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2022年中考英語考點(diǎn)8動(dòng)詞
(一)知識(shí)概要
動(dòng)詞在語言中是必不可少的一局部。它的語法現(xiàn)象也較多,但在初中范圍主要有以下幾
方面問題。①時(shí)態(tài):初中范圍主要有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般過去時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí),
將來時(shí)與過去將來時(shí)六種時(shí)態(tài)。②語態(tài):主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)。③助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。④非
謂語動(dòng)詞,也就是不定式,動(dòng)名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞的用法。時(shí)態(tài)主要掌握以下幾種時(shí)態(tài)的應(yīng)用
要點(diǎn)和習(xí)慣用法。
1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):主要有以下三方面,①用來表示狀態(tài),特征或不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在
和真理。如:Matterexistsinthreestates物質(zhì)有三態(tài)。又如:Theearthmovesaroundthe
sun②表示習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,$n:Ioftengotobedat930③在時(shí)間、條
件等狀語從句中表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,如:AssoonasIgetthereI'lltelephoneyou.
2一般過去時(shí):①主要用于表達(dá)過去時(shí)間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),如:Iwasilllast
week②過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,如:Iusedtogetupatsix.
4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí):用于表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,如:Whatareyoudoingnow要注意的是
表示狀態(tài),情感的某些詞沒有現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),這些動(dòng)詞有:like,have(有),love,know,understand,
remember,forget,see,hear,smell,taste,feel,wishhope,expect...
Hearingthenoise,westoppedtalking.(狀語)
(二)正誤辨析
[誤]Shelaiddownandsoonfellasleep.
[正]Shelaydownandsoonfellasleep.
[析]考試中常出現(xiàn)的是易混動(dòng)詞lay放,lie躺,lie說謊。它們的過去時(shí)、過去分詞和
現(xiàn)在分詞變化如下:
lay(放)laid,laid,laying(及物動(dòng)詞)
lie(躺)lay,lain,lying(不及物動(dòng)詞)
lie(說謊)lied,lied,lying
[誤]Pleaseriseyourhand.
[正]Pleaseraiseyourhand.
[析]rise是不及物動(dòng)詞,其后不能接賓語,如:Thesunrisesintheeast.而raise是及物
動(dòng)詞。
[誤]Iliketoswimverymuch,butIdon*tlikeswimmingthisafternoon.
[正]Ilikeswimmingverymuch,butIdon'tliketoswimthisafternoon.
[析]like作為「喜歡”講時(shí),可以接動(dòng)名詞也可以接不定式,但接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)多表達(dá)一種
習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。而接不定式那么側(cè)重于表達(dá)一次性、特殊性的動(dòng)作。但要注意的是like與
would連用時(shí)那么一定要接不定式,如:Wouldyouliketogowithme再有一點(diǎn)要注意的是,
like作為介詞“像”講時(shí),只能用分詞作其賓語。
[誤]Stop!Didyoulistentoastrangevoice
[正]Stop!Didyouhearastrangevoice
[析]hear的側(cè)重點(diǎn)是聽到、聽見什么,而listento的側(cè)重點(diǎn)為聽的傾向,如:listen!Do
youhearsomeonecallinghelp這樣的詞還有l(wèi)ook與see。它們的側(cè)重點(diǎn)也不同,look重于"
看”的傾向,而see重于看見沒看見。
[誤]Didyouwatchsomefilmrecently
[正]Didyouseesomefilmrecently
[析]英語中see與watch各有不同的用處,see用于看電影、居U目,而watch用作看電
視和看球賽。
[誤]Look.Abeautifullamphangedfromtheceiling.
[正]Look.Abeautifullamphungfromtheceiling.
[析]hang有兩個(gè)含義,①"掛",它的過去時(shí)與過去分詞是hung,hung;②“絞刑”,這
時(shí)它是規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞那么為hanged,hangedo
[誤]HowlongcanIborrowthisbook
[正]HowlongcanIkeepthisbook
[析]"借"在英文中有三個(gè)詞,①借入,即borrow,如:MayIborrowsomebooksfromthe
library②借出,如:Icanlendmybiketoyou.③借多久要用keep,因?yàn)閎orrow與lend都是截
止性動(dòng)詞,而keep是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如HowlongcanIkeepit
[誤]Wehavewonyourclass.
[正]Wehavebeatenyourclass.
[析]win是及物動(dòng)詞,其后面的賓語應(yīng)是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品、獎(jiǎng)金。而beat的賓語,
應(yīng)是人、隊(duì)、班級(jí)等等,如:Wewonthegame.
[誤]Ileftmykey.
[正]Iforgotmykey.
[正]Ileftmykeyathome.
[析]leave是“丟下”,其后一定要接地點(diǎn)狀語,而forget其后不要接地點(diǎn)狀語。
[誤]Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasebringtheraincoatwithyou.
[正]Oh!It'srainingoutside.Pleasetakethisraincoatwithyou.
[誤]Thepolicemanreachedhisgun.
[正]Thepolicemanreachedforhisgun.
[析]reach作”到達(dá)”講時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,如:Ireachedthehotelat830但作“伸手去拿”,
那么要用reachforsomething。作為“到達(dá)”講時(shí)還有arrive(in+大地方Xat+較小的地方)和get
to.要注意的是與get有關(guān)的詞組有:getback回來getin收割getinto進(jìn)入getoff下車
geton上車getout出去getup起床getto至U達(dá)getreadyfor=bereadyforgeton
wellwith與人相處融洽get加比較級(jí)為變得如何,例如:getcolderandcolder.
[誤]Thisdictionaryspentmefivedollars.
[正]Thisdictionarycostmefivedollars.
[析]英文中的“花費(fèi)”有4個(gè)spend,cost,take和pay,其中spend與pay所在句中的主語
應(yīng)為人,如:Ispenttwohoursindoingmyhomework.Ipaidfivedallarsforthebook.jfffcost與
take的主語那么是事物,如:Ittakesmetwoyearstofinishthisbook.
[誤]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopened.
[正]InsummerIalwayssleepwiththewindowsopen.
[正]Ialwayssleepwiththewindowsclosed.
[析]要注意open是動(dòng)詞也是形容詞,而close那么要用其過去分詞作形容詞。
[誤]Pleasewaitaminute.I'mhavingonmyclothes.
[正]Pleasewaitaminute.I'mputtingonmyclothes.
[析]英語中的穿衣服要分狀態(tài),是什么樣的穿著打扮,還是穿衣服的動(dòng)作兩類動(dòng)詞。表
示穿著狀態(tài)的詞有haveon,wear,在用法上haveon不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),它多用一般時(shí)態(tài),如:
Shehasonanewschooldress.而wear那么多用進(jìn)行時(shí)來表示狀態(tài),如:Sheiswearinganew
sweater.在表示動(dòng)作的詞中puton是常用的一詞。dress用作動(dòng)詞當(dāng)“穿衣”講時(shí)其后賓語不應(yīng)
接衣物,而要接人,如:Mychildrenwereveryyoungtheycouldn'tdressthemselves.在表示穿
著狀態(tài)時(shí)用其過去分詞當(dāng)形容詞,如:Heisdressedinwhite.
[析]begin與start均可指“開始",而且常??梢曰Q,如:Schoolbegins(starts)at8a.m.
但是在兩種情況下不宜用begin而要用start,①當(dāng)作機(jī)器開動(dòng)、發(fā)動(dòng)講,如:Mycarcan'tstart.
Theremustbesomethingwrongwithit.②作為“旅途開始“講,如:Weshouldhavetostartearly.
Therewasalotoftrafficontheroad.
[誤]I'mverygladbecauseIhavefoundedmylostkey.
[正]I'mverygladbecauseIhavefoundmylostkey.
[析]find是不規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞,它的過去式和過去分詞是found,found,而found又是另外
一詞"建立",它是規(guī)那么動(dòng)詞,其過去式與過去分詞是foundedfounded,如:ThePeople's
RepublicofChinawasfoundedin1949.
[誤]Please.Let'sspeakinEnglish.
[正]Please.LetsspeakEnglish.
[正]Please.LetstalkinEnglish.
[誤]CanyouspeakitEnglish
[正]CanyousayitinEnglish
[析]英文中"說”有4個(gè)常用詞say,tell,speak,talk.其中不及物動(dòng)詞有speak和talk,如:
Iwanttotalkwithyou.Wearetalkingaboutthenewfilm.而speak其后接語言時(shí)是及物動(dòng)詞,其
他情況是不及物動(dòng)詞。say與tell是及物動(dòng)詞,其中tell常用雙賓語,如:Tellusastory.但
用于講實(shí)話或謊話時(shí)也用單賓語。如:Tellthetruth.
[誤]CanyousayJapanesefromChinese
[正]CanyoutellJapanesefromChinese
[析]tell...fh)m為固定詞組,即分辨兩者的不同。
[誤]Excuseme,didIsteponyourfoot
[正]Oh,sorry,didIsteponyourfoot
[析]excuseme用于未打攪對(duì)方前,以提醒對(duì)方注意的用語,而sorry那么是由于自己
已做的事向?qū)Ψ奖浮?/p>
[誤]Wouldyoucarefortoswimwithus
[正]Wouldyoucaretoswimwithus
askfor請(qǐng)求callfor接人,請(qǐng)人carefor關(guān)心
goinfor從事answerfor負(fù)責(zé)lookfor尋找
waitfor等待sendfor請(qǐng)人payfor付款
searchfor尋找leavefor去某地preparefor準(zhǔn)備
thanksomebodyforsomething為某事向某人道謝。
[誤]AreyouunderstandingitYes,Igottoit.
[正]DoyouunderstanditYes,Igotit.
[誤]Themeathasgonebadly.
[正]Themeathasgonebad.
[誤]Theteachersaidtheearthmovedaroundthesun.
[正]Theteachersaidtheearthmovesaroundthesun.
[析]如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí),其賓語從句可以是任何時(shí)態(tài)。如果是過去時(shí),那么
賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)與之照應(yīng)。但地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)是不隨時(shí)間而變化的客觀事實(shí),所以還應(yīng)
用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)。
[析]在狀語從句中要用一般時(shí)來表示將來,:Ishouldtellhimwhenhecameback.
[誤]Whatdidyoudoateightlastnight
[正]Whatwereyoudoingateightlastnight
[析]在描述過去某一具體時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或從某時(shí)到某時(shí)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作要用過
去進(jìn)行時(shí),如:IwaswashingclothesfromeighttillnoonlastSunday
[誤]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn'tgowiththem,becauseIhaveseenit
before.
[正]Myclassmatescametoseeafilmyesterday.Ididn'tgowiththembecauseIhadseenit
before.
[析]現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí)的相同之處是其動(dòng)作均開始于過去的某一點(diǎn),它的差異在
于該動(dòng)作是截止到什么時(shí)候。如動(dòng)作截止到現(xiàn)在用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);如動(dòng)作截止到過去,用過去
完成時(shí)。例如:I'velearntEnglishforthreeyears.(到現(xiàn)在為止)又如:BeforeIwenttocollege,I
hadlearntEnglishforthreeyears.(動(dòng)作截止到上大學(xué)那時(shí),即截止于過去)
[誤]I'mfeelingwellnow.
[正]Ifeelwellnow.
[析]瞬間動(dòng)詞有些無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),它們是:表示思維狀態(tài)的詞:believe,feel,forget,imagine,
know,mean,need,prefer,remember,understand,want表示感情的動(dòng)詞:care,like,dolike,
love,mind,hate,fear表示狀態(tài)的詞:belong,own感觀動(dòng)詞:feel,hear,see,smell,,taste
[誤]Whenhaveyoudonethiswork
[正]Whendidyoudothiswork
[析]when提問的是一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)不可用于完成時(shí)態(tài)的問句中。
[誤]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasgonetomanyforeigncountries.
[正]ThisisournewEnglishteacher.Hehasbeentomanyforeigncountries.
[析]havegoneto是到某地去了,此人現(xiàn)在不在這里。havebeento是到過某地,現(xiàn)在
此人在說話現(xiàn)場(chǎng)。
[誤]Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.
[正]Ihavekeptthisbookfortwoweeks.
[析]截止性動(dòng)詞有完成時(shí)態(tài),但不可和與表達(dá)一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。如:WhenIgot
tothecinemathefilmhadbegun.但要講WhenIgottothecinemathefilmhadbeonforfive
minutes這樣的用法還有buy,join,die,如:Iboughtthisbookyesterday.我昨天買的這本書。
Ihavehadthisbookfortwodays.這本書我已買了兩天了。
Ijoinedtheclubtwoyearsago.兩年前我參加了這個(gè)俱樂部。
Ihavebeeninthisclubfortwoyears.我參加這個(gè)俱樂部已兩年了。
Myfatherdiedfiveyearsago.我父親是5年前去世的。
Myfatherhasbeendeadforfiveyears.我父親已去世5年了。
[誤]Haveyouunderstoodthelessons
[正]Doyouunderstandthelessons
[析]有些動(dòng)詞不易用完成時(shí)態(tài),它們是understand,think,believe,know(知道)
[誤]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarhadbrokenoutin1939.
[誤]ItwassaidthattheSecondWorldWarwasbrokenoutin1939.
[析]在講述過去的歷史事件時(shí),總要用過去時(shí)而不要用完成時(shí),而且happen,breakout,
takeplace作為發(fā)生講時(shí)均沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
[誤]WhenIwalkedalongthestreet.Ihappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
[正]WhenIwaswalkingalongthestreetIhappenedtomeetanoldfriend.
[析]在一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的過程中,某一突然事件發(fā)生,這時(shí)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用進(jìn)行時(shí)(現(xiàn)
在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)),而突發(fā)性動(dòng)作用一般時(shí)(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)),如:Whenmy
fatherisreadinganewspaperthetelephonerings.
[誤]Pleasebuyabookforme.
[正]Pleasebuymeabook.
[正]Pleasebuyabooktome.
[析]在接雙賓語的動(dòng)詞后面的兩個(gè)賓語,一個(gè)是直接賓語,一個(gè)是間接賓語,如:Buy
meabook中me是間接賓語,而abook是直接賓語。如果將直接賓語前置,其后應(yīng)加to,
如:Tellmeastory.Tellastorytome.Givemeabook.Giveabooktome.
[誤]Hownicethebookis!Isitsoldwell
[析]有些動(dòng)詞可以表示一種動(dòng)作,但也可以用來表示某種性質(zhì),表示動(dòng)作時(shí)可用被動(dòng)語
態(tài),在表示性質(zhì)時(shí)那么不可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如:
Thisbooksellswell.這本書暢銷。
Thiscardriveseasily.這車容易駕駛。
Theseclotheswasheasily.這些衣服好洗。
在作上述表達(dá)時(shí),不要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。而要講:
Thiskindofbookwassoldout.(這種書賣完了)
Theseclotheswerewashedbythewashingmachine.這時(shí)要用被動(dòng)語態(tài),因?yàn)樗枋龅氖蔷?/p>
體動(dòng)作。
[誤]MustIdoitnow
No.youmustn't.
[正]MustIdoitnowNo,youneedn't.
[析]need用在疑問句和否認(rèn)句中常用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其后接不帶to的不定式。由must
提問的問句作答語時(shí),如是肯定的要用must,否認(rèn)的要用neednt,即為沒有必要。在肯定句
中常用作實(shí)意動(dòng)詞,如:Ineedtowaitformyboy.
[誤]Isthisbookyours
Yes,It's.
[正]Isthisbookyours
Yes,Itis.
[析]在肯定的答復(fù)中不要用縮寫形式,而在否認(rèn)的答復(fù)中可以用縮寫形式,如:No.Itisn't.
[誤]Illhavemybikerepairtomorrow.
[正]I'llhavemybikerepairedtomorrow.
[析]have+人+動(dòng)詞原形或現(xiàn)在分詞意為:讓某人作某事,如:Myfatherhadmetolearn
howtodrive,或Myfatherhadmedoingmyhomeworkfrommorningtillmighthave+物+
動(dòng)詞的過去分詞為某件事被別人完成。如:Ihavemyhaircut.我去理發(fā)。而不是自己理發(fā)。
如果講我想自己作某事,那么用Iwanttorepairmybikemyself.
[誤]PHgetmybrotherrepairthebikeforyou.
[正]Illgetmybrothertorepairthebikeforyou.
[析]have與get的用法有相同之處,也有不同之處。相同之處,如:havesomethingdone,
也可用getsomethingdone,或have(get)somebodydoingsomething但不同之處在于have
somebodydosomething在用get時(shí)那么要用getsomebodytodosomethingo
[誤]IhavetostudyonSaturdaybutIhaven'ttostudyafullday
[正]IhavetostudyonSaturday,butIdon'thavetostudyafullday.
[析]haveto不得不,而don'thaveto為其否認(rèn)式。
[誤]IsTomintheclassroomNo.Hemustn'tbeintheclassroom,becauseIsawhimtalking
withourteacherintheofficejustnow.
[正]IsTomintheclassroomNo.Hecan'tbeintheclassroombecauseIsawhimtalking
withourteacherintheofficejustnow.
[析]must加動(dòng)詞原形表達(dá)一種比較肯定的推測(cè),而表示否認(rèn)的推測(cè)那么要用cant。
[誤]Mygrandpaisovereightybutheisabletoread.withoutglasses.
[正]Mygrandpaisovereighty,buthecanreadwithoutglasses.
[析]can(could)多用于表達(dá)客觀的事實(shí),主觀能力,而beableto那么多用于表達(dá)主
觀的意愿。
[誤]Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Sheshouldbeasleep.
[正]Shedoesn'tanswerthedoorbell.Shemustbeasleep
[析]should用于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的句子中應(yīng)譯為“應(yīng)該",如:Youshoulddoyourhomeworkright
away.而must加動(dòng)詞原形表示一種推測(cè)。
[誤]Doyouliketogowithus
[正]Wouldyouliketogowithus
[析]Doyoulike…問的是習(xí)慣,如:Doyoulikeswimming而wouldyoulike是一次性
的邀請(qǐng)。
[誤]Iamusedtogetupearlyinthemorning.
[正]Iamusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.
[析]usedto共有三種用法,①表示過去的習(xí)慣,$n:Iusedtolivewithmyparents.②
表示過去的習(xí)慣延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,如:Iamusedtoswimmingintheriver.③用于被動(dòng)語態(tài),如:
Oilisusedtocook
[誤]Toplaywiththechildrenareveryinteresting.
[正]Toplaywiththechildrenisveryinteresting.
[析]不定式作主語時(shí),應(yīng)視為單數(shù)主語,特別是兩個(gè)不定式用and作連詞作主語時(shí),如
指的是一件事也應(yīng)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。如:Togetupearlyandtogotosleepearlyisgoodforyour
health.
[誤]Heaskedmedomyhomeworkalone.
[正]Heaskedmetodomyhomeworkalone.
[析]某些動(dòng)詞要求不定式作其賓語或賓語補(bǔ)足語,它們是:asksomebodytodosomething
要求某人做某事。tellsomebodytodosomething告訴某人做某事還有prepare準(zhǔn)備,decide
決定,happento碰巧,seem似乎。
[誤]hetoldmetodriveacar.
[正]Hetoldmehowtodriveacar.
[析]要學(xué)會(huì)疑問詞加不定式的用法,特別要注意的是what是疑問代詞,而how是疑問
副詞。如:Iwanttoknowwhattodo.(我想知道干什么)。Iwanttoknowhowtodoit.(我想
知道如何去作)。要注意的是howtodoit中的it是不可少的,因how是疑問副詞,不能作
及物動(dòng)詞的賓語,而what是疑問代詞,可做do的賓語,所以whattodo后不要加it。
[誤]Iamverygladmeetingyou.
[正]Iamverygladtomeetyou.
[析]許多形容詞后加不定式,這樣用時(shí)形容詞多是用來描述人物的感情、態(tài)度,如:glad,
happy,pleased,lucky,sorry,sad,upset,ready,careful,surprised。
[誤]I'mtoogladforseeingyou.
[正]I'mtoogladtoseeyou.
[析]這句話不能按照too...to的句型翻譯為:我太快樂了以至于不想見你。而應(yīng)譯為:
見到你太快樂了。又如:Sheistoohonesttotellthetruth應(yīng)譯為:她很老實(shí),不會(huì)不講實(shí)話。
[誤]Tomistooyoungnottojointhearmy.
[正]Tomistooyoungtojointhearmy.
[析]這是too...t。的正常用法,太如何如何以至于不能如何。
[誤]Iwenttothehospitalforseeingmyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.
[正]Iwenttothehospitaltoseemyoldfriend.Hewasillinhospital.
[析]在句中表示某動(dòng)作的目的時(shí),要用不定式而不能用for加動(dòng)名詞。
[誤]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtosit.
[正]Couldyouhelpmetofindachairtositon.
[析]當(dāng)不定式作后置定語時(shí),將不定式放于名詞之后。如果不定式中的動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)
詞,那么其后面的介詞不要省略。如:Isatonthechair.這樣的用法還有:Iwanttofindaroom
tolivein.Iwanttofindapentowritewith.
[誤]Whenmotherwasaboutleavingthebabycriedsuddenly.
[正]Whenmotherwasabouttoleavethebabycriedsuddenly.
[析]beaboutt。是表達(dá)較近的即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,可用來表示將來時(shí),或按方案、安排
的事。
[誤]Thisworkisdifficulttobedone.
[正]Thisworkisdifficulttodo.
[析]在不定式作賓語時(shí),以下情況常用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示被動(dòng)。①句子的主語即是不定式動(dòng)
作的執(zhí)行者,如:Ihavealotofletterstowrite.②句中的賓語是不定式中動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,如:
Couldyoufindmeajobtodo③在形容詞之后的不定式,如:Englishisdifficulttolearn.
[誤]WouldyouliketoseeafilmwithusYes,I'dlove.
[正]WouldyouliketoseeafilmwithusYes,I'dloveto.
[析]在口語簡(jiǎn)答語中要將不定式符號(hào)保存,如:Ihadto(不得不作)Tmgoingto(打算
作)Iusedto(過去習(xí)慣作)I'dloveto(喜歡作)Ihopeto(希望作某事)I'llbegladto(快樂作)
[誤]Didyouseesomeonetodothisworkforme
[正]Didyouseesomeonedothisworkforme
[析]在感觀動(dòng)詞之后常接不帶to的不定式。這些詞是see,lookat,watch,hear,listento,feel,
noticeo
[誤]Hewasseenpreparethiscar.
[正]Hewasseentopreparethiscar.
[析]在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要將主動(dòng)語態(tài)句中省去的不定式復(fù)原回來。
[誤]PleaseLetmychildtotryitagain.
[正]PleaseLetmychildtryitagain.
[析]在make,have,let后加不帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
[誤]Whynottodoitagain
[正]Whynotdoitagain
[析]Whynot,youdbetter后接不帶to的不定式,如:Youdbettergo.但要注意的是它
的否認(rèn)式是Youdbetternotgo.
[誤]Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelptocry.
[正]Whenheheardthenewshecouldn'thelpcrying.
[析]can'thelp+現(xiàn)在分詞表示情不自禁作某事。
[誤]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallingleaves.
[正]Inautumn,thestreetisalwayscoveredwithfallenleaves.
[析]現(xiàn)在分詞作定語有正在的含義,如:fallingleave正下落的葉子。而過去分詞作定
語fallenleaves是落地的葉子。過去分詞含有已經(jīng)完成的意思。
[誤]Doyouhearsomeonesingintheoffice
[正]Doyouhearsomeonesingingintheoffice
[析]感觀動(dòng)詞可用不帶to的不定式來作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表達(dá)一個(gè)動(dòng)作的全過程或已結(jié)束
的動(dòng)作,而用現(xiàn)在分詞表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作。
[誤]Iwanttoshopsomefoodforsupper.
[正]Iwanttobuysomefoodforsupper.
[正]Iwanttogoshopping.
[析]shop作買東西講時(shí),要用goshopping,其后不要加所購置的東西。這樣的用法還
有:goboating劃船gosailing航海goskating滑冰goshooting射擊godancing去跳
舞gofishing釣魚goswimming去游泳不要用錯(cuò),也不要改為其他式,因?yàn)檫@是習(xí)
慣用法。
[誤]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtotalk.
[正]Whentheteachercameintotheclassroom,thestudentsstoppedtalking.
[析]stoptodosomething是停下來去做某事,而stopdoingsomething那么是停止做某
事。
[誤]Ididn'trememberclosingthedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.
[正]Ididn'tremembertoclosethedoor,sothethiefcameintotheroomdirectly.
[析]remember后接不定式是記著去做某事,即該動(dòng)作并沒有完成。而remember后接
動(dòng)名詞那么說明該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)作完了。如:Doremembertoturnoffthelight,beforeyouleave.
即在你離開前記著去關(guān)燈。而關(guān)燈的動(dòng)作并沒有做。Iremembermeetingyousomewhere.我
記得在某處見過你。而相見一事已經(jīng)作完了。相同用法還有forget。
[誤]WhenIfinishedtodothisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.
[正]WhenIfinisheddoingthisworkIwouldgotoplayfootball.
[析]在英語中有些動(dòng)詞后要接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。在初中范圍主要有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞finish和enjoy,
千萬不要與like相比。因?yàn)閘ike作動(dòng)詞“喜歡”用時(shí),其后接動(dòng)名詞表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,接不定
式表示一次性特殊的動(dòng)作,而wouldyoulike后面那么一定要用不定式。
[誤]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentonplayingthefootball.
[正]Whenhefinishedhishomework,hewentontoplayfootball.
[析]goontodosomething是做完一件事緊跟著做另一件事。而goondoingsomething是
在做一件事的過程中被打斷后接著再繼續(xù)做這件事。
[誤]He'sbusytopreparehislessons.
[正]He'sbusypreparinghislessons.
[析]bebusy后加doing而不能接不定式。
(三)例題解析
1MrZhangaskedmethewordsagain.
A.read
B.reads
C.toread
D.reading
[答案]C.
[析]asksomebodytodosomething要求某人作某事。
2Youplayontheroad.It'sdangerous.
A.mustn't
B.may
C.can
D.must
[答案]A.
[析]must用于否認(rèn)句表示禁止做某事。
3MrBrowninBeijingsince1993.
B.works
C.worked
D.hasworked
[答案]D.
[析]句中有since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語,因此句中要用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
4Ialetterwhenmymothercamein.
A.write
B.amwriting
C.waswriting
D.willwrite
[答案]C.
[析]當(dāng)母親進(jìn)來時(shí)是一個(gè)瞬時(shí)的動(dòng)作,而寫信是一個(gè)長(zhǎng)動(dòng)作,所以寫信這個(gè)動(dòng)作應(yīng)用過
去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),表示在寫信過程中發(fā)生的另一個(gè)短動(dòng)作。
5It'snotanimportantparty,youneedn't.
A.payforit
B.wearitout
C.tryitout
D.dressupforit
[答案]D.[析]payfor-為某物,某人付款,wearout-穿壞,磨破,tryout-選拔,挑
選,而dressup-梳妝打扮。
6CanIabikefromhim
A.lend
B.return
C.give
D.borrow
[答案]D.
[析]borrowsomethingfrom...為向某人某處借某物。而lend,return,give后面的介詞應(yīng)
用tOo
7-MustIstayathome
-No,you.
A.mustn't
B.needn't
C.maynot
D.cannot
[答案]B.
[析]needn't為"沒有必要必須做某事",而mustn't為“禁止做",cannot為“不能做"。根
據(jù)題意是:你不一定待在家里。
8-Howlonghaveyouhere
-Abouttwomonths.
A.been
B.gone
D.arrived
[答案]A.
[析]havebeenhere是個(gè)狀態(tài),可以與后面的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間狀語連接,而其他三個(gè)動(dòng)詞都是瞬
間動(dòng)詞。
9Stampsbypeopleforsendingletters.
A.use
B.using
C.used
D.areused
[答案]D.
[析]這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài),意為郵票被人們用來發(fā)信。
10TheradiosaysTianjinwillbetomorrow.
A.rains
B.rain
C.rained
D.rainy
[答案]D.
[析]rainy為形容詞作表語。
11Ifyoudon'tknowthisword,inthedictionary.
A.lookforit
B.lookatit
C.lookafterit
D.lookitup
[答案]D.
[析]lookup查字典,與look有關(guān)的詞組有:
lookabout四周環(huán)視
lookafter照顧
lookaround周圍,四處看
lookat看
lookback回憶
lookfor尋找
lookforwardto期待
lookout留神
looklike看上去像
12Myfathertoldmeplayonthestreet.
A.not
B.tonot
C.notto
D.didnot
[答案]C.
[析]不定式的否認(rèn)式是nottodosomething.
13ThereisgoingtoanEnglishpartythisevening.
A.be
B.has
C.have
D.is
[答案]A.
[析]這里是therebe無生命的“有“加助動(dòng)詞的句型,即therewillbe,而沒有therehave的
句型。
14Therenobusstopherelastyear.
A.is
B.was
C.are
D.were
[析]lastyear為去年,所以用過去時(shí)。而therebe句型的單復(fù)數(shù)要看be動(dòng)詞之后離之
最近的名詞是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。如:Thereisapenandtwopencilsonthedesk.
15Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifittomorrow.
A.isn'train
B.rains
C.won'train
D.doesn'train
[答案]D.
[析]在狀語從句中應(yīng)用一般時(shí)態(tài)來表示將來。
16Bikesmustn'teverywhere.
A.beput
B.beputted
C.put
D.putting
[答案]A.
[析]這里是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。與put有關(guān)的詞組如下:
putaway放好putoff推遲puton穿上putout撲滅putdown放下
17NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimeiHarbin.
A.havebeento
B.hasbeento
C.havegoneto
D.hasgoneto
[答案]B.
[析]hasbeento是去過某處。
18It'scoldtodayyou'dbettermorecoats.
A.puton
B.takeoff
C.toputon
D.totakeoff
[答案]A.
[析]'dbetter其后加不帶to的不定式,而puton為“穿上”。
19HenryabirthdaycardforSamyesterday.
A.hasbought
B.buys
C.bought
D.willbuy
[答案]C.
[析]因句中的yesterday為表達(dá)過去的時(shí)間狀語,所以應(yīng)用過去時(shí)態(tài)。
20WhenIgottothefactory,theworkersaboutthefilim.
A.aretalking
B.talked
C.weretalking
D.havetalked
[答案]c.
[析]狀語從句中所用的動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),那么主句中也要與之照應(yīng)。而工人們?cè)谡務(wù)撾娪?/p>
為一長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作,所以要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。
A.take
B.bring
C.carry
D.catch
[答案]A.
22Ienjoythelightmusic.
A.tolistento
B.listeningto
C.hearing
D.tohear
[答案]B.
[析]enjoy與finish其后只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
23Pleaseassoonasyougetthere.
A.ringmeup
B.ringupme
C.wakemeup
D.wakeupme
[答案]A.
[析]ringup打,而wakeup喚醒。英文中有很多動(dòng)詞詞組如其賓語是代詞時(shí),一定
要放在動(dòng)詞與介詞之間。
24WhenI,Iwanttobeateacher.
A.growsup
B.growup
C.shallgrow
D.grewup
[答案]B.
[析]growup長(zhǎng)大。而狀語從句要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來,即使主句也用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),
但它含有將來之意。
25Icalledhimandhetohaveatalkwithme.
A.stop
B.stops
C.stoped
D.stopped
[答案]D.
[析]這是由and連接的兩個(gè)并列句,所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致。
26-Wouldyoupleasemeanevaser,Lucy
-Certainly.Hereyouare.
A.borrow
B.lend
C.borrowed
D.lent
[答案]B.
[析]wouldyouplease其后接不帶to的不定式即動(dòng)詞原形,而borrow為“借入”而lend
為“借出”。
27Treesinspring.
A.plant
B.wereplanted
C.shouldbeplanted
D.shouldplant
[答案]C.
[析]should用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中表示應(yīng)該,而此句又是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
28-Where'syourfather
-HetoParis.
A.go
B.goes
C.went
D.hasgone
[答案]D.
[析]hasgone是已去某處了,不在這里了。所以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作影響到現(xiàn)在。
29-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow
-No,you.Youcandoitathome.
A.mustn't
B.maynot
C.needn't
D.can
[答案]C.
[析]neednt表示沒有必要一定要這樣做。由must提問,肯定句用must,否認(rèn)句用neednt.
30Thankyouverymuchforyourbookme.
A.lending,to
B.lent,to
C.borrow,from
D.borrowing,from
[答案]A.
[析]for是介詞,要用動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語。
31TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfromtheearthaway.
A.blowing
B.blow
C.blows
D.toblow
[答案]A.
[析]stop...fromdoingsomething.阻止某人或某物作某事。
32ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifitfinetomorrow.
A.willbe
B.is
C.shallbe
D.was
[答案]B.
33Ourteacheralwaystellsusinthestreet.It'stoodangerous.
A.don*tplay
B.nottoplay
C.toplay
D.notplay
[答案]B.
[析]不定式的否認(rèn)式為nottodo。
34Englishisausefullanguage.Itwidelyintheworld.
B.wasspoken
C.canspeak
D.willspeak
[答案]A.
[析]本句為被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
35Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.Itabird.
A.looksat
B.lookslike
C.looksfor
D.looksafter
[答案]B.
[析]looklike像...,其中l(wèi)ike為介詞。
36-Look!What'sWangPingdoingoverthere
-Sheunderabigtree.
A.sings
B.sang
C.hassung
D.issinging
[答案]D.
37Youseeadoctor.You'vegotabadcold.
A.will
B.aregoingto
C.hadbetter
D.could
[答案]C.
[析]hadbetter最好,意為一種真心的勸告。
38Yourradioistooloud.Wouldyouplease
A.turndownit
B.turnitdown
C.toturndownit
D.toturnitdown
[答案]B.
[析]wouldyouplease后面加動(dòng)詞原形。
39Couldyoutellmeifittomorrow
A.rains
B.israining
C.willrain
D.rain
[答案]c.
[析]if從句是賓語從句,而不是狀語從句。所以還是要用將來時(shí),而不能用一般現(xiàn)在
時(shí)表示將來。
40Suddenlyoneofthebagsthetruckandlandedinthemiddleoftheroad.
A.fellout
B.felldown
C.felloff
D.willbe
[答案]C.
[析]falloff掉落,與off有關(guān)的詞組有seeoff送行g(shù)iveoff散發(fā)shutoff關(guān)閉kick
off踢掉turnoff關(guān)閉getoff下車jump
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