第10講-Unit4詞匯和完形填空(外研版2019選擇必修1)(解析版)

第10講Unit4Meetingthemuse提前預習新外研版選擇必修一Unit4的詞匯和閱讀掌握高二閱讀長難句分析方法和完形填空（記敘文）解題方法一．重點詞匯學習1.quoten.2.floatv.3.folkadj.4.talen.5.motionn.6.composev.7.crouch8.peacock9.princess10.ethnic11.abstractadj.12.wiren.13.cablen.14.awe-inspiring15.innovationn.16.innovativeadj.17.trend18.contrastn.19.Greek20.appreciatev.21.worthy22.techniciann.23.literally24.animationn.25.dawnn.26.probevt.27.distinctadj..28.descendv.29.concludev.30.delightfuladj.31.literary32.relish重點詞匯答案見教材詞匯表重點短語1．ondisplay在展覽2．cometolife蘇醒過來；活躍起來；變得生動有趣3．avarietyof各種各樣的4．label...as把……稱為5．soasto為了6．bringout使顯現；闡明；出版；說出7．betiredfrom(doing)sth因(做)某事而感到疲倦8．beworthdoingsth值得做某事9．cometoone'smind出現在某人腦海里，被想到10．lightup點亮，照亮；(使)流露出喜悅11．set...inmotion使……開始12．ratherthan而不是13．queueup排隊14．beunfamiliarwith與……不熟悉；對……不了解15．forsure肯定地考點1：composev．作(曲)；組成，構成；使平靜要點歸納(1)becomposedof＝bemadeupof＝consistof由……組成composeoneself使某人鎮(zhèn)定(2)composern.作曲家compositionn.組成，構成；創(chuàng)作，作曲；作文，作品例1．【單句填空】(1)Shereworkedalotofhercompositions(compose)tomakethemmoredanceableproducts.(2)Itwasthefortiethanniversaryofthedeathofthecomposer(compose)．(3)Pleasecomposeyourself/yourselves(you);there'snoneedtogetexcited!一句多譯這部新劇由四個部分組成，每個部分都很精彩。(4)Thenewplayiscomposedoffourparts,eachofwhichisveryfascinating.(5)Thenewplayismadeupoffourparts,eachofwhichisveryfascinating.(6)Thenewplayconsistsoffourparts,eachofwhichisveryfascinating.考點2：contrastn．反差，對比v．對比，對照要點歸納(1)incontrastwith/to與……相比(對照)bycontrast與……相反；相比之下(相當于副詞)(2)contrastwith與……形成對照contrast...with/and...把……與……相對比(3)contrastingadj.(在式樣、顏色或態(tài)度上)極不相同的，迥異的例2．【單句填空】(1)Contrastfreshwith/andfrozenvegetablesandyou'llfindthefreshonestastebetter.(2)Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable.Bycontrast,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.(3)Thiscoldweathercontrastswithlastweek'sheat.(4)Theyholdcontrasting(contrast)viewsonwhethertobuythehouseornot.補全句子(5)Incontrastwith/tohisbrother,Peterisrathertall.與他的哥哥相比，彼得的個子相當高?？键c3：distinctadj.清晰的；明顯不同的要點歸納(1)distinctlyadv.明顯地；無疑地，確實地(2)distinctionn.區(qū)別；差別；特性；榮譽，獎賞(3)distinguishv.區(qū)分；辨別；使杰出，使表現突出distinguish...from...顯示出特性；將……與……區(qū)別開(4)distinguishedadj.著名的；卓著的；高貴的distinguishingadj.有區(qū)別的distinguishableadj.可區(qū)別的；辨認得出的；可辨識的例3【單句填空】(1)Butthetruthisthatdogsareabletodistinguish(distinguish)coloursjustnotinthesamewaywedo.(2)Theseanimalshaveadistinct(distinction)abilityofprotectingthemselvesfrombeingextinct.(3)Iamsopuzzledaboutthingsthataredistinctly(distinct)shiny.(4)Whatdoeshemeanintermsofthisdistinction(distinct)?補全句子(5)Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother'svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.他們甚至能分辨出自己母親和陌生女性的聲音?？键c4：passdown把……一代傳一代，使流傳要點歸納passaway去世passby經過(……旁邊)；通過passout昏迷，失去知覺passup放過，放棄，錯過(邀請、機會等)例4【單句填空】(1)Ithinkitwouldbeagreatpitytopassuptheopportunitytobeadmittedwithouttakingtheexam.(2)InoticedthegirlwascryingwhenIpassedbyjustnow.(3)Hewasbornin1921andpassedawaypeacefullyattheageof90in2011.(4)Shepassedoutwhensheheardthebadnews.補全句子(5)Thetraditionhasbeenpasseddownforhundredsofyears.這個傳統已經傳承了幾百年了。考點5：cometolife蘇醒過來；活躍起來；變得生動有趣要點歸納(1)cometo(oneself)蘇醒過來comebacktolife蘇醒過來；復活whenitcomesto...當談及……(2)bringsth(back)tolife使……生動；使……恢復生機例5【單句填空】寫出下面句中黑體部分的含義/單句語法填空(1)Whenthechildrenheardthattheirteachercametolife,thewholeclasscametolifeatonce.蘇醒過來；活躍起來(2)Whenitcomestoeducation,themajorityofpeoplebelievethateducationisalifetimestudy.(3)Aftertheearthquake,thegovernmenttrieditsbesttobringthevillagebacktolife.補全句子(4)Themomentwelearntthatwewouldtakepartinthefarmworkprogramme,weallcametolife.得知我們將參加農場活動時，我們都活躍起來?？键c6：bringout使顯現；闡明；出版；說出要點歸納bringup養(yǎng)育；撫養(yǎng)；提出bringsthback使某物恢復；帶回某物；使想起某事bringdown降低；使倒下bringin引入；賺(錢)bringabout導致；引起例6【單句填空】用bring的相關短語填空(1)(2020·天津卷)Thecompanyiswillingtobringinthenewtechnologyifitcanbeshowntoreduceproductioncosts.(2)Iwasn'tgoingtotalkaboutmoney,butsinceitwasbroughtup,Ithinkit'ssomethingweshouldreallydiscuss.(3)Thekindnessofstrangershasdonemuchtobringbackmyfaithinhumanity.(4)TheInternethasbroughtaboutbigchangesinthewaywework.補全句子(5)WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasbroughtoutthebestinherasadoctor.在非洲與醫(yī)療隊的合作使她成為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生?？键c7：lightup點亮，照亮；(使)流露出喜悅要點歸納(1)lighton/upon偶然遇見，偶爾發(fā)現(2)cometolight為人所知bringsthtolight揭露cast/throwlighton使(問題等)較容易理解例7【單句填空】(1)Recentresearchhasthrownlightonthemystery,whichhasamazedtheworld.(2)ThisisRenia'sdiary,ajournalthatwashiddenforyearsinasafe(保險柜)．Nowit'scomingtolightwiththehelpofRenia'ssisterandniece.(3)IthoughtImighthavelitupon/onanancientmanuscript.補全句子(4)Hiseyeslitupwhenhismotherwalkedintotheroom.看見媽媽走進房間，他兩眼一亮。（一）用所給詞的適當形式填空1．(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcomposition(compose)ofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.2．(2020·江蘇卷)Technologicalinnovations(innovative),combinedwithgoodmarketing,willpromotethesalesoftheseproducts.3．Inthe1950sintheUSA,mostfamilieshadjustonephoneathome,andwireless(wire)phoneshadn'tbeeninventedyet.4．ItwasoncecommontoregardBritainasasocietywithclassdistinction(distinct)．5．Payforservicecallsrelatedtoproductinstallation(install)orusageinstructions.6．Idiomsusuallycannotbetranslatedliterally(literal)inanotherlanguage.（二）固定用法和搭配1．Keepingeyecontactdeliversasenseoffriendshiptothepeopleweinteractwith.2．YoucouldhavereceivedanAonyourtermpaper,butyouquotedalittlebitmorefromothers'papers.3．Withsomanyexcellentpaintingsondisplay,theexhibitionhasattractedalargenumberofvisitors.4．Theplansweresetinmotionwhenthecompanypresidentsignedthedocument.5．Lightninglitupthedarkeningskies,andwithinmomentstheplanewastossed(使搖擺)around.（三）完形填空：長難句分析Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga‘free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I____31____theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twanttosaveafewdollars?Morethanthat,I’dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren’t____32____enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutourinstructorwasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,whichmeantIwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame’s____33____.Icouldhardlywaitto____34____him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis____35____wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeitclearthatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto____36____theclassamongotherrequirements,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto____37____whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand,____38____,toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat____39____andlearnedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe____40____.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I’mstillputtingtousewhathe____41____me:“Theabsolutemostimportant____42____thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood____43____.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto____44____asituation,processwhatyouropponent(對手)isdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”Thesewordsstillringtruetodayinmy____45____asajournalist.31.A.putforward B.triedout C.jumpedat D.turneddown32.A.worried B.tired C.moved D.excited33.A.best B.fastest C.rarest D.hardest34.A.beat B.interview C.meet D.challenge35.A.qualification B.chance C.job D.honor36.A.skip B.pass C.observe D.attend37.A.compare B.expose C.add D.apply38.A.eventually B.directly C.naturally D.normally39.A.presentation B.course C.game D.experiment40.A.requirement B.department C.classroom D.situation41.A.promised B.wrote C.questioned D.taught42.A.skill B.manner C.step D.fact43.A.impressions B.grades C.decisions D.comments44.A.analyse B.describe C.generate D.control45.A.characteristic B.role C.desire D.concern【答案】31.C32.D33.A34.C35.C36.B37.D38.A39.B40.C41.D42.A43.C44.A45.B【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章講述了作者在大二學的免費課程——下象棋及這門課程對作者生活的深遠指導作用?！窘馕觥俊?1題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我欣然接受了這個課程，因為，畢竟，誰不想節(jié)省幾美元呢？A.putforward提出；B.triedout測試，試驗；C.jumpedat欣然接受；D.turneddown拒絕。后文提到作者想要省錢，所以是欣然接受了這門課程。故選C。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：即便是我對免費的學分不感到激動，單是我們老師的信息就足以吸引我。A.worried著急的，擔心的；B.tired疲倦的；C.moved感動的；D.excited激動的，興奮的。上文提到作者上這門課就是為了省錢，所以對這門課所帶來的學分并不感到激動，故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他是一名國際大師，這意味著我將向這項游戲中的佼佼者學習。A.best最好的；B.fastest最快的；C.rarest罕見的；D.hardest最困難的。結合上文“Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster”可知，老師是象棋游戲里的大師，即下象棋最好的人之一。故選A。【34題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我等不及要見他。A.beat擊?。籅.interview采訪；C.meet遇見；D.challenge挑戰(zhàn)。由前一句可知，因為象棋國際大師要來，所以作者等不及要見他。故選C?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：MauriceAshley是一個善良而聰明的人，他畢業(yè)后又回來教書，這份工作對他來說不是游戲：他是認真的。A.qualification資格；B.chance機會；C.job工作；D.honor榮譽。MauriceAshley如今是老師，所以這是他的一份工作。故選C。【36題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了通過這門課，除其他標準外，我們還必須寫一篇論文，說明我們打算如何將在課堂上學到的知識應用到我們未來的職業(yè)中，并最終應用到我們的生活中。A.skip跳過；B.pass通過；C.observe觀察，慶祝；D.attend參加；根據后文賓語“theclass”以及“writeapaper”可知此處指的是通過這門課。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：為了通過這門課，除其他標準外，我們還必須寫一篇論文，說明我們打算如何將在課堂上學到的知識應用到我們未來的職業(yè)中，并最終應用到我們的生活中。A.compare比較；B.expose暴露；C.add添加；D.apply運用。結合后文“whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessions”可知，Ashley要求學生們寫一篇論文，關于如何將在課堂上學到的知識應用到我們未來的職業(yè)中，短語applyto“把……運用于……”。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.eventually最終；B.directly直接地；C.naturally自然地；D.normally正常地。根據后文“toourlives”可知，先是應用到工作中，最后應用到生活中。故選A?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我設法在那門課上得了A，我還學習了課堂之外對我很有用的生活經驗。A.presentation介紹，陳述；B.course課程；C.game游戲；D.experiment實驗。結合上文“getanAinthat”可知，此處指在象棋課上得了A的成績。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.requirement要求；B.department部門；C.classroom教室；D.situation情況。結合上文“l(fā)earnedlifelessons”可知作者學到了課堂之外的生活經驗。beyondtheclassroom課堂之外，故選C?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在Ashley上象棋課十年之后，我仍然在運用他教我的東西：“下象棋時你學到的最重要的技能是如何做出正確的決定?！盇.promised承諾；B.wrote寫；C.questioned質問；D.taught教。上文he指的是象棋課的老師Ashley，故此處指作者十年后仍然在運用Ashley教自己的東西。故選D。【42題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在Ashley上象棋課十年之后，我仍然在運用他教我的東西：“下象棋時你學到的最重要的技能是如何做出正確的決定?！盇.skill技能；B.manner方式；C.step步；D.fact事實。根據后文“whenyouplaychess”可知，此處指的是下象棋時的重要技能。故選A?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.impressions印象；B.grades成績；C.decisions決定；D.comments評論。根據后文“evaluatethebestmovefromamongall”可知，下象棋時需要評估出最佳的一步，即做出正確的決定。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在每一步中，你都必須分析形勢，處理對手正在做的事情，并從你所有的選擇中評估最佳的一步。A.analyse分析；B.describe描述；C.generate生成，產生；D.control控制。根據后文“processwhatyouropponent(對手)isdoingandevaluatethebestmovefromamongallyouroptions.”可知，此處指分析形勢，處理各種情況。故選A。【45題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現在這些話對我作為一名新聞記者的角色來說仍然是正確的。A.characteristic特點，品質；B.role角色；C.desire欲望；D.concern擔心。結合后文“asajournalist”可知作者如今是一名記者，所以這應該是作者的職業(yè)或者身份，故選B。（一）詞性轉換1．composev．作(曲)→composern．作曲家→compositionn．作文；作曲2．princessn．公主→princen．王子3．wiren．金屬絲；電線→wirelessadj.無線的；無線電的4．contrastn．反差，對比→contrastingadj.(在式樣、顏色或態(tài)度上)極不相同的，迥異的5．innovativeadj.新穎的，創(chuàng)新的→innovatev．創(chuàng)新→innovationn．創(chuàng)新，革新6．literallyadv.根據字面意思→literaladj.字面意義的7．distinctadj.清晰的；明顯不同的→distinctionn．區(qū)別（二）語法填空短文中的黑體部分為本單元知識點，請按要求補全短文，并背誦體會黑體部分的用法。MrLiwasgoodatmusicandalsolikedfolktaleswhenhewasyoung.Afterheretired，hereturnedtohishometownwithhiswifeand1(settle)there.Hebegantotravelaroundthecountrytocollectfolktales.Hetalkedtoalotofvillagersofallagesfromdifferentplaces,only2(find)thattherewasadistinctdifferencebetweenthetalesfromtwodifferentplaces.Abouttwoyearslater,hereturnedtohishometownwithagreatmany3(interest)folktales.Itwashe4settheprogrammeReadingTalesinhisvillageinmotion.Therewasatrendthateachfamilysetasidesometimeforreadingtaleseveryday.Thatwasanenjoyabletime!Inaddition,hewas5innovativethathecomposedalotofsoftmusicfortheoldpeopleinhisvillage.Inhissparetime,healsomadesomelovelytoysusingsome6(use)wiresandotherwastematerials.Mostchildrenlovedthetoysverymuch.Thevillagersadmiredhis7(innovative)somuchthattheyallconsideredhimtobeagiftedtechnician.8contrast,hiswifewaslessactive.Sheoftendidsomehouseworkandseldomwentout.Whenshewasout,sheoftensatbytheriverallday,staringatthegeese9(float)ontheriver.She10(rare)joinedotherwomentalkingandlaughingthere,whichmadeMrLialittleworried.1．settled2.toeresting4.that/who5．so6.used/useless7.innovation8.By9．floating10.rarely完形填空Asayoungmom,Icanrememberlookingforwardtotheyearswhenmychildrenwouldbegrown.NotbecauseI___21___spendingeachdaywiththem,butbecauseIthoughtonceI’d___22___them,thenallmymomworrieswouldbeover.ButIwaswrong!Whenmysonsweregrown,Idiscoveredthattheworriesjustgotbiggerasthe___23___gotbigger.Whenmyadultchildrenhave___24___difficulttimes,I’verecalledthingsaboutthosewonderfuldayswhenalltheirproblemscouldbe___25___withahug.IthoughtaboutthatthispastweekasstoriesofHurricanelrma’scomingfilledthe___26___.Iheardforecasters(預報員)usethe“strongestwindsever___27___”.NotwordsIwantedtohearwhenthatstormwas___28___thestatewheremyson,daughter-in-law,andgrandsonlived.Iwasworriedas___29___ofdamageonislandswhereHuricaneIrmahadalreadyshowedher___30___appearedonmytelevisionscreen.Iwatchedand___31___anxiouslyasthestoriesgotbiggerandbiggeraboutthepowerfulimpactIrmawouldhaveonFlorida.Atfirst,mysonplannedtoleave,butthenasforecastersreportedthehuricane,ittookapathtotheeast,leavingtheFloridaoutof___32___hits.Theydecidedtostay,andallseemed___33___,untilsuddenlythestormbeganmovingwest.Thesemomworries___34___again,becausetheroadswerefilledwiththosefromSouthFloridawhowereleavingbeforetheircitiestookdirecthits.ThewaitleadinguptoHurricaneIrma’sarrivalwashard.Thewaittohearthatmypreciousfamilywereokayseemedlikeittook___35___.21.A.minded B.preferred C.quit D.kept22.A.improved B.raised C.admired D.mastered23.A.goals B.errors C.problems D.responsibilities24.A.gonethrough B.workedout C.givenup D.focusedon25.A.placed B.judged C.solved D.dropped26.A.movie B.news C.novel D.literature27.A.recorded B.printed C.typed D.scheduled28.A.exploring B.hitting C.changing D.shaking29.A.books B.photos C.gifts D.brochures30.A.view B.stress C.challenge D.anger31.A.worked B.commented C.waited D.complained32.A.direct B.narrow C.slim D.unique33.A.formal B.well C.possible D.strange34.A.died B.developed C.survived D.appeared35.A.moments B.hours C.centuries D.minutes【答案】21.A22.B23.C24.A25.C26.B27.A28.B29.B30.D31.C32.A33.B34.D35.C【導語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者用自己的親身經歷告訴大家，孩子無論多大，在父母的眼里都是孩子。父母永遠為孩子操心?！窘馕觥俊?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：不是因為我介意每天都和他們在一起，而是因為我覺得一旦我把他們養(yǎng)大，我作為媽媽的所有的擔心就結束了。A.minded介意；B.preferred偏愛；C.quit關閉；D.kept保持。根據前文“Asayoungmom,Icanrememberlookingforwardtotheyearswhenmychildrenwouldbegrown”可知，作為年輕的媽媽，我渴望孩子長大，所有此處指不是因為我介意每天都和他們在一起。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.improved改善；B.raised養(yǎng)育；C.admired欽佩；D.mastered掌握。根據前文“whenmychildrenwouldbegrown”可知，此處指一旦我把他們養(yǎng)大，我作為媽媽的擔心就沒有了。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當我的兒子們長大后，我發(fā)現隨著問題越來越嚴重，他們的擔憂也越來越大。A.goals目標；B.errors錯誤；C.problems問題；D.responsibilities責任。根據下文“I’verecalledthingsaboutthosewonderfuldayswhenalltheirproblemscouldbe5withahug.”可知，此處指問題越大，我的擔心就越多。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：當我成年的孩子們經歷困難時，我會回憶起那些美好的日子，那時他們所有的問題都可以通過一個擁抱解決。A.gonethrough經歷；B.workedout解決問題；C.givenup放棄；D.focusedon集中注意力。根據下文“difficulttimes”可知，此處指孩子們經歷困難，故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當我成年的孩子們經歷困難時，我會回憶起那些美好的日子，那時他們所有的問題都可以通過一個擁抱解決。A.placed放置；B.judged判斷；C.solved解決；D.dropped掉落。結合前文“alltheirproblems”可知，此處指用一個擁抱可以解決所有的問題。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在過去的一周里，當颶風“艾瑪”來襲的消息充斥在新聞中時，我就想到了這一點。A.movie電影；B.news新聞；C.novel小說；D.literature文學。根據下文“Iheardforecasters”可知，作者聽到氣象預報員說這次颶風的消息，所以此處指關于颶風艾瑪即將襲來的消息充斥在新聞中。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我聽說天氣預報員使用“有記錄以來最強的風”。A.recorded記錄；B.printed打??；C.typed打字；D.scheduled安排。根據上文“forecasters(預報員)