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2022年中考英語考點(diǎn)8動(dòng)詞

(一)知識(shí)概要

動(dòng)詞在語言中是必不可少的一局部。它的語法現(xiàn)象也較多,但在初中范圍主要有以下幾

方面問題。①時(shí)態(tài):初中范圍主要有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),

將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。②語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)。③助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。④非

謂語動(dòng)詞,也就是不定式,動(dòng)名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。時(shí)態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用

要點(diǎn)和習(xí)慣用法。

1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):主要有以下三方面,①用來表示狀態(tài),特征或不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在

和真理。如:Matterexistsinthreestates物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如:Theearthmovesaroundthe

sun②表示習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,$n:Ioftengotobedat930③在時(shí)間、條

件等狀語從句中表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:AssoonasIgetthereI'lltelephoneyou.

2一般過去時(shí):①主要用于表達(dá)過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),如:Iwasilllast

week②過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,如:Iusedtogetupatsix.

4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):用于表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,如:Whatareyoudoingnow要注意的是

表示狀態(tài),情感的某些詞沒有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞有:like,have(有),love,know,understand,

remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect...

Hearingthenoise,westoppedtalking.(狀語)

(二)正誤辨析

[誤]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.

[正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.

[析]考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放,lie躺,lie說謊。它們的過去時(shí)、過去分詞和

現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下:

lay(放)laid,laid,laying(及物動(dòng)詞)

lie(躺)lay,lain,lying(不及物動(dòng)詞)

lie(說謊)lied,lied,lying

[誤]Pleaseriseyourhand.

[正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.

[析]rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后不能接賓語,如:Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物

動(dòng)詞。

[誤]Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdon*tlikeswimmingthisafternoon.

[正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.

[析]like作為「喜歡”講時(shí),可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式,但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達(dá)一種

習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式那么側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。但要注意的是like與

would連用時(shí)那么一定要接不定式,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是,

like作為介詞“像”講時(shí),只能用分詞作其賓語。

[誤]Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice

[正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice

[析]hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到、聽見什么,而listento的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽的傾向,如:listen!Do

youhearsomeonecallinghelp這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同,look重于"

看”的傾向,而see重于看見沒看見。

[誤]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently

[正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently

[析]英語中see與watch各有不同的用處,see用于看電影、居U目,而watch用作看電

視和看球賽。

[誤]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.

[正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.

[析]hang有兩個(gè)含義,①"掛",它的過去時(shí)與過去分詞是hung,hung;②“絞刑”,這

時(shí)它是規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞那么為hanged,hangedo

[誤]HowlongcanIborrowthisbook

[正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook

[析]"借"在英文中有三個(gè)詞,①借入,即borrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthe

library②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截

止性動(dòng)詞,而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如HowlongcanIkeepit

[誤]Wehavewonyourclass.

[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.

[析]win是及物動(dòng)詞,其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而beat的賓語,

應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級(jí)等等,如:Wewonthegame.

[誤]Ileftmykey.

[正]Iforgotmykey.

[正]Ileftmykeyathome.

[析]leave是“丟下”,其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語,而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語。

[誤]Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.

[正]Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.

[誤]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.

[正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.

[析]reach作”到達(dá)”講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,如:Ireachedthehotelat830但作“伸手去拿”,

那么要用reachforsomething。作為“到達(dá)”講時(shí)還有arrive(in+大地方Xat+較小的地方)和get

to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有:getback回來getin收割getinto進(jìn)入getoff下車

geton上車getout出去getup起床getto至U達(dá)getreadyfor=bereadyforgeton

wellwith與人相處融洽get加比較級(jí)為變得如何,例如:getcolderandcolder.

[誤]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.

[正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.

[析]英文中的“花費(fèi)”有4個(gè)spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend與pay所在句中的主語

應(yīng)為人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook.jfffcost與

take的主語那么是事物,如:Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.

[誤]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.

[正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.

[正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.

[析]要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞,而close那么要用其過去分詞作形容詞。

[誤]Pleasewaitaminute.I'mhavingonmyclothes.

[正]Pleasewaitaminute.I'mputtingonmyclothes.

[析]英語中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài),是什么樣的穿著打扮,還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表

示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),它多用一般時(shí)態(tài),如:

Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear那么多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示狀態(tài),如:Sheiswearinganew

sweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中puton是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng)“穿衣”講時(shí)其后賓語不應(yīng)

接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldn'tdressthemselves.在表示穿

著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞,如:Heisdressedinwhite.

[析]begin與start均可指“開始",而且常??梢曰Q,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at8a.m.

但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin而要用start,①當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講,如:Mycarcan'tstart.

Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作為“旅途開始“講,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.

Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.

[誤]I'mverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.

[正]I'mverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.

[析]find是不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞,它的過去式和過去分詞是found,found,而found又是另外

一詞"建立",它是規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞是foundedfounded,如:ThePeople's

RepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.

[誤]Please.Let'sspeakinEnglish.

[正]Please.LetsspeakEnglish.

[正]Please.LetstalkinEnglish.

[誤]CanyouspeakitEnglish

[正]CanyousayitinEnglish

[析]英文中"說”有4個(gè)常用詞say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk,如:

Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接語言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,其

他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞,其中tell常用雙賓語,如:Tellusastory.但

用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語。如:Tellthetruth.

[誤]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese

[正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese

[析]tell...fh)m為固定詞組,即分辨兩者的不同。

[誤]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot

[正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot

[析]excuseme用于未打攪對(duì)方前,以提醒對(duì)方注意的用語,而sorry那么是由于自己

已做的事向?qū)Ψ奖浮?/p>

[誤]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus

[正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus

askfor請(qǐng)求callfor接人,請(qǐng)人carefor關(guān)心

goinfor從事answerfor負(fù)責(zé)lookfor尋找

waitfor等待sendfor請(qǐng)人payfor付款

searchfor尋找leavefor去某地preparefor準(zhǔn)備

thanksomebodyforsomething為某事向某人道謝。

[誤]AreyouunderstandingitYes,Igottoit.

[正]DoyouunderstanditYes,Igotit.

[誤]Themeathasgonebadly.

[正]Themeathasgonebad.

[誤]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.

[正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.

[析]如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),其賓語從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過去時(shí),那么

賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與之照應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀事實(shí),所以還應(yīng)

用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)。

[析]在狀語從句中要用一般時(shí)來表示將來,:Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback.

[誤]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight

[正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight

[析]在描述過去某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或從某時(shí)到某時(shí)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過

去進(jìn)行時(shí),如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday

[誤]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn'tgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenit

before.

[正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn'tgowiththembecauseIhadseenit

before.

[析]現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的相同之處是其動(dòng)作均開始于過去的某一點(diǎn),它的差異在

于該動(dòng)作是截止到什么時(shí)候。如動(dòng)作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如動(dòng)作截止到過去,用過去

完成時(shí)。例如:I'velearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到現(xiàn)在為止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,I

hadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(動(dòng)作截止到上大學(xué)那時(shí),即截止于過去)

[誤]I'mfeelingwellnow.

[正]Ifeelwellnow.

[析]瞬間動(dòng)詞有些無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),它們是:表示思維狀態(tài)的詞:believe,feel,forget,imagine,

know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want表示感情的動(dòng)詞:care,like,dolike,

love,mind,hate,fear表示狀態(tài)的詞:belong,own感觀動(dòng)詞:feel,hear,see,smell,,taste

[誤]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork

[正]Whendidyoudothiswork

[析]when提問的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的問句中。

[誤]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.

[正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.

[析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。havebeento是到過某地,現(xiàn)在

此人在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。

[誤]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.

[正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.

[析]截止性動(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài),但不可和與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:WhenIgot

tothecinemathefilmhadbegun.但要講WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfive

minutes這樣的用法還有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天買的這本書。

Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.這本書我已買了兩天了。

Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.兩年前我參加了這個(gè)俱樂部。

Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我參加這個(gè)俱樂部已兩年了。

Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父親是5年前去世的。

Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父親已去世5年了。

[誤]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons

[正]Doyouunderstandthelessons

[析]有些動(dòng)詞不易用完成時(shí)態(tài),它們是understand,think,believe,know(知道)

[誤]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.

[誤]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.

[析]在講述過去的歷史事件時(shí),總要用過去時(shí)而不要用完成時(shí),而且happen,breakout,

takeplace作為發(fā)生講時(shí)均沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

[誤]WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.

[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.

[析]在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過程中,某一突然事件發(fā)生,這時(shí)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)

在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)),而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)),如:Whenmy

fatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.

[誤]Pleasebuyabookforme.

[正]Pleasebuymeabook.

[正]Pleasebuyabooktome.

[析]在接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞后面的兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)是直接賓語,一個(gè)是間接賓語,如:Buy

meabook中me是間接賓語,而abook是直接賓語。如果將直接賓語前置,其后應(yīng)加to,

如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.

[誤]Hownicethebookis!Isitsoldwell

[析]有些動(dòng)詞可以表示一種動(dòng)作,但也可以用來表示某種性質(zhì),表示動(dòng)作時(shí)可用被動(dòng)語

態(tài),在表示性質(zhì)時(shí)那么不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:

Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。

Thiscardriveseasily.這車容易駕駛。

Theseclotheswasheasily.這些衣服好洗。

在作上述表達(dá)時(shí),不要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。而要講:

Thiskindofbookwassoldout.(這種書賣完了)

Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.這時(shí)要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),因?yàn)樗枋龅氖蔷?/p>

體動(dòng)作。

[誤]MustIdoitnow

No.youmustn't.

[正]MustIdoitnowNo,youneedn't.

[析]need用在疑問句和否認(rèn)句中常用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其后接不帶to的不定式。由must

提問的問句作答語時(shí),如是肯定的要用must,否認(rèn)的要用neednt,即為沒有必要。在肯定句

中常用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,如:Ineedtowaitformyboy.

[誤]Isthisbookyours

Yes,It's.

[正]Isthisbookyours

Yes,Itis.

[析]在肯定的答復(fù)中不要用縮寫形式,而在否認(rèn)的答復(fù)中可以用縮寫形式,如:No.Itisn't.

[誤]Illhavemybikerepairtomorrow.

[正]I'llhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.

[析]have+人+動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞意為:讓某人作某事,如:Myfatherhadmetolearn

howtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmighthave+物+

動(dòng)詞的過去分詞為某件事被別人完成。如:Ihavemyhaircut.我去理發(fā)。而不是自己理發(fā)。

如果講我想自己作某事,那么用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself.

[誤]PHgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.

[正]Illgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.

[析]have與get的用法有相同之處,也有不同之處。相同之處,如:havesomethingdone,

也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething但不同之處在于have

somebodydosomething在用get時(shí)那么要用getsomebodytodosomethingo

[誤]IhavetostudyonSaturdaybutIhaven'ttostudyafullday

[正]IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdon'thavetostudyafullday.

[析]haveto不得不,而don'thaveto為其否認(rèn)式。

[誤]IsTomintheclassroomNo.Hemustn'tbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalking

withourteacherintheofficejustnow.

[正]IsTomintheclassroomNo.Hecan'tbeintheclassroombecauseIsawhimtalking

withourteacherintheofficejustnow.

[析]must加動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)一種比較肯定的推測(cè),而表示否認(rèn)的推測(cè)那么要用cant。

[誤]Mygrandpaisovereightybutheisabletoread.withoutglasses.

[正]Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.

[析]can(could)多用于表達(dá)客觀的事實(shí),主觀能力,而beableto那么多用于表達(dá)主

觀的意愿。

[誤]Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Sheshouldbeasleep.

[正]Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Shemustbeasleep

[析]should用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中應(yīng)譯為“應(yīng)該",如:Youshoulddoyourhomeworkright

away.而must加動(dòng)詞原形表示一種推測(cè)。

[誤]Doyouliketogowithus

[正]Wouldyouliketogowithus

[析]Doyoulike…問的是習(xí)慣,如:Doyoulikeswimming而wouldyoulike是一次性

的邀請(qǐng)。

[誤]Iamusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.

[正]Iamusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.

[析]usedto共有三種用法,①表示過去的習(xí)慣,$n:Iusedtolivewithmyparents.②

表示過去的習(xí)慣延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,如:Iamusedtoswimmingintheriver.③用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:

Oilisusedtocook

[誤]Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.

[正]Toplaywiththechildrenisveryinteresting.

[析]不定式作主語時(shí),應(yīng)視為單數(shù)主語,特別是兩個(gè)不定式用and作連詞作主語時(shí),如

指的是一件事也應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。如:Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyour

health.

[誤]Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.

[正]Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.

[析]某些動(dòng)詞要求不定式作其賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,它們是:asksomebodytodosomething

要求某人做某事。tellsomebodytodosomething告訴某人做某事還有prepare準(zhǔn)備,decide

決定,happento碰巧,seem似乎。

[誤]hetoldmetodriveacar.

[正]Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.

[析]要學(xué)會(huì)疑問詞加不定式的用法,特別要注意的是what是疑問代詞,而how是疑問

副詞。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.(我想知道干什么)。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.(我想

知道如何去作)。要注意的是howtodoit中的it是不可少的,因how是疑問副詞,不能作

及物動(dòng)詞的賓語,而what是疑問代詞,可做do的賓語,所以whattodo后不要加it。

[誤]Iamverygladmeetingyou.

[正]Iamverygladtomeetyou.

[析]許多形容詞后加不定式,這樣用時(shí)形容詞多是用來描述人物的感情、態(tài)度,如:glad,

happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,upset,ready,careful,surprised。

[誤]I'mtoogladforseeingyou.

[正]I'mtoogladtoseeyou.

[析]這句話不能按照too...to的句型翻譯為:我太快樂了以至于不想見你。而應(yīng)譯為:

見到你太快樂了。又如:Sheistoohonesttotellthetruth應(yīng)譯為:她很老實(shí),不會(huì)不講實(shí)話。

[誤]Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.

[正]Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.

[析]這是too...t。的正常用法,太如何如何以至于不能如何。

[誤]Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.

[正]Iwenttothehospitaltoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.

[析]在句中表示某動(dòng)作的目的時(shí),要用不定式而不能用for加動(dòng)名詞。

[誤]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.

[正]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.

[析]當(dāng)不定式作后置定語時(shí),將不定式放于名詞之后。如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)

詞,那么其后面的介詞不要省略。如:Isatonthechair.這樣的用法還有:Iwanttofindaroom

tolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith.

[誤]Whenmotherwasaboutleavingthebabycriedsuddenly.

[正]Whenmotherwasabouttoleavethebabycriedsuddenly.

[析]beaboutt。是表達(dá)較近的即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,可用來表示將來時(shí),或按方案、安排

的事。

[誤]Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.

[正]Thisworkisdifficulttodo.

[析]在不定式作賓語時(shí),以下情況常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)。①句子的主語即是不定式動(dòng)

作的執(zhí)行者,如:Ihavealotofletterstowrite.②句中的賓語是不定式中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:

Couldyoufindmeajobtodo③在形容詞之后的不定式,如:Englishisdifficulttolearn.

[誤]WouldyouliketoseeafilmwithusYes,I'dlove.

[正]WouldyouliketoseeafilmwithusYes,I'dloveto.

[析]在口語簡(jiǎn)答語中要將不定式符號(hào)保存,如:Ihadto(不得不作)Tmgoingto(打算

作)Iusedto(過去習(xí)慣作)I'dloveto(喜歡作)Ihopeto(希望作某事)I'llbegladto(快樂作)

[誤]Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme

[正]Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme

[析]在感觀動(dòng)詞之后常接不帶to的不定式。這些詞是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,

noticeo

[誤]Hewasseenpreparethiscar.

[正]Hewasseentopreparethiscar.

[析]在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要將主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中省去的不定式復(fù)原回來。

[誤]PleaseLetmychildtotryitagain.

[正]PleaseLetmychildtryitagain.

[析]在make,have,let后加不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

[誤]Whynottodoitagain

[正]Whynotdoitagain

[析]Whynot,youdbetter后接不帶to的不定式,如:Youdbettergo.但要注意的是它

的否認(rèn)式是Youdbetternotgo.

[誤]Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelptocry.

[正]Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelpcrying.

[析]can'thelp+現(xiàn)在分詞表示情不自禁作某事。

[誤]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.

[正]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.

[析]現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有正在的含義,如:fallingleave正下落的葉子。而過去分詞作定

語fallenleaves是落地的葉子。過去分詞含有已經(jīng)完成的意思。

[誤]Doyouhearsomeonesingintheoffice

[正]Doyouhearsomeonesingingintheoffice

[析]感觀動(dòng)詞可用不帶to的不定式來作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程或已結(jié)束

的動(dòng)作,而用現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。

[誤]Iwanttoshopsomefoodforsupper.

[正]Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.

[正]Iwanttogoshopping.

[析]shop作買東西講時(shí),要用goshopping,其后不要加所購置的東西。這樣的用法還

有:goboating劃船gosailing航海goskating滑冰goshooting射擊godancing去跳

舞gofishing釣魚goswimming去游泳不要用錯(cuò),也不要改為其他式,因?yàn)檫@是習(xí)

慣用法。

[誤]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.

[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtalking.

[析]stoptodosomething是停下來去做某事,而stopdoingsomething那么是停止做某

事。

[誤]Ididn'trememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.

[正]Ididn'tremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.

[析]remember后接不定式是記著去做某事,即該動(dòng)作并沒有完成。而remember后接

動(dòng)名詞那么說明該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)作完了。如:Doremembertoturnoffthelight,beforeyouleave.

即在你離開前記著去關(guān)燈。而關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作并沒有做。Iremembermeetingyousomewhere.我

記得在某處見過你。而相見一事已經(jīng)作完了。相同用法還有forget。

[誤]WhenIfinishedtodothisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.

[正]WhenIfinisheddoingthisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.

[析]在英語中有些動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。在初中范圍主要有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞finish和enjoy,

千萬不要與like相比。因?yàn)閘ike作動(dòng)詞“喜歡”用時(shí),其后接動(dòng)名詞表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,接不定

式表示一次性特殊的動(dòng)作,而wouldyoulike后面那么一定要用不定式。

[誤]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentonplayingthefootball.

[正]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentontoplayfootball.

[析]goontodosomething是做完一件事緊跟著做另一件事。而goondoingsomething是

在做一件事的過程中被打斷后接著再繼續(xù)做這件事。

[誤]He'sbusytopreparehislessons.

[正]He'sbusypreparinghislessons.

[析]bebusy后加doing而不能接不定式。

(三)例題解析

1MrZhangaskedmethewordsagain.

A.read

B.reads

C.toread

D.reading

[答案]C.

[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。

2Youplayontheroad.It'sdangerous.

A.mustn't

B.may

C.can

D.must

[答案]A.

[析]must用于否認(rèn)句表示禁止做某事。

3MrBrowninBeijingsince1993.

B.works

C.worked

D.hasworked

[答案]D.

[析]句中有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語,因此句中要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。

4Ialetterwhenmymothercamein.

A.write

B.amwriting

C.waswriting

D.willwrite

[答案]C.

[析]當(dāng)母親進(jìn)來時(shí)是一個(gè)瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)作,而寫信是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作,所以寫信這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過

去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表示在寫信過程中發(fā)生的另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作。

5It'snotanimportantparty,youneedn't.

A.payforit

B.wearitout

C.tryitout

D.dressupforit

[答案]D.[析]payfor-為某物,某人付款,wearout-穿壞,磨破,tryout-選拔,挑

選,而dressup-梳妝打扮。

6CanIabikefromhim

A.lend

B.return

C.give

D.borrow

[答案]D.

[析]borrowsomethingfrom...為向某人某處借某物。而lend,return,give后面的介詞應(yīng)

用tOo

7-MustIstayathome

-No,you.

A.mustn't

B.needn't

C.maynot

D.cannot

[答案]B.

[析]needn't為"沒有必要必須做某事",而mustn't為“禁止做",cannot為“不能做"。根

據(jù)題意是:你不一定待在家里。

8-Howlonghaveyouhere

-Abouttwomonths.

A.been

B.gone

D.arrived

[答案]A.

[析]havebeenhere是個(gè)狀態(tài),可以與后面的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間狀語連接,而其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞都是瞬

間動(dòng)詞。

9Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.

A.use

B.using

C.used

D.areused

[答案]D.

[析]這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài),意為郵票被人們用來發(fā)信。

10TheradiosaysTianjinwillbetomorrow.

A.rains

B.rain

C.rained

D.rainy

[答案]D.

[析]rainy為形容詞作表語。

11Ifyoudon'tknowthisword,inthedictionary.

A.lookforit

B.lookatit

C.lookafterit

D.lookitup

[答案]D.

[析]lookup查字典,與look有關(guān)的詞組有:

lookabout四周環(huán)視

lookafter照顧

lookaround周圍,四處看

lookat看

lookback回憶

lookfor尋找

lookforwardto期待

lookout留神

looklike看上去像

12Myfathertoldmeplayonthestreet.

A.not

B.tonot

C.notto

D.didnot

[答案]C.

[析]不定式的否認(rèn)式是nottodosomething.

13ThereisgoingtoanEnglishpartythisevening.

A.be

B.has

C.have

D.is

[答案]A.

[析]這里是therebe無生命的“有“加助動(dòng)詞的句型,即therewillbe,而沒有therehave的

句型。

14Therenobusstopherelastyear.

A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were

[析]lastyear為去年,所以用過去時(shí)。而therebe句型的單復(fù)數(shù)要看be動(dòng)詞之后離之

最近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.

15Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifittomorrow.

A.isn'train

B.rains

C.won'train

D.doesn'train

[答案]D.

[析]在狀語從句中應(yīng)用一般時(shí)態(tài)來表示將來。

16Bikesmustn'teverywhere.

A.beput

B.beputted

C.put

D.putting

[答案]A.

[析]這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。與put有關(guān)的詞組如下:

putaway放好putoff推遲puton穿上putout撲滅putdown放下

17NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimeiHarbin.

A.havebeento

B.hasbeento

C.havegoneto

D.hasgoneto

[答案]B.

[析]hasbeento是去過某處。

18It'scoldtodayyou'dbettermorecoats.

A.puton

B.takeoff

C.toputon

D.totakeoff

[答案]A.

[析]'dbetter其后加不帶to的不定式,而puton為“穿上”。

19HenryabirthdaycardforSamyesterday.

A.hasbought

B.buys

C.bought

D.willbuy

[答案]C.

[析]因句中的yesterday為表達(dá)過去的時(shí)間狀語,所以應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。

20WhenIgottothefactory,theworkersaboutthefilim.

A.aretalking

B.talked

C.weretalking

D.havetalked

[答案]c.

[析]狀語從句中所用的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),那么主句中也要與之照應(yīng)。而工人們?cè)谡務(wù)撾娪?/p>

為一長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

A.take

B.bring

C.carry

D.catch

[答案]A.

22Ienjoythelightmusic.

A.tolistento

B.listeningto

C.hearing

D.tohear

[答案]B.

[析]enjoy與finish其后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。

23Pleaseassoonasyougetthere.

A.ringmeup

B.ringupme

C.wakemeup

D.wakeupme

[答案]A.

[析]ringup打,而wakeup喚醒。英文中有很多動(dòng)詞詞組如其賓語是代詞時(shí),一定

要放在動(dòng)詞與介詞之間。

24WhenI,Iwanttobeateacher.

A.growsup

B.growup

C.shallgrow

D.grewup

[答案]B.

[析]growup長(zhǎng)大。而狀語從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,即使主句也用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),

但它含有將來之意。

25Icalledhimandhetohaveatalkwithme.

A.stop

B.stops

C.stoped

D.stopped

[答案]D.

[析]這是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句,所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。

26-Wouldyoupleasemeanevaser,Lucy

-Certainly.Hereyouare.

A.borrow

B.lend

C.borrowed

D.lent

[答案]B.

[析]wouldyouplease其后接不帶to的不定式即動(dòng)詞原形,而borrow為“借入”而lend

為“借出”。

27Treesinspring.

A.plant

B.wereplanted

C.shouldbeplanted

D.shouldplant

[答案]C.

[析]should用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中表示應(yīng)該,而此句又是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

28-Where'syourfather

-HetoParis.

A.go

B.goes

C.went

D.hasgone

[答案]D.

[析]hasgone是已去某處了,不在這里了。所以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作影響到現(xiàn)在。

29-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow

-No,you.Youcandoitathome.

A.mustn't

B.maynot

C.needn't

D.can

[答案]C.

[析]neednt表示沒有必要一定要這樣做。由must提問,肯定句用must,否認(rèn)句用neednt.

30Thankyouverymuchforyourbookme.

A.lending,to

B.lent,to

C.borrow,from

D.borrowing,from

[答案]A.

[析]for是介詞,要用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。

31TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfromtheearthaway.

A.blowing

B.blow

C.blows

D.toblow

[答案]A.

[析]stop...fromdoingsomething.阻止某人或某物作某事。

32ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifitfinetomorrow.

A.willbe

B.is

C.shallbe

D.was

[答案]B.

33Ourteacheralwaystellsusinthestreet.It'stoodangerous.

A.don*tplay

B.nottoplay

C.toplay

D.notplay

[答案]B.

[析]不定式的否認(rèn)式為nottodo。

34Englishisausefullanguage.Itwidelyintheworld.

B.wasspoken

C.canspeak

D.willspeak

[答案]A.

[析]本句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。

35Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.Itabird.

A.looksat

B.lookslike

C.looksfor

D.looksafter

[答案]B.

[析]looklike像...,其中l(wèi)ike為介詞。

36-Look!What'sWangPingdoingoverthere

-Sheunderabigtree.

A.sings

B.sang

C.hassung

D.issinging

[答案]D.

37Youseeadoctor.You'vegotabadcold.

A.will

B.aregoingto

C.hadbetter

D.could

[答案]C.

[析]hadbetter最好,意為一種真心的勸告。

38Yourradioistooloud.Wouldyouplease

A.turndownit

B.turnitdown

C.toturndownit

D.toturnitdown

[答案]B.

[析]wouldyouplease后面加動(dòng)詞原形。

39Couldyoutellmeifittomorrow

A.rains

B.israining

C.willrain

D.rain

[答案]c.

[析]if從句是賓語從句,而不是狀語從句。所以還是要用將來時(shí),而不能用一般現(xiàn)在

時(shí)表示將來。

40Suddenlyoneofthebagsthetruckandlandedinthemiddleoftheroad.

A.fellout

B.felldown

C.felloff

D.willbe

[答案]C.

[析]falloff掉落,與off有關(guān)的詞組有seeoff送行g(shù)iveoff散發(fā)shutoff關(guān)閉kick

off踢掉turnoff關(guān)閉getoff下車jump

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