《生物質顆粒的熱反應分析綜述》1500字

生物質顆粒的熱反應分析綜述針對不同的固相燃料，其熱解特性、燃燒特性及反應動力學參數(shù)等是研究陰燃傳播規(guī)律的基礎數(shù)據(jù)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Zaman</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>313</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[30]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>313</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">313</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>ZamanF</author><author>AkhtarN</author><author>GuanYP</author><author>HuangYQ</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>BeijingLaboratoryofBiomedicalMaterials,BeijingKeyLaboratoryofElectrochemicalProcessandTechnologyforMaterials,BeijingUniversityofChemicalTechnology,Beijing100029,People’sRepublicofChina</auth-address><titles><title>ThermaldegradationkineticanalysisandconversionofAesculusindicatoporouscarbon</title><secondary-title>IndustrialCropsandProducts</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>IndustrialCropsandProducts</full-title></periodical><volume>153.</volume><keywords><keyword>Himalayanhorsechestnuts</keyword><keyword>Pyrolysis</keyword><keyword>Iso-conversionalmethods</keyword><keyword>Kineticparameters</keyword><keyword>Energystoragedevices</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0926-6690</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[30]。熱分析是在程序控制溫度下，測量物質的物理性質與溫度依賴關系的一類技術。常用的熱分析方法有：差熱分析（DTA）、熱重法（TG）、導數(shù)熱重法（DTG）、差示掃描量熱法（DSC）、熱機械分析（TMA）和動態(tài)熱機械分析（DMA）等。熱重分析（TGA）是研究多種材料熱分解和降解反應動力學的一種常用而有效的方法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Aslan</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>328</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[31]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>328</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">328</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>AslanDI</author><author>OzogulB</author><author>CeylanS</author><author>GeyikciF</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>OndokuzMay?sUniversity,FacultyofEngineering,ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,55139Kurupelit,Samsun,Turkey</auth-address><titles><title>ThermokineticanalysisandproductcharacterizationofMediumDensityFiberboardpyrolysis</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">105</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">-110</style></pages><volume>258</volume><keywords><keyword>MDF</keyword><keyword>Pyrolysis</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>TG/DSC-FTIR</keyword><keyword>Py/GC-MS</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[31]。熱重分析（TGA）是在程序控溫下測量物質的質量隨溫度或時間的變化關系，燃燒或分解開始的溫度可由TGA確定，另外可以通過熱重曲線獲得動力學參數(shù)ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[32,33]。GilADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Gil</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>358</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[34]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>358</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">358</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>GilMV</author><author>CasalD</author><author>PevidaC</author><author>PisJJ</author><author>RubieraF</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>InstitutoNacionaldelCarbón,CSIC,Apartado73,33080Oviedo,Spain</auth-address><titles><title>Thermalbehaviourandkineticsofcoal/biomassblendsduringco-combustion</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><pages>5601-5608</pages><volume>101</volume><number>14</number><keywords><keyword>Biomass</keyword><keyword>Coal</keyword><keyword>Co-combustion</keyword><keyword>TG</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2010</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[34]采用熱重分析（TGA）對煤、松木屑及其混合物在燃燒條件下的熱特性和動力學進行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)松木屑燃燒分兩步進行，揮發(fā)分在200~360°C之間釋放并燃燒，炭燃燒在360~490°C之間進行，而煤只有一個燃燒階段，在315~615°C之間。BoukaousADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Boukaous</Author><Year>2018</Year><RecNum>326</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[35]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>326</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">326</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>BoukaousN</author><author>AbdelouahedL</author><author>ChikhiM</author><author>MeniaiAH</author><author>MohabeerC</author><author>BecharaT</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>LaboratoiredeSécuritédesProcédésChimiquesLSPC-4704,INSARouen,UNIROUEN,NormandieUniv.,76000Rouen,France;boukaous.nourelhouda@insa-rouen.fr(N.B.);chikirsha.mohabeer@insa-rouen.fr(C.M.);bechara.taouk@insa-rouen.fr(T.B.);;FacultédeGéniedesProcédésUniversitédeConstantine3,25000Constantine,Algeria;chikhi_mustapha@yahoo.fr(M.C.);meniai@yahoo.fr(A.-H.M.)</auth-address><titles><title>Combustionofflaxshives,beechwood,purewoodypseudo-componentsandtheirchars:Athermalandkineticstudy</title><secondary-title>Energies</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>Energies</full-title></periodical><volume>11(8).</volume><keywords><keyword>Biomass</keyword><keyword>Combustion</keyword><keyword>Thermogravimetricanalysis</keyword><keyword>Kineticparameters</keyword><keyword>Thermalcharacteristics</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2018</year></dates><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[35]采用熱重分析方法研究了亞麻柴、山毛櫸木、半纖維素、纖維素、木質素及它們炭化物的燃燒特性，基于特征溫度（著火溫度、最高溫度和最終溫度）、燃盡時間和最大速率分析了其熱行為，利用Coats-Redfern法確定了不同材料的燃燒動力學參數(shù)。WangADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>320</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[36]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>320</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">320</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WangT</author><author>FuTM</author><author>ChenK</author><author>ChengRS</author><author>ChenS</author><author>LiuJX</author><author>MeiM</author><author>LiJP</author><author>XueYJ</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>SchoolofEnvironmentalEngineering,WuhanTextileUniversity,Wuhan430073,China;;EngineeringResearchCentreforCleanProductionofTextileDyeingandPrinting,MinistryofEducation,WuhanTextileUniversity,Wuhan430073,China;;StateKeyLaboratoryofSilicateMaterialsforArchitectures,WuhanUniversityofTechnology,Wuhan,Hubei430070,China</auth-address><titles><title>Co-combustionbehaviorofdyeingsludgeandricehuskbyusingTG-MS:Thermalconversion,gasevolution,andkineticanalyses</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><volume>311.</volume><keywords><keyword>Dyeingsludge</keyword><keyword>Ricehusk</keyword><keyword>Co-combustion</keyword><keyword>GasEmissions</keyword><keyword>Kinetic</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[36]利用熱重-質譜分析法研究了添加稻殼對印染污泥燃燒過程中燃燒性能、氣體產(chǎn)物和動力學的影響，以改善廢油發(fā)電過程。SinghADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>K</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>316</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[37]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>316</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">316</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>SinghRK</author><author>PandeyD</author><author>PatilT</author><author>SawarkarAN</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Pyrolysisofbananaleavesbiomass:Physico-chemicalcharacterization,thermaldecompositionbehavior,kineticandthermodynamicanalyses</title><secondary-title>BioresourceTechnology</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BioresourceTechnology</full-title></periodical><volume>310.</volume><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>0960-8524</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[37]通過非等溫熱重實驗對香蕉葉生物質的熱降解過程進行了研究，確定了活化能、指前因子、反應模型和熱動力學參數(shù)。BarzegarADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Barzegar</Author><Year>2020</Year><RecNum>314</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[38]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>314</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">314</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>BarzegarR</author><author>YozgatligilA</author><author>OlgunH</author><author>AtimtayAT</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>MechanicalEngineeringDepartment,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,UniversitelerMahallesi,DumlupinarBulvariNo:1,Ankara06800,Turkey;;EgeUniversity,SolarEnergyInstitute,Bornova,?zmir,Turkey;;EnvironmentalEngineeringDepartment,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,UniversitelerMahallesi,DumlupinarBulvariNo:1,Ankara06800,Turkey</auth-address><titles><title>TGAandkineticstudyofdifferenttorrefactionconditionsofwoodbiomassunderairandoxy-fuelcombustionatmospheres</title><secondary-title>JournaloftheEnergyInstitute</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournaloftheEnergyInstitute</full-title></periodical><pages>889-898</pages><volume>93</volume><number>3</number><keywords><keyword>Torrefiedbiomass</keyword><keyword>Oxy-fuelcombustion</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>TGA</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2020</year></dates><isbn>1743-9671</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[38]在空氣和富氧條件下對烘干松木屑燃燒進行了熱重分析和動力學分析，采用FWO、KAS和Friedman方法估算了表觀活化能，發(fā)現(xiàn)在空氣和富氧條件下，活化能的變化趨勢類似，但活化能值的變化很小。1.1熱反應動力學理論假設描述化學反應速率常數(shù)隨溫度變化關系的阿倫尼烏斯（Arrhenius）公式可用于熱分析反應，則反應速率常數(shù)為： (1-1)式中，為反應速率常數(shù)，s-1；為頻率因子，s-1；為活化能，J/mol；為摩爾氣體常數(shù)，；為溫度，K。反應動力學方程為： (1-2)式中，為動力學機理函數(shù)，表示物質反應速率與轉化率之間的某種函數(shù)關系；為轉化率，定義如下： (1-3)式中，為試樣的初始質量；為試樣在時刻的質量；為試樣反應結束后的質量。將式(1-1)帶入式(1-2)中，得到： (1-4)定義溫升速率： (1-5)將代入式(1-5)，并對其進行積分得： (1-6) (1-7)其中為轉換率的積分形式；為溫度的積分形式，沒有特解，采用數(shù)值逼近法求解。目前常用的如表1-1所示ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>冉景煜</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>362</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[39]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>362</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">362</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>冉景煜</author><author>曾艷</author><author><styleface="normal"font="default"size="100%">張力</style><styleface="normal"font="default"charset="134"size="100%">，等</style></author></authors></contributors><auth-address>重慶大學能源與環(huán)境研究所;</auth-address><titles><title>幾種典型農(nóng)作物生物質的熱解及動力學特性</title><secondary-title>重慶大學學報</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>重慶大學學報</full-title></periodical><pages>76-81</pages><volume>32</volume><number>1</number><keywords><keyword>生物質</keyword><keyword>熱解特性</keyword><keyword>動力學</keyword><keyword>熱重分析</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2009</year></dates><isbn>1000-582X</isbn><call-num>50-1044/N</call-num><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[39]，本文選用化學反應模型。表1-1常用的固體反應動力學機理函數(shù)Table1-1Commonlyusedsolidreactionkineticsmechanismfunction反應機理符號G(α)化學反應n=1F1-ln(1-α)n=2F2(1-α)-1-1n=3F3[(1-α)-2-1]/2擴散一維擴散D1α2二維擴散D2α+(1-α)ln(1-α)三維擴散D3[1-(1-α)1/3]2Ginstling-Brounshtein方程D41-2α/3-(1-α)2/3相界反應一維R1α二維R21-(1-α)1/2三維R31-(1-α)1/3隨機成核及增長二維A2[-ln(1-α)]1/2三維A3[-ln(1-α)]1/3指數(shù)成核冪次法則，n=1/2P2α1/2冪次法則，n=1/3P3α1/3冪次法則，n=1/4P4α1/4目前已經(jīng)有很多用于計算動力學參數(shù)的經(jīng)驗模型，等轉化率法和模型擬合法是兩類主要的方法。1.2等轉化率法等轉化率法可以在沒有任何特定形式的反應模型的情況下求解動力學參數(shù)，是計算反應活化能最可靠的方法，被國際熱分析和量熱法聯(lián)合會動力學委員會高度推薦ADDINEN.CITEADDINEN.CITE.DATA[40,41]。然而，等轉化率法需要不同加熱速率下的實驗數(shù)據(jù)來確定動力學參數(shù)。本文采用KAS法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Lopez-Velazquez</Author><Year>2013</Year><RecNum>350</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[42]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>350</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">350</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>Lopez-VelazquezMA</author><author>SantesV</author><author>BalmasedaJ</author><author>Torres-GarciaE</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>Depto.deBiocienciaseIngeniería,CIIEMAD,InstitutoPolitécnicoNacional,Calle30dejuniode1520,Col.BarriolaLagunaTicomán,GustavoA.Madero,México,D.F.07340,Mexico;;Departamentodepolímeros,InstitutodeInvestigacionesenMateriales,UniversidadNacionalAutónomadeMéxico,México,D.F.C.P.04510,Mexico;;InstitutoMexicanodelPetróleo,EjeCentral#152,México,D.F.07730,Mexico</auth-address><titles><title>Pyrolysisoforangewaste:Athermo-kineticstudy</title><secondary-title>JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofAnalyticalandAppliedPyrolysis</full-title></periodical><pages>170-177</pages><volume>99</volume><keywords><keyword>Pyrolysisoforangewaste</keyword><keyword>Bio-energetic</keyword><keyword>Ligno-cellulosic</keyword><keyword>Kinetics</keyword><keyword>TGA–FTIR</keyword></keywords><dates><year>2013</year></dates><isbn>0165-2370</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[42]，F(xiàn)WO法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Ozawa</Author><Year>1965</Year><RecNum>388</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[43]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>388</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">388</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>OzawaT</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Anewmethodofanalyzingthermogravimetricdata</title><secondary-title>BulletinoftheChemicalSocietyofJapan</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>BulletinoftheChemicalSocietyofJapan</full-title></periodical><pages>1811-+</pages><volume>38</volume><number>11</number><dates><year>1965</year></dates><isbn>1348-0634</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[43]和Friedmanmethod法ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Friedman</Author><Year>1964</Year><RecNum>389</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[44]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>389</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">389</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>FriedmanHL</author></authors></contributors><titles><title>Kineticsofthermaldegradationofchar‐formingplasticsfromthermogravimetry.Applicationtoaphenolicplastic</title><secondary-title>JournalofPolymerSciencePartC-PolymerSymposium</secondary-title></titles><periodical><full-title>JournalofPolymerSciencePartC-PolymerSymposium</full-title></periodical><pages>183-&</pages><volume>6</volume><dates><year>1964</year></dates><isbn>0449-2994</isbn><urls></urls><remote-database-provider>Cnki</remote-database-provider></record></Cite></EndNote>[44]計算動力學參數(shù)。根據(jù)等轉化率原則，在一定的轉化率下，生物質熱解反應速率是溫度的函數(shù)ADDINEN.CITE<EndNote><Cite><Author>Wang</Author><Year>2017</Year><RecNum>336</RecNum><DisplayText><styleface="superscript">[45]</style></DisplayText><record><rec-number>336</rec-number><foreign-keys><keyapp="EN"db-id="9wtpaefesfdx0jevre3peadydp0ww0pe22de"timestamp="1610456441">336</key></foreign-keys><ref-typename="JournalArticle">17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author>WangSR</author><author>DaiGX</author><author>YangHP</author><author>LuoZY</author></authors></contributors><auth-address>StateKeyLaboratoryofCleanEnergyUtilization,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China;;StateKeyLaboratoryofCoalCombustion,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Wuhan430074,China</auth-address><titles><title>Lignocellulosicbiomasspyrolysismechanism:Astate-of-the-artreview</title><secondary-title>ProgressinEnergyandCombustion