2021年高考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)總動(dòng)員系列-專題11-語(yǔ)法填空(解析版)

【母題再現(xiàn)】題型介紹：語(yǔ)法填空題給出200字左右的一段短文或?qū)υ挘温渲薪o出10個(gè)填空，其中4個(gè)（或更多）填空是給出一個(gè)單詞，填寫它的正確詞形，如形容詞的比較級(jí)等，其余6個(gè)填空是結(jié)合上下文直接填詞（不多于3個(gè)單詞）。這要求考生既要把握嫻熟的語(yǔ)法學(xué)問(wèn)，還要有確定的語(yǔ)言閱讀力氣?？疾榭忌诙涛闹械恼Z(yǔ)法實(shí)際應(yīng)用力氣。命題形式：本考點(diǎn)在高考中的命題形式主要有：1.短文填空；2.對(duì)話填空。高考選題：題型1：【2022·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).題型2：[2022·遼寧卷]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpractisingTaiChi(太極)．Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__61__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__62__(soft)．Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__63__(pain)．Jonny：Keep__64__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__65__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__66__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__67__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__68__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__70__.解題技巧：解答此類試題，可以從以下幾個(gè)方面著手考慮：語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空解題技巧解語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)法填空，要從“詞、句、篇”三個(gè)層面去思考。（1）詞匯層面方法1：做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的名詞或“形容詞+名詞”前無(wú)形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等限定詞時(shí)，依據(jù)上下文填冠詞?！纠?】Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto______smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.【例2】Butshequicklyrealizedthatitwasn’ther,itwasprobablythefactthatshesatin______lastrow.【解析】the 特指最終一排，在序數(shù)詞/最高級(jí)前，用定冠詞。方法2：句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，空格后沒(méi)有提示詞，填詞多為代詞。【例1】Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.【解析】it作賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)，替代動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)tochoose……?！纠?】Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease______.【解析】himpleasehim(使他興奮)，填代詞；依據(jù)句意，此處指代herfather。方法3：空格前已有主語(yǔ)，括號(hào)內(nèi)是動(dòng)詞提示，空格需填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?！纠?】He______(pretend)thatatigertoywasrealandgivingitavoice.【解析】waspretending由“andgiving”可確定，用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)。【例2】Wheremencontrolthehousehold,lessmoney______(spend)onhealthcareandfood,whichresultsinpoorerhealthforchildren.【解析】isspentmoney與spend之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)提示應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。方法4：句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞且又無(wú)并列連詞與括號(hào)內(nèi)提示的動(dòng)詞并列，說(shuō)明空格需填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式?！纠?】Filmhasamuchshorterhistory，especiallywhen______(compare)tosuchartformsasmusicandplanting.【解析】compared本句是whenitiscomparedto…的省略。compare與規(guī)律主語(yǔ)film是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。【例2】Buteveryoneaddedalittle,always______(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”【解析】thinking因everyone與think是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作added的伴隨狀語(yǔ)。方法5：當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)所提示的詞是形容詞或副詞且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，很可能填比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)?！纠?】Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe______(sweet).”【解析】sweeter句意是“什么也不會(huì)比這更甜”=這是世界上最甜的東西?！纠?】IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment______(late)thatday.【解析】later指那天晚些時(shí)候。方法6：當(dāng)“……（+限定詞）+名詞”或“……+代詞/doing/從句”在句中不做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常填介詞。【例1】Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman______thetrouble.【解析】for rewardsb.forsth.表示“因……而答謝/報(bào)答某人”?！纠?】Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired______doingthisforawholeday.【解析】after/fromA.用介詞after表示“在……之后”；B.betiredfromdoingsth.為“因做某事而累”。（2）句子層面方法1：連接兩個(gè)功能對(duì)等的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子時(shí)，應(yīng)填并列連詞and，or，but，while,when等?！纠?】Hewasverytiredfrom

doingthisforawholeday,______

hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”

higher.【解析】but句中veryhappy與verytired是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，兩句間是逗號(hào)且沒(méi)有連詞，故填連詞but?！纠?】SoNickcalledtohisson,“Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit:neithertoomuch______toolittle.”【解析】nor并列連詞“neither…nor…”表示“既不…也不…”。方法2：若推斷連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起名詞的作用（做主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)/同位語(yǔ)），則為名詞性從句，依據(jù)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞在從句成分和意義確定連詞?！纠?】Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto______shouldhavethehonorofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.【解析】who引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中做主語(yǔ)，指人?！纠?】Oneday,hecameupwithanidea______

hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.【解析】that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明idea的具體內(nèi)容，從句意義完整且不缺句子成分。方法3：若推斷連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起形容詞的作用（做定語(yǔ)），則為定語(yǔ)從句，依據(jù)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞和關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分確定關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞在從句做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，做狀語(yǔ)用關(guān)系副詞（可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞+關(guān)系代詞）?！纠?】Janepausedinfrontofacounter______someattractivetieswereondisplay.【解析】where句子+句子，中間必填連接詞；后句修飾前句，關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?！纠?】Hefilledhisleathercontainersothathecouldbringsomebacktoanelder______hadbeenhisteacher.【解析】who/that代替anelder，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中做主語(yǔ)。方法4：若推斷連詞所引導(dǎo)的從句起副詞的作用（做狀語(yǔ)），則為狀語(yǔ)從句，再依據(jù)兩句之間的意義和規(guī)律關(guān)系或者從屬連詞在從句中的作用和意義，來(lái)確定合適的連詞。【例1】Weunderstandthislessonbest______wereceivegiftsoflovefromchildren.【解析】when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”?！纠?】Myfriendswalkedmetothebusstopandwaitedwithme______thebusarrived.【解析】until/till表示“始終到……”?！纠?】…,sohecouldn’thavedoneit.______,hecouldn’tcarryaplateofsandwichesaswellashistennisstuff,soI’msureitwasn’thim.（2022樣題）【解析】Anyway“不管怎么說(shuō)”，考察對(duì)語(yǔ)境的把握，體會(huì)上下文講話人語(yǔ)氣。【例2】--Mum:Aretheythere?Oh,mygoodness.I______themintherewhenthephonerang.Oh,dear.Ireallymustbelosingmymind.Now,whydidIputonmycoat?（2022樣題）【解析】musthaveput考察對(duì)話上下文的理解和謂語(yǔ)的呼應(yīng)，讀懂上文“…andleftthemonthetable”、“Butsomeonemusthavetakenthem”、“Oh,itmusthavebeenDad.”以及下文幾處情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)得出答案?！究键c(diǎn)揭秘】高頻考點(diǎn)一：在語(yǔ)篇中考查詞匯【2022屆河北省唐山市一?！緾hristmasisnofunwhenyou'repoor．TwentyyearsagoIwasayoung,【小題1】（struggle）,substitute（替補(bǔ)）teacherwhosecallsintoworkhadbeenfew．Moneywastight,billsweredue【小題2】mywifeandIcouldn'tevenaffordtogetChristmasgiftsforeachother．TheonlygiftswecouldgetforourchildrenwereafewsofttoysthatIhadfound【小題3】（sell）athalfpriceinthesupermarket．IopenedthedoorandbroughtinthegiftsI【小題4】（hide）inouroldcar'strunk．ThenIhanded【小題5】tomysonanddaughter．Iwatchedwithasadsmileastheydidtheirbesttotearoffthewrapping(包裝）paper．Astheypulledouttheirtoys,though,Inoticedtheir【小題6】litupandtheyjumpedupanddown．Mydaughter【小題7】（happy）huggedhertoyandthenhuggedherMomandmeaswell．IlaughedasIwatchedmychildrenplaywiththeirtoys_【小題8】_hours,andThankedGodforthe．【小題9】_（great）bifilareverbeengiven．TilltodayIstilltreasure【小題10】giftofpurelovethatmysonanddaughtergavemethatday．點(diǎn)評(píng)：1，3，5，6，7，8，9，10考查詞匯的用法高頻考點(diǎn)二：考查句法學(xué)問(wèn)及規(guī)律關(guān)系【2022屆河北省衡水中學(xué)下學(xué)期二調(diào)】Whyispinkorpurpleacolorforgirlsandblueorbrownforboys?Theanswerdependslargely61culturalvaluesaswellaspersonalexperiences.TotheEgyptians,greenwasacolor62representedthehopeandjoyofspring,whileforMuslims,itmeansheaven.Redisasymbolofgoodluckinmanycultures.DuringtheSpringFestivalinChina,children63(give)moneyinaredenvelopetobringgoodfortuneintheNewYear.Formanynations,blueisasymbolofprotectionandreligiousbeliefs.Greekpeopleoftenwearabluenecklacehopingtoprotect64againstevils（災(zāi)禍）.People’s65(choose)ofcolorsisalsoinfluencedbytheirbodies’reactionstowardthem.Greenissaidtobe66mostrestfulcolor.Ithastheabilitytoreducepainandrelaxpeoplebothmentally67physically.People68(work)ingreenenvironmenthavebeenfoundtohavefewerstomachaches.Redcancauseaperson’sbloodpressuretoriseandincreasepeople’sappetites（食欲）.Manydecoratorswillincludedifferentshadesofredintherestaurant.Andmanycommercialwebsiteswillhaveared“BuyNow”buttonbecauseredisacolorthat69(easy)catchesaperson’seye.Blueisanothercalmingcolor.Unlikered,blueisbelievedtocausepeopletoloseappetite.So70youwanttoeatless,somesuggestthateatingfromblueplatescanhelp.點(diǎn)評(píng)：2，7，10考查句法中的連詞及規(guī)律關(guān)系【直擊高考】[2022·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix?In1969，thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Ohio.It__61__(be)unimaginablethatitcouldeverbecleanedup.Theriverwassopollutedthatit__62__(actual)caughtfireandburned.Now,yearslater,thisriverisoneof__63__mostoutstandingexamplesofenvironmentalclean-up.Buttheriverwasn'tchangedinafewdays__64__evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork__65__(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris__66__(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit__67__isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon'tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation，don'tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare__68__(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe__69__(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe__70__(patience).[2022·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout__61__(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,__62__someofthemlookedveryanxiousand__63__(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext__66__thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike__65__(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused__66__(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept__67__(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoodupandasked，“__68__anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop？”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Oh,dear!It's__69__(I)．”Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtookthesuitcasethankfully.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone,andthecrowdofstrangers__70__(sudden)becamefriendlytooneanother.[2022·遼寧卷]閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Jonny：Hey！I'mjustpractisingTaiChi(太極)．Wouldyouliketojoinme?Peter：Iknownothingaboutit.Isitdifficult?Jonny：Itseemseasy，butyouneedalotofpractice.Youjustfollowmelikethis.Peter：OK.Don'tlaugh__61__me.Imaylookfunny.Jonny：Bendyourkneesslightlyandreachoutyourarmsliketreebranches，naturallyand__62__(soft)．Trytokeepyourbodystraight.Moveslowly，thenbesuretokeepyourbalanceanddon'tletyourbodyshake.Peter：Icannotcontrolmybodywell.Mylegsbecome__63__(pain)．Jonny：Keep__64__(hold)yourpositionforawhile.Ithelpsdevelopyourstrengthandflexibility.Raiseyourlegandlet__65__stayintheairforseconds.Peter：Ifeelmylegsshaking.Icannotdothisanylonger.Jonny：Bepatient！TaiChi__66__(call)“shadowboxing”inEnglish.Itasksyoutoactlikewater：tobeflexibleaswell__67__strong.Inrealcompetition，aTaiChimasterborrowsthestrengthofthecompetitorandusesthisenergytofightback.The__68__(hard)youtrytobeathim，themorelikelyyouwillgethit.Hecontrolsyou!Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__youdon'tmind，I'llstopandtakeadeep__70__.【課后反饋】夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)：【2022屆河北省衡水中學(xué)下學(xué)期一調(diào)】閱讀下面短文，依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或使用括號(hào)中詞語(yǔ)的正確形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為61～70的相應(yīng)位置上。ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’dailylife.___61_theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop___62___(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp__63___ricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout___64__dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.Oneday,hecameupwithanidea__65___hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.Hewasverytired__66__doingthisforawholeday,__67__hefeltveryhappysincethecropdid"grow"__68__(high).Hissonheardaboutthisandwenttoseethecrop.Unfortunatelytheleavesofthecropbegantowither.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir__69__(nature)course.Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften__70__(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.力氣拓展：【2022屆河南開(kāi)封市沖刺卷】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。M:I'msorelieved.Ijustfinishedthestorylwasworkingonforourcreativewritingcourse.W:Ihaven'tfinishedmine61.Ihadtrouble62(get)pastthebeginning.M:Howcome?W:Iwasreallyhappytobewritingadetectivestory.Butafterthefirstfewpages,Ijust63writeanymore.M:Thesamething64(happen)tome.YoucantalktoMrsWilsonaboutit.W:Actually,1wenttoaskformoretimetofinishthewriting.Butinsteadshegavemesomegoodadvice.