廈門(mén)大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷13

廈門(mén)大學(xué)考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷13

一、詞匯（本題共30題，每題7.0分，共30分。）

1、Thechildwassoingenuousthatevenwhensheknockedthetelevisionoffitsstandso

thatitwasirreparablydamaged,herparentsthoughthertobecharming.

A、intelligent

B>ingenious

C、adroit

D、naive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題中，ingenuous的意思是“坦白的，直率的"。D項(xiàng)naive“天真的”

符合題意,其他三項(xiàng)intelligent“聰明的"，ingenious“機(jī)靈的"，adroit“敏捷的"都不

正確。

2、Readingbecamedifficultfortheoldlady,sotheopticianherapairofglasses

tomakeherreadingpossible.

A^proscribed

B、inscribed

C^prescribed

D^described

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題空格處是說(shuō)眼鏡商為這位年老的女士配了一副眼鏡。

prescribe”規(guī)定，開(kāi)（藥）'符合題意，如：Thedoctorprescribedradiotherapyfor

him.（醫(yī)生要他做放射治療。）其他三項(xiàng)proscribe"禁止”，inscribe“記卜”，

describe“描述，形容''都不正確。

3、Formanypeople,overeatingandoverspendingarcastoChristmasascandles

andholly.

A、integral

B、suitable

C、inevitable

D、compatible

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題中，A項(xiàng)integral”整體的，組成的，必備的''符合題意，如：

Steelisanintegralpartofamodernskyscraper.（鋼鐵是現(xiàn)代摩天大廈的主干。）其他

三項(xiàng)suitable”適當(dāng)?shù)模嗯涞?，inevitable”不可避免的"，compatible”協(xié)調(diào)的"都不

正確。

4、ThousandsofpeoplefromGreeceeveryyeartoworkinWestGermany.

A^emigrate

B、leave

C、abandon

D、immigrate

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:emigrate遷居（外國(guó)）；leave離開(kāi);abandon放棄；immigrate移入c

5、Theconversationwassointerestingthatwewereofthelatenessofthehour.

A、generous

credulous

C^gorgeous

D、oblivious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（oblivious忘卻的）。句意為：談話很有趣，以致于我們忘記時(shí)間已經(jīng)

很晚了。A.generous慷慨的；B.credulous輕信的；D.gorgeous豪華的。

6、Wewerefrightenedbytheofthecrowd.

A、hospitality

B、honesty

C、humanity

D、hostility

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：hospitality好客，盛情；honesiy誠(chéng)實(shí)；humanity仁慈；hoslilily敵意

7、Sincetheearlynineties,thetrendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-

demand,always-availableproductsandsenicesthatsuitthecustomer'sratherthan

thecompany's.

A、benefit

B、availability

C、suitability

D、convenience

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：suitsb."convenience是常見(jiàn)用法，表示“照顧某人的方便因此，

答案為D。

8、Whataboutthatarticleinthenewspaperwasthatitswritershowedan

attitudecoolenough,professionalenoughand,therefore,cruelenoughwhenfacingthat

disaster-strickenfamily.

A、workedmeout

B、knockedmeout

C、broughtmeup

D、putmeforward

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：knock...out在這里表示“使…震驚”，符合題意。其他短語(yǔ)的意

思分別是：workout算出，解決；bringup教育，培養(yǎng)；putforward提出，推舉。

9、Ourcorporation'sobligationunderthisislimitedtorepairorreplacement.

A、warranty

B、license

C、market

D^necessity

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A項(xiàng)warranty意為“保證書(shū)”；B項(xiàng)license意為“執(zhí)照”；C項(xiàng)market意

為“市場(chǎng)”；D項(xiàng)necessity意為“必需品

10、Aftertheconcert,theclean-upcrewfoundthegroundwithpapers,bottlesand

cans.

A、scrubbed

used

C、littered

D、dispersed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是scrubbed"擦凈，拭去”；used“使用，利用”；

littered”亂丟，亂扔，使……到處都是（常與with連用,常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）句意是,

音樂(lè)會(huì)結(jié)束后，清潔工作人員發(fā)現(xiàn)地上到處都是紙屑和瓶罐等垃圾。根據(jù)句子意思

推出正確答案是C選項(xiàng)。

11、Inhistofurtherknowledgeoftheuniverse,manhasnowbeguntoexplore

space.

A、attempt

B、expedition

C>trial

D、chase

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:chase追求，追趕;attempt努力,嘗試;expedition遠(yuǎn)征，探險(xiǎn)；trial

試驗(yàn)。

12^Thelocalauthoritiesseemedtofortheaccidenttakingplacelastweek.

A、share

B、take

C、criticize

D、blame

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：share”均分,共有，分享”；takefor”認(rèn)為，以為”;

criticize”批評(píng)，責(zé)備"；blame”責(zé)備,譴責(zé)”。空格處的意思是:應(yīng)對(duì)發(fā)生的事故受

到譴責(zé)。

13、Thepolicetoemergenciesinjustafewminuteswhentheaccidenthappened.

A、responded

B>replied

C、adjusted

D^appealed

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：各項(xiàng)的意思是：respond(to)”回答,響應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng)”；reply”回?fù)?反

響,回答“；adjust"調(diào)整，使適應(yīng)于，校準(zhǔn)"；appeal”求助,訴請(qǐng)，要求”?？崭裉?/p>

的意思是：對(duì)緊急事件做出反應(yīng)。

14、BecauseofthecurrencyappreciationofRMB,manypeopledollaragainst

RMB.

A、ranover

B、ranon

Cxranthrough

D、ranoff

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

15、Haven'tItoldyouIdon'twantyoukeepingwiththoseawfulriding-about

bicycleboys.?

A、company

B、acquaintance

C、friends

D、place

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：keepcompanywithsomeone是慣用法，表示“與某人為伴、交往”,用

在此，句子的意思是“我不是告訴過(guò)你，我不想讓你和那些騎著自行車(chē)到處跑的討

厭的男孩們來(lái)往嗎?”再例如：Neverkeepcompanyvzithdishonestpersons.(永遠(yuǎn)不

要與不誠(chéng)實(shí)的人交往。［keepfriendswithsomebody意為“與某人保持友好關(guān)系''，此

處不如keepcompanywithsomebody意義確切；acquaintance指“人際關(guān)系”，常用于

makesomebody'sacquaintance結(jié)構(gòu)中，意為“初次結(jié)識(shí)某人"；place可以用于keepa

placeforsomeone,意為“為某人占位子

16、Whathehadinmindtonothinglessthanatotalreversalofthetraditional

roleoftheexecutive.

A^contributed

B、dedicated

C、amounted

D^added

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：amoumio等于或相當(dāng)于，句意為“他腦子里想的無(wú)非是一種與傳統(tǒng)執(zhí)

政者完全相悖的角色contributeto促使發(fā)生;dedicateto將（時(shí)間、精力等）奉

獻(xiàn)給（工作或事業(yè)）；add...to…使……增添……。

17、Whenhearrived,hefoundtheagedandthesickathome.

A^nonebut

B>noneotherthan

C^nothingbut

D^nootherthan

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：nonebut和nothingbut意義相同，都作only講，但用法不同，none

but修飾人,而nothingbut多半修飾事物。

18、Acompleteinvestigationintothecausesoftheaccidentshouldleadtoimproved

standardsandshouldnewoperatingprocedures.

Axresultin

B、matchwith

C、subjectto

D、proceedwith

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，A項(xiàng)resultin的意思是“導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是"，B項(xiàng)

matchwith的意思是“相配；結(jié)合（成為夫婦）“，C項(xiàng)subjectto的意思是“容易遭受；

受……管制”，D項(xiàng)proceedwith的意思是“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行”。

19、CoachGreenallowedJohntojointhebasketballteamalthough,,hewasnot

tallenough.

A^economically

B>technically

C^methodically

D、intellectually

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

20、Theofaculturalphenomenonisusuallyalogicalconsequenceofsome

physicalaspectinthelifestyleofthepeople.

A、implementation

B、manifestation

C、demonstration

D、expedition

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：manifestation表現(xiàn)；implementation實(shí)施，實(shí)現(xiàn)，執(zhí)行；demonstration

示威游行；表演；expedition遠(yuǎn)征；探險(xiǎn)。句意:一種文化現(xiàn)象的具體表現(xiàn)形式，

通常是人們生活方式中某一物質(zhì)方面所產(chǎn)生的必然結(jié)果。

21、WhenGrahamdidn'tcomehomefromschool,wewereverywordedabouthim.But

fortunatelyhecametono.

A、injury

B、hurt

C、harm

D、damage

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題考查injury,hurt,hairn的辨析。haim損害，多指對(duì)肉體、精神

方面的傷害，也指對(duì)財(cái)物的+員害。come【。noharm為固定搭配，意為未遭不幸。

injury傷害，較正式，指意外事故對(duì)肉體的傷害，也可指對(duì)權(quán)利、價(jià)值、名聲、精

神等的損害。hurt傷害，多指有病感的肉體傷害。damage損壞，多用于指物（包括

抽象事物），指部分地?fù)p壞某一事物，使其不能正常發(fā)揮作用。句意：當(dāng)格萊漢姆

沒(méi)從學(xué)?；丶視r(shí)，我們很擔(dān)心他，但幸運(yùn)的是他沒(méi)出什么事。

22、Anewbabyandanewjobcanbeequally.

A、tremendous

B、intensive

C、demanding

D、overwhelming

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C項(xiàng)“demanding要求高的，需要技能的，很費(fèi)心的''符合題意。如：

exhaustedbyademandingjob（被一件勞神的工作弄得精疲力竭）。其他三項(xiàng)“A項(xiàng)

tremendous巨大的;B項(xiàng)intensive集中的，加強(qiáng)的;D項(xiàng)overwhelming巨大的,勢(shì)

不可擋的''都不正確。本題意為“照顧新生嬰兒和從事新工作一樣費(fèi)心費(fèi)力:因此

C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

23Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakesoveralltheotherissues.

A^precedence

B、prosperity

C^presumption

D^probability

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

24、ThesepeopleactivelytrytowhattheybelievetobebadEnglishand

assiduouslycultivatewhattheyhopetobegoodEnglish.

A、suppress

B>regress

C^enhance

D、revive

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

25、Clarkfeltthathisinoneofthemostdramaticmedicalexperimentsofall

timewasworththesufferingheunderwent.

A、presentation

B、panicipation

C、apprehension

D^appreciation

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：（participalion參與）。句意為：克拉克覺(jué)得他參加了一次有史以來(lái)最為

激動(dòng)人心的醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，也經(jīng)歷的痛苦是值得的。A.preseniation展示，描述；

C.apprehension理解，領(lǐng)悟；D.appreciation欣賞。

26、Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinfixedsequenceandataconstant

age,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoturnsouttobe

ofhighIQ.

A、eventually

B、automatically

C^decidedly

D、inversely

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：evenlually最后，終于；automatically自動(dòng)地；decidedly斷然地；明

確地；inversely相反地；倒轉(zhuǎn)地。

27、Nxeledenouncedsorcery,adultery,,incest,extortion,andmurder;hewould

noteatpreparedfood,whichhesaidwasunclean,andstoppeddrinkingmilk.

A、monogamy

B、monologue

C、polygamy

D^polygene

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C項(xiàng)polygamy意為“一夫多妻，一妻多夫"，根據(jù)空格處的意思

“Nxele譴責(zé)巫術(shù)、通奸、多配偶、亂倫、勒索和謀殺”，故選C。A項(xiàng)

monogamy44一夫一妻制”；B項(xiàng)monologue“獨(dú)白，獨(dú)角戲''；D項(xiàng)polygene”多基

因“，均不符合題意。

28、AlthoughAsiancountriesaregenerallymoreinsocialcustomsthanwestern

countries,therehavebeenseveralnotableexamplesofwomenleadersinbothChinaand

India.

A、comprehensible

B、conspicuous

C、conservative

D、conscientious

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：comprehensible可理解的；conspicuous明顯的，顯著的；conservative

保守的，傳統(tǒng)的；conscieniious誠(chéng)實(shí)的;認(rèn)真的。

29>Untiltheconstitutionis,thepowertoappointministerswillremainwiththe

president.

A、corrected

amended

C、remedied

D、revised

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句子大意為：任命部長(zhǎng)的權(quán)利將一直屬于總統(tǒng)，除非憲法修改。本題

考查近義詞辨析。在給出的選項(xiàng)中：correct“改正"；amend“修正”，可與表示法案

的詞搭配；remedy“糾正"；revise“修改”。所以，正確答案是B。

30、Thousandsofatthestadiumcametotheirfeettopaytributetoanoutstanding

performance.

A、audience

participants

C、spectators

D、observers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：audience和spectator均指觀眾，但有區(qū)別。前者多用于對(duì)演講類(lèi)表演

的觀看；后者則多用于表示觀看節(jié)目和運(yùn)動(dòng)類(lèi)事件。

二、閱讀理解（本題共724題，每題7.0分，共724

分。）

Whatdotheextraordinarilysuccessfulcompanieshaveincommon?Tofindout,we

lookedforcoiTelations.Weknowthatcorrelationsarenotalwaysreliable;nevertheless,

inthe27survivors,ourgroupsawfoursharedpersonalitytraitsthatcouldexplaintheir

longevity（長(zhǎng)壽）.Conservatisminfinancing.Thecompaniesdidnotrisktheircapital

gratuitously（無(wú)緣無(wú)故土也）.Theyunderstoodthemeaningofmoneyinanold-fashioned

way;theyknewtheusefulnessofsparecashinthekitty.Moneyinhandallowedthemto

snapup（抓住）optionswhentheircompetitorscouldnot.Theydidnothavetoconvince

third-partyfinanciersoftheattractivenessofopportunitiestheywantedtopursue.Money

inthekittyallowedthemtogoverntheirgrowthandevolution.Sensitivitytotheworld

aroundthem.Whethertheyhadbuilttheirfortunesonknowledgeoronnaturalresources,

thelivingcompaniesinourstudywereabletoadaptthemselvestochangesintheworld

aroundthem.Aswars,depressions,technologies,andpoliticssurgedandebbed（潮起潮

落）,theyalwaysseemedtoexcelatkeepingtheirfeelersout,stayingattunedtowhatever

wasgoingon.Forinformation,theysometimesreliedonpacketscarriedovervast

distancesbyportageandship,yettheymanagedtoreactinatimelyfashiontowhatever

newstheyreceived.Theyweregoodatlearningandadapting.Awarenessoftheir

identity.Nomatterhowbroadlydiversifiedthecompanieswere,theiremployeesallfelt

likepartsofawhole,lordCole,chairmanofinthe1960s,forexample,sawthecompany

asafleetofships.Eachshipwasindependent,butthewholefleetwasgreaterthanthe

sumofitsparts.Thefeelingofbelongingtoanorganizationandidentifyingwithits

achievementsisoftendismissedassoft.Butcasehistoriesrepeatedlyshowthatasenseof

communityisessentialforlong-termsurvival.Managersinthelivingcompanieswe

studiedwerechosenmostlyfromwithin,andallconsideredthemselvestobestewardsof

alongstandingenterprise.Theirtopprioritywaskeepingtheinstitutionatleastashealthy

asithadbeenwhentheytookover.Toleranceofnewideas.Thelong-livedcompaniesin

ourstudytoleratedactivitiesinthemargin:experimentsandeccentricitiesthatstretched

theirunderstanding.Theyrecognizedthatnewbusinessesmaybeentirelyunrelatedio

existingbusinessesandthattheactofstartingabusinessneedtobecentrallycontrolled.

W.R.Grace,fromitsverybeginning,encouragedautonomousexperimentation.The

companywasfoundedin1854byanIrishimmigrantinPeruandtradedinguano,a

naturalfertilizer,beforeitmovedintosugarandtin.Eventually,thecompanyestablished

PanAmericanAirways.Todayitisprimarilyachemicalcompany,althoughitisalsothe

leadingproviderofkidneydialysis（透折）servicesintheUnitedStates.Bydefinition,a

companythatsurvivesformorethanacenturyexistsinaworlditcannothopetocontrol.

Multinationalcompaniesaresimilartothelong-survivingcompaniesofourstudyinthat

way.Theworldofamultinationalisverylargeandstretchesacrossmanycultures.That

worldisinherentlylessstableandmoredifficulttoinfluencethanaconfinednational

habitat.Multinationalsmustbewillingtochangeinordertosucceed.Thesefourtraits

formtheessentialcharacterofcompaniesthathavefunctionedsuccessfullyforhundreds

ofyears.Giventhisbasicpersonality,whatprioritiesdothemanagersofliving

companiessetforthemselvesandtheiremployees?

31、Whichofthefollowingdocsnotbelongtoconservatisminfinancing?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A項(xiàng)的意思是“一個(gè)人口袋里存不住錢(qián)”，當(dāng)然與原文不符；B選項(xiàng)的

意思是“錢(qián)不會(huì)長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上“，C選項(xiàng)意思是“錢(qián)要好好地花”，D選項(xiàng)意思是“錢(qián)能生

錢(qián)”都與原文意思一致。

32>Thelongevityofsuccessfulcompaniesisdeterminedby.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由第三段可以得到答案。

33、Awarenessoftheiridentitymeans.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第四段講述的就是Awarenessofiheiridentity,從“Butcase

historiesrepeatedlyshowthatasenseofcommunityisessentialforlong-term

survival.”這句話可以得到答案。

34、W.R.Graceistypicallong-livedcompanythathasnmthefollowingbusinessexcept

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A、R、C都是W.R.Grace曾經(jīng)或正在經(jīng)營(yíng)的項(xiàng)目，文章說(shuō)

W.R.Grace曾經(jīng)創(chuàng)立航空公司，但并非經(jīng)營(yíng)飛機(jī)。

35Inwhatwayaremultinationalcompaniessimilartothelong-survivingcompanies

studied?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章倒數(shù)第二段講述的就是跨國(guó)公司的生存之道，段落最后一句話

^Multinationalsmustbewillingtochangeinordertosucceed.”就是這段內(nèi)容的一個(gè)

小結(jié)，意思是跨國(guó)公司要想成功就必須學(xué)會(huì)變通。

Onereactiontoalltheconcernabouttropicaldeforestationisablankstarethatasksthe

question,"SinceIdon'tliveinthetropics,whatdoesithavetodowithme?"Theanswer

isthatyourwayoflife,whereveryouliveintheworld,istiedtothetropicsinmany

ways.Ifyouliveinahouse,washyourhair,eatfruitandvegetables,drinksoda,ordrive

acar,youcanbecertaintliatyouareaffectedbythelossoftropicalforests.Biologically,

wearelosingtherichestregionsonearthwhen,eachminute,apieceoftropicalforestthe

sizeoftencityblocksvanishes.Asmanyasfivemillionspeciesofplants,animalsand

insects,40to50percentofalllivingthings,livethere,andarebeingirrevocablylost

fasterthantheycanbefoundanddescribed.Theirlossisincalculable.Takemedicine,lor

example.Fewerthanonepercentoftropicalforestplantshavebeenexaminedfortheir

chemicalcompounds.Nonetheless,scientistshaveintegratedawealthofimportantplants

intooureverydaylives.TheWestAfricancalabarbeanisusedtotreatglaucoma,while

thesankerfootplantofIndiayieldsreserpine,essentialfortreatinghypertension.AWest

Africanvineprovidesthebasisforstrophanthus,aheartmedicine.Quinine,analkaloid

derivedfromboilingthebarkofthecinchonatree,isusedtopreventandtreatmalaria.

Derivativesfromtherosyperiwinkleoffera99percentchanceofremissionforvictims

oflymphocytieleukemia,aswellasa59percentchanceofrecoveryfromHodgkin's

disease.Infact,ofthe3,000plantspeciesintheworldknowntocontainanti-cancer

properties,2,100atefromthetropicalrainforest.Thenthereisrubber.Formanyuses,

onlynaturalrubberfromtreeswilldo,syntheticsarenotgoodenough.Today,overhalf

oftheworld'scommercialrubberisproducedinMalaysiaandIndonesia,whilethe

Amazon1srubberindustryproducesmuchoftheworld'sfourmilliontons.Adding

ammoniatorubberproduceslatexwhichisusedforsurgicalgloves,balloons,adhesives,

andfoamrubber.Latex,plusaweakmixtureofacidresultsinsheetrubberusedfor

footwearandmanysportinggoods.Literallythousandsoftropicalplantsarevaluablefor

theirindustrialuses.Manyprovidefiberandcanesforfurniture,soundproofingand

insulation.Palmoil,aproductoftiletropics,bringstoyourtablemargarine,cookingoil,

bakeryproducts,andcandles.Palmnutoil,fromtheseedkernelinsidethefruit,isfound

insoap,candles,andmayonnaise.ThesapfromAmazoniancopaibatrees,poured

straightintoafueltank,canpoweratruck.Atpresent,20percentofBrazil'sdieselfuel

comesfromthistree.Anexpandeduseofthismightreduceourdependencyon

irreplaceablefossilfuels.Manyscientistsassertthatdeforestationcontributestothe

greenhouseeffect,theheatingoftheearthfromincreasedcarbondioxideinthe

atmosphere.Aswedestroyforests,welosetheirabilitytoconvertcarbondioxideinto

oxygen.Carbondioxidelevelscoulddoublewithinthenexthalf-century,warmingthe

earthbyasmuchas4.5degrees.Theresult.'?Apartialmelt-downofthepolaricecaps,

raisingsealevelsasmuchas24feet.Ariseof15feetwouldthreatenanyoneliving

within35milesofthecoast.Far-fetched?Perhaps,butscientistswarnthatbythetimewe

realizethesevereeffectsoftropicaldeforestation,itwillbe20yearstoolate.Can

tropicaldeforestationaffectoureverydaylives?Weonlyhavetolookatthecatalogued

tropicalforestsandtheabundanceofwondrousproductsfromwhichwebenefitevery

daytoknowtheanswer.Afterall,thenextdiscoverycouldbeacureforcancerorthe

commoncold,ortheanswertofeedingthehungry,orfuellingourworldforcenturiesto

come.

36、Accordingtotheinformationcontainedinthearticle,tropicaldeforestation.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中whereveryouliveintheworld,isliedtothetropicsinmanyways

可見(jiàn)它與人類(lèi)社會(huì)休戚相關(guān)，因此tropicaldeforestation可能會(huì)對(duì)人類(lèi)的生力造成不

好的影響。

37、Itcanbeinferredfromthearticlethatthemajortyoftropicalforests.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段提到Fewerthanonepercent...awealthofimportantplantsintoour

everydaylives,所以不難推測(cè)，這些熱帶雨林可能是治療致命的疾病和各種健康問(wèn)

題的良藥。

38、Whichstatementbestexpressesthemainideaofthearticle?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章全篇先是強(qiáng)調(diào)tropicalforests對(duì)人類(lèi)的價(jià)值，再講tropical

deforestation對(duì)人類(lèi)生活可能產(chǎn)生的影響。

39、WhichquestionisNOTansweredinthearticle?

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文中并未說(shuō)明人工合成橡膠的年總產(chǎn)量。

40、Ifthepercentageofcarbondioxideintheaircontinuestoincreaseatcurrent

rates.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章第三段提到了熱帶雨林減少可能帶來(lái)的危害，包括氣溫升高，

partialmeltdownofthepolaricecaps,raisingsealevels,這些將導(dǎo)致海岸邊35英里

的地方被海水淹沒(méi)。所以答案選D。

41、Baseduponthecontentofthearticle,itcanbeassumedthatthewriter.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章中作者闡述熱帶雨林對(duì)人類(lèi)的重要性，所以她應(yīng)該會(huì)積極地致力

于使世界各國(guó)政府都能注意到雨林問(wèn)題。

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderable

enlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshouses

andcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumancare

inhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.By

themid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly

1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriate

sufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.

Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthemental

healthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotect.patients

andothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichthe

rightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorld

WarII.Atthatlime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnesses

theretoforeconsideredunlreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulin

treatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,

andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.Improvements

weremadeandDr.DavidVail'sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.But

changeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRights

movementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica'sprisons,whichweredisproportionately

populatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthat

wereworsethantheprisonsthehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswere

filledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemand

theirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwith

peoplewhowereconsidered"crazy"andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplace

throughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.The

youngcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.The

lawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,

afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,they

werebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasbound

toshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients'rightsgroups

successfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.Judicialinterventions

havehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannot

providethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.The

detailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimeto

takefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceof

patientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealtyadministratorstowhomthemandate

wasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowrite

rulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentis

givenandpatientrightsarerespected.

42Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文的主要目的是從歷史的角度講述了美國(guó)精神健康護(hù)理的一些問(wèn)

題。本文概述了美國(guó)精神健康護(hù)理的歷史，所以正確B。

43、Theauthor'sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarcpatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbe

describedas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者對(duì)一些州立醫(yī)院病人的態(tài)度是理解與同情。作者在第一段后半部

分說(shuō),到了19世紀(jì)中期,有20個(gè)州建起了精神病院,但是在19世紀(jì)末和20世紀(jì)

初，由于面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，立法機(jī)關(guān)不能撥出足夠的資金用于較好的管理，精神病院

變得擁擠不堪，像監(jiān)獄一般。此外，病人對(duì)治療的抵觸情緒比精神健康領(lǐng)域的開(kāi)拓

者們預(yù)料的要嚴(yán)重得多。有安全和管束才能保護(hù)病人和其他的人。精神病院變成了

恐怖而又壓抑的地方，在這些地方，病人的權(quán)利幾乎被人遺忘。這說(shuō)明作者一方面

T解病人的境遇，另一方面對(duì)精神病人表示問(wèn)情。D（enthusiasticandsupportive熱

情和支持）不合適，因?yàn)樽髡卟皇遣∪说睦怖碴?duì)長(zhǎng)。

44、Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,hadtheCivilRightsmovementnot

promptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)短文可以推斷，如果民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)沒(méi)有引起對(duì)監(jiān)獄狀況的調(diào)查，精神

病院的狀況有可能逃避了司法檢查。作者在第二段說(shuō)，當(dāng)時(shí)民權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)致使律師們對(duì)

美國(guó)的監(jiān)獄進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，監(jiān)獄中居住的黑人分布不均，這些律師輪流跟蹤囚犯進(jìn)入

比監(jiān)獄還要糟糕的精神病院—供刑事活動(dòng)造成的精神病人住的醫(yī)院。正因?yàn)槁蓭?/p>

們對(duì)監(jiān)獄的狀況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，所以精神病院沒(méi)能夠逃避司法檢查。

45、Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者在最后一段末尾提出了一個(gè)具體的建議，他承認(rèn)，這個(gè)建議需要

付出努力才能夠?qū)嵤?。既然作者提出建議，他一定對(duì)其成功的可能性抱樂(lè)觀態(tài)度。

由于他承認(rèn)那是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)，我們也可以說(shuō)他謹(jǐn)慎。

46>Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychanged

becauseof.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：由于20世紀(jì)60年代有一些積極辦事的律師，精神病院的狀況有了很

大的改變。這一點(diǎn)從第二段后半部分可以看出來(lái)。

TheGreek'sloftyattitudetowardscientificresearchandthescientists'contemptofutility

wasalongtimedying.ForamillenniumafterArchimedes,thisseparationofmechanics

fromgeometryinhibitedfundamentaltechnologicalprogressandinsomeareasrepressed

italtogether.Buttherewasastillgreaterobstacletochangeuntiltheveryendofthe

middleages:theorganizationofsociety.Thesocialsystemoffixedclassrelationships

thatprevailedthroughtheMiddleAges(andinsomeareasmuchlonger)itselfhampered

improvement.Underthissystem,thelaboringmasses,inexchangeforthebare

necessitiesoflife,didalltheproductivework,whiletheprivilegedfew—priests,nobles,

andkings-concernedthemselvesonlywithownershipandmaintenanceoftheirown

position.Intheinterestoftheirprivilegestheydidachieveconsiderableprogressin

defense,inwarmaking,ingovernment,intrade,intheartsofleisure,andinthe

extractionoflaborfromtheirdependents,buttheyhadnofamiliaritywiththeprocessof

production.Ontheotherhand,thelaborers,whowerefamiliarwithmanufacturing

techniques,hadnoincentivetoimproveorincreaseproductiontotheadvantageoftheir

masters.Thus,withoneclasspossessingtherequisiteknowledgeaidexperience,but

lackingincentiveandleisure,andtheotherclasslackingtheknowledgeandexperience,

therewasnomeansbywhichtechnicalprogresscouldbeachieved.Thewholeancient

worldwasbuiltuponthisrelaiionship-arelationshipassterileasitwasinhuman.The

availabilityofslavesnullifiedtheneedformoreefficientmachinery.Inmanyofthe

commonplacefieldsofhumanendeavor,actualstagnationprevailedforthousandsof

years.NotalltheglorythatwasGreeceandthegrandeurthatwasRomecoulddevelop

thewindmillorcontrivesosimpleaninstrumentasthewheelbarrow-productsofthe

tenthandthirteenthcenturiesrespectively.Forabouttwenty-fivecenturies,two-thirdsof

thepowerofthehorsewaslostbecausehewasn'tshod,andmuchofthestrengthofthe

oxwaswastedbecausehisharnesswasn'tmodifiedtofithisshoulders.Formorethan

fivethousandyears,sailorswereconfinedtoriversandcoastsbyaprimitivesteering

mechanismwhichrequiredremarkablylittlealteration(inthethirteenthcentury)to

becomearudder.Withanyingenuityatall,theancientploughcouldhavebeenputon

wheelsandtheploughshareshapedtobiteandturnthesodinsteadofmerelyscratchingit

buttheingenuitywasn'tforthcoming.AndthevillageroftheMiddleAges,likethemen

whofirsthadfire,hadasmokeholeinthecenterofthestrawandreedthatchedroofof

hisone-roomdwelling(whichhesharedwithhisanimals),whilethemedievalcharcoal

burner(likehisStoneAgeancestor)madehimselfahutofsmallbranches.

47、Lackoftechnologicalprogressintheancientandmedievalworldswasprimarily

duetotheabsenceof.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

48、DuringtheMiddleAges,productivityoflabor.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

49、WemayinferthatachangeinclassrelationshipsafterthecloseoftheMiddleAges

producedgreaterproductivitybecause.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

50、Insupportinghiscontentionsabouttheancientworld,theauthorreliesmainlyon

illustrationsdrawnfrom.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析

Communitycancerclustersareviewedquitedifferentlybycitizenactiviststhanby

epidemiologists.Environmentalistsandconcernedlocalresidents,fbrinstance,might

immediatelysuspectenvironmentalradiationastheculpritwhenahighincidenceof

cancercasesoccursnearanuclearfacility.Epidemiologists,incontrast,wouldbemore

likelytosaythattheincidenceswere"inconclusive"ortheresultofpurechance.And

whenabreastcancersurvivor,LorrainePace,mapped20breastcancercasesoccurringin

herWestIslip,LongIsland,community,herrudimentaryresearcheffortswereguided

morebyhope-thataspecificenvironmentalagentcouldbecorrelatedwiththecancers

thanbyscientificmethod.Whenepidemiologistsstudyclustersofcancercasesandother

noncontagiousconditionssuchasbirthdefectsormiscarriage,theytakeseveralvariables

intoaccount,suchasbackgroundrate(thenumberofpeopleaffectedinthegeneral

population),clustersize,andspecificity(anynotablecharacter