專題04 閱讀理解（知識梳理+專題過關）-2021-2022年七年級下學期英語期末考點大串講（廣州深圳牛津版）（解析版）

你閱讀理解閱讀理解技巧點撥閱讀理解題型通?？梢苑譃樗姆N：細節(jié)理解、詞義（組）豬測、推理判斷、主旨（段落）大意及標題歸納，下面讓我們一起來看看這幾類題型。一、細節(jié)理解題1.細節(jié)理解題占閱讀理解的比例很大，閱讀時要特別注意以下幾點：（1）閱讀時，必須以原文提供的事實、細節(jié)和邏輯關系為依據(jù)，切忌把自己的觀點和看法與原文或作者的觀點、看法混為一談。（2）文章中的數(shù)字、日期、時間都是設題的重點，此類題目很少是文章中表層出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字或日期，通常需要做簡單的計算。2.解題方法：（1）跳讀查找法：這個方法的要點在于先看題干，帶著問題讀文章。以what,who,where,when,why,how提問的問題，可以從文章中直接找到答案。做這類題時可以邊讀邊做記號，能加強閱讀的針對性，提高做題的準確率，節(jié)省寶貴的時間。（2）排除法：排序題也屬于細節(jié)理解題的一種題型，它通常出現(xiàn)在說明文中。這類文章有明顯的信息詞，如first,tobeginwith,afterthat,afterwards,later,next,second,third,then,finally等。按照信息詞的提示閱讀，可以加快理解的進程。在做細節(jié)排序題時，首先要確定首或尾的答案，通常四個選項中會有兩個選項的順序類似，正確答案往往在這兩個選項中選擇。我們只需找到兩者的不同之處，回到原文，進行核對，一旦確定，后面的排序就不用再比較了。（3）簡單計算法：數(shù)字計算題也是細節(jié)理解題的一種，要求對文章中提到的數(shù)據(jù)進行簡單的加減乘除運算，以便得出符合題目要求的數(shù)據(jù)。解答這類題目時，首先要弄清題干的要求是什么，然后找到與它相關的數(shù)字，再對它們進行分析、整合，最后計算出正確答案。二、推理判斷題1.題型特點：這種題型要求考生盡量考慮文章中全部信息和事實，在通篇理解文章的基礎上，嚴格按照作者提供的信息推斷出作者的言外之意。2.解題思路：推理和判斷兩者密不可分。推理是為了判斷，判斷依賴于推理。推理判斷題要求根據(jù)原文，經(jīng)過推理，進行判斷，從而得出結論，所以推理判斷題的答案不能在文中直接找出。但是，推理中考總復習x時務必要忠實于原文，在文章中尋找可推論的依據(jù)，切忌妄加評論，把自己的觀點當成作者的觀點。3.正確選項的特點：（1）正確答案一般含義比較豐富，具有一定的綜合性和概括性；（2）正確答案的表述一般不會太絕對，而會用一些相對能夠留下一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,possibly,probably等；正確答案有的時候反而是與通過常識判斷得出的結論相反，要特別注意。4.干擾選項的特點：（1）只是原文的簡單復述，而非推斷出的結論；【事實重現(xiàn)（不是推理出來的）】（2）看似從原文推斷出來的結論，然而實際上與原文不符；【偷梁換柱】（3）雖然以文章提供的事實或內在邏輯為推理依據(jù)，但推理過頭、概括過度；【以偏概全】（4）有部分選項的內容純屬編造?！緹o中生有】三、詞義（組）猜測1.考生應該緊扣原文，根據(jù)上下文的語境進行合理判斷，既不要望文生義，也不要斷章取義，更不能只選擇自己認識或熟悉的意思。干擾項出現(xiàn)的錯誤選項一般多是學生比較熟悉、想當然的詞典意義，或者適應學生習慣的漢語思維方式；而正確的含義往往不只是詞典上的，而是要通過上下文內容的提示才能確定的。2.解這類題時應注意以下幾點：（1）注意一些過渡詞語，如thatis,thisis,inotherwords等，它們直接引出了同義解釋；（2）注意連接詞及被猜測的詞前后的因果、讓步、遞進、轉折、列舉及承上啟下等各種連接上下文的特殊功能。（3）注意同義詞、近義詞、反義詞、定語從句，以及相似或相反的結構等。（4）對于句中首字母或全部是大寫的單詞，應該猜出可能是專有名詞（人名、地名、組織等），因此拼讀有時是最合適的方法。四、主旨（段落）大意題及標題歸納題1.題型特點：解答這類題時，不能只憑文中的只言片語而斷章取義。在涉及文章的主題（mainidea)、結論（conclusion)、結局（ending)等有關問題時，需要在細讀全文的基礎上，結合所學語言知識、背景知識、生活常識等進行邏輯推理和判斷，從而挖掘出文章中隱含的信息。2.解題技巧：（1）看文章首尾和各段開頭找出主題句，或通過瀏覽全文，抓住關鍵字眼，把握主旨。（2）通過分析篇章結構找出每一小段的主題句，然后通過尋找共同點，找出整個文章的主題句。（3）標題歸納題型也屬于主旨大意題，文章的標題具有概括性的特點，故所選的標題應在最大程度上覆蓋全文，囊括文章的主要內容，體現(xiàn)文章的主題，切忌所選標題以偏概全。（4）這類題目需要對文章有整體性的把握，建議最后做。期末真題練練手期末真題練練手2020-2021學年廣東省廣州市越秀區(qū)七年級（下）期末英語試卷三、閱讀（共兩節(jié)20小題,滿分30分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共4小題；每小題8分,滿分30分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D項中。AThereoncewasalittleboywhohadabadtemper(脾氣).Hisfathergavehimabagofnails(釘子)andtoldhimthateverytimehelosthistemper,hemusthammeranailintothewall.Thefirstdaytheboyknocked17nailsintothewall.Thenheknockedtwofewernewonesthenextday.Overthenextfewweeks,whenhelearnedtocontrolhisanger,thenumberofnailsheknockedintothewallreduced.Hefounditwaseasiertoholdhistemperthantoknockthosenailsintothewall.Intheend,thedaycamewhentheboydidn’tlosehistemperatall.Hetoldhisfatheraboutitandthefatheraskedtheboytopulloutonenailforeachdaythathewasabletoholdhistemper.Thedayspassedandtheyoungboywasatlastabletotellhisfatherthathepulledallthenailsout.Thefathertookhissonbythehandandledhimtothewall.Hesaid,“Welldone,butlookattheholesinthewall.Thewallwillneverbethesame.Whenyousaythingsinanger,youhurtapersonwithyourwords.Nomatterhowmanytimesyousaysorry,thehurtisstillthereinhisheart.”Thelittleboythenunderstoodhowpowerfulhiswordswere.Helookedupathisfatherandsaid,“IamreallysorryfortheholesIputinyouandothers.”41.Theunderlinedword“reduced”inParagraph2meansgetting________.A.better B.worse C.larger D.smaller42.Whatdidthefatherasktheboytodowhenhelosthistemper?A.Tostopbeingangryatonce. B.Toknockanailintothewall.C.Tolookattheholesinthewall. D.Topullanailoutfromthewall.43.Howmanytimesdidtheboylosehistemperonthesecondday?A.2. B.15. C.17. D.19.44.Accordingtothestory,wecantellthatthefatheris________.A.smart B.strict C.proud D.polite45.Whatdoesthestorywanttotellus?A.Nailsareveryusefulforcontrollingone’stemper.B.Knockingnailsandpullingnailsouttakealongtime.C.Sayingthingsinangerislikeknockingnailsintoothers’heart.D.Knockingnailsaremoredifficultthancontrollingone’stemper.【答案】41.A42.B43.B44.A45.CBItisoftensaidthatdogsare“man’sbestfriends”.ButforsomechildreninChina,thisideahasdeepermeanings.WuQi,adogtrainerinShanghai,startedthePawforHeal(PFH)programinChinaabouteightyearsago.Theprogramtrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed.Theseanimalshelpelderlypeoplefeelrelaxed.Theyalsohelppeoplewithmental(精神的)illnesses.InShanghai,thedogshavebeentrainedtohelpkidswithautism(自閉癥).Theyareeasilyscaredbytheirenvironments.ButwhenthePFHdogsarearound,theyfeelmuchsafer.Petownerscantraintheirpetstobepartoftheprogram.Althoughthistrainingisdifficult(only20%ofdogsenduppassingtheprogram),italsohelpsalotofpeople.“She(mydog)makesmehappyeveryday,andIthinkshecanbringhappinesstootherpeopleinneedaswell,”petownerWangRuisaidinareport.TheprogramisnewtoChina,butWuhashighhopesforthefuture,asheisnowworkingtogetherwithaScottishuniversitytoimprovehisprogram.“ThroughlearningfromtheEuropeanteam,Chinamayshortenthetimetocatchupwithothercountriesinthisfield.”46.WhatdoesthePFHprogramdo?A.Ithelpssickdogs. B.Ittrainspetowners.C.Ittrainsdogstohelppeopleinneed. D.Ittakescareofoldpeopleandchildren.47.Accordingtothepassage,whocangethelpfromthePFHprogram?A.Adogtrainer.B.Adoglover.C.Agirlwithautism.D.Aladywholostherwallet.48.Fromthepassage,whatcanweknowaboutthePFHprogram?A.Petownershavetogiveuptheirdogs. B.Dogscanpassitstrainingprogrameasily.C.Dogscanbeclevereraftergettingtraining. D.Itisanewandgrowingprograminourcountry.49.WhatdoesWuQithinkofthefutureofthePFHprogram?A.Ithasnowaytogo. B.Ithasabrightfuture.C.Itfacesalotofdifficulties. D.Itneedsmorepeoplejoiningin.50.What’sthebesttitleofthearticle?A.FriendlyDogs. B.DogsSavingPeople. C.DogsCheeringYouup. D.DogsTraining.【答案】46.C47.C48.D49.B50.CCLifeislikeacompetition.Allpeoplearedifferentandhowwellyoucandosomethingisdifferenttoothers.Somekidscandosomethingfasterorbetterthanotherkids.Thismeansthereare“winners”and“l(fā)osers”,andlotsofpeoplearenotwinnersorlosersbutin-between.Youcanchoosetobeagoodwinneroranevenbetterloser.Beinga“good”winnerNoonelikesapersonwhoalwaystellsotherswhatheisgoodat.Noonelikessomeonewhotakesallthepraise(贊揚)fortheeffortsofateam.Noonelikesthemanwhoalwaysputsothersdowntomakehimselflookgood.Tobeagoodwinneryouneedto:◆Thankthosewhohelpedyoufortheirefforts.◆Keeptryingtoimproveyourskills.◆Thinkaboutwhatyoushoulddonext.BeinganevenbetterloserOfcourse,it’ssadtolose,especiallyifyouareclosetowinning.Beingangryorimpolitetootherswon’tchangethefinalresultandwillonlymakeyoulookworse.AndnoonelikesitTobeanevenbetterloseryouneedto:◆Bepolite,niceandkind.◆Congratulatetheotherteam.◆Keepanynegative(消極的)thoughttoyourself-atleastuntilyouareawayfromthegame.It’sOKtoletoutyournegativethoughtstoyourbestfriendorparentslater.Andifyoudon’tdoverywellinagame,tryhardertolearnforthenextone.Improvingyourselfmakesyouawinnertoo.51.Whatdoesthewriterwanttotellusinparagraph1?A.Itisimportanttowin. B.Youareawinnerorloser.C.Beingslowmeansyouarealoser. D.Winningorlosingisnottheendofagame.52.Accordingtothepassage,whatshouldwedoafterwiningandlosing?A.Saythankyoutoothers. B.Trytoimproveourselves.C.Bepolitetotheotherteam. D.Keepnegativethoughtstoourselves.53.Whichofthefollowingwillthewritermostprobablyagreewith?A.Agoodlosermakesagoodwinner.B.Winningwon’tcometousifwedon’tgotoit.C.Nothingisdifficulttothemanwhowantstowin.D.Winningstartswithpracticeandlosingendswithit.54.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Tohelppeoplewintheircompetition.B.Totellpeopletheimportanceofwinningandlosing.C.Toaskpeopletofacewinningorlosinginarightway.D.Toletpeopleunderstandthemeaningofwinningandlosing.55.Wherecanwefindthisarticle?A.Inanovel. B.Inastorybook. C.Inamagazine. D.Inasafetybook.【答案】51.D52.B53.A54.C55.C2020-2021學年廣東省廣州市海珠區(qū)七年級（下）期末英語試卷三、閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分27分）第一節(jié)閱讀理解（共11小題；每小題2分，滿分22分）閱讀下列短文，從26~36各題所給的A、B、C和D項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。(A)ThinkofChinaandyou’llprobablythinkofhugecities.Butthecountryisalsohometoseveralcharmingsmallplaces.Let’sexploresomeofthem.TongliTongliisoneofJiangsu’scharmingwatertowns.Surroundedbyfivelakes,Tongliismadeupofsevenislandswith49bridgestogether.Sitonagondolaandseetheprettytownfromthewater,butmakesuretostopoffattheTuisiYuantoenjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.ThesewereaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000.YangshuoYangshuoisatourist-friendlytownonthebanksoftheLiRiverinGuangxi.ItsmodernrestaurantsandstoresaremostlyinWestStreet,anditsoldestbuildingismorethan1,400yearsold.Amongthem,visitorswillfindplentyoftraditionalbuildingsandplaces.EnjoysomeslowtravelandcatchaboatdowntheLiRiverfromGuilin.It’ssurelythemostenjoyablewaytoarriveinYangshuo.GulangyuIslandAsasmallislandnearXiamen,GulangyuisfamousforitsbeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.HometoChina’sonlyPianoMuseum,thetown’sothermust-seelocalsightsincludethebeautifulShuzhuangGarden.Atthesametime,youcanclimbupSunlightRockandenjoytheviewsoverthewholeisland.HongcunHongcun,anancientAnhuivillage,liesinthefoothillsofHuangshanMountain.ItishometosomeofChina’sfinestbuildingsoftheMingandQingDynasties,andtheOscar-winningfilmCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonwasoncefilmedinthevillage.ThevillagewithneighboringXidi,waslistedasaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitein2000.ThelocalsightsincludeChengziHall,alargehomebuiltin1855,andnowactsasamuseum,whichisopentovisitors.26.Howmanycharmingplacesarementionedinthispassage?A.Three. B.Four. C.Two. D.One.27.Peoplecanenjoythescenesof________intheOscar-winningfilm.A.GulangyuIsland B.Tongli C.Yangshuo D.Hongcun28.WhichofthefollowingplacesareaddedtotheUNESCOWorldHeritageListin2000?A.HongcunandTongli. B.YangshuoandTongli.C.GulangyuIslandandYangshuo. D.GulangyuIslandandTongli.29.WhatcanyoudoifyouvisitGulangyuIsland?①VisitPianoMuseum.②VisitChengziHall.③HaveamealinWestStreet.④EnjoytheClassicalGardensofSuzhou.⑤EnjoythebeautifulVictorian-stylebuildings.⑥EnjoytheviewsoverthewholeislandonSunlightRock.A.①③⑥ B.②④⑤ C.①③⑤ D.①⑤⑥【答案】26.B27.D28.A29.D(B)Treesproduceoxygenforalllivingthings.Treeshelptocleantheair,soilandwater,makingtheEarthabeautifullivableplace.It’stimetosavetreesandprotectforests.SavingtreesaroundyouEverytownandcityhaslawsaboutprotectingtrees,andtellpeoplewhichtreespeciesneedprotectingandwhenandhowit’sOKtocutdowntrees.Insomeareas,rareorverybeneficialtreesareprotectedbylaw.Knowingthelawsinyourareawillhelpyoubetterprotectthetreesthere.TakepartintreeplantationAsimportantasitistoprotectgrown-uptrees,it’salsonecessarytothinkaheadandplantnewtrees.Theywillfinallygettallenoughtocleantheairandhelpkeeptemperaturescool.Manytownsandcitieshaveorganizationsworkingtoplanttrees.Ifyourtownorcitydoesn’thaveanorganizationlikethat,whynotstartoneyourself?Treebytree,youcanmakeadifference.ReducepaperuseIt’simportanttostartseeingtheconnectionbetweenthetreesyouloveandtheproductsyouuse.Ifyou’recrazyaboutsavingtrees,lookforwaystousefewerpaperproductsinyourdailylife:●Useclothtowelsinsteadofpapertowels.It’sasimplechangethatcanreducealotofunnecessarywaste.●Usereusablecontainersinsteadofpaperlunchbags.●Ifyoumustuseapaperproduct,alwaysbuytherecycledone.Choosethepaperlesswaysforbills.Thissimplechangewillmakeyourlifebetterandreducethenumberofdeadtrees.30Whatdoestheunderlineword“They”inparagraph3refertointhepassage?A.Grown-uptrees. B.Raretrees. C.Verybeneficialtrees. D.Newtrees.31.Whatisthecorrectwaytosavetrees?A.Choosingpaperbills. B.Usingrecycledpaperproducts.C.Nevercuttingdowntrees. D.Usingpaperlunchbags.32.Inwhichsectionofnewspaperwillyouprobablyreadthisarticle?A.Environment B.Education C.Fashion D.Travel33.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toaskpeopletosavetrees. B.Toaskpeopletoplantmoretrees.C.Toaskpeoplenottocutdowntrees. D.Toaskpeopletousefewerpaperproducts.【答案】30.D31.B32.A33.A(C)ChinesescientistYuanLongping,widelyknownfordevelopingthefirsthybridricestrain(雜交水稻品種),diedofillnessonSaturday,May22,2021.ThetopricescientistinChinapassedawayinahospitalinChangsha,capitalofHunanProvince,atabout1p.m.,accordingtothenewsreport.Havingspentoverfiftyyearsinhybridriceresearch,YuanLongpinghashelpedChinaworkagreatwonder—feedingnearlyone-fifthoftheworld’spopulationwithlessthan9percentoftheworld’stotalland.BorninBeijingin1930,Yuansucceededingrowingtheworld’sfirsthybridricestrainin1973.ItwaslatergrownonalargescaleinChinaandothercountriestogreatlyincreaseproduction,anditpulledcountlesspeopleoutofhunger.Forthenextfortyyears,hecontinuedtoresearchandupgradehybridrice,whichhasreacheditsthirdgeneration.Untilearlythisyear,hehadbeendoingresearchinHainan.Yuanoncesaidhehadtwodreams—to“enjoythecoolunderthericecropstallerthanmen”andthathybridri