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試卷第=page11頁,共=sectionpages33頁Unit4單元綜合檢測(考試時(shí)間:120分鐘試卷滿分:150分)注意事項(xiàng):1.本試卷分第Ⅰ卷(選擇題)和第Ⅱ卷(非選擇題)兩部分。答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答第Ⅰ卷時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動,用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。寫在本試卷上無效。3.回答第Ⅱ卷時(shí),將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。4.考試結(jié)束后,將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共30分,略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2022·云南·昆明一中高一期中)AppstoHelpinaDisasterDisastersalmostalwaysarriveunexpectedly.Buttherearecomputerappstohelppeoplepreparefordisasters.Someappswarnuserswhenadisasterhastakenplace.SirenGPSMobileThefreeSirenGPSMobileappconnectsuserstoemergency(緊急事件)servicesatthetapofthescreen.Theappwillletemergencyworkersknowwherethepersoninneedis.Theappworksovercellphonenetworks.ButitalsoworksonWi-Fiifcellphonenetworksaredownafteranemergency.Userscancreateapersonalhealthreportontheapptosharewithemergencyservices.Thiswillprovideinformationaboutmedicinesthatuserstake,allergies(過敏反應(yīng))theymighthaveandothermedicalinformationimportanttotreatmentdecisions.Life360TheLife360appprovidesaservicetokeepthelovedonesconnected.Userscansetupanetworkofpeopletosharetheirlocation,chatandgetinformedwhentheyarenearsomeoneintheirnetwork.PeopleinthesamenetworkcanusetheapponiPhoneandAndroiddevices.Theapphelpsuserscommunicatewhentheyareindanger.Thelocationsharingfunctioncanbesuspended(暫停)whendesired.TheLife360appisfree,withsomeservicesavailableforafee.RedPanicButtonWhenapersonisindanger,theRedPanicButtonappmighthelp.Thisappcansendatextmessagetochosencontactsprovidingtheuser’slocation.Youcanalsoaddavoiceorvideomessageorphototoyourtextandemail.Thisappcanalsobeusedtocontactemergencyservices.RedPanicButtonisfree,butextrafeaturesareavailableforafee*FirstAidbyAmericanRedCrossThefreeFirstAidappbytheAmericanRedCrosshelpsguideusersingivingfirstaidtotheinjuredpeople.Theappcanalsohelpwithinformationtohelpplanfordroughts,floods,stormsandmore.Watchvideosandtaketestswithintheapp.UserscanswitchtheappfromEnglishtoSpanish.1.WhichisnotthefeatureoftheSirenGPSMobileapp?A.Itconnectsuserstoemergencyservices.B.Itisuselessifyourcellphonenetworkisdown.C.Rescuerscangetyourhealthinformationthroughit.D.Rescueworkerscanknowwheretheinjuredpersonis.2.WhatcanyoudoifyouhavetheLife360app?A.Watchoveryourlovedones’movements.B.Keepconnectedwiththoseinyournetwork.C.Shareyourhealthinformationwithdoctorsdirectly.D.Gethospitalinformationimmediatelywhenindanger.3.Whatmaybethebestchoiceifyouwanttogetinformationaboutdisastersinadvance?A.SirenGPSMobile. B.Life360.C.RedPanicButton. D.FirstAidbyAmericanRedCross.B(2022·河南·南陽市第二完全學(xué)校高級中學(xué)高一期中)IntheUnitedStates,morethan90peoplediedacrosssixsouthernstateswhenstrongwindsknownastornadoesdestroyedhomes,officebuildingsandreligiouscentersonFridaynight.VictorGensini,aweatherscientistatNorthernIllinoisUniversity,calledthetornadothattraveledhundredsofmilesonFriday“Remarkable.”Hesaidthetornadotraveledabout300kilometers.Normally,tornadoesdieoutinminutes,hesaid,butthisonelastedforhours.Hesaidthestormmovedasfastasacargoingdownalargeroadway.SuchweathereventsdohappeninDecember,buttheydonothappenoftenthistimeofyearbecausethetemperatureonthegroundisnotsodifferentfromthathighinthesky.However,peopleinKentuckysaidtheairwaswarmandwetonFriday.Weatherscientistssaidthemixingofthewarmandcoldaircancreate“instability(不穩(wěn)定)”whichproducesstormsandthefast,spinning(旋轉(zhuǎn)的)windsoftornadoes.Thequestioniswhetherthedeadlystormcamebecauseofclimatechange.Theweatherscientistsarenotcompletelysure.Gensinisaidstrongwindsarecommoninthewinter,buttheydonotcreatetornadoesbecausetheairclosetotheEarthisalsocold.HaroldBrooksstudiestornadoesattheNationalSevereStormsLaboratory.WhiletheUShasmoretornadoesthananyothercountry,tornadoesonlyformonceoutofevery10strongstorms.Asaresult,hesaid,itishardtosayifthewintertornadoeshavesomethingtodowithclimatechange.Gensini,however,saidtheconditionsforstrongstormsarebecomingmorecommoninthewinterastheplanetwarmsup.JasonFurtado,ascientistattheUniversityofOklahoma,saidinthepasttornadoeshappenedmoreoftenduringwarmdaysinthesummer.However,asthewinterbecomeswarmer,especiallyinthesouthernUS,thetornadoseasonwillchange.Morewillhappeninthewinterandfewerwillhappeninthesummer.HesaidpeoplewholiveinplaceslikeKentucky,whichsufferedthemostfromFriday’sstorms,arenowlivinginanareawheretornadoesarecommon.4.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthetornado“Remarkable”?A.Itistheworstoneonrecord. B.Itlastedonlyminutes.C.Itwasquitedamaging. D.Itonlytraveledalongtheroadway.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Whatisthecauseofthetornadoes.B.WhytheweatherchangesinDecember.C.HowspecialtheweatherisinDecember.D.Whatwerepeople’sattitudestothetornadoonFridaynight.6.WhichofthefollowingmayHaroldBrooksagreewith?A.Astrongstormusuallygrowsintoatornado.B.WintertornadoeswillbeacommonthingintheUS.C.TheUShasmoretornadoesinwinterthananyothercountry.D.Theconnectionbetweenwintertornadoesandclimatechangeisunknown.7.HowwilltornadoeschangeaccordingtoJasonFurtado?A.Theywilllastlongerandlonger.B.TheywillbecomeweakerinKentucky.C.Theywillhappenlessofteninthesummer.D.Theywilltravelfasterincoldermonths.C(2022·江西·臨川一中高一階段練習(xí))Checkoutourtsunamifactsandlearnsomeinterestinginformationrelatedtothesegreatwallsofwaterthatcancausesomuchdestruction.Findoutwhatcausestsunamisandreadaboutsomenotablerecentexamplesoftsunamisthathaveoccurredaroundtheglobe.Tsunamisarehugewavesofwaterthatareusuallycausedbyearthquakesorvolcaniceruptions.Asatsunamiapproachestheshore,watermaymovebackfromthecoast.Ifitisshallowenough,thewatermaybepulledbackhundredsofmeters.Ifyouareinthearea,observingthisisagoodindicationthatatsunamiisontheway.Regionsintsunamidangerzonesoftenhavewarningsystemsinplacetogivepeopleasmuchtimetoevacuateaspossible.Whentsunamishitshallowwater(oftennearthecoast),theyslowdownbutincreaseinheight.AnearthquakeintheIndianOceanoffIndonesiainDecember2004causedatsunamithatkilledover200,000peoplein14countries.InMarch2011,theTohokuearthquakeofftheeasterncoastofJapancausedatsunamithatwasamajorfactorinthedeathofover15,000people.ThetsunamiwavescreatedbytheTohokuearthquakereachedheightsofover40metres(131feet)inmineareas,wipingoutcoastaltownsandcausinganumberofnuclearaccidents.TheJapaneseword“tsunami”literallymeans“harbourwave”.Tsunamisaresometimesreferredtoastidalwavesbutthistermhasfallenoutoffavourbecausetsunamisarenotrelatedtotides.8.Whichofthefollowingshowsatsunamiiscomingsoon?A.Thewaterneartheshoreispulledback. B.Thewatermarchestowardsthecoast.C.Anearthquaketakesplace. D.Thewaterneartheshoreisveryshallow.9.IntheTohokuearthquake,over15,000peoplediedmainlybecauseof________.A.theearthquakeitself B.thelackofwarningsystemsC.thetsunamicausedbytheearthquake D.thenuclearaccidentscausedbythetsunami10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evacuate”inParagraph3mean?A.Leave. B.Watch. C.Explore. D.Communicate.11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thereisnosignbeforetheapproachofatsunami.B.MorepeoplediedinIndonesiatsunamithaninTohokutsunami.C.SomenuclearaccidentshappenedafterIndonesiatsunami.D.Theterm“tidalwave”isusedmoreoftenthan“tsunami.”D(2022·山西·柳林縣鑫飛中學(xué)高一期中)OnAugust14,2021,Haitiwashitbya7.2magnitude(級數(shù))earthquake.Thequakedestroyedthousandsofbuildings,injuredover5,700people,andleftatleast1,297othersdead.Haitihasdeclaredastateofemergency(緊急情況).TheearthquakestrucknearthetownofPetitTroudeNippes,inthewesternpartofthecountry.That’sroughly125kilometerswestofthecapital,Port-au-Prince.Theearthquakedidseriousdamageintwonearbycities,LesCayesandJeremie,withLesCayeshitthehardest.Homes,schools,churches,andofficeswereseriouslydamaged.Thenumberofinjuredpeoplewassohighthatlocalhospitalshavebeenunabletokeepup.AnumberofmedicalworkersatthegeneralhospitalinLesCayeswerethemselvestrappedinabuilding.Acrossthearea,peopleweresearchingthroughtherubble(廢墟)forsurvivors.Buttheearthquakealsocausedlandslides(塌方),makingthejobevenmoredifficult.Therehavebeenmanyaftershocks—smallerquakeswhichfollowthemainearthquake.Withmanybuildingsdamagedbytheearthquake,it’snotcertainwhetherthebuildingsstillstandingintheareaaresafe.Manypeoplearechoosingtosleepoutsideratherthantakingtheriskofsleepinginabuilding.Haitihasstillnotfullyreturnedtonormalfroma7.0magnitudeearthquakewhichdestroyedmuchofPort-au-Princeandkilledover200,000peoplein2010.Thecountrysufferedagainin2016,whenitwaspounded(襲擊)byHurricaneMatthew,whichcausedhugedamageinHaiti.StormGraceisexpectedtoreachHaitionMonday,bringingheavyrainfallwithit.SeveralcountrieshaveofferedtohelpHaiti.Thegovernmentsaysthecountrywon’tofficiallyaskforoutsidehelpuntilitisclearhowmuchdamagethereisinall.ButHaitiisnotarichcountry,andthegovernmentmaynothavethemoneyformajoreffortstorebuildthedamagedareas.12.Whichwasworstaffectedbythisyear’searthquake?A.Port-au-Prince. B.Jeremie. C.LesCayes. D.PetitTroudeNippes.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thejob”inParagraph3mean?A.Dealingwithlandslides. B.Searchingforsurvivors.C.Observingaftershocks. D.Doingbuildingsafety-checks.14.WhatdoweknowaboutHaiti?A.Ithasbeguntorebuildafterthisyear’searthquake.B.Ithasjustrecoveredfromthe2010earthquake.C.Itsufferedfromtwokindsofhurricanesin2016.D.Ithasexperiencedseriousdisastersinrecentyears.15.WhatisHaiti’sattitudetoseekingforeignaid?A.Doubtful. B.Favored. C.Cautious. D.Disapproving.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2022·廣西河池·高一期末)Unlikehurricanesorfloods,earthquakeshappenwithoutwarningandareusuallyfollowedbysimilaraftershocks,althoughtheaftershocksareusuallylesspowerfulthanthequake.Ifyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofanearthquake,there’softenonlyashorttimetodecidewhattodo.___16___●Droptotheground.Thedrop,cover,andholdontechniqueisthecousinofthefamous“stop,dropandroll”forfires.Whileit’snottheonlymethodofprotectingyourselfindoorsduringanearthquake,itisthepreferredmethodoftheRedCross.Bigearthquakesoccurwithoutmuch,ifany,warning.___17___Asmallearthquakecouldturnintoabigearthquakeinasplit-second;it’sbettertobesafethansorry.●Takecover.Getunderafirmtableorotherpieceoffurniture.___18___Ifthereisn’tatableordesknearyou,coveryourfaceandheadwithyourarmsandcrouch(蜷縮)inaninsidecornerofthebuilding.●Holdon.___19___Holdontowhateversurfaceorplatformyou’vegottenunderandwaitfortheshakingtostop.Ifyouwereunabletofindasurfacetohideunder,continuetokeepyourheadprotectedbyyourarmsandtucked(躲藏,隱藏)downlow.●___20___Researchershaveshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopletrytochangetheplaceofhidingorwhentheplaceiscrowdedandeveryonehasagoaltogetoutsidesafe.A.Stayinsideuntilit’ssafetogetout.B.Inthatcase,movetothenearestsafeplace.C.Stairsaredangerousplacestowalkduringanearthquake.D.Soit’srecommendedthatyoudroptothefloorassoonasithits.E.Ifpossible,stayawayfromwindowsandanythingthatcouldfall.F.Thegroundmaybeshakingandpiecesofwoodorbrickcouldbefalling.G.Studyingthefollowingadvicecouldbethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeath.第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。(2022·湖南·長沙一中高一期末)HurricaneHarveystruckTexasovertwoyearsago,andmanycommunitiescontinuetofeelitseffectstoday.Theareasthatwere____21____mostbyHarveywerealreadyfacingmanyeconomic____22____.AfterHarveyhit,thepeoplewhowere____23____tomeettheirbasicneedswerefacedwithhavingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheirhomesaswell.____24____Harveyandtheaffectedcommunities,theEastHarrisCountyRecoveryProjectwascreatedtohelpindividualsandfamiliesthatwerehitparticularly____25____bythehurricaneandsupportthemasthey____26____.Good360,anon-profitcharitygroup,is____27____topartnerwiththisorganizationtoassistthe____28____communities.Good360donatedbackpackstoEastHarrisCountyEmpowermentCouncilforstudentsreturningtoschoolthisfallwho____29____wouldnothavebeenabletobuynewbackpacks.Theweeks_____30_____thestartofschoolareparticularlyhardforfamilies.Parentsareoftenforcedtochoosebetweenhaving_____31_____onthedinnertable,puttinggasinthecar,andbuyingschool_____32_____fortheirchildren.Thedonationofbackpacksallowedthemto_____33_____meetingotherneeds.Onefamilyinthecountywasespeciallyimpactedbythisdonation.Whenitcametimetobuyschoolitems,themotherwas_____34_____thatshewouldnothaveenoughmoneyforhertwochildreninschool.ThankstoGood360’s_____35_____,bothchildrenreceivedbrandnewbackpacks.21.A.a(chǎn)pplied B.hit C.funded D.relieved22.A.challenges B.impressions C.currents D.services23.A.signaling B.struggling C.confirming D.marching24.A.Incaseof B.Inadditionto C.Inresponseto D.Inplaceof25.A.fancy B.ordinary C.hard D.orderly26.A.recover B.revise C.reflect D.retire27.A.shocked B.unlikely C.a(chǎn)nxious D.proud28.A.defeated B.deserted C.unearthed D.impacted29.A.otherwise B.further C.entirely D.moreover30.A.settingalimittoB.referringto C.leadingupto D.givingriseto31.A.fun B.food C.difficulty D.a(chǎn)rgument32.A.games B.business C.sources D.supplies33.A.focuson B.occurto C.drawon D.bringup34.A.inspired B.concerned C.determined D.scared35.A.procedure B.rescue C.donation D.power第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)(2022·海南·高一期末)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式,并將答案填寫在答題卡上。OnFebruary16,1861,abigearthquakestruckSumatra,anIndonesianisland.Theearthquakeshookthewesternsideoftheisland,___36___(cause)atsunami(海嘯).Thatwallofwaterpouredontoshore,destroyingtownsandtakingthousandsof___37___(life).Recently,though,ateamofscientistsdiscoveredthatanotherearthquakeoccurredbeforethisdeadlyevent.Accordingtotherecord,thatearthquake___38___(start)in1829andlastedfor32yearsbutnoonefeltevenoneshake.Thiskindofslow-movingearthquake___39___(call)“silentearthquakes”becausenoinstrumentcanfindthem.Scientistshaveonlybegundiscoveringthembecause___40___theadvancesinGPStechnologyinthelasttwentyyears.___41___(figure)outwhatisgoingonundertheground,scientistsneedtostudyearthquakes.Everyearthquake,eithersmall___42___big,canteachscientistssomethingabouthowmuchthegroundwillshakeinthefuture.Unluckily,noonecanpredict(預(yù)測)whenanearthquakewillhit.Scientistsjusthavetopreparetostudyallearthquakes___43___strike.ButsilentearthquakesliketheoneinSumatrachangethegameforscientists.Thesesilentearthquakeshappenallover___44___world.Sometimes,asilentearthquakehappensjustbeforearegularone,bothofwhichmightberelated.Bystudyingsilentearthquakes,scientistshopetobetterunderstandregularearthquakesand___45___(possible)predictthem.第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.(2022·湖北·十堰市教育科學(xué)研究院高一期末)假定你是李華,你校將舉辦一場以“Howtosurviveanearthquake”為主題的講座。請你寫封郵件邀請你的外國朋友George參加,內(nèi)容包括:1.郵件的目的;2.講座的主要內(nèi)容;3.講座的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。注意:1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearGeorge,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.(2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城區(qū)教學(xué)研究室高一期中)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Theconceptofcomfortzone(舒適區(qū))referstoapsychologicalstateinwhichwefeelsafeanddonotexperienceanxietyorfear.Itisa“space”thatweknowcompletelyandinwhichwecontrolalmosteverything.Yourcomfortzonerepresentsthingsyou’refamiliarwith,yourregularhaunts,friendsyou’reateasewith,andactivitiesyoulovedoing.Yourcomfortzone’sriskfree.It’seasy.Itdoesn’tcauseyoutostretch.Withintheseboundarieswefeelsafeandsecure.DuringmysenioryearincollegeIwasshortafewcredits,andsoIskimmedthroughtheclassschedulelookingforsomethingtofillthehours.WhenIcameacross“PrivateVoiceInstruction”asinsinginglessons,Ithought,“Whynotstepoutsidemycomfortzoneandgiveitatry?”IwascarefultosignupforprivatelessonsinsteadofgrouplessonsbecauseIdidn’twanttomakeafoolofmyselfbysinginginfrontofotherstudents.Thingswentfineuntiltheendofthesemesterwhenmysingingprofessorbroughttheshockingnews.“Bytheway,Sean,haveyoudecidedwhichsongyouwanttosingattherecital?”“Whatdoyoumean?”Iaskedinhorror.“Well,theclassrequirementsstatethatyouhavetosingatleastonetimeinfrontoftheotherprivatevoicestudents.”“Thatwouldnotbeagoodidea,”Isaidemphatically.“Oh,it’snobigdeal.You’lldofine.”Well,tomeitwasahugedeal.Thethoughtofsinginginfrontofagroupmademephysicallysick.“HowamIgoingtogetoutofthisone?”Ithought.ButIcouldn’tallowmyselftodothatbecauseIhadbeenspeakingtovariousgroupsoverthepastyearadvisingthemtoneverletfearsmaketheirdecisions.“Courage,Sean.”Ikeptsayinginmymind.“You’vegottoatleasttry.”注意:1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Thatfrighteningdayfinallyarrived._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ilefttheclassroomasifaheavyloadhadbeenlifted._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案第=page11頁,共=sectionpages22頁參考答案:1.B2.B3.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。介紹了在災(zāi)難時(shí)有幫助的幾款應(yīng)用程序。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SirenGPSMobile下列第二段中“ButitalsoworksonWi-Fiifcellphonenetworksaredownafteranemergency.(但如果緊急情況下手機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中斷,它也可以在Wi-Fi上運(yùn)行。)”可知,選項(xiàng)B“如果你的手機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)壞了,它就沒用了?!辈皇荢irenGPSMobile應(yīng)用程序的特點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Life360下列第一段中“TheLife360appprovidesaservicetokeepthelovedonesconnected.(Life360應(yīng)用程序提供了一種讓親人保持聯(lián)系的服務(wù)。)”可知,如果你有Life360應(yīng)用程序,你能和你社交圈里的人保持聯(lián)系。故選B項(xiàng)。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)FirstAidbyAmericanRedCross下列段落中“Theappcanalsohelpwithinformationtohelpplanfordroughts,floods,stormsandmore.(該應(yīng)用程序還可以提供信息,有助于對干旱、洪水、風(fēng)暴等做出計(jì)劃。)”可知,如果你想提前獲得災(zāi)難的信息,最好的選擇是FirstAidbyAmericanRedCross。故選D項(xiàng)。4.C5.A6.D7.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在美國,過去龍卷風(fēng)經(jīng)常發(fā)生在溫暖的夏季,而現(xiàn)在,隨著冬季溫度越來越高,美國南部地區(qū)龍卷風(fēng)發(fā)生的頻率也越來越高。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“IntheUnitedStates,morethan90peoplediedacrosssixsouthernstateswhenstrongwindsknownastornadoesdestroyedhomes,officebuildingsandreligiouscentersonFridaynight.VictorGensini,aweatherscientistatNorthernIllinoisUniversity,calledthetornadothattraveledhundredsofmilesonFriday“Remarkable.”(在美國,周五晚上,龍卷風(fēng)摧毀了房屋、辦公樓和宗教中心,造成南部6個州90多人死亡。北伊利諾伊大學(xué)的氣象學(xué)家維克多·根西尼稱周五席卷數(shù)百英里的龍卷風(fēng)為“異常的”)?!笨赏茢?,這個龍卷風(fēng)造成了極大地毀壞。故選C。5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Weatherscientistssaidthemixingofthewarmandcoldaircancreate“instability(不穩(wěn)定)”whichproducesstormsandthefast,spinning(旋轉(zhuǎn)的)windsoftornadoes.(氣象學(xué)家表示,暖空氣和冷空氣的混合會造成“不穩(wěn)定”,從而產(chǎn)生風(fēng)暴和快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的龍卷風(fēng)。)”可知,本段講的是龍卷風(fēng)是如何形成的。故選A。6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Asaresult,hesaid,itishardtosayifthewintertornadoeshavesomethingtodowithclimatechange.(因此,他說,很難說冬季龍卷風(fēng)是否與氣候變化有關(guān)。)”可知,HaroldBrooks認(rèn)為冬季龍卷風(fēng)和氣候變化之間是否有聯(lián)系并不可知。故選D。7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“However,asthewinterbecomeswarmer,especiallyinthesouthernUS,thetornadoseasonwillchange.Morewillhappeninthewinterandfewerwillhappeninthesummer.(然而,隨著冬天變暖,尤其是在美國南部,龍卷風(fēng)季節(jié)將會改變。冬天會發(fā)生更多,夏天會發(fā)生更少。)”可知,JasonFurtado認(rèn)為,以后在夏季,龍卷風(fēng)將會發(fā)生的更少。故選項(xiàng)C。8.A9.C10.A11.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了海嘯的危害并舉了一些例子。8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Asatsunamiapproachestheshore,watermaymovebackfromthecoast.Ifitisshallowenough,thewatermaybepulledbackhundredsofmeters.Ifyouareinthearea,observingthisisagoodindicationthatatsunamiisontheway.(當(dāng)海嘯接近海岸時(shí),海水可能會從海岸回流。如果它足夠淺,水可能被拉回?cái)?shù)百米。如果你在該地區(qū),觀察這是一個很好的跡象,表明海嘯即將來臨。)”可知,海岸附近的水向后退去了,可顯示海嘯即將來臨。故選A。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“InMarch2011,theTohokuearthquakeofftheeasterncoastofJapancausedatsunamithatwasamajorfactorinthedeathofover15,000people.(2011年3月,日本東海岸附近的東北地震引發(fā)了海嘯,這是造成15000多人死亡的主要因素。)”可知,在日本東北部的地震中,超過15000人死亡,主要是因?yàn)榈卣鹨l(fā)的海嘯。故選C。10.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞前半句“Regionsintsunamidangerzonesoftenhavewarningsystemsinplacetogivepeopleasmuchtimeto(處于海嘯危險(xiǎn)區(qū)的地區(qū)通常設(shè)有預(yù)警系統(tǒng),以便給人們盡可能多的時(shí)間)”可知,設(shè)有預(yù)警系統(tǒng)是為了提醒人們盡可能地撤離,所以evacuate為“逃離”之意。故選A。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“AnearthquakeintheIndianOceanoffIndonesiainDecember2004causedatsunamithatkilledover200,000peoplein14countries.InMarch2011,theTohokuearthquakeofftheeasterncoastofJapancausedatsunamithatwasamajorfactorinthedeathofover15,000people.(2004年12月,印度尼西亞附近的印度洋發(fā)生地震,引發(fā)海嘯,造成14個國家20多萬人死亡。2011年3月,日本東海岸附近的東北地震引發(fā)了海嘯,這是造成15000多人死亡的主要因素。)”根據(jù)印度尼西亞和日本東海岸附近的東北地震死亡人數(shù)數(shù)字比較可知,印度尼西亞海嘯的死亡人數(shù)比東北部海嘯的死亡人數(shù)還多。故選B。12.C13.B14.D15.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。短文介紹了海地2010年和2021年發(fā)生地震的情況以及2016年遭受颶風(fēng)襲擊的情況。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theearthquakedidseriousdamageintwonearbycities,LesCayesandJeremie,withLesCayeshitthehardest.”(地震在附近兩個城市造成了嚴(yán)重破壞,LesCayesandJeremie,其中LesCayes受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重)可知,LesCayes受災(zāi)最嚴(yán)重。故選C項(xiàng)。13.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Acrossthearea,peopleweresearchingthroughtherubble(廢墟)forsurvivors.”(整個地區(qū)的人們都在廢墟中搜尋幸存者)可知,但地震也造成了山體滑坡,這使得搜尋幸存者更加困難。所以劃線詞指的是“搜尋幸存者”。故選B項(xiàng)。14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“OnAugust14,2021,Haitiwashitbya7.2magnitude(級數(shù))earthquake.”(2021年8月14日,海地發(fā)生7.2級地震)以及倒數(shù)第二段“Haitihasstillnotfullyreturnedtonormalfroma7.0magnitudeearthquakewhichdestroyedmuchofPort-au-Princeandkilledover200,000peoplein2010.Thecountrysufferedagainin2016,whenitwaspounded(襲擊)byHurricaneMatthew,whichcausedhugedamageinHaiti.”(2010年,海地發(fā)生7.0級地震,摧毀了太子港大部分地區(qū),造成20多萬人死亡,目前海地還沒有完全恢復(fù)正常。2016年,海地再次遭受颶風(fēng)馬修的襲擊,造成巨大損失)由此可知,近年來,海地經(jīng)歷了嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)害。故選D項(xiàng)。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“SeveralcountrieshaveofferedtohelpHaiti.Thegovernmentsaysthecountrywon’tofficiallyaskforoutsidehelpuntilitisclearhowmuchdamagethereisinall.”(一些國家已經(jīng)表示愿意幫助海地。政府表示,該國不會正式尋求外界幫助,直到弄清總共的損失有多大)由此判斷出,海地對尋求外援持謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。故選C項(xiàng)。16.G17.D18.E19.F20.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了幾條地震時(shí)該如何反應(yīng)的建議。16.上文“Ifyoufindyourselfinthemiddleofanearthquake,there’softenonlyashorttimetodecidewhattodo.(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處地震之中,通常只有很短的時(shí)間來決定該做什么)”說明身處地震中,決定該做什么的時(shí)間很短,G項(xiàng)“研究以下建議可能是生與死的區(qū)別?!背薪由衔?,引出下文內(nèi)容,符合題意。故選G。17.本段標(biāo)題句“Droptotheground.(臥倒在地上)”說明本段給出的建議是臥倒在地,D項(xiàng)中droptothefloor是關(guān)鍵短語,D項(xiàng)“所以建議地震一發(fā)生你就臥倒在地?!狈媳径沃髦?。故選D。18.本段標(biāo)題句“Takecover.(躲起來)”說明本段給出的建議是躲起來,以及上文“Getunderafirmtableorotherpieceoffurniture.(躲到堅(jiān)硬的桌子或其他家具下面)”說明躲起來時(shí)應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng),E項(xiàng)“如果可能的話,遠(yuǎn)離窗戶和任何可能墜落的物體?!崩^續(xù)介紹躲起來時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng),符合題意。故選E。19.下文“Holdontowhateversurfaceorplatformyou’vegottenunderandwaitfortheshakingtostop.(固守你已經(jīng)到達(dá)的任何表面或平臺下邊,等待震動停止)”說明要待在相對安全的地方,等待震動停止,F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“地面可能會晃動,木塊或磚塊可能會掉落。”解釋下文動作的原因,符合題意。故選F。20.下文“Researchershaveshownthatmostinjurieshappenwhenpeopletrytochangetheplaceofhidingorwhentheplaceiscrowdedandeveryonehasagoaltogetoutsidesafe.(研究人員已經(jīng)表明,大多數(shù)傷害發(fā)生在人們試圖改變躲藏地點(diǎn),或當(dāng)這個地方很擁擠,每個人都有一個目標(biāo),以安全逃出的時(shí)候)”說明大多數(shù)傷害發(fā)生在人們試圖改變躲藏的地點(diǎn)或者每個人都想出去時(shí),A項(xiàng)“待在里面,直到出去是安全的。”說明在確認(rèn)安全之前待在里面,引出下文內(nèi)容,符合題意。故選A。21.B22.A23.B24.C25.C26.A27.D28.D29.A30.C31.B32.D33.A34.B35.C【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了颶風(fēng)哈維襲擊了德克薩斯州之后,政府和慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助災(zāi)區(qū)人民恢復(fù)生活,度過難關(guān)的故事。21.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:受哈維打擊最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)已經(jīng)面臨許多經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)。A.applied應(yīng)用,申請;B.hit打擊;C.funded資助;D.relieved緩解。根據(jù)上文“HurricaneHarveystruckTexas”及下文“AfterHarveyhit”可知,此處指受颶風(fēng)打擊最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)。故選B項(xiàng)。22.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:受哈維打擊最嚴(yán)重的地區(qū)已經(jīng)面臨許多經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)。A.challenges挑戰(zhàn);B.impressions印象;C.currents趨勢;D.services服務(wù)。根據(jù)后文“thepeoplewhowere3tomeettheirbasicneedswerefacedwithhavingtorebuildtheirlivesandtheirhomesaswell”可知,他們遇到許多經(jīng)濟(jì)挑戰(zhàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。23.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:哈維襲擊后,那些努力滿足基本需求的人們面臨著重建生活和家園的問題。A.signaling發(fā)信號;B.struggling掙扎,奮斗,努力;C.confirming證實(shí);D.marching行進(jìn)。根據(jù)前文“AfterHarveyhit”及后文“tomeettheirbasicneeds”可知,在颶風(fēng)襲擊之后,災(zāi)民需要努力滿足基本需求。故選B項(xiàng)。24.考查介詞固定短語詞義辨析。句意:為了應(yīng)對哈維和受災(zāi)的社區(qū),政府創(chuàng)建了東哈里斯縣恢復(fù)工程,以幫助遭受颶風(fēng)重創(chuàng)的個人和家庭,并在他們恢復(fù)時(shí)提供支持。A.Incaseof萬一,如果發(fā)生……;B.Inadditionto另外;C.Inresponseto作為回應(yīng),應(yīng)對;D.Inplaceof替代。根據(jù)后文“theEastHarrisCountyRecoveryProjectwascreatedtohelpindividualsandfamiliesthatwerehitparticularly5bythehurricane”可知,恢復(fù)工程的創(chuàng)建是為了應(yīng)對颶風(fēng)給災(zāi)區(qū)人民帶來的災(zāi)害。故選C項(xiàng)。25.考查形容詞(副詞)詞義辨析。句意:為了應(yīng)對哈維和受災(zāi)的社區(qū),政府創(chuàng)建了東哈里斯縣恢復(fù)工程,以幫助遭受颶風(fēng)重創(chuàng)的個人和家庭,并在他們恢復(fù)時(shí)提供支持。A.fancy精致的;B.ordinary普通的;C.hard艱難的,沉重地,猛烈地;D.orderly有序的。根據(jù)前文“Theareasthatwere1mostbyHarveywerealreadyfacingmanyeconomic2.”可知,恢復(fù)工程要幫助災(zāi)民,尤其是遭到颶風(fēng)猛烈打擊的災(zāi)民。故選C項(xiàng)。26.考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:為了應(yīng)對哈維和受災(zāi)的社區(qū),創(chuàng)建了東哈里斯縣恢復(fù)工程,以幫助遭受颶風(fēng)重創(chuàng)的個人和家庭,并在他們恢復(fù)時(shí)提供支持。A.recover恢復(fù);B.revise修改;C.reflect反應(yīng);D.retire退休。根據(jù)常識和前文“theEastHarrisCountyRecoveryProject”可知,恢復(fù)工程在災(zāi)民恢復(fù)生活時(shí),提供支持。故選A項(xiàng)。27.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:Good360是一家非營利性慈善團(tuán)體,很榮幸能與該組織合作,幫助受影響的社區(qū)。A.shocked震驚的;B.unlikely不大可能的;C.anxious焦慮的;D.proud自豪的。根據(jù)前文“anon-profitcharitygroup”和后文“topartnerwiththisorganizationtoassistthe8communities”可知,作為一家非營利慈善機(jī)構(gòu),能幫助災(zāi)民度過難關(guān)感到非常自豪。故選D項(xiàng)。28.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:Good360是一家非營利性慈善團(tuán)體,很榮幸能與該組織合作,幫助受影響的社區(qū)。A.defeated被擊敗的;B.deserted被遺棄的;C.unearthed被發(fā)掘的;D.impacted受影響的?;谇拔姆治隹芍?,颶風(fēng)襲擊了該地區(qū),所以慈善機(jī)構(gòu)幫助受影響的社區(qū)。故選D項(xiàng)。29.考查副詞詞義辨析。句意:Good360向東哈里斯縣賦權(quán)委員會捐贈了背包,以幫助今年秋季返校的學(xué)生,否則他們將無法購買新的背包。A.otherwise否則;B.further進(jìn)一步;C.entirely完全地;D.moreover此外。根據(jù)語境和后文“wo

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