上海名校第一次月考預(yù)測(cè)卷-新高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)（上海專用）（解析版）

PAGE1PAGE2上海名校第一次月考預(yù)測(cè)卷（解析版）學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：___________GrammarSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.（2023春·上?！じ呷虾＝淮蟾街行？奸_學(xué)考試）Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Wikipediahascomealongwaysinceitstartedin2001.Witharound70,000volunteerseditinginover100languages,itisbyfartheworld’s1(popular)referencesite.However,itsfutureisuncertain.Oneofthebiggestthreatsitfacesistheriseofsmartphones2thedominantpersonalcomputingdevice.Wikipediahasalwaysdependedoncontributors(撰稿人)whohunchoverkeyboards3(search)forreferences,discussingchangesandwritingarticleswithaspecialcode.It’ssimplytoohardtousecomplexcodeonatinyscreen.ThepoolofpotentialWikipediaeditors4dryupasthenumberofmobileuserskeepsgrowing.ThenonprofitWikimediaFoundation,5oversees(監(jiān)督)Wikipedia’soperations,6(look)forsolutionsforawhile.Forinstance,thedevelopmentoftouch-screentoolsallowseditorstosiftthrough(篩選)informationandsharecontentfromtheirphones.Thetensionrunsthroughthecommunity.Lastyear,thefoundationtookunprecedentedstepsofforcingtheinstallationofnewsoftwareontheGerman-languageWikipedia.TheGermaneditors7(show)theirindependencebyresistinganearlierupdatetothesite’suserinterface(界面).8thewishesoftheseexperiencededitors,thefoundationinstalledanewmethodforviewingmultimediacontentandthensetupa“superprotect”feature9(prevent)stubbornadministratorsfromchangingitback.Couldthepressurefrommobileusers,andtheinternaltension,tearWikipediaapart?Aworldwithoutitseemsunimaginable,butconsiderthefateofotheronlinecommunities.Blogging,celebratedadecadeagoaspioneeringanexcitingnewformofpersonalwriting,hasdecreasedsignificantlyinthesocial-mediaage.Thesearechallenges,buttheycanstill10(solve).ThereisnoothersignificantalternativetoWikipedia,andgoodwilltowardtheprojectcouldhardlybehigher.Inanageofinternetgiants,theselflessnessofwebsitesisworthsaving.【答案】1．mostpopular2．a(chǎn)s3．searching4．could5．which6．islooking7．hadshown8．Against9．toprevent10．besolved【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了維基百科（Wikipedia）當(dāng)前面臨的危機(jī)和挑戰(zhàn)，希望維基百科能夠得到拯救。1．考查形容詞。句意：它是迄今為止全世界最受歡迎的參考網(wǎng)站，有大約七萬名志愿者用100多種語(yǔ)言對(duì)其進(jìn)行編輯。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為形容詞作定語(yǔ)修飾referencesite，根據(jù)句意和定冠詞the，此處應(yīng)使用形容詞的最高級(jí)，popular為多音節(jié)詞，其最高級(jí)為mostpopular。故填mostpopular2．考查介詞。句意：維基百科面臨的最大威脅之一是作為主導(dǎo)地位的個(gè)人計(jì)算設(shè)備的智能手機(jī)的崛起。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為介詞，與空后的名詞構(gòu)成介賓短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾smartphones，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“成為，作為”為as符合句意。故填as。3．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：維基百科一直依賴于貢獻(xiàn)者，他們彎腰在鍵盤上搜索參考文獻(xiàn)，討論更改并使用特殊代碼撰寫文章。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，且該空與其后面的discussing和writing為并列結(jié)構(gòu)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)contributors是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填searching。4．考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著移動(dòng)用戶人數(shù)持續(xù)增加，潛在的維基百科編輯群可能會(huì)消失。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)與dryup構(gòu)成句子的謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)空后為動(dòng)詞原形可推斷，此處應(yīng)為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合句意，此處表示邏輯上的可能性，且可能性較小。故填could。5．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：非營(yíng)利性的維基媒體基金會(huì)(WikimediaFoundation)負(fù)責(zé)維基百科的運(yùn)行，該基金會(huì)正在研究解決辦法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為連詞引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾ThenonprofitWikimediaFoundation，從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且先行詞指物。故填which。6．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：非營(yíng)利性的維基媒體基金會(huì)(WikimediaFoundation)負(fù)責(zé)維基百科的運(yùn)行，該基金會(huì)正在研究解決辦法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞oversees可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)合句意，此處表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，所以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，句子主語(yǔ)thenonprofitWikimediaFoundation為第三人稱單數(shù)，與lookfor為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填islooking。7．考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：德國(guó)編輯通過抵制早期對(duì)網(wǎng)站用戶界面的更新表明他們的獨(dú)立性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)上文中的“thefoundationtookunprecedentedsteps”可知，此處為過去時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)合句意可知，show發(fā)生在took之前，所以應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，且與主語(yǔ)為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填hadshown。8．考查介詞。句意：基金會(huì)不顧資深編輯的意愿，安裝了一種查看多媒體內(nèi)容的新方式，后來又設(shè)置了一種“超級(jí)保護(hù)”功能，阻止那些不愿屈服的管理員改回從前版本。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為介詞與空后的名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，此處為against意為“與……相反，違反”符合句意，且位于句首，首字母大寫。故填A(yù)gainst。9．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：基金會(huì)不顧資深編輯的意愿，安裝了一種查看多媒體內(nèi)容的新方式，后來又設(shè)置了一種“超級(jí)保護(hù)”功能，阻止那些不愿屈服的管理員改回從前版本。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意可知，此處表目的，所以使用不定式形式，且prevent與邏輯主語(yǔ)thefoundation間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填toprevent。10．考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：盡管有些挑戰(zhàn)，這些仍可以解決。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后為動(dòng)詞原形，且該動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)they間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填besolved。SectionBDirections:（2023春·上海楊浦·高三上海市楊浦高級(jí)中學(xué)校考階段練習(xí)）Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A．liveB．a(chǎn)daptedC．perspectiveD．maximizeE.costumesF.injectG.creditedH.directorialI.publicityJ.prospectK.integratedYoungChineseoperadirectorbroadenstraditionalartform“Chineseoperaartislikeahugesponge,constantlyabsorbing,transforming,mergingandflourishing,”saystraditionalChineseoperadirectorLiZhuoqun,whois11withcreatingamarketfortraditionaloperashowsinsmalltheatersacrossChina.Performedin2013,LiZhuoqun’sfirst12work“DeathDoUsPart”isastory13fromthe14th-centuryChineseclassicnovel“WaterMargin”.Li,agraduateoftheNationalAcademyofChineseTheaterArts,saysthatperformingthisclassicpiecefortoday’saudienceisanexperimentandachallenge.“Wedecidedtoshortenthedivorcescenethatlastedfourorfivedaysinorderto14theeffectofourvocalsanddramaticperformances.Wealsoinvitedmoderndancerstoworkwithus.We15theperformancemethodsoftraditionaloperawiththerhythmofmodemdance.”Lidefinesherteamas“small,deep,refinedandbroad”.Sheexplained,“‘Small’initssize,volumeand16.‘Deep’referstoourperformanceandthedepthofthescript.‘Refined’referstotheproductionofthe17makeup,props,soundandlight.‘Broad’referstoits18andoperation.”“Wetargetallagesandawideraudience.”ToLi,traditionaloperais“theartofregret”duetotheuniquecharmof19performances.Sheaimstoallowtheaudiencetoenjoyeveryminuteoftheshowanddrawmorepeopletothetheater.Lisaid,“Wehopetofindapossibilityforsmalltheateroperatomakeabreakthroughintermsofthemarketandtargetaudience.Withthedevelopmentofaesthetics(審美)andsociety,ourgenerationneedsto20awiderandmorevariedartisticvocabularyintotraditionalopera.Yetitshouldstilldeveloponthebasisofmaintainingthecharacteristicsoftraditionalopera.”【答案】11．G12．H13．B14．D15．K16．C17．E18．I19．A20．F【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國(guó)戲曲青年導(dǎo)演拓寬了傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式。11．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：“中國(guó)戲曲藝術(shù)就像一塊巨大的海綿，不斷地吸收、改造、融合和繁榮，”中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)戲曲導(dǎo)演李卓群說，他被認(rèn)為為中國(guó)各地的小劇場(chǎng)創(chuàng)造了傳統(tǒng)戲曲表演市場(chǎng)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“被認(rèn)為”，credited符合句意，與空前is構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故選G。12．考查形容詞。句意：2013年，李卓群導(dǎo)演的第一部作品《至死不渝》上映，故事改編自14世紀(jì)中國(guó)經(jīng)典小說《水滸傳》。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“導(dǎo)演的”，directorial符合句意，修飾名詞work，作定語(yǔ)。故選H。13．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：2013年，李卓群導(dǎo)演的第一部作品《至死不渝》上映，故事改編自14世紀(jì)中國(guó)經(jīng)典小說《水滸傳》。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“改編”，adapted符合句意，屬于過去分詞，作后置定語(yǔ)。故選B。14．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：為了最大限度地發(fā)揮我們的聲音和戲劇效果，我們決定縮短4、5天的離婚場(chǎng)面。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“使增加到最大限度”，maximize符合句意，固定搭配inordertodosth.，空處使用動(dòng)詞原形。故選D。15．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我們將傳統(tǒng)戲曲的表演方法與現(xiàn)代舞的節(jié)奏相結(jié)合。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“（使）合并，成為一體”，integrated符合句意，此處是一般過去時(shí)。故選K。16．考查名詞。句意：“小”是指它的大小、體積和視角。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“視角”，perspective符合句意。故選C。17．考查名詞。句意：“精致”指的是服裝、化妝、道具、聲光的制作。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“服裝”，costumes符合句意。故選E。18．考查名詞。句意：“廣”指的是宣傳和經(jīng)營(yíng)。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“宣傳”，publicity符合句意。故選I。19．考查形容詞。句意：對(duì)李來說，由于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)表演的獨(dú)特魅力，傳統(tǒng)戲曲是“遺憾的藝術(shù)”。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“現(xiàn)場(chǎng)的”，live符合句意，修飾名詞performances，作定語(yǔ)。故選A。20．考查動(dòng)詞。句意：隨著審美和社會(huì)的發(fā)展，我們這代人需要為傳統(tǒng)戲曲注入更廣泛、更豐富的藝術(shù)詞匯。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“注入”，inject符合句意，固定搭配needtodo，空處使用動(dòng)詞原形。故選F。ReadingComprehension(21–35題，每題1分；36–50題，每題2分；共45分)SectionADirections:eachblankinthefollowingpassagemarkedB,CandD.ineachblankwiththeorphrasethatbestthecontext.（2023·上?！ど虾Ｊ袕?fù)興高級(jí)中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）Humanbeingshavesomehowmanagedtoengineerthenighttoreceiveusbyfillingitwithlight.Thiskindofcontrolisnodifferentfromthefeat(壯舉)ofdammingariver.Itsbenefitscomewith21—calledlightpollution—whoseeffectsscientistsareonlynowbeginningtostudy.Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign.22lightingwashesoutthedarknessofnight,alteringlightlevelsandlightrhythmstowhichmanyformsoflife,includingourselves,have23.Whereverman-madelightspillsintothenaturalworld,someaspectsoflife-migration,reproduction,feeding-isaffected.Formosthumanhistory,thephrase“l(fā)ightpollution”wouldhave24.ImaginewalkingtowardsLondononamoonlitnightaround1800,whenitwasEarth’smostpopulouscity.Nearlyamillionpeoplelivedthere,25candles,torchesandlanterns,astheyalwayshad.Onlyafewhouseswerelitbygas,andtherewouldbenopublicgaslightsinthestreetsorsquaresforanothersevenyears.Fromafewmilesaway,youwouldhavebeenmorelikelyto26Londonthantoseeitsdimcollectiveglow.We’velitupthenightasifitwerea(n)27country.Asamatteroffact,amongmammals(哺乳動(dòng)物)alone,thenumberofspeciesactiveatnightisastonishing.Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.Theeffectissopowerfulthatscientistsspeakofsongbirdsandseabirdsbeing28bysearchlightsonlandorbythelightfromgasflaresonmarineoilplatforms,circlingandcirclinginthethousandsuntiltheydrop.Itwasoncethoughtthatlightpollutiononlyaffectedastronomers,whoneedtoseethenightskyinallitsgloriousclarity.Unlikeastronomers,mostofusmaynotneeda29viewofthenightskyforourwork.30,likemostothercreatures,wedoneeddarkness.31darknessispointless.Itisasessentialtomaintainingourbiologicalwelfareas32itself;thepriceofmodifyingourinternalclockworkmeansitdoesn’toperateasitshould,causingvariousphysicaldiscomforts.Sofundamentalaretheregularrhythmsofwakingandsleeptoourbeingthat33themissimilartoalteringourcenterofgravity.Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesusto34ourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing,whichisbest35againstthedimensionsofadeepnightwiththeMilkyWay—theedgeofourgalaxy—archingoverhead.21．A．consequences B．a(chǎn)chievements C．a(chǎn)greements D．circumstances22．A．Randomly-designedB．Well-designed C．Poorly-designed D．Economically-designed23．A．a(chǎn)ppealed B．a(chǎn)dapted C．objected D．a(chǎn)mounted24．A．comeundercriticism B．madenodifference C．comeintoeffect D．madenosense25．A．makingdowith B．fedupwith C．identifyingwith D．overflowingwith26．A．visit B．greet C．feel D．smell27．A．independent B．disconnected C．unoccupied D．excluded28．A．exposed B．captured C．dismissed D．frustrated29．A．clear B．comprehensive C．traditional D．critical30．A．Subsequently B．However C．Therefore D．Similarly31．A．Reviewing B．Embracing C．Denying D．Regulating32．A．light B．rhythm C．status D．dawn33．A．emergingfrom B．withdrawingfrom C．messingwith D．coincidingwith34．A．keeptrackof B．losesightof C．catchholdof D．letgoof35．A．measured B．neutralized C．undergone D．supervised【答案】21．A22．C23．B24．D25．A26．D27．C28．B29．A30．B31．C32．A33．C34．B35．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了因?yàn)槿祟愓彰鲗?dǎo)致的光污染相關(guān)情況。21．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它的好處伴隨著被稱為光污染的后果，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在才開始研究光污染的影響。A.consequences結(jié)果；B.achievements成就；C.agreement同意；D.circumstances情況。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ightpollution(光污染)”可知，這是人類黑夜使用燈光造成的結(jié)果。故選A項(xiàng)。22．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：拙劣設(shè)計(jì)的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改變包括我們?cè)趦?nèi)的許多生命形式所適應(yīng)的光線水平和光線節(jié)奏。A.Randomly-designed隨意設(shè)計(jì)的；B.Well-designed好好設(shè)計(jì)的；C.Poorly-designed拙劣設(shè)計(jì)的；D.Economically-designed經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)惠設(shè)計(jì)的。根據(jù)上文“Lightpollutionislargelytheresultofbadlightingdesign.(光污染在很大程度上是不良照明設(shè)計(jì)的結(jié)果)”可知，本文探討的光污染與不良照明設(shè)計(jì)關(guān)系密切，即拙劣設(shè)計(jì)的照明。故選C項(xiàng)。23．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：拙劣設(shè)計(jì)的的照明消除夜晚的黑暗，改變包括我們?cè)趦?nèi)的許多生命形式所適應(yīng)的光線水平和光線節(jié)奏。A.appealed呼吁；B.adapted使適應(yīng)；C.objected反對(duì)；D.amounted共計(jì)。根據(jù)上文“alteringlightlevelsandlightrhythms(改變光線水平和光線節(jié)奏)”可推測(cè)，發(fā)生改變的是大家習(xí)以為常的光線水平和節(jié)奏，而動(dòng)詞搭配adaptto意為“使適應(yīng)”，此處表示人們以及適應(yīng)的光線水平和節(jié)奏被改變，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)。24．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：對(duì)于大多數(shù)人類歷史而言，“光污染”這一短語(yǔ)毫無意義。A.comeundercriticism遭受批評(píng)；B.madenodifference沒區(qū)別；C.comeintoeffect生效；D.madenosense沒意義。根據(jù)下文“ImaginewalkingtowardsLondononamoonlitnightaround1800,whenitwasEarth’smostpopulouscity.(想象一下，大概在1800年，在一個(gè)月明的夜晚走向倫敦這個(gè)地球上人口最多的城市)”可知，人類歷史上很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間大家并沒意識(shí)到光污染這件事情，因此“光污染”這一短語(yǔ)毫無意義。故選D項(xiàng)。25．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：近一百萬人住在那里，像往常一樣，湊合著使用蠟燭、火把和燈籠。A.makingdowith湊合著用；B.fedupwith使對(duì)……厭煩；C.identifyingwith認(rèn)同；D.overflowingwith充滿。根據(jù)下文“Onlyafewhouseswerelitbygas(只有幾所房子被煤氣點(diǎn)亮)”可知，許多家庭無法使用煤氣燈，湊合使用蠟燭等照明。故選A項(xiàng)。26．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在幾英里之外，你更可能聞到倫敦的味道，而不是看到它暗淡的集體光芒。A.visit參觀；B.greet打招呼；C.feel感受；D.smell聞。根據(jù)上文“candles,torchesandlanterns(蠟燭、火把和燈籠)”和“gas(煤氣)”可知，這些照明方式有很重的氣味，可能先聞到氣味才能看見燈光。故選D項(xiàng)。27．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我們點(diǎn)亮了夜晚，仿佛這是一個(gè)無人居住的國(guó)家。A.independent獨(dú)立的；B.disconnected不連貫的；C.unoccupied空置的；D.excluded排除在外的。根據(jù)下文“Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.(光是一種強(qiáng)大的生物力，對(duì)許多物種來說，它就像一塊磁鐵，吸引著它們)”可知，因?yàn)檎彰鞯臒艄?，夜晚不再是原本意義上的夜晚，生物物種都被照明燈光吸引，不在身處黑夜，故可將這樣的夜晚比喻成沒有物種，空置的地方。故選C項(xiàng)。28．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這種效應(yīng)是如此強(qiáng)大，以至于科學(xué)家們說，鳴禽和海鳥被陸地上的探照燈或海洋石油平臺(tái)上的廢氣燃燒器所捕獲，數(shù)千只在空中盤旋，直到墜落。A.exposed暴露；B.captured捕獲；C.dismissed解雇；D.frustrated使受挫。根據(jù)上文“Lightisapowerfulbiologicalforce,andonmanyspeciesitactsasamagnetattractingthemtoit.(光是一種強(qiáng)大的生物力，對(duì)許多物種來說，它就像一塊磁鐵，吸引著它們)”可知，這些鳴禽海鳥被陸地上的探照燈或海洋石油平臺(tái)上的廢氣燃燒器產(chǎn)生的燈光吸引，最終掉落，可以比喻為被捕獲。故選B項(xiàng)。29．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：與天文學(xué)家不同，我們大多數(shù)人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空。A.clear清楚的；B.comprehensive全面的；C.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；D.critical批評(píng)的。根據(jù)上文“Itwasoncethoughtthatlightpollutiononlyaffectedastronomers,whoneedtoseethenightskyinallitsgloriousclarity.(曾經(jīng)有人認(rèn)為光污染只會(huì)影響天文學(xué)家，他們需要看到夜空的明亮)”可知，此處把天文學(xué)家和大多數(shù)普通人作對(duì)比，天文學(xué)家需要清晰的夜空，而普通人不需要。故選A項(xiàng)。30．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，和大多數(shù)生物一樣，我們的確需要黑暗。A.Subsequently隨后；B.However然而；C.Therefore因此；D.Similarly相似地。根據(jù)上文“Unlikeastronomers,mostofusmaynotneedaclearviewofthenightskyforourwork.(與天文學(xué)家不同，我們大多數(shù)人的工作可能不需要清晰的夜空)”可知，這與下文“我們的確需要黑暗”形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選B項(xiàng)。31．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：否認(rèn)黑暗是無意義的。A.Reviewing復(fù)習(xí)；B.Embracing擁抱；C.Denying否認(rèn)；D.Regulating調(diào)節(jié)。根據(jù)下文“Itisasessentialtomaintainingourbiologicalwelfareaslightitself(它對(duì)維持我們的生物福利和光本身一樣重要)”可知，此處it指代的“黑暗”本身對(duì)我們生物而言很重要，和光線一樣必不可少，因此我們不能否認(rèn)它。故選C項(xiàng)。32．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它就像光本身一樣，對(duì)維持我們的生物福利至關(guān)重要；改變我們體內(nèi)生物鐘的代價(jià)意味著它不能正常工作，導(dǎo)致各種身體不適。A.light光；B.rhythm節(jié)奏；C.status身份；D.dawn黎明。根據(jù)上文“Denyingdarknessispointless.(否認(rèn)黑暗是無意義的)”可知，前后兩句在對(duì)比黑暗和光線，二者一樣重要，空格處應(yīng)該填light“光”。故選A項(xiàng)。33．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：清醒和睡眠的規(guī)律對(duì)我們來說是如此的基本，以至于打亂它們就像改變我們的重心。A.emergingfrom來自；B.withdrawingfrom從……中退出；C.messingwith打亂；D.coincidingwith與……一致。根據(jù)上文“thepriceofmodifyingourinternalclockworkmeansitdoesn’toperateasitshould,causingvariousphysicaldiscomforts.(修改我們內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘的代價(jià)意味著它不能正常工作，導(dǎo)致各種身體不適)”可知，修改內(nèi)部時(shí)鐘即意味著打亂清醒和睡眠的節(jié)奏。故選C項(xiàng)。34．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：從某種非常實(shí)際的意義上來說，光污染使我們看不到我們?cè)谟钪嬷械恼鎸?shí)位置，忘記了我們?nèi)祟惔嬖诘囊?guī)模，而衡量人類位置和規(guī)模的最佳對(duì)照就是懸拱于頭頂、處在星系邊緣的銀河所在的幽深夜空。A.keeptrackof了解……的動(dòng)態(tài)；B.losesightof看不見；C.catchholdof抓??；D.letgoof放開。根據(jù)下文“ourtrueplaceintheuniverse(我們?cè)谟钪嬷械恼鎸?shí)位置)”可知，位置是需要用眼睛看的，而光污染使我們看不清天空，故也看不見我們?cè)谟钪嬷械奈恢?。故選B項(xiàng)。35．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從某種非常實(shí)際的意義上來說，光污染使我們看不到我們?cè)谟钪嬷械恼鎸?shí)位置，忘記了我們?nèi)祟惔嬖诘囊?guī)模，而衡量人類位置和規(guī)模的最佳對(duì)照就是懸拱于頭頂、處在星系邊緣的銀河所在的幽深夜空。A.measured衡量；B.neutralized使無效；C.undergone經(jīng)受；D.supervised監(jiān)督。根據(jù)上文“l(fā)ightpollutioncausesustolosesightofourtrueplaceintheuniverse,toforgetthescaleofourbeing(光污染使我們看不到我們?cè)谟钪嬷械恼鎸?shí)位置，忘記了我們?nèi)祟惔嬖诘囊?guī)模)”可知，此處所提到的“我們?cè)谟钪嬷械恼鎸?shí)位置”以及“我們?nèi)祟惔嬖诘囊?guī)?！倍际俏覀儜?yīng)該清楚的東西，而清楚的方式就是用黑夜來進(jìn)行對(duì)比，詞組measureagainst意為“使相比較，衡量”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A項(xiàng)。SectionB Directions:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.（A）（2023·上海浦東新·統(tǒng)考三模）DearDoggyDiaryMONDAYNowwe’vesurelygotallwerequireforthepuppy’sarrival:abasket,ascreamingtoybananaandabagofdogfood.Fornames,wearehesitatingbetweenSpikeorLenny—but,asItellthislisttoaBlackfriend,IsuddenlyrealizebothnamesareassociatedwithfamousBlackmen,andpanicthatthisisalittleoffence.TUESDAYOurfriendSamhaskindlyvolunteeredto“puppyproof”ourhome.“Youdon’twanttogivehimthatscreamingtoy,that’sencouraginghimtoeatyoursofa,”shesays,inspectingourpurchasesdisapprovingly.Shehandsusabook,byDrIanDunbar.“Thisguy”,sheassuresus,“isaSuperBabysitterfordogs.”WEDNESDAYSpentlastnight______57______Dunbarhasplentyofwisdomon“positivelycommunicating”withthepuppy,butnothingonhowtogetapuppyandalsotwoyoungchildren.THURSDAYD-Day.Nowtheregistrationwebsitewantsadognameatshortnotice.So,wegofor“Buzz”.Onesyllable(音節(jié))andwithmulti-generationalfascination(GrannythinksAldrin,kidsthinkLightyear).FRIDAYIfeelveryhesitantaboutsayingso,butlastnightwentwell.Buzzisincrediblycute,thekidsadorehimandhe’sverycuteandonlydidonepee(排尿)ontheblanket,anddidImentionhe’scute?SATURDAY“Love”feelslikeastretchrightnow.Our“play”wasevidentlynot“focused”enoughtopreventBuzzbitingthroughoursofa.Also,ourthree-year-oldthinksit’sfunnytorunaway,soBuzzwrestleshimtothegroundandlicksalloverhisface.Isuspectthisisn’tthebestwaytoprepareBuzzforengagingwiththepublic.SUNDAYThewholehousesmellsofdog.Ifindthisnasty,butfriends,family,andpeoplewebarelyknowexistedaredroppingbytomeethim.“It’slikehavingababy,eh?”saysmyneighbor,Erik,brightly.“Yes,butit’sababyyoucanneglectwhenitcries!”Irespondcheerfully.Hefrowns(皺眉).MONDAYIt’s2A．M.onthecoldestdayoftheyearandI’monmyhandsandkneesinthebushes.Ithinkyou’veneverreallyexperiencedaharshmid-winteruntilyou’retryingtorunafterapuppy.Then,wereturninside,andit’sjustmeandBuzz.Peace.Ishouldputhimbackinhiscage,butIfindIcan’tresistahug.Don’ttellmywife.36．Whatdoesthephrase“puppyproof”ourhomemeaninparagraph2?A．Makeourhomecleanenoughforthepuppy. B．Inspectourhometomakeitpuppy-friendly.C．Provethatthepuppywillsatisfyourneeds. D．Decorateourhomewithbooksonpuppies.37．Inthediaryof“WEDNESDAY”,apassageismissing.Whichofthefollowingplotbestfitsintothenumberedblank?A．Pickingadog’snamefromanamelistofBlacks.B．Lookingoverthehouseforpotentialsafetyhazards.C．StudyingDunbar’sbookonhowtotakecareofadog.D．VisitingDunbarinpersoninordertoadopthispuppy.38．Whichofthefollowingisthereasonfornamingthepuppy“Buzz”?A．OtherchoicesimplystrongprejudiceagainstBlackpeople.B．Itspronunciationresemblesthepuppy’scuteandshortbark.C．Theregistrationwebsiterecommendsthenametothefamily.D．Thenameholdsappealtoboththeelderandtheyoungergenerations.39．Whichofthefollowingdoesthediaryfeatureaftertheadoptionofthepuppy?A．Chaosandcuteness. B．Hatredandlove. C．Messandcleanliness. D．Abuseandaffection.【答案】36．B37．C38．D39．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇日記集選。文章講述的是作者自從收養(yǎng)了一只小狗之后生活中發(fā)生的變化。36．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文““Youdon’twanttogivehimthatscreamingtoy,that’sencouraginghimtoeatyoursofa,”shesays,inspectingourpurchasesdisapprovingly.Shehandsusabook,byDrIanDunbar.“Thisguy”,sheassuresus,“isaSuperBabysitterfordogs.”(“你不會(huì)想給他那種會(huì)尖叫的玩具，那會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他吃掉你的沙發(fā)，”她一邊說，一邊不以為然地檢查著我們買的東西。她遞給我們一本伊恩·鄧巴博士寫的書?！斑@家伙”，她向我們保證，“是狗的超級(jí)保姆?！?”可知，作者的朋友到作者的家里是幫助作者布置家里以適合小狗的生活。由此可推知，畫線短語(yǔ)““puppyproof”ourhome”意為“檢查我們的家，使它適合小狗?！惫蔬xB。37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)空處的下文“Dunbarhasplentyofwisdomon“positivelycommunicating”withthepuppy,butnothingonhowtogetapuppyandalsotwoyoungchildren.(鄧巴在與小狗“積極溝通”方面有很多智慧，但沒有關(guān)于提到如何得到一只小狗和兩個(gè)年幼的孩子。)”可知，作者閱讀了朋友所贈(zèng)送的書，并了解了書中的內(nèi)容。由此推斷，空處內(nèi)容和鄧巴的書有關(guān)。選項(xiàng)C“StudyingDunbar’sbookonhowtotakecareofadog.(學(xué)習(xí)鄧巴關(guān)于如何照顧狗的書。)”指的是作者閱讀鄧巴的書，與上文內(nèi)容保持一致。故選C。38．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Onesyllable(音節(jié))andwithmulti-generationalfascination(GrannythinksAldrin,kidsthinkLightyear).(一個(gè)音節(jié)，并擁有多代人的喜愛(奶奶認(rèn)為是Aldrin，孩子認(rèn)為光年)。)”可推斷，作者選這個(gè)名字是因?yàn)檫@個(gè)名字對(duì)于老一代和年輕一代人而言都有吸引力。故選D。39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Ifeelveryhesitantaboutsayingso,butlastnightwentwell.Buzzisincrediblycute,thekidsadorehimandhe’sverycuteandonlydidonepee(排尿)ontheblanket,anddidImentionhe’scute?(我很猶豫要不要這么說，但昨晚很順利。巴斯非常可愛，孩子們都很喜歡它，它非?？蓯?，它只在毯子上尿過一次尿，我說過它很可愛嗎?)”、第六段““Love”feelslikeastretchrightnow.Our“play”wasevidentlynot“focused”enoughtopreventBuzzbitingthroughoursofa.Also,ourthree-year-oldthinksit’sfunnytorunaway,soBuzzwrestleshimtothegroundandlicksalloverhisface.(“愛”現(xiàn)在感覺有點(diǎn)牽強(qiáng)。我們的“游戲”顯然不夠“專注”，不足以防止巴斯咬破我們的沙發(fā)。還有，我們?nèi)龤q的孩子覺得逃跑很好玩，所以巴斯把他摔在地上，舔了他一臉。)”、第七段“Thewholehousesmellsofdog.Ifindthisnasty,butfriends,family,andpeoplewebarelyknowexistedaredroppingbytomeethim.(整個(gè)房子都有股狗腥味。我覺得這很惡心，但朋友，家人，還有我們幾乎不認(rèn)識(shí)的人都來見他了。)”、最后一段“Ishouldputhimbackinhiscage,butIfindIcan’tresistahug.Don’ttellmywife.(我應(yīng)該把他放回籠子里，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)我忍不住要擁抱他。別告訴我妻子。)”可判斷，作者自從領(lǐng)養(yǎng)了小狗之后，日記從最初的有點(diǎn)混亂到后來充滿對(duì)小狗的喜愛，以及描述了小狗的可愛。故選A。（B）（2023·上?！けR灣高級(jí)中學(xué)?？既＃￤henasharpchestpainwokemeuparound3A．M.,Ihadtheobviousquestion:Wasthistrulypanic-worthy?Ithoughtaboutdialing911,butthenInoticedthat…well,thepainwasontherightsideofmychestratherthantheleft.Mybreathingwasn’tlabored.Myheartwasn’tbeatingfast.Solikemillionsbeforeme,Icomparedmysymptomswiththoseonthesearchengine.Ontopofthescreenwasanarticleentitled“16CausesofRightSideChestPain.”Bingo,Ithought—exceptitwasanad.Imovedontotheactualsearchresults,whichwereheadlined“17CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChest”and“26CausesofChestPain&Tightness.”WhenIgotto“3TypesofChestPainThatWon’tKillYou,”Istartedwondering:Whatwerealltheseweirdarticles?Thetitleswereaboutmakinguseofsearchengine’salgorithm(算法)tograbpeople’sattentionattheirweakmoments.Thisiscalledsearch-engineoptimization,orSEO:theartandscienceofengineeringforhigherplacementinthesearchresultsandgettingpeopletoclickonthelinks.Unlikealotof“medicalinformation”online,SEOitselfisinfactbasedonthescientificmethodcalledstand-out.Wenoticethingsthatstandout—likeoddlyprecisenumbers.Istillneededinformation,though,soIclickedonaresultfromWebMD．Ihadseenthatsitebefore,anditdidn’tseemlikeitcontainedfakeinformation.IwasbarelyaparagraphortwoinwhenInoticedlinksaboutlungcancersymptoms.Huh?Lungcanceroftencausesnopainuntilitslaterstages.ThenIrealizedthattheinformationaboutlungcancerwasanad,butthe“ad”signwasbarelynoticeable.Duringanemergencyitisobviouslynotthebesttimetoscarepeopleintoclickinglinksforunlikelydiseases.Indeed,ifyouclickedonthese“l(fā)ungcancersymptoms,”thebrowsertookyoueventuallytoasiteadvertisingalungcancermedicine.Ugh.Havingmedicalinformationonlinebefinancedbyadvertisersordrugcompanies—orsupplementmanufacturers—iscertainlynothealthy.Theyoftenhaveanincentive(動(dòng)機(jī))toscareus.It’salose-losesituation.Sometimeswedoneedtobeworriedandseekmedicalcare.Othertimesit’sjustfearmongeringclicks.Butwhocantellwhenoneisincrisis?40．Whentheauthorsearchedhersymptomsonline,shewastryingtofindoutwhether_____.A．sheneededtocallforanambulanceimmediatelyB．sheshouldvisitamedicalprofessionalforadviceC．therewasaneffectivemedicineforherchestpainD．herpainwasasignofsomekindofheartproblem41．AccordingtoSEO,whichpartofthefollowingarticletitlemakesitstandout?16CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChestthatWon’tKillYouA．“16.” B．“CausesofPain.”C．“RightSideoftheChest.” D．“KillYou.”42．WhatisthemainproblemoftheWebMDaccordingtotheauthor?A．Itsinformationistooscaryandworryingforbrowsers.B．Itisnotaspecializedwebsiteoflungcancersymptoms.C．Itisnotdesignedfortreatingemergencysituations.D．Itisprobablysponsoredbymedicalcompanies.【答案】40．D41．A42．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。作者根據(jù)自己經(jīng)歷來描述一種互聯(lián)網(wǎng)搜索現(xiàn)象，即搜索引擎優(yōu)化，也就是SEO：在搜索結(jié)果中獲得更高位置并讓人們點(diǎn)擊鏈接的工程藝術(shù)和科學(xué)。40．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Solikemillionsbeforeme,Icomparedmysymptomswiththoseonthesearchengine.Ontopofthescreenwasanarticleentitled“16CausesofRightSideChestPain.”Bingo,Ithought—exceptitwasanad.Imovedontotheactualsearchresults,whichwereheadlined“17CausesofPainintheRightSideoftheChest”and“26CausesofChestPain&Tightness.”(于是，像我之前的數(shù)百萬人一樣，我將自己的癥狀與搜索引擎上的癥狀進(jìn)行了比較。屏幕上方是一篇題為“右側(cè)胸痛的16種原因”的文章。答對(duì)了，我想——只不過這是個(gè)廣告。我接著看實(shí)際的搜索結(jié)果，標(biāo)題是“右側(cè)胸部疼痛的17個(gè)原因”和“胸部疼痛和胸悶的26個(gè)原因”)”可知，作者在網(wǎng)上搜索她的癥狀時(shí)，是在查找她胸痛的原因，也就是她的疼痛是某種心臟問題的征兆。故選D。41．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Unlikealotof“medicalinformation”online,SEOitselfisinfactbasedonthescientificmethodcalledstand-out.Wenoticethingsthatstandout—likeoddlyprecisenumbers.(不像網(wǎng)上的很多“醫(yī)學(xué)信息”，SEO本身其實(shí)是基于所謂的脫穎而出的科學(xué)方法。我們會(huì)注意到一些突出的東西——比如奇怪的精確數(shù)字)”可知，根據(jù)SEO，以下文章標(biāo)題的數(shù)字會(huì)脫穎而出。故選A。42．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Istillneededinformation,though,soIclickedonaresultfromWebMD.Ihadseenthatsitebefore,anditdidn’tseemlikeitcontainedfakeinformation.IwasbarelyaparagraphortwoinwhenInoticedlinksaboutlungcancersymptoms.Huh?Lungcanceroftencausesnopainuntilitslaterstages.ThenIrealizedthattheinformationaboutlungcancerwasanad,butthe“ad”signwasbarelynoticeable.(不過，我仍然需要一些信息，所以我點(diǎn)擊了WebMD的一個(gè)結(jié)果。我以前見過那個(gè)網(wǎng)站，它看起來不像包含虛假信息。我剛讀了一兩段，就注意到有關(guān)肺癌癥狀的鏈接。嗯？肺癌通常直到晚期才會(huì)引起疼痛。然后我意識(shí)到，關(guān)于肺癌的信息是一個(gè)廣告，但“廣告”的標(biāo)志幾乎不明顯)”以及最后一段“Havingmedicalinformationonlinebefinancedbyadvertisersordrugcompanies—orsupplementmanufacturers—iscertainlynothealthy.Theyoftenhaveanincentive(動(dòng)機(jī))toscareus.(讓廣告客戶、制藥公司或保健品制造商為網(wǎng)上的醫(yī)療信息提供資金當(dāng)然是不健康的。他們常常有嚇唬我們的動(dòng)機(jī))”可知，作者認(rèn)為WebMD的主要問題是廣告客戶、制藥公司或保健品制造商為網(wǎng)上的醫(yī)療信息提供資金當(dāng)然是不健康的，也就是它可能是由醫(yī)藥公司贊助的。故選D。（C）（2023·上?！ど虾Ｊ忻褶k文綺中學(xué)?？既＃〢saboy,whenJonnyKinkeadwasn’tmakingthingsusingthetoolsinhisdad’sgarage,hewasmessingaboutwithaguitar.Andthetwopre-occupationshavebeenhislivingforthepastfourdecades:buildingsteel-stringguitarsbyhand.“Theguitarstillappealstome,”hesays.“Makingasoundoutofwood—it’samazingwhatyoucando.”Jonnylearnedtoplayhisbrother’sguitarwhenhewaseleven.Then,whenhewassixteen,hewantedtolearnthebassguitar.“Somepeoplewouldhavegotaholidayjobandsavedupandboughtone,”hesays.“ButIwasofamindsetthatifyouwantedsomething,youmadeit.”AlthoughthebasswasthefirstinstrumentJonnybuiltfromnothing,heandhisbrothershadlongbeendoingessentiallythesamethingwithotheritems.“Imademodelboatsandaeroplanesasachild,soIwasfamiliarwiththatprocess.Myfatherhadtaughtmeandmybrothershowtousetools,andwehadfreematerialsinthegarage.”Jonnyhad