高三英語基礎(chǔ)知識易錯點綜合清單

英語基礎(chǔ)知識I.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化1）加-s1.清輔音后讀/s/map-mapsbook-books2.濁輔音和元音后讀/z/bag-bagscar-cars3.ce,se,ze,(d)ge等結(jié)尾的詞加-s讀/iz/exercise-exercises4.以y結(jié)尾的專有名詞，或元音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，直接加-s變復(fù)數(shù)：twoMarystheHenrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays2）以s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾的詞加-es讀/iz/bus-buseswatch-watches3）以輔音字母+y變y為i結(jié)尾的詞再加es讀/z/baby---babies4）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時：a.少數(shù)加-sroof---roofs（房頂）belief---beliefscliff---cliffschief---chiefs（首長）proof---proofs（證據(jù)）gulf---gulfs(海灣)b.去f,fe加-veshalf---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveslife---livesthief---thieveswife---wivesc.均可handkerchief--handkerchiefs/handkerchievesnegro,hero,volcano,tomato,potato復(fù)數(shù)加esII.動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則1、直接在動詞后+s：like-likes play-plays2、以s,sh,ch,x接尾的動詞：+es wash-washes3、以輔音+o接尾的動詞：+es go-goes4、以輔音+y接尾的動詞：變y為i+es fly-fliesIII.現(xiàn)在進行時：表示說話時，正在進行的動作或事件。謂語結(jié)構(gòu)：be+動詞ing動詞-ing的構(gòu)成：1）在一般情況下，在動詞原形后直接加詞尾–ing。eg.do–doingcook–cooking2)在以e結(jié)尾的動詞后，去掉e，再加-ing。eg.come–cominglive–living重讀閉音節(jié)(末尾輔元輔字母，且重度)的動詞，要雙寫最后面的輔音字母,加–ing.eg.sit–sittingrun–running;forbid–forbiddingIV.形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則一般直接+lyrecent---recently特殊情況:1）輔音字母+e結(jié)尾，直接加lypolite---politelyimmediate---immediately元音字母+e結(jié)尾,去e+lytrue---trulydue---duly例外：unique---uniquely(獨特的)3)以y結(jié)尾，且發(fā)音【I】，變y為i+lyeasy---easilyangry---angrily4)以y結(jié)尾，且發(fā)音【a?】,直接加lydry---drylyshy---shyly5)以ic結(jié)尾，加allybasic--basicallyscientific---scientificallyenergetic--energeticallyeconomic---economically例外：public---publicly6)輔音字母+le結(jié)尾，去e加y:possible---possiblyterrible---terriblygentle---gentlysimple---simplyconsiderable---considerablyprobable---probably7)元音字母+le結(jié)尾，直接加ly：sole---solely例外：whole---wholly8)以ll結(jié)尾，只需加

y：dull---dullyfull---fullyIV.動詞過去式規(guī)則變化(1)一般情況下,動詞詞尾加ed,如:workedplayedwantedacted(2)以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的動詞,動詞詞尾加d,如:livedmoveddecideddeclinedhopedjudged(3)以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕再加ed,如:studiedtriedcopiedjustifiedcriedcarriedembodiedemptied(4)以一個輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加ed,如:stoppedbeggeddraggeddroppedplanneddotteddrippedtransferredreferredpreferredoccurredControlledV．動詞過去式、過去分詞不規(guī)則變化表英語不規(guī)則動詞表1.AAAcost[k?st] cost[k?st] cost[k?st] 花費cut[k?t] cut[k?t] cut[k?t] 割，切hurt[h?:t] hurt[h?:t] hurt[h?:t] 受傷hit[hit] hit[hit] hit[hit] 打，撞let[let] let[let] let[let] 讓put[put] put[put] put[put] 放下read[ri:d] read[red] read[red] 讀set[set] set[set] set[set] 安排，安置spread[spred] spread spread 展開，傳播spit[spit] spit/spat[sp?t] spit/spat 吐痰shut[??t] shut[??t] shut[??t] 關(guān)上,停止?fàn)I業(yè)2.AABbeat[bi:t] beat[bi:t] beaten['bi:tn] 打敗3.ABA become[bi'k?m] became[b?'ke?m] become 變come[k?m] came[ke?m] come[k?m] 來run[r?n] ran[r?n] run[r?n] 跑overcome overcame overcome 戰(zhàn)勝，克服4.ABB(1)AddingaConsonant'd','t',or'ed'burn:burnt/burned,burnt/burned(燃燒)bleed:bled,bled(流血)deal:dealt,dealt(解決)dream:dreamed/dreamt,dreamed/dreamt(做夢)hear:heard,heard(聽見)hang:hanged,hanged(絞死,上吊);hung,hung(懸掛)(differentmeanings)learn:learned/learnt,learned/learnt(學(xué)習(xí))light:lighted/lit,lighted/lit(點燃,照亮)mean:meant,meant(意思)shine:shone,shone(照耀，發(fā)光);shined,shined(磨光，擦亮)(differentmeanings)show:showed,showed/shown(展示)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)smell:smelled/smelt,smelled/smelt(聞,嗅)speed:sped/speeded,sped/speeded(加速)spell:spelled/spelt,spelled/spelt(拼寫)spin:spun,spun(紡紗)wake:waked/woke,waked/woken(醒來,叫醒)(bothformsarecorrect)(2)ChangingtheFinal'd'to't'build:built,built(建筑)lend:lent,lent(借給)send:sent,sent(送)spend:spent,spent(花費)ChangingtheSuffixto'ought'bring:brought,brought(帶來)buy:bought,bought(買)fight:fought,fought(打架)seek:sought,sought(尋找)think:thought,thought(思考)(4)ChangingtheSuffixto'aught'catch:caught,caught(捉,抓)teach:taught,taught(教)(5)ChangingOneVowelintheMiddledig:dug,dug(掘,挖)feed:fed,fed(喂)find:found,found(發(fā)現(xiàn)，找到)get:got,got/gotten(得到)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)hold:held,held(擁有，握住)lead:led,led(引導(dǎo),帶領(lǐng))meet:met,met(遇見)sink:sank,sunk/sunken(下沉)(bothformsarecorrect)sit:sat,sat(坐)shoot:shot,shot(射擊)stick:stuck,stuck(插進,粘住)win:won,won(贏)(6)AddingSuffix'lt/pt/ft'feel:felt,felt(感到)keep:kept,kept(保持)leave:left,left(離開)sleep:slept,slept(睡覺)sweep:swept,swept(掃)oversleep:overslept,overslept(睡過頭)(7)MiscellaneousChangeslay:laid,laid(下蛋,放置)pay:paid,paid(付)say:said,said(說)stand:stood,stood(站)understand:understood,understood(理解)lose:lost,lost(失去)have:had,had(有)make:made,made(制造)sell:sold,sold(賣)tell:told,told(告訴)retell:retold,retold(重復(fù))Category5:ABCPatternVerbs(1)Base→PastSimple→Base+(e)nblow:blew,blown(吹)drive:drove,driven(駕駛)draw:drew,drawn(畫畫)eat:ate,eaten(吃)fall:fell,fallen(落下)give:gave,given(給)grow:grew,grown(生長)forgive:forgave,forgiven(原諒)know:knew,known(知道)mistake:mistook,mistaken(弄錯)overeat:overate,overeaten(吃過量)prove:proved,proven/proved(證明)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)take:took,taken(拿)throw:threw,thrown(拋)ride:rode,ridden(騎)see:saw,seen(看見)strike:struck,struck/stricken(罷工撞擊)(bothpastparticiplesarecorrect)write:wrote,written(寫)shake:shook,shaken(搖動,震動)rise:rose,risen(上升)(2)Base→PastSimple→PastSimple+(e)nbreak:broke,broken(打破)choose:chose,chosen(選擇)hide:hid,hidden(隱藏)forget:forgot,forgotten(忘記)freeze:froze,frozen(冷凍)speak:spoke,spoken(說)steal:stole,stolen(偷)(3)'i'Changesto'a'inPastSimpleand'u'inPastParticiplebegin:began,begun(開始)drink:drank,drunk(喝)sing:sang,sung(唱)swim:swam,swum(游泳)ring:rang,rung(打電話)(4)Miscellaneousbe(am,is,are):was/were,been(是)bear:bore,born/borne(忍受)do:did,done(做)fly:flew,flown(飛)go:went,gone(去)lie:lay,lain(躺)lay:laid,laid(孵蛋，產(chǎn)卵)wear:wore,worn(穿)CommonMistakesadmit:admitted,admitted,admittingban:banned,banned,banningbeg:begged,begged,beggingcancel:cancelled,cancelled,cancellingchat:chatted,chatted,chattingclap:clapped,clapped,clappingcommit:committed,committed,committingcut:cut,cut,cuttingdip:dipped,dipped,dippingdrop:dropped,dropped,droppingequip:equipped,equipped,equippingfit:fitted,fitted,fittingjog:jogged,jogged,joggingmop:mopped,mopped,moppingnod:nodded,nodded,noddingpanic:panicked,panicked,panickingpermit:permitted,permitted,permittingplan:planned,planned,planningplot:plotted,plotted,plottingprefer:preferred,preferred,preferringput:put,put,puttingquit:quit,quit,quittingrefer:referred,referred,referringregret:regretted,regretted,regrettingrid:ri