____Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.____20____Youwillneverknowhowmuchmusclememoryyoumayhaveuntilyoustarttrainingagain.A.Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.B.Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.C.Thisconvincestheresearchersthatmusclememorymaynotbelonglasting.D.Thatistosay,wecandothesportsautomaticallywithoutconsciousthought.E.Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.F.Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.G.Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.【答案】16.B17.A18.G19.E20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了肌肉記憶是一種你先前訓(xùn)練的肌肉在一段時(shí)間不用后，會(huì)獲得力量的現(xiàn)象，它是你過(guò)去為學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)付出的所有努力的回報(bào)，之前你鍛煉得越多，你的肌肉記憶力就會(huì)儲(chǔ)存得越多?！?6題詳解】上文“Peoplerefertoneverforgettinghowtorideabikeorthrowabaseballasexamplesof“musclememory”,theresultofamotorlearning.(人們把永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記如何騎自行車或投擲棒球作為“肌肉記憶”的例子，這是運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)能學(xué)習(xí)的結(jié)果)”指出人們用舉例子的方法給“肌肉記憶”下定義，下文“Itisaphenomenonthatpreviouslytrainedmusclesacquirestrengthafteraperiodofdisuse.(這是一種現(xiàn)象，先前訓(xùn)練的肌肉在一段時(shí)間不用后，會(huì)獲得力量。)”是“肌肉記憶”的定義，由此可知，空處引起下文，指出其他人對(duì)肌肉記憶的定義，B項(xiàng)“Physiologists,ontheotherhand,defineitinadifferentway.(另一方面，生理學(xué)家則用不同的方式來(lái)定義它。)”指出生物學(xué)家給“肌肉記憶”下了定義，其中“it”代指上文“musclememory”，故選B?！?7題詳解】上文“Onceyouhavegotadditionalnuclei,youarebankingthecapacity.(一旦你有了額外的原子核，你就是在儲(chǔ)蓄能量。)”指出有了額外的原子核，你就是在儲(chǔ)蓄能量，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，指出我們應(yīng)該如何做才能挖掘出自己的能量，A項(xiàng)“Thebestwaytotapintoitisto“getbackonthehorse”.(最好的方法就是“重新振作起來(lái)”。)”符合，同時(shí)順承下文，下文“Infact,arecentstudyrevealedthatlessthaneightweeksofretrainingwereneededtoreachthepost-traininglevel.(事實(shí)上，最近的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，要達(dá)到培訓(xùn)后的水平，只需要不到8周的再培訓(xùn)。)”描述了要通過(guò)在培訓(xùn)來(lái)挖掘自己的能量，故選A?！?8題詳解】上文“Buthowquicklyyouregainyourformerfitnessdependsonhowfityouwereinitially,howlongthelayoffwas.howoldyouareandhowlongyou’dbeenexercising.(但是你恢復(fù)健康的速度取決于你最初的健康狀況，以及停止活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。你多大了，鍛煉了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。)”提到一項(xiàng)研究指出要恢復(fù)到之前的水平，需要考慮最初的健康狀況，以及停止活動(dòng)的時(shí)間，你多大了，鍛煉了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間幾個(gè)方面，下文“Itmeansyoustillhaveadistinctadvantagewhenitcomestoregainingyourformerleveloffitness.(這意味當(dāng)談到恢復(fù)您以前的健康水平時(shí)，你仍然有一個(gè)明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。)”指出你仍然有優(yōu)勢(shì)恢復(fù)到之前的水平，空出應(yīng)該承上啟下，G項(xiàng)“Allthisnewsaboutmusclememoryisencouragingforthosewhofelloffthefitnessscheme.(所有這些關(guān)于肌肉記憶的新聞對(duì)于那些脫離健身計(jì)劃的人來(lái)說(shuō)都是鼓舞人心的。)”符合，“Allthisnews”指上文提到的“你恢復(fù)健康的速度取決于你最初的健康狀況，以及停止活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。你多大了，鍛煉了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，“felloffthefitnessscheme”和下文“yourformerleveloffitness”相呼應(yīng)，故選G?！?9題詳解】上文“Thebestwaytoregainyourmusclememoryistostartatalevelbelowwhatyouwereaccustomedtodoing,andthengraduallyincreaseintermsofduration,frequency,thenintensity.(恢復(fù)肌肉記憶的最好方法是從一個(gè)低于你習(xí)慣做的水平開始，然后逐漸增加持續(xù)時(shí)間、頻率和強(qiáng)度。)”指出恢復(fù)肌肉記憶的最好方法是從低于你習(xí)慣做的水平開始，然后逐漸增加持續(xù)時(shí)間、頻率和強(qiáng)度這些要素，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，繼續(xù)談?wù)撊绾位謴?fù)肌肉記憶，E項(xiàng)“Itisgenerallysafetoincreasetheseelementsby5percenteveryweekortwo.(通常情況下，每周或每?jī)芍軐⑦@些要素增加5%是安全的。)”符合，其中“theseelements”代指上文“duration,frequency,thenintensity”，故選E。【20題詳解】上文“Ultimately,musclememoryisapayoffforallthepastworkyouputintolearningasport.(歸根結(jié)底，肌肉記憶是你過(guò)去為學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)付出的所有努力的回報(bào)。)”指出肌肉記憶和你之前的付出的關(guān)系，肌肉記憶是你過(guò)去學(xué)習(xí)的回報(bào)，空處應(yīng)該承接上文，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Itisevidentthatthemoreyouexercise,themoremusclememorysavingsyouwillhave.(很明顯，你鍛煉得越多，你的肌肉記憶力就會(huì)儲(chǔ)存得越多。)”符合，繼續(xù)解釋肌肉記憶與你之前的鍛煉的關(guān)系，故選F。第二部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共1