卷11-限時小卷(解析版)

小題素養(yǎng)卷——培素養(yǎng)，穩(wěn)實力【小題小卷】沖刺2023年高考英語小題限時集訓(xùn)（解析版）專題11三合一難度：★★★★☆建議用時：30分鐘正確率：Passage1閱讀理解Avoidthesupermarketshelvespiledwithcheese,cupcakesandpies.ThatisthemessageofananalysisthatfoundtheseitemsaretheworstwhenlookingatbothnutritionalandenvironmentalimpactsofthousandsoffoodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.Sofar,moststudieshavefocusedontheenvironmentalimpactofgoodssuchasbeeforbeans,ratherthantofuandotherproductsthatshoppersoftenbuy.Whereresearchhasfocusedonsuchproducts,ithasusuallybeenforasmallnumberofthem.Inabidtobridgethegap,MichealClarkattheUniversityofOxfordandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan57,000foodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.Theteamtooktheingredients(成份)datafromeightretailers(零售商),includingmajorsupermarketsTescoandSainsbury’s.However,precisefiguresonhowmuchofeachingredientisineachproductwereonlyavailableforaroundatenthofthem.Toestimatetherest,Clarkandhiscolleaguestrainedanalgorithm(算法)ontheknownproductsandusedittopredictthecompositionoftheunknownones.Finally,theteamlinkedalltheingredientstoanexistingdatabaseofenvironmentalimpacts,includingemissions(排放),landuseandwaterstress.Theresultsmaycomeasnosurprise:meat,fishandcheeseproductshadhighestenvironmentalimpactwhilefruit,vegetables,breadandsugarydrinkproductshadthelowestburden.Clarkadmitsthatnoneofthisisexciting,givenwhatwealreadyknewfrompastresearch.“Whatisimportantisthatyoucanstartgettingtheseimpactestimatesforproductsthatpeoplearepurchasing,whichthenhasalotofeffects,”hesays.Oneofthoseiseco-lables,whichcanhelpconsumerstomakegreenerchoices.However,retailershavestruggledinthepastwiththechallengeofthelargenumberoffood.Clarkisthinkingabouthowtoeventuallyturnthedataintoanappthatcouldbeusedeitherbyshoppersorbyretailerswantingtoreducetheirenvironmentalimpact.“We’vemadethatinformationavailableinawaythatmeanspeoplecanstartmakinginformeddecisions,”hesays.1.WhatisthepurposeofClark’sstudy?A.Tosolvetheenvironmentalproblemswithsomeproducts.B.Topointoutthemistakesofthepreviousresearch.C.Tofocusontheimportantingredientsdatafromretailers.D.Toestimatetheenvironmentalimpactoffrequently-boughtproducts.2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.TheprocessofClark’sstudy. B.TheresultofClark’sstudy.C.ThesignificanceofClark’sstudy. D.ThelimitationofClark’sstudy.3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutClark’sstudyfromParagraph3?A.Surprising. B.Worrying. C.Meaningful. D.Doubtful.4.WhichofthefollowingproductsshouldpeoplebuyaccordingtoClark’sstudy?A.Nutritiousfoodlikebeefandeggs. B.Greenfoodlikecarrotsandbananas.C.Healthyfoodlikefishandtofu. D.Freshfoodlikemilkandchicken【答案】1.D2.A3.C4.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是針對食物對環(huán)境的影響的研究。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Sofar,moststudieshavefocusedontheenvironmentalimpactofgoodssuchasbeeforbeans,ratherthantofuandotherproductsthatshoppersoftenbuy.(到目前為止，大多數(shù)研究都集中在牛肉或豆類等商品對環(huán)境的影響上，而不是豆腐和其他消費(fèi)者經(jīng)常購買的產(chǎn)品。)”和第二段的“Inabidtobridgethegap,MichealClarkattheUniversityofOxfordandhiscolleaguesanalyzedmorethan57,000foodanddrinkproductssoldintheUKandIreland.(為了彌補(bǔ)這一差距，牛津大學(xué)的MichealClark和他的同事分析了在英國和愛爾蘭銷售的57000多種食品和飲料。)”可知，克拉克研究的目的是評估經(jīng)常購買的產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響。故選D。【2題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Theteamtooktheingredients(成份)datafromeightretailers(零售商),includingmajorsupermarketsTescoandSainsbury’s.However,precisefiguresonhowmuchofeachingredientisineachproductwereonlyavailableforaroundatenthofthem.Toestimatetherest,Clarkandhiscolleaguestrainedanalgorithm(算法)ontheknownproductsandusedittopredictthecompositionoftheunknownones.Finally,theteamlinkedalltheingredientstoanexistingdatabaseofenvironmentalimpacts,includingemissions(排放),landuseandwaterstress.(研究小組從8家零售商那里獲取了配料數(shù)據(jù)，其中包括大型超市樂購和塞恩斯伯里。然而，關(guān)于每種產(chǎn)品中每種成分含量的精確數(shù)據(jù)僅為其中的十分之一左右。為了估計剩下的，克拉克和他的同事們在已知產(chǎn)物上訓(xùn)練了一種算法，并用它來預(yù)測未知產(chǎn)物的組成。最后，研究小組將所有成分與現(xiàn)有的環(huán)境影響數(shù)據(jù)庫聯(lián)系起來，包括排放、土地使用和水資源壓力。)”可知，第二段主要講的是克拉克的研究過程。故選A。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Whatisimportantisthatyoucanstartgettingtheseimpactestimatesforproductsthatpeoplearepurchasing,whichthenhasalotofeffects(重要的是，你可以開始對人們正在購買的產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行這些影響評估，這會產(chǎn)生很多影響)”可知，從第3段可以推斷出克拉克的研究是有意義的。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Theresultsmaycomeasnosurprise:meat,fishandcheeseproductshadhighestenvironmentalimpactwhilefruit,vegetables,breadandsugarydrinkproductshadthelowestburden.(研究結(jié)果可能并不令人驚訝：肉類、魚類和奶酪產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響最大，而水果、蔬菜、面包和含糖飲料產(chǎn)品對環(huán)境的影響最低。)”和最后一段的“Oneofthoseiseco-lables,whichcanhelpconsumerstomakegreenerchoices.(其中之一就是生態(tài)標(biāo)簽，它可以幫助消費(fèi)者做出更環(huán)保的選擇。)”可知，根據(jù)克拉克的研究，人們應(yīng)該購買綠色食物，如胡蘿卜和香蕉。故選B。Passage2七選五閱讀Differentparentshavedifferentreactionstolearningthattheirchildrenmightbeexperiencingbullying(欺凌).Somemaybelievethatthebullyingisawayto“toughenthemup”.Othersmightbecomesoangrythattheywanttofacethebulliesthemselvesormaypushtheirchildrentofightback.____5____It’smuchbettertotrytocalmyourselfdownandfindwaystosolvetheproblem.Herearesomesuggestionsthatexpertsrecommend.Talkaboutbullying.Oneofthebestwaystohelpyourbulliedchildistosimplytalkaboutbullying.Notabouttheirbullyspecificallyorthetroublethey’regoingthrough,butwhybullyinghappens,howbulliestypicallywork,andwhattheycandotomakeitstopandhelpothers.Theyalsoneedtounderstandthatbulliesarenevertoblameforbullyingbecausefartoomanyofthemcanfeelguiltyandevenbecomedepressed.____6________7____Alotofkidswon’tbecomfortablecomingtotheirparentsforhelpforavarietyofreasons,soit’simportantthatyoudoeverythingyoucantoshowthemthattalkingtoyouaboutaproblemissomethingsafe.Makesuretheyknowthatyoucareandthatyou’rewillingtolistennomatterwhat,butdon’tpressthemforinformationortheymightretreatfurtherintothemselves.Documenteverything.____8____Schoolauthoritieswilloftenwantproofifyougotothemwithaccusation,andthecourtwillcertainlyneeditifitgetstothepointthatyouneedtomakeitalegalmatter.Justasimportantly,hangingontothingslikee-mailscanreallyhelpifyoursonordaughterisbeingtargetedbyanonymousbullies,becauseauthoritiessometimesusethatinformationtotrackdownthebully.Gotoofficials.Lettingbullyinggotoofarcanleadtoallkindsofpotentialphysicalandpsychologicaldamage.____9____Meetingslikethiscangooneoftwoways—youcanfocusontheproblembyyourselfandmakeactionsagainstthebullies,oryoucanworkwithschoolofficialstostartprogramsthateducatetheirstudentsaboutbullyingandseektocontrolitintheschool.A.Keepaneyeoutforyourchild.B.Makeyourselfavailabletoyourchild.C.Thesechoicesarerarelytherightwaytohandlebullying.D.Sometimesyouhavetogotoschoolofficialstogetitstopped.E.Youhaveanumberofoptionsavailabletoyoudependingonyourpersonality.F.Iftherearerecordsofyourchildbeingbullied,itisvitaltoholdontotheevidence.G.Inthisway,youcanarmyourchildwithinformationtheycanusetosolvetheproblem.【答案】.C.G.BF.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。不同的父母在得知孩子可能遭遇欺凌時有不同的反應(yīng)，文章介紹了一些專家建議的建議。【5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somemaybelievethatthebullyingisawayto“toughenthemup”.Othersmightbecomesoangrythattheywanttofacethebulliesthemselvesormaypushtheirchildrentofightback.(有些人可能認(rèn)為欺凌是一種“讓他們堅強(qiáng)起來”的方式。其他人可能會變得非常憤怒，想要自己面對欺凌者，或者可能會迫使他們的孩子反擊)”及下文“It’smuchbettertotrytocalmyourselfdownandfindwaystosolvetheproblem.Herearesomesuggestionsthatexpertsrecommend.(最好是讓自己冷靜下來，找到解決問題的方法。以下是專家推薦的一些建議)”可知，上文提到的做法并不正確。由此可知，C.Thesechoicesarerarelytherightwaytohandlebullying.(這些選擇很少是處理欺凌的正確方式)能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選C。【6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Theyalsoneedtounderstandthatbulliesarenevertoblameforbullyingbecausefartoomanyofthemcanfeelguiltyandevenbecomedepressed.(他們還需要明白，欺凌者永遠(yuǎn)不應(yīng)該因為欺凌而受到指責(zé)，因為他們中有太多的人會感到內(nèi)疚，甚至變得抑郁)”可知，需要讓孩子了解一些信息。由此可知，G.Inthisway,youcanarmyourchildwithinformationtheycanusetosolvetheproblem.(通過這種方式，你可以用他們可以用來解決問題的信息武裝你的孩子)能夠承接上文，符合語境。故選G。【7題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Alotofkidswon’tbecomfortablecomingtotheirparentsforhelpforavarietyofreasons,soit’simportantthatyoudoeverythingyoucantoshowthemthattalkingtoyouaboutaproblemissomethingsafe.(很多孩子會因為各種各樣的原因不愿意向父母尋求幫助，所以你要盡你所能向他們表明，和你談?wù)搯栴}是安全的，這很重要)”可知，父母要讓孩子隨時能找你需求幫助。由此可知，B.Makeyourselfavailabletoyourchild.(讓你的孩子隨時能找你)符合語境。故選B?！?題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Documenteverything.(記錄一切)”及下文“Schoolauthoritieswilloftenwantproofifyougotothemwithaccusation,andthecourtwillcertainlyneeditifitgetstothepointthatyouneedtomakeitalegalmatter.(如果你向?qū)W校提出指控，他們通常會要求證據(jù)，如果你需要將其列為法律問題，法院當(dāng)然也會需要證據(jù))”可知，保留證據(jù)很重要。由此可知，F(xiàn).Iftherearerecordsofyourchildbeingbullied,itisvitaltoholdontotheevidence.(如果有你的孩子被欺負(fù)的記錄，重要的是要抓住證據(jù))能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選F?！?題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Gotoofficials.(去找官員)”及下文“Meetingslikethiscangooneoftwoways—youcanfocusontheproblembyyourselfandmakeactionsagainstthebullies,oryoucanworkwithschoolofficialstostartprogramsthateducatetheirstudentsaboutbullyingandseektocontrolitintheschool.(像這樣的會面可以采取兩種方式之一——你可以自己關(guān)注問題，并對欺凌者采取行動，或者你可以與學(xué)校官員合作，啟動項目，教育學(xué)生有關(guān)欺凌的知識，并尋求在學(xué)?？刂破哿?”可知，此處在講述到學(xué)校官員那里需求幫助。由此可知，D.Sometimesyouhavetogotoschoolofficialstogetitstopped.(有時你不得不去學(xué)校官員那里阻止它)能夠承上啟下，符合語境。故選D。Passage3語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThehistoryofChineseTeachers5Day___41___(date)backtotheHanDynasty.Itisadayofrespectingteachersandeducation.Inthepast,onAugust27eachyear,thebirthdayofConfucius,theemperor,___42___(follow)bycourtofficials,wouldgotoConfucius'templeinhonoroftheancientphilosopherandwouldalsoinviteroyalteacherstothecourtforafeast.Andonthisday,teachersaroundthenationenjoyed___43___day'sbreakand___44___(give)driedmeatasgifts.Excellentteacherswouldbechosenfromacademiesand___45___(institution)acrossthecountrytoreport___46___(they)deedstotheroyalcourtandbepresentedwith500liangsilvercoinsasawards.IntheQingDynasty,well-performingteacherswouldbepromotedto___47___(high)positionsthanbeforeorobtainasalaryrise.Thecustomstoshowrespecttoteachersvariedfromregiontoregion.Today,thegoalofTeachers5Dayistoformasocialclimate___48___teachersarerespectedandknowledgeisvalued.Anditsdateis___49___（official）setatthebeginningoftheschoolyear.Thecelebrationincludescongratulations____50____students,recommendingoutstandingteachers,theexchangeofideasamongteachers,andsoon.【答案】41.dates42.followed43.a44.weregiven45.institutio