海南省傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布及影響因素研究

海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布及影響因素研究目錄TOC\o"1-3"\h\u1引言 12研究區(qū)與研究方法 22.1研究區(qū) 22.2研究方法 22.2.1文獻(xiàn)分析法 22.2.2數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法 22.2.3核密度分析方法 23結(jié)果與分析 33.1海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布特征 33.1.1數(shù)量變化 33.1.2空間特征 33.1.3類(lèi)型劃分 43.2海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布的影響因素 73.2.1自然因素 73.2.2經(jīng)濟(jì)因素 83.2.3旅游因素 93.2.4政策因素 103.2.5人口因素 114結(jié)論與建議 124.1結(jié)論 124.2建議 12參考文獻(xiàn) 145292致謝 16

摘要：傳統(tǒng)村落是指在歷史上形成并保留了較為完整的傳統(tǒng)建筑風(fēng)貌、民俗風(fēng)情和社會(huì)文化特征的鄉(xiāng)村聚落，研究傳統(tǒng)村落的空間分布特征和影響因素對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)利用與可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有重要的意義。本文以海南島為例，采用數(shù)據(jù)文獻(xiàn)資料及核密度分析等方法，探究海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布特征、劃分傳統(tǒng)村落類(lèi)型，分析自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、政策法規(guī)和人口變遷等對(duì)海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布的影響，針對(duì)性提出對(duì)策建議，為海南島傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)與合理開(kāi)發(fā)利用提供實(shí)踐參考。關(guān)鍵詞:傳統(tǒng)村落；空間分布；影響因素；保護(hù)利用1引言傳統(tǒng)村落是擁有物質(zhì)和非物質(zhì)形態(tài)文化遺產(chǎn)且具有較高歷史、文化、科學(xué)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)價(jià)值的村落ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"N2kNVN1p","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[1]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[1]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1812,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/3DYVXU5E"],"itemData":{"id":1812,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"鄉(xiāng)村振興過(guò)程中，全面系統(tǒng)地認(rèn)知傳統(tǒng)村落活態(tài)化價(jià)值，對(duì)其進(jìn)行客觀有效地評(píng)估，具有重要的社會(huì)現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。面對(duì)類(lèi)型多樣且動(dòng)態(tài)演化的傳統(tǒng)村落，傳統(tǒng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的評(píng)價(jià)體系已難以適應(yīng)不斷變化的發(fā)展現(xiàn)實(shí)，因此構(gòu)建一個(gè)更具彈性的評(píng)估模型是目前亟待解決的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)問(wèn)題。論文從功能空間、景觀意象和人文精神3個(gè)邏輯層面重新認(rèn)知活態(tài)化價(jià)值的構(gòu)成、關(guān)聯(lián)及特征，據(jù)此構(gòu)建出包括資源價(jià)值、要素延續(xù)、活化條件、功能適應(yīng)、活化影響、發(fā)展?jié)撃艿亩嗑S評(píng)估框架，形成由3種類(lèi)型和50項(xiàng)指標(biāo)所構(gòu)成的彈性評(píng)估模型，并以陜北地區(qū)54個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)傳統(tǒng)村落為案例進(jìn)行模型驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明：(1)傳統(tǒng)村落活態(tài)化價(jià)值具有多元性、交融性、動(dòng)態(tài)性、脆弱性和適應(yīng)性5個(gè)顯著特征；(2)維度分析，運(yùn)用多維彈性評(píng)估模型對(duì)傳統(tǒng)村落展開(kāi)評(píng)價(jià)，評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果基本符合陜北地區(qū)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，且在不同評(píng)價(jià)維度上呈現(xiàn)出明顯的結(jié)果差異，突顯了不同類(lèi)型傳統(tǒng)村落的自身價(jià)值特征；(3)綜合分析，陜北地區(qū)54個(gè)國(guó)家級(jí)傳統(tǒng)村落活態(tài)化價(jià)值水平分值處于42.42～83.60區(qū)間內(nèi)，平均為62.55分，活態(tài)化價(jià)值較高及以上的傳統(tǒng)村落占比為39%左右，活態(tài)化價(jià)值一般及以下的傳統(tǒng)村落占比61%左右，由此可見(jiàn)，陜北地區(qū)仍存在很多傳統(tǒng)村落活態(tài)化價(jià)值發(fā)展水平不足的問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)村落活態(tài)化價(jià)值多維彈性評(píng)估模型兼具普適性和典型性的特點(diǎn)，適用于類(lèi)型多樣的傳統(tǒng)村落，適應(yīng)現(xiàn)階段鄉(xiāng)村振興和遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的現(xiàn)實(shí)需求。研究通過(guò)探索從單維靜態(tài)評(píng)價(jià)向多維動(dòng)態(tài)評(píng)估的技術(shù)提升，可進(jìn)一步豐富和推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)村落價(jià)值評(píng)估的理論研究和社會(huì)實(shí)踐。","container-title":"地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展","ISSN":"1007-6301","issue":"4","language":"中文;","note":"2citations(CNKI)[2023-9-18]<北大核心,CSSCI,CSCD,AMI>","page":"701-715","source":"CNKI","title":"傳統(tǒng)村落活態(tài)化價(jià)值認(rèn)知與多維彈性評(píng)估模型研究——基于陜北地區(qū)案例實(shí)證","volume":"42","author":[{"family":"魏","given":"峰群"},{"family":"馬","given":"文碩"},{"family":"楊","given":"蕾潔"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1-2]和應(yīng)予以重視與保護(hù)的獨(dú)特鄉(xiāng)村地域單元ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"cnAY9Dvv","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[3,2]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[3,2]","dontUpdate":true,"noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1806,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/SIH4K5X2"],"itemData":{"id":1806,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"傳統(tǒng)村落是特殊的鄉(xiāng)村地域單元，更是實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕目標(biāo)的薄弱之地，如何促進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)村落實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕成為當(dāng)前亟需解決的科學(xué)問(wèn)題。運(yùn)用參與式觀察、深度訪談及文本分析等研究方法，借鑒催化反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)原理與城市催化劑理論，結(jié)合旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)型傳統(tǒng)村落發(fā)展現(xiàn)實(shí)背景，構(gòu)建了旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)型傳統(tǒng)村落共同富裕催化機(jī)制，并以湖南省板梁村為例，探究了旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)型傳統(tǒng)村落共同富裕發(fā)展路徑。研究顯示：（1）將旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)型傳統(tǒng)村落人居環(huán)境系統(tǒng)視為催化載體，構(gòu)建了旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)型傳統(tǒng)村落“要素注入—載體吸附—效能釋放”共同富裕催化機(jī)制。（2）載體通過(guò)吸附活性要素形成催化劑并釋放環(huán)境清潔衛(wèi)生與生態(tài)旅游持續(xù)、空間規(guī)劃綜合布局與空間聯(lián)動(dòng)多功能化、傳統(tǒng)文化創(chuàng)造性轉(zhuǎn)化與創(chuàng)新性發(fā)展、關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)織補(bǔ)與利益權(quán)力協(xié)調(diào)等催化效能，促進(jìn)板梁村達(dá)成生態(tài)持續(xù)、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、文化傳承、社會(huì)和諧與制度完善五維度目標(biāo)，從而逐步實(shí)現(xiàn)共同富裕。研究充實(shí)了共同富裕的基本邏輯與發(fā)展路徑，試圖為中國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)提供參考，具有一定的理論和實(shí)踐意義。","container-title":"自然資源學(xué)報(bào)","ISSN":"1000-3037","issue":"2","language":"中文;","note":"2citations(CNKI)[2023-9-18]<北大核心,CSSCI,CSCD,AMI>","page":"357-374","source":"CNKI","title":"催化視角下旅游驅(qū)動(dòng)型傳統(tǒng)村落共同富裕的機(jī)制與路徑研究——以湖南省板梁村為例","volume":"38","author":[{"family":"楊","given":"馥端"},{"family":"竇","given":"銀娣"},{"family":"易","given":"韻"},{"family":"劉","given":"興月"},{"family":"李","given":"伯華"},{"family":"劉","given":"沛林"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}},"label":"page"},{"id":1818,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/NZ38JEEN"],"itemData":{"id":1818,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"鄉(xiāng)村振興的關(guān)鍵是產(chǎn)業(yè)振興。在綠色、低碳、可持續(xù)發(fā)展要求下發(fā)展鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)是鄉(xiāng)村振興的重要路徑。實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村旅游高質(zhì)量發(fā)展，需要遵從制度、現(xiàn)實(shí)和實(shí)踐三重邏輯，其總體邏輯是要實(shí)現(xiàn)綠色低碳的生態(tài)基底、創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)的智慧轉(zhuǎn)型、精神傳承的文化賦能、融合發(fā)展的產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)化，其發(fā)展瓶頸是產(chǎn)業(yè)要素難以向鄉(xiāng)村流動(dòng)和聚集，其取勝之道在于必須從產(chǎn)業(yè)要素集聚、產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展特色、產(chǎn)品創(chuàng)新、資源有效利用、綠色發(fā)展、科技賦能、制度創(chuàng)新、人才培養(yǎng)、地方綜合主體重構(gòu)等方面著手，進(jìn)行當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)村地域主體再認(rèn)識(shí)和鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展地方綜合主體內(nèi)涵再建構(gòu)，實(shí)現(xiàn)鄉(xiāng)村旅游發(fā)展要素的新組合，打造富有地方感、獨(dú)特性和生命力的鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)品，推進(jìn)鄉(xiāng)村旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)高質(zhì)量發(fā)展。","container-title":"旅游導(dǎo)刊","ISSN":"2096-3238","issue":"3","language":"中文;","page":"1-22","source":"CNKI","title":"鄉(xiāng)村振興視域下鄉(xiāng)村旅游高質(zhì)量發(fā)展的理論邏輯與戰(zhàn)略路徑","volume":"7","author":[{"family":"劉","given":"沛林"},{"family":"葉","given":"芳羽"},{"family":"劉","given":"瑞瑞"},{"family":"李","given":"伯華"},{"family":"李","given":"倩"},{"family":"陸","given":"林"},{"family":"鄒","given":"小丹"},{"family":"郭","given":"文"},{"family":"蔡","given":"曉梅"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2023"]]}},"label":"page"}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[3-4]。傳統(tǒng)村落具有現(xiàn)存?zhèn)鹘y(tǒng)建筑風(fēng)貌完整、村落選址和格局保持傳統(tǒng)特色、非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)活態(tài)傳承等豐富的文化內(nèi)涵和深厚的文化底蘊(yùn)ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"cFObueOR","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[5]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[5]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1835,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/9AL3RGN7"],"itemData":{"id":1835,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"保護(hù)發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)村落是新時(shí)期我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)重要舉措。落實(shí)這一舉措的基本前提,是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)村落的概念和文化內(nèi)涵的清晰認(rèn)識(shí)和正確把握。深入解析了傳統(tǒng)村落的特質(zhì),對(duì)其概念界定、文化內(nèi)涵、構(gòu)成要素、與其他村落異同、特殊空間結(jié)構(gòu)與空間形態(tài)、固有屬性特征等,做了詳細(xì)分析和闡述,以期在實(shí)踐中確定科學(xué)合理的思路,采取針對(duì)性保護(hù)方法和保護(hù)措施,實(shí)現(xiàn)傳承農(nóng)耕文明和經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展并舉兼得。","container-title":"城市發(fā)展研究","ISSN":"1006-3862","issue":"1","language":"中文;","note":"908citations(CNKI)[2023-9-21]<北大核心,CSSCI>","page":"10-13","source":"CNKI","title":"傳統(tǒng)村落的概念和文化內(nèi)涵","volume":"21","author":[{"family":"胡","given":"燕"},{"family":"陳","given":"晟"},{"family":"曹","given":"瑋"},{"family":"曹","given":"昌智"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[5-6]。傳統(tǒng)村落以其明顯的文化地方特色而備受關(guān)注，具有重要的科學(xué)研究?jī)r(jià)值、歷史文化價(jià)值、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和科學(xué)藝術(shù)價(jià)值。但是，在政策和市場(chǎng)的雙重驅(qū)動(dòng)下，傳統(tǒng)村落發(fā)展過(guò)程中缺乏科學(xué)引導(dǎo)，“重開(kāi)發(fā)、輕保護(hù)”引發(fā)的“建設(shè)性破壞”和“破壞性建設(shè)”抹殺了文化的歷史價(jià)值，帶來(lái)趨同化、破碎化、邊緣化、商業(yè)化等一系列問(wèn)題，加速了傳統(tǒng)文化景觀的消亡和地域特色的弱化ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"xxWsh6O3","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[23]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[23]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1885,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/YW932L3T"],"itemData":{"id":1885,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村地域文化景觀既是歷代勞動(dòng)人民的智慧結(jié)晶,也是傳承地域文化的物質(zhì)載體,具有重要的歷史、文化和科研價(jià)值。隨著對(duì)景觀文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)由局部點(diǎn)狀斑塊向區(qū)域性文脈整體保護(hù)認(rèn)識(shí)的轉(zhuǎn)變,相關(guān)研究日益受到國(guó)內(nèi)外更多學(xué)者的關(guān)注。本文從傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村地域文化景觀概念與內(nèi)涵闡釋入手,對(duì)近20年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行了總結(jié),認(rèn)為目前的研究主要集中在鄉(xiāng)村地域文化景觀的特征、景觀的變化、景觀的保護(hù)三大方面,其中,在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)的沖擊下鄉(xiāng)村地域文化景觀的變化及相應(yīng)的保護(hù)調(diào)控措施是學(xué)者們研究的重點(diǎn);學(xué)者們運(yùn)用歷史學(xué)、地理學(xué)、建筑學(xué)、景觀生態(tài)學(xué)理論與方法,形成了多學(xué)科參與研究的良好局面,但是在研究的內(nèi)容和深度方面還有待于進(jìn)一步深入。","container-title":"地理科學(xué)進(jìn)展","ISSN":"1007-6301","issue":"6","language":"中文;","note":"314citations(CNKI)[2023-9-23]<北大核心>","page":"90-96","source":"CNKI","title":"傳統(tǒng)鄉(xiāng)村地域文化景觀研究進(jìn)展","author":[{"family":"孫","given":"藝惠"},{"family":"陳","given":"田"},{"family":"王","given":"云才"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[7-8]。因此，傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)既要解決鄉(xiāng)村共性的“鄉(xiāng)村病”，又要解決村莊特色消失、傳統(tǒng)文化邊緣化、“原真性保護(hù)”與“現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展”沖突等難題。為保護(hù)和傳承歷史文化遺產(chǎn)、延續(xù)民族獨(dú)特文化傳統(tǒng)、保持農(nóng)村特色和提升農(nóng)村魅力，住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部聯(lián)合文化部、財(cái)政部出臺(tái)了《關(guān)于加強(qiáng)傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)發(fā)展工作的指導(dǎo)意見(jiàn)》ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"H5vYJcCX","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[17]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[17]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1849,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/XQNAFZ3J"],"itemData":{"id":1849,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展是鄉(xiāng)村地域系統(tǒng)循環(huán)累積與動(dòng)態(tài)演化的結(jié)果,全面梳理鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展歷史脈絡(luò)與地域分異格局,對(duì)于科學(xué)推動(dòng)新時(shí)代鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略落實(shí)具有重要意義?；谌说仃P(guān)系地域系統(tǒng)理論和人地系統(tǒng)科學(xué)認(rèn)知,本文解析了1978—2050年中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展演化進(jìn)程,探討了鄉(xiāng)村轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展與鄉(xiāng)村振興的內(nèi)在邏輯,揭示了中國(guó)縣域鄉(xiāng)村振興水平的空間格局,進(jìn)而提出了新時(shí)代鄉(xiāng)村振興的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題及其路徑對(duì)策。研究表明:(1)中國(guó)1978—2050年的鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展可劃分為解決溫飽、小康建設(shè)和實(shí)現(xiàn)富裕三個(gè)主要階段,是一個(gè)由低水平、基礎(chǔ)型向高質(zhì)量、創(chuàng)新型不斷發(fā)展的過(guò)程;(2)鄉(xiāng)村振興本質(zhì)上是鄉(xiāng)村轉(zhuǎn)型發(fā)展的一個(gè)特殊階段,是鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展演化到一定階段后,為解決其面臨的突出問(wèn)題以向更高層次邁進(jìn)的戰(zhàn)略選擇;(3)2017年中國(guó)57.3%的縣域鄉(xiāng)村振興綜合水平介于0.40～0.50之間,在空間上呈現(xiàn)出明顯的東中西地域分異,并具有顯著的聚集特征和正相關(guān)性;(4)新時(shí)代鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的落實(shí)重在科學(xué)識(shí)別鄉(xiāng)村振興的瞄準(zhǔn)區(qū)域,綜合研判鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展演化的趨勢(shì),系統(tǒng)診斷鄉(xiāng)村地域類(lèi)型的主導(dǎo)制約因素,全面認(rèn)知城鄉(xiāng)耦合互動(dòng)的邏輯關(guān)系,進(jìn)而采取針對(duì)性措施推進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化。","container-title":"地理學(xué)報(bào)","ISSN":"0375-5444","issue":"6","language":"中文;","note":"139citations(CNKI)[2023-9-22]<北大核心,CSSCI,EI,CSCD,AMI>","page":"1408-1421","source":"CNKI","title":"中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展進(jìn)程與鄉(xiāng)村振興路徑","volume":"76","author":[{"family":"郭","given":"遠(yuǎn)智"},{"family":"劉","given":"彥隨"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[1]，并于2012年啟動(dòng)“中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄”認(rèn)定工作，至2023年共認(rèn)定六批8155個(gè)具有重要保護(hù)價(jià)值的村落，有效推進(jìn)了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)利用，激發(fā)了農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)活力。黨的“二十大”報(bào)告提出全力推進(jìn)“建設(shè)宜居宜業(yè)和美鄉(xiāng)村”的戰(zhàn)略部署，突出強(qiáng)調(diào)了物質(zhì)文明和精神文明的全面提升。因此，在宜居宜業(yè)和美鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)過(guò)程中，如何立足鄉(xiāng)土特征和地域特色，保持自身歷史縱深感和時(shí)代痕跡的年輪，提升與彰顯鄉(xiāng)村風(fēng)貌特征，是傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)開(kāi)發(fā)需要關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)議題。傳統(tǒng)村落是學(xué)界研究的熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題和鄉(xiāng)村地理學(xué)研究的領(lǐng)域。歐美發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家在城鎮(zhèn)化和工業(yè)化推進(jìn)進(jìn)程中，傳統(tǒng)村落較早顯現(xiàn)衰退的問(wèn)題ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"vqflQlwm","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[27]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[27]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":1587,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/NXCFAJN6"],"itemData":{"id":1587,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"作為鄉(xiāng)村社會(huì)的寶貴財(cái)富,傳統(tǒng)村落是歷史的結(jié)晶和文化的載體,不僅承載著當(dāng)?shù)厝说募w記憶,同時(shí)也是推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村振興的關(guān)鍵所在。對(duì)傳統(tǒng)村落進(jìn)行保護(hù)與利用,就是對(duì)物質(zhì)與非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)進(jìn)行保護(hù)及其活化和傳承;其根本目的是保障傳統(tǒng)村落可持續(xù)發(fā)展,推動(dòng)傳統(tǒng)村落的再生長(zhǎng)和自生長(zhǎng)。目前國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)村落的研究主要集中在概念內(nèi)涵、保護(hù)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展、保護(hù)與利用的發(fā)展路徑、保護(hù)效果評(píng)估、保護(hù)面臨的困境與問(wèn)題等方面。但是已有結(jié)果和經(jīng)驗(yàn)具有一定的局限性,不適用于所有傳統(tǒng)村落。因此,了解傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)和利用的研究現(xiàn)狀及國(guó)外經(jīng)驗(yàn),結(jié)合實(shí)際情況,提出適合自己的保護(hù)與利用方法路徑,將是今后進(jìn)行傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)與利用的主要任務(wù)。","container-title":"貴州民族研究","DOI":"10.13965/ki.gzmzyj10026959.2019.12.011","ISSN":"1002-6959","issue":"12","language":"中文;","note":"37citations(CNKI)[2023-5-18]<北大核心,CSSCI,AMI>","page":"66-73","source":"CNKI","title":"傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)與利用研究進(jìn)展及展望","volume":"40","author":[{"family":"崔","given":"海洋"},{"family":"茍","given":"志宏"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2019"]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[9]?；趥鹘y(tǒng)村落保護(hù)和可持續(xù)發(fā)展理念，相關(guān)研究從社會(huì)學(xué)、旅游學(xué)視角，重視傳統(tǒng)村落文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)和空間生產(chǎn)過(guò)程ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b5uQjWyG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2009,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/TBTK9UTP"],"itemData":{"id":2009,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Disparitiesbetweenexperts’andlocalcommunities’notionsofheritageconstituteakeyareaofconcerninnarrativesondemocraticandinclusiveapproachestoheritageconservation.However,thedifferentiatingun-derlyingreasonsforheritagedelineationremainunderexplored.ByexaminingofficialandlocalunderstandingsofheritageinGreektraditionalsettlements,thecurrentpaperinterrogatesthefactorsbehindheritageascriptionandclassification.FocusingonrurallivingheritageplacesandbreakingthroughtheancientglorifiedClassicalpast,thepapershedslightonalessknown,contemporaryandlivedheritagewhichishoweverequallyimportantforthemodernGreekidentity.Inthecontextofaprofoundauthorisedheritagediscourse,thepaperquestionsthetensionbetweenofficialheritagepolicyandcommunitynotionsofheritage,revealingmulti-layeredandnotnecessarilycontrastingknittingofheritagemeanings,problematizingitsroleinfosteringheritageco-production.","container-title":"JournalofRuralStudies","DOI":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.012","ISSN":"07430167","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofRuralStudies","language":"en","page":"47-58","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis:WideningconservationapproachesinthetraditionalvillagesofcentralGreece","title-short":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Katapidi","given":"Ioanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[10-11]。部分歷史悠久的發(fā)展中國(guó)家以利用村落特色創(chuàng)造經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值、提高社會(huì)福祉和加強(qiáng)鄉(xiāng)村治理為目標(biāo)ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"X3QdC3vq","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[32]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[32]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2015,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/3Z7XD7EQ"],"itemData":{"id":2015,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Thestrategicplanningofruraldevelopmentisfocusedonbotheconomicgrowthandsustainabledevelopment.Sustainableruraldevelopmentisessentialforconservingandimprovingresources,whileeconomicgrowthcontributestoabetterstandardofliving.Theaimoftheresearchistodetermine,usingtheparticipatoryruralappraisal(PRA)methodologyontheexampleofthevillageofZlakusa,theeconomicactivitiesdevelopedinthevillage,theimportanceofruraltourism,andthescopeofsustainabledevelopmenttakenintoaccountinruraldevelopment.Theresultsoftheresearchshowthatthesuccessoftheruralcommunitydependson:diversi?cationofeconomicactivities,whichisaccompaniedbycohesionofthepopulationthroughassociationandorganization;organizedactivitiesaimedatlocalorrepublicanauthorities;activationofhumanandsocialcapital;andinitiatingactivitiesinvolvingmarginalizedgroups.Educatingthepopulationoutsideformaleducationimprovesthesustainableandeconomicdevelopmentofthevillageandenablesruraltourismtobecomeanimportantpartofeconomicactivitiesandachannelforthecommercializationofnaturalandculturalcontents.","container-title":"Sustainability","DOI":"10.3390/su13126747","ISSN":"2071-1050","issue":"12","journalAbbreviation":"Sustainability","language":"en","page":"6747","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"TheRoleofRuralTourisminStrengtheningtheSustainabilityofRuralAreas:TheCaseofZlakusaVillage","title-short":"TheRoleofRuralTourisminStrengtheningtheSustainabilityofRuralAreas","volume":"13","author":[{"family":"?ur?i?","given":"Nevena"},{"family":"Mirkovi?Svitlica","given":"Andrijana"},{"family":"Brankov","given":"Jovana"},{"family":"Bjeljac","given":"?eljko"},{"family":"Pavlovi?","given":"Sanja"},{"family":"Jand?ikovi?","given":"Bojana"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",6,15]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[12-14]，聚焦傳統(tǒng)村落產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和活化利用問(wèn)題開(kāi)展了研究ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b5uQjWyG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2009,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/TBTK9UTP"],"itemData":{"id":2009,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Disparitiesbetweenexperts’andlocalcommunities’notionsofheritageconstituteakeyareaofconcerninnarrativesondemocraticandinclusiveapproachestoheritageconservation.However,thedifferentiatingun-derlyingreasonsforheritagedelineationremainunderexplored.ByexaminingofficialandlocalunderstandingsofheritageinGreektraditionalsettlements,thecurrentpaperinterrogatesthefactorsbehindheritageascriptionandclassification.FocusingonrurallivingheritageplacesandbreakingthroughtheancientglorifiedClassicalpast,thepapershedslightonalessknown,contemporaryandlivedheritagewhichishoweverequallyimportantforthemodernGreekidentity.Inthecontextofaprofoundauthorisedheritagediscourse,thepaperquestionsthetensionbetweenofficialheritagepolicyandcommunitynotionsofheritage,revealingmulti-layeredandnotnecessarilycontrastingknittingofheritagemeanings,problematizingitsroleinfosteringheritageco-production.","container-title":"JournalofRuralStudies","DOI":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.012","ISSN":"07430167","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofRuralStudies","language":"en","page":"47-58","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis:WideningconservationapproachesinthetraditionalvillagesofcentralGreece","title-short":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Katapidi","given":"Ioanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[15-16]。本文選取海南島76個(gè)入選《中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄》的具有地域特色的傳統(tǒng)村落作為研究對(duì)象，基于文獻(xiàn)查閱和實(shí)地調(diào)研，采用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)、核密度分析和GIS技術(shù)方法，分析海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間布局格局特征，探討自然條件、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、國(guó)家政策、人口遷移等因素對(duì)海南島傳統(tǒng)村落選址、數(shù)量特征、整體形態(tài)布局、等方面的影響，旨在為海南島傳統(tǒng)村落保護(hù)、利用和可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供實(shí)踐參考。2研究區(qū)與研究方法2.1研究區(qū)海南島位于中國(guó)南海岸線附近，是一個(gè)風(fēng)景秀麗的熱帶島嶼。海南島擁有豐富的文化遺產(chǎn)和傳統(tǒng)文化，如黎族、苗族、壯族等少數(shù)民族的民俗文化，以及海南省獨(dú)特的海洋文化。作為一個(gè)具有悠久歷史和豐富文化傳統(tǒng)的地區(qū)，海南島擁有許多傳統(tǒng)村落，這些村落承載著當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣竦纳罘绞?、文化傳統(tǒng)和歷史記憶。近年來(lái)，由于旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展和外來(lái)人口的流入，海南島的人口結(jié)構(gòu)也發(fā)生了一定變化。作為中國(guó)的熱門(mén)旅游目的地之一，海南島的旅游業(yè)是其主要經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱，此外，海南島還以農(nóng)業(yè)、漁業(yè)和服務(wù)業(yè)為主要產(chǎn)業(yè)，并且通過(guò)建設(shè)海南自由貿(mào)易港等舉措，積極發(fā)展了國(guó)際旅游島和現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)，推動(dòng)了當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)的多元化發(fā)展。2.2研究方法2.2.1文獻(xiàn)分析法文獻(xiàn)分析法是指通過(guò)對(duì)收集到的某方面的文獻(xiàn)資料進(jìn)行研究，以探明研究對(duì)象的性質(zhì)和狀況，并從中引出自己觀點(diǎn)的分析方法。在本文中主要運(yùn)用這種方法收集并梳理海南古村落形成的影響因素，參考研究其他地區(qū)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)村落空間分布和數(shù)量特征的分析方法。2.2.2數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)法收集海南島入選中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄的六批傳統(tǒng)村落的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)，包括建筑風(fēng)貌、人口變化、經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況、文化活動(dòng)等方面的信息。這些數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自于政府部門(mén)、學(xué)術(shù)機(jī)構(gòu)以及相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料。利用數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)方法對(duì)這些數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理、分析和挖掘，分析傳統(tǒng)村落的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，通過(guò)比較不同時(shí)間段的數(shù)據(jù)變化，找出其中的規(guī)律性和趨勢(shì)性。運(yùn)用GIS圖來(lái)探究傳統(tǒng)村落變化與其他因素之間的關(guān)系，如經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人口流動(dòng)等。為深入理解傳統(tǒng)村落的發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，為保護(hù)傳統(tǒng)村落、繼承文化遺產(chǎn)提供科學(xué)支撐。2.2.3核密度分析方法核密度分析方法是一種常用的空間分析方法，用于評(píng)估地理空間中某一現(xiàn)象的分布密度，并揭示其空間分布特征。它的原理是基于點(diǎn)狀要素在空間上的分布情況，通過(guò)在地圖上繪制這些點(diǎn)的密度分布，以此來(lái)識(shí)別空間上的密集區(qū)域ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b5uQjWyG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2009,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/TBTK9UTP"],"itemData":{"id":2009,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Disparitiesbetweenexperts’andlocalcommunities’notionsofheritageconstituteakeyareaofconcerninnarrativesondemocraticandinclusiveapproachestoheritageconservation.However,thedifferentiatingun-derlyingreasonsforheritagedelineationremainunderexplored.ByexaminingofficialandlocalunderstandingsofheritageinGreektraditionalsettlements,thecurrentpaperinterrogatesthefactorsbehindheritageascriptionandclassification.FocusingonrurallivingheritageplacesandbreakingthroughtheancientglorifiedClassicalpast,thepapershedslightonalessknown,contemporaryandlivedheritagewhichishoweverequallyimportantforthemodernGreekidentity.Inthecontextofaprofoundauthorisedheritagediscourse,thepaperquestionsthetensionbetweenofficialheritagepolicyandcommunitynotionsofheritage,revealingmulti-layeredandnotnecessarilycontrastingknittingofheritagemeanings,problematizingitsroleinfosteringheritageco-production.","container-title":"JournalofRuralStudies","DOI":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.012","ISSN":"07430167","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofRuralStudies","language":"en","page":"47-58","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis:WideningconservationapproachesinthetraditionalvillagesofcentralGreece","title-short":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Katapidi","given":"Ioanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[17]。本文運(yùn)用核密度分析方法分析海南島76個(gè)傳統(tǒng)村落整體的空間分布特征和氣候等因素。3結(jié)果與分析3.1海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布特征3.1.1數(shù)量變化海南島六批列入中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄的村落一共有76個(gè)，其中第一批7個(gè)，第二批0個(gè)，第三批12個(gè)，第四批28個(gè)，第五批17個(gè)，第六批12個(gè)。利用GIS技術(shù)方法繪制成圖（圖1），從圖1中可以看出，海南的古村落數(shù)量眾多，分布較為集中，主要分布在海口、三亞、儋州、瓊海、萬(wàn)寧等地。從數(shù)量變化上來(lái)看，海南島最早的三批入選中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)村落名錄的古村落多分布于澄邁縣，第四批多分布于?？谑小⒍ò部h，第五批主要分布于文昌市、瓊海市，第六批主要分布于文昌市。從這76個(gè)入選的傳統(tǒng)村落的數(shù)量來(lái)看，分布數(shù)量比較多的在澄邁縣、?？谑?、定安縣、瓊海市、文昌市、樂(lè)東黎族自治縣，在其他市縣的分布比較少。圖1不同批次的海南島傳統(tǒng)村落分布圖3.1.2空間特征采用核密度分析方法對(duì)海南島傳統(tǒng)村落進(jìn)行分析，結(jié)果如圖2。海南島傳統(tǒng)村落主要呈現(xiàn)如下空間特征：南北差異比較明顯。這些傳統(tǒng)村落大多分布于海南島北部，并且在一些地區(qū)分布較為密集，南部沿海地區(qū)也有少量分布，但是分布比較稀疏。（2）多分布于東部，中西部較少。海南島的東部多平原，地形平坦，比較適合村落布局，而中西部多山地、丘陵，地形崎嶇不平，對(duì)于農(nóng)業(yè)、工業(yè)的發(fā)展不利，且交通條件落后，因而村落布局較少，體現(xiàn)出空間分布不均衡的特點(diǎn)。圖2海南省傳統(tǒng)村落分布核密度圖3.1.3類(lèi)型劃分海南島傳統(tǒng)村落具有多樣性，許多村落文化具有顯著的二元性特征，具體表現(xiàn)為融合了民間草根的鄉(xiāng)土文化和儒家正統(tǒng)的精英文化。海南島的傳統(tǒng)村落一般可以按照其地理位置、建筑風(fēng)格、文化傳承等特征進(jìn)行分類(lèi)。按照不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，可劃分為不同類(lèi)型，按地理位置可分為山地型、平原型、濱海型；按功能特征可分為農(nóng)耕型、經(jīng)商型、山水型、防御型；按其形態(tài)布局上看，可分為帶狀村落、網(wǎng)狀村落、組合式村落、中心型村落ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b5uQjWyG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2009,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/TBTK9UTP"],"itemData":{"id":2009,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Disparitiesbetweenexperts’andlocalcommunities’notionsofheritageconstituteakeyareaofconcerninnarrativesondemocraticandinclusiveapproachestoheritageconservation.However,thedifferentiatingun-derlyingreasonsforheritagedelineationremainunderexplored.ByexaminingofficialandlocalunderstandingsofheritageinGreektraditionalsettlements,thecurrentpaperinterrogatesthefactorsbehindheritageascriptionandclassification.FocusingonrurallivingheritageplacesandbreakingthroughtheancientglorifiedClassicalpast,thepapershedslightonalessknown,contemporaryandlivedheritagewhichishoweverequallyimportantforthemodernGreekidentity.Inthecontextofaprofoundauthorisedheritagediscourse,thepaperquestionsthetensionbetweenofficialheritagepolicyandcommunitynotionsofheritage,revealingmulti-layeredandnotnecessarilycontrastingknittingofheritagemeanings,problematizingitsroleinfosteringheritageco-production.","container-title":"JournalofRuralStudies","DOI":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.012","ISSN":"07430167","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofRuralStudies","language":"en","page":"47-58","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis:WideningconservationapproachesinthetraditionalvillagesofcentralGreece","title-short":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Katapidi","given":"Ioanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[18]。海南島的傳統(tǒng)村落類(lèi)型豐富多樣，這不僅體現(xiàn)了海南島地理環(huán)境的多樣性，也展現(xiàn)了當(dāng)?shù)夭煌褡逦幕奶厣＿@些傳統(tǒng)村落以其獨(dú)特的建筑風(fēng)格、豐富的文化內(nèi)涵和自然風(fēng)光，吸引著眾多游客前來(lái)觀賞和體驗(yàn)，是海南島重要的歷史文化遺產(chǎn)和旅游資源。本文按地形地貌類(lèi)型將海南島傳統(tǒng)村落分類(lèi)為山地型、平原型和濱海型三種類(lèi)型（如表1）。這三種類(lèi)型的特征如下：（1）山地型村落（圖3）是海南島傳統(tǒng)村落的重要類(lèi)型之一。這些村落多建于山區(qū)或丘陵地帶，依山傍水，地理位置優(yōu)越。山地村落的建筑往往利用地形起伏，錯(cuò)落有致，建筑多以傳統(tǒng)的木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)為主，保留著古老的建筑風(fēng)格和文化傳統(tǒng)。村落周?chē)Ｓ胁鑸@、果園等農(nóng)田景觀，生活節(jié)奏寧?kù)o悠閑，展現(xiàn)出當(dāng)?shù)鬲?dú)特的風(fēng)情。圖3山地型村落建筑（2）濱海型村落（如圖4）也是海南島傳統(tǒng)村落的重要組成部分。這些村落多分布在海濱或河邊，周?chē)h(huán)繞著茂密的椰林或棕櫚樹(shù)，具有濃厚的海洋氣息。沿海村落的建筑風(fēng)格和生活方式受到海洋文化的影響，建筑多以木質(zhì)或竹質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)為主，靈活利用竹、木、茅草等自然材料建造房屋，體現(xiàn)了因地適宜的建筑理念，展現(xiàn)出簡(jiǎn)樸而又精美的民居風(fēng)格。圖4濱海型村落建筑（3）平原型村落（如圖5）是海南島傳統(tǒng)村落的另一類(lèi)重要類(lèi)型。這些村落多位于內(nèi)陸平原或丘陵地帶，地理位置多樣，有些位于山谷中，有些分布在江河岸邊。內(nèi)陸村落的建筑風(fēng)格和生活方式受土著文化的影響，建筑多以土坯、石頭等當(dāng)?shù)夭牧辖ㄔ欤纬闪霜?dú)特的民居風(fēng)格，體現(xiàn)了特點(diǎn)鮮明的文化特色。圖5平原型村落建筑表1傳統(tǒng)村落類(lèi)型類(lèi)型個(gè)數(shù)村落名稱(chēng)特點(diǎn)概括山地型12白查村、洪水村、牙合村、金妙朗村、久溫塘村、皇坡村、龍拔塘村、紅花嶺村、大禮村、群山村、留客村木質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)、周?chē)噢r(nóng)田平原型45文山村、東譚村、美篆村、金堆村、羅梧村、邊海村、昌文湖村、包道村、晨光村、三卿村、美社村、馮塘村、美孝村、大美村、美朗村、揚(yáng)坤村、羅驛村、道吉村、儒音村、美傲村、美墩村、美楠村、那雅村、南軒村、秀靈村、春內(nèi)村、龍梅村、仙坡村、高林村、三灘村、卜效村、老丹村、美香村、紅專(zhuān)居透灘村、居仁村、深造村、濱灘村、中洞村、東群村、分洪村、沙港村、富宅村、十八行村、大頂村、松樹(shù)下村、下山村內(nèi)陸平原或丘陵地帶濱海型19佛羅老村、黃流村、鏡湖村、保平村、疍家漁村、聯(lián)光村、加美村、美德村、冠南村、仙寨蓮塘村、義門(mén)二村、上丹村、道郡村、昌拱村、譚昌村、石石矍村、龍吉村、東坡村、邁德村木質(zhì)或竹質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)3.2海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布的影響因素傳統(tǒng)村落的形態(tài)特征是多種因素綜合作用的結(jié)果。經(jīng)濟(jì)技術(shù)、歷史文化、社會(huì)制度和自然環(huán)境等因素都在影響著村落的形成和發(fā)展。在海南島這樣一個(gè)地理環(huán)境獨(dú)特、氣候特征顯著的地方，這些因素對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)村落的聚落形態(tài)和建筑構(gòu)造產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。3.2.1自然因素海南島位于北緯18°10′04″～20°09′40″，東經(jīng)108°36′43″～111°02′31″，面積約為3.4萬(wàn)m2，位于熱帶北緣。其自然氣候類(lèi)型為熱帶季風(fēng)氣候，終年濕熱年平均相對(duì)濕度可達(dá)80%以上，年均氣溫在22.5～26℃之間，夏季溫度高，日照時(shí)間長(zhǎng)，且受到東北季風(fēng)和西南季風(fēng)的影響，進(jìn)而呈現(xiàn)出明顯的季風(fēng)特征。在一年之中，季風(fēng)變化明顯，且島上氣候溫暖濕潤(rùn)，全年氣溫較為穩(wěn)定，一般在20℃～30℃之間，是中國(guó)境內(nèi)氣溫最高的地區(qū)之一，冬季氣候較為溫和，夏季則炎熱多雨。圖6海南島氣溫圖海南島所屬的熱帶季風(fēng)氣候區(qū)，降水充沛，年降水量較大，呈現(xiàn)明顯的濕潤(rùn)氣候特征。海南島的年平均降雨量為1,639mm，但是降雨量分布不均衡，主要集中在夏季，特別是在5月至10月間，短暫但強(qiáng)降水頻繁，常有雷暴和熱帶風(fēng)暴。中東部沿海為濕潤(rùn)區(qū)，西南部沿海為半干燥區(qū)，其它地區(qū)為半濕潤(rùn)區(qū)（圖6）。降雨季節(jié)不均勻分配，干濕季節(jié)明顯，氣候特點(diǎn)為炎熱、潮濕、多雨，尤其是春季室內(nèi)濕度最大。由于這些獨(dú)特的氣候條件，海南島擁有獨(dú)特的熱帶雨林植被，包括熱帶雨林、熱帶季雨林等類(lèi)型，植物種類(lèi)繁多，樹(shù)木蔥郁，綠意盎然，擁有眾多天然美景，如碧海藍(lán)天的海灘、蔚藍(lán)的海洋、綠樹(shù)成蔭的植被、飛流而下的瀑布、獨(dú)具一格的溫泉等，吸引著眾多游客前來(lái)觀光旅游。除此以外，高溫高濕的氣候條件對(duì)建筑形態(tài)與村落布局也有著較大的影響。海南島的獨(dú)特地理環(huán)境和氣候特征是塑造當(dāng)?shù)貍鹘y(tǒng)村落形態(tài)的重要因素之一。其熱帶氣候類(lèi)型和豐富的降水量，決定了當(dāng)?shù)卮迓湓诮ㄖ闲枰紤]到通風(fēng)、遮陽(yáng)、防潮等因素。因此，在海南的傳統(tǒng)村落中，常見(jiàn)的建筑形式包括高腳屋、竹樓ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b5uQjWyG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2009,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/TBTK9UTP"],"itemData":{"id":2009,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Disparitiesbetweenexperts’andlocalcommunities’notionsofheritageconstituteakeyareaofconcerninnarrativesondemocraticandinclusiveapproachestoheritageconservation.However,thedifferentiatingun-derlyingreasonsforheritagedelineationremainunderexplored.ByexaminingofficialandlocalunderstandingsofheritageinGreektraditionalsettlements,thecurrentpaperinterrogatesthefactorsbehindheritageascriptionandclassification.FocusingonrurallivingheritageplacesandbreakingthroughtheancientglorifiedClassicalpast,thepapershedslightonalessknown,contemporaryandlivedheritagewhichishoweverequallyimportantforthemodernGreekidentity.Inthecontextofaprofoundauthorisedheritagediscourse,thepaperquestionsthetensionbetweenofficialheritagepolicyandcommunitynotionsofheritage,revealingmulti-layeredandnotnecessarilycontrastingknittingofheritagemeanings,problematizingitsroleinfosteringheritageco-production.","container-title":"JournalofRuralStudies","DOI":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.012","ISSN":"07430167","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofRuralStudies","language":"en","page":"47-58","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis:WideningconservationapproachesinthetraditionalvillagesofcentralGreece","title-short":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Katapidi","given":"Ioanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[19]等，這些建筑結(jié)構(gòu)能夠適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件，為居民提供舒適的居住環(huán)境。除了氣候因素，海南島的地理環(huán)境也對(duì)傳統(tǒng)村落的形態(tài)產(chǎn)生了影響。島上多山丘、河流眾多，這些地形地貌的特點(diǎn)決定了村落的布局需要考慮地勢(shì)起伏、水資源分布等因素（圖7）。因此，海南的傳統(tǒng)村落通常選址在山水之間，借助山勢(shì)和水源，形成了獨(dú)特的村莊格局。圖7海南島傳統(tǒng)村落與地形關(guān)系圖由上圖不難看出，海南島行政區(qū)內(nèi)的地勢(shì)四周低平，中間高聳，中西部多山地、丘陵，而東部又具有廣闊的沿海平原，在山地丘陵周?chē)?，廣泛分布著寬窄不一的臺(tái)地和階地，環(huán)島多為濱海平原，這樣的地形地貌造就了古村落的分布格局，依山傍水，受到地理環(huán)境的影響較大。海南傳統(tǒng)村落的形態(tài)特征既反映了當(dāng)?shù)刈匀画h(huán)境和氣候條件，也承載著豐富的歷史文化和民俗傳統(tǒng)。這些因素共同作用，使得海南島的傳統(tǒng)村落在建筑風(fēng)格ADDINZOTERO_ITEMCSL_CITATION{"citationID":"b5uQjWyG","properties":{"formattedCitation":"\\super[28]\\nosupersub{}","plainCitation":"[28]","noteIndex":0},"citationItems":[{"id":2009,"uris":["/users/9436431/items/TBTK9UTP"],"itemData":{"id":2009,"type":"article-journal","abstract":"Disparitiesbetweenexperts’andlocalcommunities’notionsofheritageconstituteakeyareaofconcerninnarrativesondemocraticandinclusiveapproachestoheritageconservation.However,thedifferentiatingun-derlyingreasonsforheritagedelineationremainunderexplored.ByexaminingofficialandlocalunderstandingsofheritageinGreektraditionalsettlements,thecurrentpaperinterrogatesthefactorsbehindheritageascriptionandclassification.FocusingonrurallivingheritageplacesandbreakingthroughtheancientglorifiedClassicalpast,thepapershedslightonalessknown,contemporaryandlivedheritagewhichishoweverequallyimportantforthemodernGreekidentity.Inthecontextofaprofoundauthorisedheritagediscourse,thepaperquestionsthetensionbetweenofficialheritagepolicyandcommunitynotionsofheritage,revealingmulti-layeredandnotnecessarilycontrastingknittingofheritagemeanings,problematizingitsroleinfosteringheritageco-production.","container-title":"JournalofRuralStudies","DOI":"10.1016/j.jrurstud.2020.09.012","ISSN":"07430167","journalAbbreviation":"JournalofRuralStudies","language":"en","page":"47-58","source":"DOI.org(Crossref)","title":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis:WideningconservationapproachesinthetraditionalvillagesofcentralGreece","title-short":"Heritagepolicymeetscommunitypraxis","volume":"81","author":[{"family":"Katapidi","given":"Ioanna"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[["2021",1]]}}}],"schema":"/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}[20]、聚落格局等方面呈現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的特色，體現(xiàn)了人與自然和諧相處的智慧和傳統(tǒng)。3.2.2經(jīng)濟(jì)因素在本文中，將運(yùn)用GDP對(duì)影響海南島傳統(tǒng)村落空間分布的經(jīng)濟(jì)因素進(jìn)行分析。GDP是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值，是指一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)生產(chǎn)活動(dòng)的最終成果，它是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)核算的核心指標(biāo)，也是衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家或地區(qū)的總體經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況重要指標(biāo)，可以大致反映出該地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)水平，因此，本文將GDP作為衡量海南島各地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況的大致標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。圖8海南島按三次產(chǎn)業(yè)分各市縣生產(chǎn)總值與傳統(tǒng)村落關(guān)系圖從上圖（如圖8）中可以看出，海口市作為海南島的重要城市，是全島在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、交通等方面的中心，對(duì)周邊地區(qū)有著重要的帶動(dòng)作用，其發(fā)展水平和內(nèi)部資源的利用效率對(duì)推動(dòng)整個(gè)地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、增強(qiáng)地方經(jīng)濟(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力具有不可替代的作用，其GDP值遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于作為其他市縣。將海南島各地區(qū)的生產(chǎn)總值與76個(gè)傳統(tǒng)村落相聯(lián)系，從結(jié)果中不難看出，生產(chǎn)總值越高的地區(qū)，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平越高，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況越好，其中入選成為傳統(tǒng)村落的數(shù)量越多，分布越密集；生產(chǎn)總值越低的地區(qū)，經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平越低，經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況越差，傳統(tǒng)村落的數(shù)量較少，分布越稀疏。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展水平在較深