專題15 閱讀理解技巧-2023年江蘇中考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)牛津譯林版

專題15閱讀理解技巧一、閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)題一篇文章必須通過許多細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)一步解釋和說明主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想。因此，閱讀理解題中多數(shù)是針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)而設(shè)計(jì)的，回答此類問題時(shí)，首先要認(rèn)真審題，理解題意，然后根據(jù)提示詞或線索詞，運(yùn)用查閱的技巧，快速在原文中查找正確的答案。這些題目的答案大都可以在文章對(duì)應(yīng)的文字部分找到。解題應(yīng)從以下幾個(gè)方面人手：①直接細(xì)節(jié)題。題目主要由how和五個(gè)wh開頭的問題，即：what，who，when，where，why開頭的問題，這類題目一般都比較簡單，根據(jù)提問的具體內(nèi)容查找，即可得出答案。②間接細(xì)節(jié)題。一般指以釋義或換一種方式重新設(shè)計(jì)的題目。解題時(shí)，音先要看懂題目，找出題目中的詞或詞組，然后找出文章中的對(duì)應(yīng)部分。查找要借助于同義詞或同義結(jié)構(gòu)。因?yàn)轭}目中使用的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)與文章中所使用的不同，但意思相同。解題技巧：閱讀問題。在文中找出對(duì)應(yīng)的答案句，即定位。（1）、關(guān)鍵信息定位法。這個(gè)主要是細(xì)節(jié)題，如涉及到數(shù)字（日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等），就可以在文章中快速圈出數(shù)字，再找出目標(biāo)數(shù)字及相對(duì)應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)作息，還有人物姓名、地點(diǎn)名詞等等，其他的還包括一些提示情節(jié)發(fā)展，或條綱性關(guān)鍵字眼，如First，Next，F(xiàn)inally等等。

（2）、同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉(zhuǎn)換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎(chǔ)上拐了個(gè)彎易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1.沒有注意原文與試題之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換2.沒有掌握中心或者主旨，不知道到何處找到自己所需要的事實(shí)真題解析AWiththedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourdailylifeisbecomingmorecolorfulandmoreconvenient(便利).AnUnderwaterHotelItlookslikeaspaceshipbutitisactuallyapictureofanunderwaterhotel.Acompanyplanstobuildintheseawhichisabout18metresbelowthesurface.Thewholebuildingisunderwaterandyoucangettoitbyswimminganddiving.GoogleGlassGoogleGlassisapairofglasseswithabattery(電池)hiddeninsidetheframe(邊框).Itcancarryoutmanyofthesametasksassmartphones.Theglasshasahiddencameraandatinyscreen.Itisdesignedtotakehands-freephotosorvideosofanythingpeoplearedoing.ANewKindofShirtHatewashingclothes?You’regoingtolovethiskindofshirtmadebyanAmericanclothingcompany,Wool&Prince.Thisshirtcanbewornfor100straightdayswithoutwashing!TheWool&Princeshirtneverneedsironing(熨燙).TheDigitalLibraryCanyouimaginewalkingintoalibraryandfindingallbookshaveturnedintocomputers?ThefirstbooklesspubliclibraryisplannedtoopeninSanAntonio,Texas.Computerswilltaketheplaceofbookssoon.32.TheDigitalLibrarytellsussomethingaboutalibrarywithout______.A.books

B.computers

C.bookshelves

D.readers【答案】A【解析】結(jié)合小標(biāo)題TheDigital(數(shù)字)Library下第一句

Can

you

imagine

walking

into

a

library

and

finding

all

books

have

turned

into

computers

可知，數(shù)字化圖書館把所有的書都換成了電腦。因此這是沒有書（books）的圖書館。computer

意為“電腦”，bookshelf

意為“書架”，reader

意為“讀者”，均不符合題意。

Youprobablyknowyoushouldsay"please"and"thankyou"atrestaurants.Youprobablyknowtherulesofalibrary.Youknowyoushouldrespectandbeniceloyourclassmates.Butdoyouhavemusicmanners?KeepItDown!Youhavetonoticethevolumeofyourmusic.Youshouldnotplayyourmusicsoloudthateveryonearoundyoucanhearit.Somepeoplemightevengetangry.Usually,whenyouplaythemusicloudonanMP3player,otherpeoplecan'thearthewordsofthesong.Theyjusthearaloudsound.Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh.TakeThemOff!YouneedtoknowwhentoturnyourMP3playeroffandputitaway.Librariesandschoolsdon'tallowMP3players.Thereareotherplaces,likemuseums,thatdon'thaverules,butitwouldberudetohaveyourMP3playeron.Sometimes,itjustdoesn'tmakesensetolistenyourMP3playeratevent.Whywouldyoulistentomusicataplay,amovieorasportingevent?Youwouldmisswhatisgoingonandotherswouldwonderwhyyouevencame.TakeOneOut!Onceinawhileit'sokayjusttotakeoutoneearphone.ImagineyouarelisteningonyourMP3playerwhensomeoneasksyoutheway.Itwouldnotberudetotakeoutoneearphone,tellhimtheway,andputbacktheearphoneandcontinuelistening.Youcanalsodothiswhenyouorderfoodatafast-foodrestaurantorwhenyouanswerthetelephoneandit'snotforyou.It'sYourChoice!Therearetimeswhenyouneedtodecidewhatisbest.Forexample,somepeoplecanlistentomusicontheirMP3playerswhenreadbooks,whileothersthinkitisdisturbing.Incaseslikethis,youneed10dowhatseemsrightforyou.Noonewantstolistento_______fromothers’MP3players.A)aloudsoundB)sadstoriesC)alongmovieD)thewordsofasong【答案】A【解析】第二段倒數(shù)第三行“Notonewantstolistentothis.Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears”，可以得出答案，選擇AWeshouldturndownthemusicwhenwearealonebecauseloudmusic.A)isnotenjoyableB)makesustiredC)isbadforMP3playersD)hurtsourears【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)第二段倒數(shù)第一行“Veryloudmusiccanalsobebadforyourears,soevenifyouarealonewhenlisteningtoourMP3player,youshouldn'thaveitturneduptoohigh”得出結(jié)論，選擇DWecantakeonceearphoneoutwhenwe_showothersthewayB)talktofriendsonthephoneC)watchasportingeventD)havedinnerwithourparents【答案】A【解析】根據(jù)第四段的介紹我們可以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，A和B在原文中都有提及，但是原文中指的是“answerthetelephone”這一短暫的動(dòng)作，而B項(xiàng)是與朋友在“telephone”中聊天，是個(gè)延續(xù)性的動(dòng)作，故選擇A。Jennylookedatthestorewindow.TherewasnothingthatshewantedmorethanaHappyHannahdoll.Itwas$29.95.Unluckily,Jennydidn’tevenhavethe95cents.Asshecrossedthestreet,shethoughtaboutdoingherbrother’shousework,cleaningthefloor,washingthedishesallmonth,buteventhenshewouldhaveonlyelevendollars.Suddenly,somethingsmallandpinkinthesnowcaughthereyes.Jennywalkedoverandpickeditupfromthesnow.Itwasabeautifulwallet.Sheopenedthewalletandfoundmanydollarsandawoman’sdriver’slicence.Jennyputthewalletintoherbagquickly.Sheturnedaroundandwalkedback.Jenny’sheartbeatfastassheenteredthestore.Shehadlongdreamedaboutthismoment,butsomethingdidn’tfeelright.AsshegottotheHappyHannahdolls,shepushedawayherfeelings.Shegrabbed(抓起)oneandwalkedtowardthecheckout.AsJennywaswaitingtopay,hermobilephonerang.Jennylookedaround,startled(嚇了一跳).Itwashergrandma.Jenny’sheartwassuddenlyfilledwithloveandwarmthwhenshethoughtofher.Sheputthedolldownandansweredthephone.“Hi,Grandma!I’mgoingtobealittlebitlatetonight….Alright....Iloveyou,too.”Jennyleftthestoreandwalkedallthewayto301WestStreet.Thewomanwhoansweredthedoorlookedsad.“Here,Ifoundthisinthesnow,”Jennysaid.“Oh,goodGod!Thisisthemoneyfortheorphanage(孤兒院)!Thankyou!”Afterdoingherbrother’shouseworkforthreemonths,JennyfinallygotaHappyHannahdoll.Shewassohappybecauseshecouldplaywithherdollandlookhergrandmaintheeye.34.WhatdidJennyfindinthesnow?A.Abag. B.Adoll. C.Awallet. D.Amobilephone.35.HowdidJennyfeelwhenshethoughtofhergrandma?A.Touched. B.Warm. C.Nervous. D.Surprised.37.WhatdidJennydotogetthedoll?A.Sheaskedhergrandmaforhelp.B.Shetooksomemoneyfromthewoman.C.Shecleanedthefloorinthestoreforallmonth.D.Shedidherbrother’shouseworkforthreemonths.【答案】CBDIfIweretoaskyoutocloseyoureyesandIgaveyouapieceofappletoeat,wouldyoubeabletotellmewhatitisjustbytastingit?Ofcourse,youcould.Yourtongue(舌頭)helpsyouknowwhatdifferentfoodstastelike.Doyouknowthatfoodswouldtastedifferentifyoudidnothaveanose?WhatYouNeed☆afriendtohelp☆smallpiecesofanyfoodlikecarrot,orange,banana—whateveryouhave☆smallpiecesofapples,raw(uncooked)potatoand(ifyouarebrave)onion(洋蔥)WhatYouDoThereareactuallythreedifferentexperiments.Youandyourfriendshouldtaketurnstryingthemoneachother.Experiment1:Haveyourfriendclosehereyesandopenhermouth.Giveherapieceofthefoodandaskhertotasteit.Then,askherwhatshethinksitis.Shewillprobablyguesscorrectly.Experiment2:Whileyourfriendhashereyesclosed,giveherapieceofrawpotato.Atthesametime,holdapieceofapplerightunderhernose.Askhertoeatthepotatoandtellyouwhatshethinksitis.Shewillsayitisapieceofapple!Youcanevendoittheotherwayaround,andshewillthinksheiseatingapotato,or,perhaps,shewon’tbeabletonamewhatsheiseating.Experiment3:(forthebrave)Takeapieceofrawonion.Youdon’thavetocloseyoureyesthistime.Pressyournoseclosedwithyourotherhandsothatnosmellscangetintoyournose.Noweatasmallpieceoftheonion.Surprise!Aslongasyouholdyournose,youwillnotbeabletotastetheonion.TheScienceSecretYoualreadyknowthesciencesecret.Yournoseandyourtongueworktogethertomakefoodtastethewayitdoes.Yourtongue,however,cantasteonlycertainflavorslikesalty,bitter,sour,andsweet.Alloftheother“tastes”areactually“smells”,andyouneedyournosetotastethem.Oh,youmightusethissciencesecretthenexttimeyouareforcedtoeatsomethingyoudon’tlikethetasteof.Ifyouholdyournosewhileyoueatit,youwon’t“taste”itatall.39.WhatisthemostprobablereasonExperiment3iscalled“forthebrave”?A.Youhavetoeatarawonion. B.Youkeepyoureyesopen.C.Youhavetoholdyournose. D.Youdotheexperimentalone.【答案】A二、閱讀理解之主旨題（一）如何確定文章的中心思想每篇文章都有主題思想，而大多數(shù)文章的主題思想是通過一個(gè)句子來表達(dá)的，這就是主題句。[來主題句通常是文章當(dāng)中的第一句，從主題句中能找出文章主題思想的答案，但有時(shí)主題句也可以在文中或段尾。一般情況下，演繹性的文章的主題句多在句首，而歸納性的文章的主題句則常在段尾。如果作者把主題句寫得很含蓄，沒有明顯地用一二個(gè)句子表達(dá)出來，可根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容加以歸納總結(jié)，或把所有段落的主題句加以歸納，從中找出文章的主題思想。主旨大意題的提問方式：①Whatisthewritertryingtotelluswiththestory?②Thetextismainlyabout③Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe④Thepassagemainlytellsus⑤Themainidea(topic)ofthepassageisabout解題應(yīng)從以下兩個(gè)方面入手：①借助于文章的結(jié)構(gòu)知識(shí)來把握中心思想。文章的中心思想常常由主題句來表達(dá)。一般來說，主題句常是文章的第一句或位于文章的第一段，用來交代全文所要說明的問題，同時(shí)引導(dǎo)以下段落進(jìn)行展開和解釋。有時(shí)主題句也出現(xiàn)于文章的中間段落或結(jié)尾，由全文展開討論后歸納總結(jié)出來。因此，找準(zhǔn)主題句是十分重要的。閱讀時(shí)要特別注意文章的起始段、收尾段和段落的主題句。②有的文章沒有主題句或沒有主題段和收尾段。碰到這種情況不能采用辨認(rèn)主題句或主題段的方法來獲取段落或文章的中-心思想。這時(shí)，宜把不同的細(xì)節(jié)集中討論的要點(diǎn)即共同點(diǎn)概括出來。需要讀者自己在通讀全文后歸納總結(jié)?！菊骖}】PeopleinmanycountrieslearnEnglishandtheylearnitindifferentways．Somelearnitatschool．Somelearnitbythemselves．OtherslearnEnglishby(通過)radio，onTV，orinfilms.Themainidea0fthepassageis_______．A．peopleinmanycountrieslearnEnglishinmanyways．B．somelearnEnglishatschool．C．somelearnEnglishbythemselves．D．otherslearnEnglishbyhearingthelanguageovertheradio，onTV，orinfilms．【答案】A【解析】本文的第一句就是該文的主題句，講述許多國家的人們以不同的方式學(xué)習(xí)英語。答案B、c、D都是第一句的擴(kuò)展和說明，所以A是對(duì)的。Tennisisnotdifficultgametoplay，andyoudonotneedalotofequipment(裝備)toplayit．Theremustbetwoorfourplayers．Eachplayershouldhaveacomfortabletennisracket(網(wǎng)球拍)．Theplayerwillneedsometennisballs，too．ofcourse，itisnecessarytohaveatenniscourt(網(wǎng)球場)!Themainideaofthepassageisthat________．playersneedtennisracketsB．youplaytennisonatenniscourtC．playersneedacourt，rackets，andtennisballsD．twoplayerswillneedtworacketstoplaythisgame【答案】C【解析】選項(xiàng)A、B、D的內(nèi)容均不全面，只包括了打網(wǎng)球的單項(xiàng)內(nèi)容；選項(xiàng)C是對(duì)選項(xiàng)A、B、D的綜合概括，故C為正確答案。三、閱讀理解推理判斷題此類題需要透過文章信息進(jìn)行深入的分析、綜合、歸納等推斷，需根據(jù)上下文及其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系對(duì)篇章進(jìn)行深入的分析。設(shè)題方式：1)Howmanytimesdidthetigercomeintothevillage?解題策略：*每段的首句，含有重要的解題線索。設(shè)題方式：2)Fromthesecondparagraphweknow_____.解題策略：*在把握全篇的基礎(chǔ)上，細(xì)讀這一段。推理判斷題的常見類型：推斷文章的出處（題材）與文章細(xì)節(jié)相關(guān)的推斷對(duì)文章后續(xù)內(nèi)容的推斷數(shù)字相關(guān)的計(jì)算推斷【真題】AngLeewontheBestDirectorOscarforhisadventurefilmLifeofPiatthe85thAcademyAwardsinHollywood,CaliforniaFebruary24,2013.LifeofPishowsayoungIndiannamedPi,whofindstheworldheknowssweptawaywhenhisfamilysellstheirzooandsetssailforCanadawithafewanimals.OnlyPiescapesfromthestormandfloatsinalifeboatwithagiantBengaltiger.“Ireallywanttothankyouforbelievingthisstoryandsharingthisunbelievablejourneywithme,”Leesaidinhisspeech.ThefilmalsowonthreeotherOscars,forbestoriginalmusic,bestcinematography(電影藝術(shù))andbestvisual(視覺)effects.ItwonmoreawardsthanLincolnandArgowhichwerealsoamongthehottestnominees.ComingfromChina'sTaiwan,the58-year-oldLeewonanOscarforBestForeignLanguageFilmin2001forCrouchingTiger,HiddenDragonandanotherforBestDirectorin2006forBrokebackMountain.HeistheonlypersonofAsiantowinthedirectingawardandoneoftherarepeoplewhowonthatawardmorethanonce.Inanafter-ceremonyinterview,LeesaidhebelievedAsianfilmswouldcometothemainstageoftheworldsoonerorlater."IwasborninAsiaandgrewupwithChineseeducation.ItisnaturalformetoputAsianthinkingintoWesternthings."Thefilm,whichcost120millionU.S.dollars,hasearnednearly600milliondollarsworldwide.LeesaidmostoftheearningscamefromoutsideChina.LeesaidhefeltwarmthathewontheawardonthedayoftheLanternFestival,aChinesetraditionalfestivalonwhichfamiliesgettogethertosolvepuzzlesonlanternsandeatTangYuan.Hewishedeveryoneahappynewyearofthesnakeandeverybodygetslucky.1.WhatkindoffilmdoesLifeofPibelongto?A.Comedies.B.Tragedies.C.Detectivefilms.D.Adventurefilms.【答案】DTheStatueofLiberty,whichhasbeenclosedtothepublicsincesuperstormSandystruckinOctober,willreopenbyJuly4.TheStatueofLibertywaspresentedtotheUnitedStatesbytheFrenchpeoplein1886.ItstandsatLibertyIslandasawelcometoallreturningAmericans.It’sfivemonthssincethemonumentandLibertyIslandwereshutdownafterthestorm.Whilethestatueitselfwasnotseriouslyharmedbythestorm,severalbuildingsontheislandexperiencedtheterribleflood.ThewayusedbyshipscarryingvisitorsfromlowerManhattanandNewJerseywasalsodestroyed.“It’sgoodnews,it’salittlelate,butatleastit’sthere,andnowwe’llwatchlikeaneagletomakesurethispromiseiskept,”SchumertoldNBCNewYork.InJanuary,thegovernmentspent$59millionrepairingbothLibertyIslandandnearbyEllisIsland,whichwasalsodamagedinthestorm.ButtheofficershavenotannouncedwhenEllisIslandwillreopen.InNovember,morethanamillionartworkshadtoberemovedfromthemuseumtherebecauseofthestorm.TheStatueofLibertyisoneofthecountry’smostpopulartouristattractions.AccordingtotheNationalParkService,morethan3.7millionpeoplevisitthesiteeveryyear.34.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordItinthefifthparagraphreferto?A.TheStatueofLibertywaspresentedbyFrenchpeople.B.Thegovernmentspent$59millionrepairingLibertyIslandandEllisIsland.C.TheStatueofLibertystandsatLibertyIslandasawelcometoall.D.TheStatueofLibertywillreopenbyJuly4.【答案】D四、閱讀理解詞義猜測題設(shè)題方式：Whatdoestheword“…”meaninparagraph3?Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?Theword“…”mostlikelymeans_______.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword_____.解題策略：閱讀中碰到生詞時(shí)不要著急，耐心地讀下去，文章會(huì)幫助你猜出生詞詞義。此外，我們也可以通過構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)分析生詞詞義，或通過上下文,同義詞，反義詞，生活常識(shí)等猜測，尤其是本句話以及前后兩句話，給生詞假設(shè)意思，看是否讀的通。還可以聯(lián)想，即回想已知詞匯中是否存在拼寫方法與該生詞類似的詞。(1)捕捉關(guān)鍵詞。在閱讀時(shí)應(yīng)該注意與問題相關(guān)的同義詞，近義詞，反義詞或同位詞等信息詞來得出正確答案(2)根據(jù)上下文猜詞義。它和前后文有著必然的聯(lián)系,只有把握作者的脈搏，理清邏輯鏈條,才能鎖定生詞的含義。例如：Acalendarisalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.calendar日歷(3)轉(zhuǎn)換解題法。即原文這么說，而在問題和所給選項(xiàng)中則用另外的詞去轉(zhuǎn)換一種說法，但仍表示同一含義。(4)依解釋Microscopeisaninstrument(工具)thatmakessmallnearobjectsseemslarger.Microscopemeans__顯微鏡.根據(jù)上下文猜測詞義的技巧：(1)注意定義和解釋；(2)同義詞或近義詞的提示；(3)近義詞和反義詞的提示；(4)利用懸念的屬種關(guān)系；(5)借助已有知識(shí)或生活常識(shí)?！菊骖}】Adoctorenteredthehospitalinahurryafterbeingcalledinforanurgent(緊急的)operation.Heansweredthecallassoonaspossible,changedhisclothesandwentdirectlytotheoperationroom.Hefoundtheboy'sfathergoingandcominginthehallwaitingforthedoctor.Onseeinghim,thedadshouted,"Whydidyoutakeyousomuchtimetocome?Don'tyouknowthatmyson’slifeisindanger?It’syourdutytosavepatients?"Thedoctorsmiledandsaid,"Iamsorry,Iwasn'tinthehospitalandIcamethefastestIcouldafterreceivingthecall...Andnow,Iwishyou'dcalmdownsothatIcandomywork.”“Calmdown?Whatifyoursonisinthisroomrightnow,wouldyoucalmdown?Ifyourownsondiesnow,whatwillyoudo?”saidthefatherangrily.Thedoctorsmiledagainandanswered,"IwillsaywhatJobsaidintheBible(圣經(jīng))--'Fromdustwecameandtodustwereturn,blessed(保佑)bythenameofGod'．Doctorscannotprolonglives.Goandpray(祈禱)foryourson,wewilldoourbest.""it’ssoeasytogiveadvicewhenpeopletalkaboutothers’business.”saidthefather.Theoperationtookseveralhours.Afterthat,thedoctorwentouthappily,"Thankgoodness!Yoursonissaved!"Andwithoutwaitingforthefather'sreply,hecarriedonhiswayrunning.“Ifyouhaveanyquestion,askthenurse!""Whyishesoproudandimpatient?Hecouldn'twaitsomeminutessothatIcouldaskaboutmyson'ssituation?"saidthefatherwhenseeingthenurseminutesafterthedoctorleft.Thenurseanswered,tears(眼淚)comingdownherface,"Hissondiedyesterdayinaroadaccident.Hewasinthefuneral(葬禮)whenwecalledhimforyourson'soperation.Andnowthathesavedyourson'slife,heleftrunningtofinishhisson'sfuneral."Theunderlinedphrase“prolonglives”probablymeans“________”.A.helppeoplekeepsafe B.helppeopleoutofdangerC.helppeoplelivelonger D.helppeoplebecomestronger【答案】CParentsnowneedtobribechildrentomakethemr