2022高考英語長沙市閱讀理解(含信息匹配)(8)及答案

【2021界虹口區(qū)質(zhì)量監(jiān)控測試題】SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.basedB.scheduleC.individualD.determinedE.achievingF.ambitiousG.successH.studyingI.marvelJ.smarterTheSecretofSuccessThesecretofsuccessisthatthereisnosecret.Somepeoplesucceedbecausetheyarejust__41__thanotherpeople.Somepeoplesucceedbecausetheyjustworkharderthanotherpeople.Andsomepeoplesucceedbecausetheyarejustplainlucky.MaDonghanisastudentatTsinghuaUniversitywhois__42__tobesuccessfulandshe’snotgoingtoleaveittoluck.Maisobviouslysmartbecauseshe’sastudentatthebestuniversityinChina,butherplanforsuccessis__43__ontheoldfashionvalueofhardwork.Everyhourofeverydayisaccountedfor.Thereisherclassroom__44__,ofcourse,butthenblocksoftimearesetasidefor__45__eachsubjectandalsoforafewactivitieslikeplayingsports.Therearenohourssetasideforjustrelaxingandthereareonlyfivehoursallotted(支配)eachnightforsleeping.Shehassetavery__46__,almostpunishingscheduleforherself,butitseemstobeworking.Otherstudents__47__atMa’sdiligenceanddisciplinebutdoubtthattheycouldachievethesamelevelofsuccess.Perhapsnot,butMaisobviouslyauniqueandspecial__48__.Shehassethighgoals,madeaplantoachievethosegoals,andworkedhardtokeeptoherplan.ThisiswhatotherstudentscanlearnfromMa.Inschool,asinlife,__49__isneverguaranteedandnoteveryonewillfindhimorherselfatthetopofthepyramid.Theimportantthingtorememberisthathavingaplanandworkinghardtostaywiththeplanwillbringyoualevelofsuccessthatjustbeingsmartandluckycannot.【參考答案】41-49:JDABHFICG【2021上海市崇明縣一?！縎ectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.matchesB.accurateC.emotionsD.informsE.difficultiesF.interestedG.promisesH.applicationsI.negativeJ.monitorsGoingonadatecanbeafearfulexperienceformostofus.Butnowapairof“socialX-Ray”glasses41totellyouexactlywhattheotherpersonisthinking—andwhenyoushouldstoptalking.Theglasseshaveacamerathesizeofagrainofricewhichisputintotheglasses’frameandconnectedwithawiretoasmallcomputerwhichcanbeattachedtotheuser’sbody.Thecamera__42theotherperson’sfacialexpressionsand43themupwith24knownfeatureswhichconvey44.Howlongandhowoften24“featurepoints”appearonthesubject’sfacearethenanalyzedbysoftwaredevelopedbyateamofMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).Thisdataisthencomparedwithabankofexpressionsandthecomputertellsthewearerthroughanearpiece(耳機)andlightsontheglasseswhattheirdateisthinking.Inatrafficlight-stylesystem,aredlightmeans45,yellowmeanstheyarealittle46andgreenmeansyourdateishappy.TheglassesarecurrentlyunderdevelopmentbyresearchersatMIT’sMediaLab.Theysaythatwearingthemduringaconversationwithanotherpersonislikehavingan“extrasense”.Theglassesweredevelopedforpeoplesufferingfromautism(自閉癥)whohavegenuine47__interactingwithothers,butnowtheteambehindithasseenwider48.Sofartheglassesarestillaworkinprogressandhavebeen49just64percentofthetime,afigurewhichisexpectedtoimprovewithfurthertests.【參考答案】41.G 42.J 43.A 44.C 45.I 46.F 47.E 48.H 49.B閱讀理解。HewasanoldmanwhofishedaloneinaboatintheGulfStreamandhehadgoneeighty-fourdaysnowwithouttakingafish.Inthefirstfortydaysaboyhadbeenwithhim.Butafterfortydayswithoutafishtheboy’sparentshadtoldhimthattheoldmanwasnowdefinitelyandfinallysalao,whichistheworstformofunlucky,andtheboyhadgoneattheirordersinanotherboatwhichcaughtthreegoodfishthefirstweek.Itmadetheboysadtoseetheoldmancomeineachdaywithhisskiffemptyandhealwayswentdowntohelphimcarryeitherthecoiledlinesorthegaff(魚鉤)andharpoon(魚叉)andthesailthatwasfurledaroundthemast(桅桿).Thesailwaspatchedwithfloursacksand,furled,itlookedliketheflagofpermanentdefeat.Theoldmanwasthinandgauntwithdeepwrinklesinthebackofhisneck.Thebrownblotches（斑點）oftheskincancerthesunbringsfromitsreflectiononthetropicseawereonhischeeks.Theblotchesranwelldownthesidesofhisfaceandhishandshadthedeep-creasedscarsfromhandlingheavyfishonthecords.Butnoneofthesescarswerefresh.Theywereasoldaserosionsinafishlessdesert.Everythingabouthimwasoldexcepthiseyesandtheywerethesamecolorastheseaandwerecheerfulandundefeated.“Santiago,”theboysaidtohimastheyclimbedthebankfromwheretheskiffwaspulledup.“Icouldgowithyouagain.We’vemadesomemoney.”Theoldmanhadtaughttheboytofishandtheboylovedhim.“No,”theoldmansaid.“You’rewithaluckyboat.Staywiththem.”“Butrememberhowyouwenteighty-sevendayswithoutfishandthenwecaughtbigoneseverydayforthreeweeks.”“Iremember,”theoldmansaid.“Iknowyoudidnotleavemebecauseyoudoubted.”“Itwaspapawhomademeleave.IamaboyandImustobeyhim.”“Iknow,”theoldmansaid.“Itisquitenormal.”“Hehasn’tmuchfaith.”“No,”theoldmansaid.“Butwehave.Haven’twe?”“Yes,”theboysaid.“CanIofferyouabeerontheTerraceandthenwe’lltakethestuffhome.”“Whynot?”theoldmansaid.“Betweenfishermen.”1.Theboylefttheoldmanandwentinanotherboattofishbecause.A.theoldmanpreferredtofishaloneB.theoldmanwasunluckyC.theboy’sparentsorderedhimtoD.theoldman’ssailsuggestedapermanentdefeat2.Afterreadingthispassage,wemaysafelyconcludethat.A.theoldmanwasinsistentandnotafraidoffailure[B.theboy’spapahadconfidenceineverythingC.theoldmancaughtbigfishesduringeighty-sevendaysD.theboyobeyedhisfatherbecausehehadsomedoubtsabouttheoldman3.Whatmighthappenafterthelastparagraph?A.Theoldmanandtheboymightgotofishwithotherfishermen.B.Theoldmanmightgotohaveadrinkwiththeboy.C.Theoldmanandtheboymightgotoenjoybeerattheoldman’shome.D.Theoldmanmightgototelltheboy’spapaaboutthesecretsbetweenfishermen.閱讀理解。Recentlytherewasamajordiscoveryinthescientificresearch—themappingofallDNAinahumangene（基因）iscomplete.Coupleofyearsago,thisseemsanimpossibletaskforscientisttoaccomplish.Allthisprogressinscienceleadsustobelievethattheday,whenthehumanbeingwillbecloned,isnotfaraway.Humancloninghasalwaysbeenatopicofargument，intermsofmoralityorreligion.Takingalookatwhycloningmightbebeneficial,amongmanycases,itisarguablethatparentswhoareknowntobeatriskofpassingageneticlimitationtoachildcouldmakeuseofcloning.Iftheclonewasfreeofgeneticlimitations.Thentheotherclonewouldbeaswell.Thelattercouldfoeinsertedinthewomanandallowedtoripentoterm.Moreover，cloningwouldenablewomen,whocan’tgetpregnant,tohavechildrenoftheirown.Cloninghumanswouldalsomeanthatorganscouldbecloned,soitwouldbeasourceofperfecttransferorgans.This,surelywouldbegreatlybeneficialtomillionsofunfortunatepeoplearoundtheworldthatareexpectedtolosetheirlivesduetofailureofsingle(ormore)organ(s）.Itisalsoarguablethatabanoncloningmaybeunlawfulandwouldrobpeopleoftherighttoreproduceandlimitthefreedomofscientists.Argumentsagainstcloningarealsoonaperfectlypracticalside.Primarily,Ibelievethatcloningwouldstepinthenormal“cycle”oflife.Therewouldbealargenumberofsamegenes.,whichreducethechancesofimprovement，and,inturn,development-thefundamentalreasonhowlivingthingsnaturallyadapttotheever-changingenvironment.Lifeprocessesfailingtodosomightresultinuntimelydisappearance.Furthermore,cloningwouldmaketheuniquenessthateachoneofuspossessesdisappea.Thus,leadingtocreationofgeneticallyengineeredgroupsofpeopleforspecificpurposesand,chancesare,thatthoseindividualswouldberegardedas“objects”ratherthanpeopleinthesociety.Scientistshaven’t100percent.guaranteedthatthefirstclonedwillbenormal.Thusthiscouldresultinintroductionofadditionallimitationsinthehuman“gene-pool”.Regardingsucharguabletopicsin“blackorwhite”approachseemsveryinnocenttomepersonally.Weshouldrathertrytolookatall“shades:ofit.Ibelievethatcloningisonlylegalifitspurposeisforcloningorgans,nothumans.Thenwecouldregardthisasfor“savinglife”insteadof“creatinglife”.Ibelievecloninghumansismorallyandsociallyunacceptable.9. Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage？ A.Geneticlimitationwillbebeneficialforsomewomen B.Alargenumberofgeneswillpreventusfromdeveloping C.Prohibitionofcloningmightlimitthefreedomofscientists D.Firstclonedhumansmightbenormalaccordingtoscientists10. What’stheauthor’sopiniononcloning? A.Cloningshouldbeentirelybanned B.Cloningshouldbeusedincreatinglife C.Cloningwilltakeawaytherighttoreproduce D.Cloningisacceptableifitisusedforcloningorgans11. Wherecanyoureadthisarticle? A.Inastorybook. B.Inamagazine.C.InasciencefictionD.Inabrochure12. Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage【參考答案】9—12、CDBAD“Luckisamatterofpreparationmeetingopportunity,”saidtheAmericantalkshowhostOprahWinfrey.I’veneverwatchedhershow,butwhenaself-madebillionairegiveslifeadviceit’sprobablyworthlisteningto.Herpointisthatblindluckisveryrare.Youmayhavetobeluckytofindagoodjobthesedaysbutthatdoesnotmeanyoushouldsitathomewaitingfortheopportunitytocometoyou.Ifyou’reaChinese,youmayalreadybefamiliarwiththetaleofafarmerwaitingbyatreestump(樹樁)forarabbittorunoutandbreakitsneck.AbookbytheUKpsychologistRichardWiseman,calledTheLuckFactor,argueswecanallmakeourselvesluckier.It’snotaboutgoingtoatempletoburnsomeincense(香)hopesthatthegodswillgiveyougoodfortune;it’spracticaladviceyoucanfolloweachday.Wisemanconductedanexperimentaspartofhisstudies.Firsthedividedvolunteersintotwogroups;thosewhosaidtheywereluckyinlifeandthosewhosaidtheywerenot.Hegaveeveryoneanewspaperandaskedthemtolookthroughittocounthowmanyphotographsithadinside.Onaverage,theunluckypeopletookabouttwominutestocountthephotographswhiletheluckypeopletookjustseconds.Why?Onthesecondpageofthenewspaper,acommand,“Stopcounting.Thereare43photographsinthisnewspaper,”waswritteninbigletters.Theunluckypeoplemostlydidnotspotthemessage.It’seasytocomparethissituationtoayoungpersonlookingforjobsinalocalpaper.Theymightsearchsohardforonetypeofpositionthattheymissanevenbetteropportunity.Peoplewhoare“l(fā)ucky”,infact,keepanopenmindanddon’tgothroughthesameroutineeveryday.IfirstcametoChinain2002whenitwasconsideredaratherstrangethingtodo.Likemanyforeigners,myplanwastoteachEnglishforoneyear.Sevenyearslater,andstillhere,I’vehadmanygreatopportunitiessuchaswritingfornewspapersandmagazines.Ididnotdreamthesewouldhavebeenpossible.I’vealsoneverbeensick,hadanaccident,gotintoafightorhadproblemswiththepolice.Coincidence?AfterreadingaboutProfessorWiseman’sstudiesIthinknot.AsWisemanadvises,Iusuallytrustmyownjudgment.Yourfriendsandparentsmaygiveyouadvicebasedonrationalthinking,butit’simportanttoconsiderhowyoufeelabouteachchoiceyoumake.Yourfeelingactsasawarningforapotentialproblem.Finally,trytoturnbadluckintogood.Evenifyoudofalldownandbreakaleg,thetimespentathomecanbeusedwiselytostudyEnglish.13.Whichofthefollowingproverbsmostagreeswiththewriter’spoint?A.Makethebestofabadjob.B.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.C.Allisnotgoldthatglitters.D.Agoodheartconquersillfortune.14.WhatdoyouknowaboutOprahWinfrey?A.Shebecamefamousthroughherfamilybackground.B.SheisaBritishtalkshowhost.C.Shebecamesuccessfulbyherowneffort.D.Shewasveryluckyandseldomsufferedsetbacksinherlife.15.ThewriterquotedtheChinesetaleofafarmerinordertoshow__________.A.mancanconquernatureB.luckisinyourownhandC.badluckcanturnintogoodD.youshouldnotsitathomewaitingfortheopportunitytocometoyou【參考答案】13—15、ACD【四川省綿陽市2022高考英語一模試題】

What'syourearliestchildhoodmemory?Canyourememberthefirsttimeyouheardthunderorwatchedatelevisionprogram?Adultsseldomrecalleventsmuchearlierthantheyearorsobeforeenteringschool,justaschildrenyoungerthanthreeorfourrarelyretainanymemoryofspecific,personalexperiences.

Avarietyofexplanationshavebeenproposedbypsychologistsforthis"childhoodamnesia"(記憶缺失,健忘).Onearguesthatthehippocampus,theregionofthebrainwhichisresponsibleforformingmemories,doesnotmature（成熟）untilabouttheageoftwo.Butthemostpopulartheorymaintains(主見）that,sinceadultsdonotthinklikechildren,theycannotaccesschildhoodmemories.Adultsthinkinwords,andtheirlifememoriesarelikestories.Butwhentheysearchthroughtheirmentalfilesforearlychildhoodmemoriestoaddtothisverballifestory,theydon'tfindanythatfitthepattern.It'sliketryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary.

NowpsychologistAnnetteSimmsoffersanewexplanationforchildhoodamnesia.Shearguesthattheresimplyaren'tanyearlychildhoodmemoriestorecall.AccordingtoDr.Simms,childrenneedtolearntousesomeoneelse'sspokendescriptionoftheirpersonalexperiencesinordertoturntheirownshort-term,quicklyforgottenimpressionsoftheseexperiencesintolong-termmemories.Inotherwords,childrenhavetotalkabouttheirexperiencesandhearotherstalkaboutthem-Mothertalkingabouttheafternoonspentlookingforcrabs(蟹)atthebeachorDadaskingthemabouttheirdayatOceanPark.Withoutthisverbalreinforcement,saysDr.Simms,childrencannotformpermanentmemoriesoftheirpersonalexperiences.

69.Accordingtothepassage,itiswidelybelievedthat_________.

A.itisimpossibleforanadulttorecallhis(orher)childhoodexperiences

B.adultsvirtuallyhavenoaccesstotheirchildhoodmemories

C.adultsthinkinwordswhilechildrenthinkinimages

D.adultsandchildrenhavedifferentbrainstructures

70."TryingtofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary"isstatedinthepassagetoshowthat_______.

A.ChineseandEnglisharetotallydifferentlanguages

B.itisunlikelytofindaChinesewordinanEnglishdictionary

C.adultsandchildrenhavedifferentmemorypatterns

D.memoriesareinsomewayconnectedwithlanguages

71.AccordingtoAnnetteSimms,_______________.

A.verbalreinforcementisnecessaryforchildrentohavepermanentmemories

B.theredoesnotexistsuchthingsaschildhoodmemories

C.children'sbrainsarematureenoughtoformpermanentmemories

D.childrenaregenerallyinexperiencedandunabletorememberthingstheydon'tunderstand

【參考答案】69—71、BCA【四川省綿陽市2022高考英語一模試題】

AcenturyagointheUnitedStates,whenanindividualbroughtsuitagainstacompany,publicopiniontendedtoprotectthatcompany.Butperhapsthisphenomenonwasmoststrikinginthecaseoftherailroads.Nearlyhalfofallnegligencecasesdecidedthrough1896involvedrailroads.Andtherailroadsusuallywon.

Mostofthecasesweredecidedinsatecourts,whentherailroadshadtheclimateofthetimesontheirsides.Governmentsupportedtherailroadindustry;theprogressrailroadsrepresentedwasnottobesloweddownbyrequiringthemoftentopaydamagestothoseunluckyenoughtobehurtworkingforthem.

Courtdecisionsalwayswentagainstrailroadworkers.AMr.Farwell,anengineer,losthisrighthandwhenaswitchman'snegligenceranhisengineoffthetrack.ThecourtreasonedthatsinceFarwellhadtakenthejobofanengineervoluntarilyatgoodpay,hehadacceptedtherisk.